Prior work on black hole (BH) thermodynamics suggests the entropy depends not on the volume, but rather the surface area of the event horizon. Such findings highlight the intriguing nature of BHs and give rise to the idea that information may be entirely encoded on the surface. We study the case of a superficial Schwarzschild BH, and calculate the net force (Fnet) exerted on the surface of its spherical shell from the self-gravitational pull. We demonstrate that the Fnet is exactly c^4/4G, 3.025•10^43 Newtons, a force that is constant and independent of the size and the mass of the BH, meaning all such Schwarzschild BHs share the same Fnet. Surprisingly, the Fnet matches Fmax, the limit of the maximum force conjecture. This establishes a new potential connection between the formation of BHs and the Fmax. We demonstrate that under the validity of this Fmax, the mass of the superficial BH is contained at precisely the Schwarzschild radius. Finally, we provide further evidence to reject the concept of a point mass singularity and we theorize on the creation of a BH given the findings.
El movimiento relativo de un punto respecto de un observador no solo depende de la velocidad relativa del movimiento. La dirección de esta velocidad juega un papel fundamental en la deformación del tiempo. En este estudio, se ha cuantificado el efecto de la dirección sobre el factor de intervalos de tiempo.
The time dilation formulas of both the Special Relativity and General Relativity could be studied using a factor dependent on specific energy. Should such factor be used to define the relativistic mass, the equation that arises is an approximation of the mass and energy relation. This mathematical definition of mass is finally compared to the equations that define Dark Matter Annihilation into charged states via loop-level processes.
The time dilation formulas of both the Special Relativity and General Relativity could be studied using an expression dependent on specific energy. Should such factor be used to define the relativistic mass, the equation that arises is an approximation of the mass and energy relation. An entangled mathematical definition of mass that is finally compared to the equations that define Dark Matter Annihilation into charged states via loop-level processes.
The time dilation formulas of both the Special Relativity and the General Relativity could be understood as children of a common expression that uses a factor dependent on the specific energy. Should such factor be used to define the relativistic mass, the equation that arises is an approximation of the mass and energy relation. An entangled mathematical definition of mass that is finally compared to the equations that define Dark Matter annihilation into charged states via loop-level processes.
The time dilation formulas of both the Special Relativity and the General Relativity could be understood as children of a common expression that uses a factor dependent on the specific energy. Should such factor be used to define the relativistic mass, the equation that arises is an approximation of the mass and energy relation. An entangled mathematical definition of mass that is finally compared to the equations that define Dark Matter annihilation into charged states via loop-level processes.
The time dilation formulas of both the specific relativity and the general relativity could be understood as children of a common expression that uses a factor dependent on the specific energy. Surprisingly when such factor is used to define the relativistic mass, the equation that arises is an extraordinary approximation of the mass and energy relation. An entangled mathematical perspective of both time and mass that opens up again the question of what their definition really is, and which are the factors that modify such variables.
Wind power represents one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and improvements to wind turbine design and control can have a significant impact on energy sustainability. This proposal is about a new design for efficient VAWT. Typically, VAWT power output is generated from the difference between the forces on the forward and backward facing blades to the wind direction. That reduces their efficiency as compared to the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). The current innovation, eliminates the forces on the backward facing blades using dynamic blades which improve their efficiency to be comparablewith the HAWT.
In addition, the turbine is fitted with aerodynamic brakes that safely stop the turbine at low and high wind speeds. This safety feature does not exist in any Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in the market. The innovation received the Accelerator to Commercialization award in 2014 from the state of Ohio and University of Cincinnati. Several small size prototypes were builtwhich validated the concept.
VAWTs are capable of catching wind from all directions which avoid the need for yaw mechanisms, rudders or downwind coning. The electric generators can be positioned near the ground and are easily accessible for maintenance. The new invention will revolutionize thewind turbines andwind farms technology by improving the VAWT efficiency and safety.
A formula has been developed that defines the relativity of time in a novel approach. In the present paper, this is particularized for cases of temporary dilation due to speed and gravity. Using the previous equation, that serves as basis of the theory proposed, an interpretation of the nature of Black Holes, their formation, growth, and dimension can be developed. Which ultimately leads to an alternative understanding of mass and energy.
