1897 printing (the sixth edition, revised and enlarged) of the 1891 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition in Columbia College (University?); formerly Associate Professor of English in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Carpenter claims that the exigency of his text is the fact that most students learn more easily from the comments the instructor makes because her/his examples are familiar to the student and s/he uses literature that is more relevant to the students than what is usually found in texts. Each section contains a fairly detailed exercise that includes explanations, examples and systematic exercises for the students. The exercises often emphasize correcting errors. The chapters cover words, sentences, paragraphs, whole compositions, qualities of style (clearness, force, elegance). Barrett Wendell is credited as a primary influence. Wendell, McElroy, A. S. Hill, David Salmon, and Genung are referenced. The Schultz Archive only includes brief excerpts, but they are good quality.
1902 printing of the 1900 copyrighted work. The first high school course was initially published separately in 1899. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition in Columbia University. This text by Carpenter builds on his previous Exercises in Rhetoric and English Composition that was published roughly 10 years prior. Based on the conclusions of the committees of ten and fifteen, the author is working from the conclusions that students in high school should received the same rhetorical training as those in college; that training should be at least two years; the first course should focus on words and the structure of sentences and paragraphs, and the second should focus on the main principles of exposition, narration, description, and (perhaps) argument; that students have abundant practice in applying principles; that correctness, clearness, directness, and simplicity of style should be emphasized. The author credits Barrett Wendell and F. N. Scott as influences. Exercises are provided throughout.The appendix also includes suggestions for "home reading" and "words frequently misused." The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (although it is missing pages 246-53), and it is good quality.
Parker is credited as Colonial Anglican clergyman at Boston, Second Bishop of Massachusetts, and supporter of Samuel Seabury of Connecticut. The title page states his correspondence has been calendared, summarized and indexed. The introduction states the volume will "enlarge our perspectives on the whole Colonial Church and the formation of the early National Church." The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1877 printing of 1877 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Primary Object-Lessons. A guide based on the notion that student knowledge is experienced, not memorized and recited. Each chapter focuses on an object or location that relates to real life experience. Calkins's Manual for Teachers is intended as a supplement for another textbook based on object teaching. The purpose of this supplemental text is to inform teachers of the best ways to teach using the text. The text accomplishes this by suggesting a variety of lessons for each grade level of primary school. The actual text seeks to teach young students practically by teaching them the systematic examination of real objects. Examples from trades and occupations are used to create a desire in students to learns about these occupations and how each contributes to the common welfare. It uses The Schultz Archive includes the complete text, and it is good quality. However, the bottoms of each page seem to be cut off.
The second edition, printed 1859, copyrighted 1858. The work begins with twenty pages of certificates: words of praise from various people. A grammar handbook aimed at a wide audience of readers who wish to become "grammarians." Based on Lindley Murray's Grammar and the work of Samuel Kirkham, the author seeks to establish a more effective and systematic method of teaching students to parse and correct. For each grammatical principle Caldwell offers a number of questions and answers to elucidate the system of grammar. Students are expected to memorize the answers (the rules). Examples of false orthography, false syntax, and false punctuation are used to teach correcting. The Schultz Archive only includes a brief excerpt, but the scans are good quality. However, some highlighter obscures text throughout.
1900 printing of the 1899 copyrighted text. William B. Cairns is credited as having a Ph.D. and as Instructor in English in the University of Wisconsin. A thorough guide that divides its focus on style and invention. Cairns's text seeks to teach rhetoric in a familiar way without introducing new terms or definitions. He argues principles are dependent on usage and that style and invention should be treated together. Style and invention have independent sections, but each contain cross references to the other. Long illustrative texts are used rather than scattered short ones and appear at the end of chapters. Part one, style, has two chapters: Language determined by usage, and language adapted to the Needs of the reader. The first covers spelling, grammar, and word usage. Chapter two covers qualities of style (clearness, force, ease, unity) and a section of qualities expressed in full sentences. Part 2, invention, has chapters on narration, description, exposition, argumentation, and persuasion. The prefaces credits Genung and A. S. Hill as influences.The Schultz Archive includes the complete text, and the scans are fairly good quality.
1873 printing of the 1873 copyrighted text. The author is credited as having a Master of Arts degree, as Principal of the Ralston School in Pittsburgh, and as the author of two other books on grammar. Burtt's Primary Grammar is intended to be a supplemental work for his text Practical Grammar. Primary Grammar, Burtt professes, will simply and practically present the basics of English grammar by providing definitions, exercises, examples, models and questions to assist in the application of parsing and other grammatical concerns. The text advocates students be required to recite answers in complete sentences. The work has three sections: introduction, parts of speech, and analysis of sentences. The analysis of sentences section has false syntax for correcting and examples for parsing and analysis. The Schultz Archive includes up to page 49, where it abruptly ends, and the scans are all good quality.
No printing date given. Copyrighted in 1859. The author is credited as having Master of Arts degree. Burtt professes that his grammar will be practical and clear for high school and college students who need to learn the basic principles of English grammar. The text begins with basic orthography and etymology and progress through syntax, among other principles, to arrive at the application of English grammar principles to prosody. Burtt's text offers numerous examples for students that he claims will make learning the principles of English grammar simple for any student. Questions and exercises are used throughout, including exercising in parsing. The syntax section has examples of false syntax to be corrected and samples for syntax analysis. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (although the cover page repeats and page 65 is partly blanked out). Aside from the previously mentioned issues, the text is in good condition.
1865 printing of the copyrighted 1865 text. The author is credited as the author of two other works on teaching. A guide on how to teach developing children with the "things around them." A presentation on the abilities and strengths of youth that might otherwise be ignored. The author of this text advocates education through the observation of familiar objects. His claim is that young children would learn all things more effectively if they were to learn by doing as opposed to learning through rote memorization and drilling of mechanics. It advocates for parents taking up the roll of aiding in children's intellectual development. The text offers a variety of potential learning experiences with familiar objects such as grocery shelves or animals and advances on to adult subject such as newspaper reform and partisan calumnies. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (except pages 132-33, which are missing). The text is legible, but some of the scans are low quality, which makes them difficult to read.