{"response":{"docs":[{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:20:19Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:04:01Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"rb68xb84x","accessControl_ssim":["c00e18fd-4ff7-4b71-8a43-e5eee1b47a7d"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["9593tv123"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["9593tv123"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Creating Best Practices with Employer Partners - How to Construct Quality Off-Campus Educational Pedagogy"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:20:19Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2018-01-29T19:02:06Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C2W39W"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research"],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Damschroder, Cindy"],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati"],"subject_tesim":["Design"],"language_tesim":["English"],"description_tesim":["Starting or growing a co-op/internship program can be intimidating; for both educators and potential employer partners. In an effort to learn the pain points for both parties, opportunities\r\nto break down barriers and build bridges, and identify actionable steps to get started, faculty from the University of Cincinnati’s Division of Experience-Based Learning and Career Education conducted a two-year research project with 65 co-op and internship employers from more 15 unique industry clusters, and 50 university faculty and staff representing 24 unique institutions. This poster will graphically share the resulting findings from more than 1250 qualitative responses, and generate discussion on the educational pedagogy of creating best practices for employer partners. Find out what “the survey says”!"],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/9593tv123?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["rb68xb856","1544bp14j","9593tv123"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["rb68xb856","1544bp14j","9593tv123"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"CREATING BEST PRACTICES WITH EMPLOYER PARTNERS HOW TO CONSTRUCT QUALITY OFFCAMPUS EDUCATIONAL PEDAGOGY","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["vannesdi@mail.uc.edu","drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/rb68xb84x"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099131632222208,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:44:14.233Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:14:58Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:15:10Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"m900nt40f","accessControl_ssim":["5db41c90-8b58-46ba-a652-223e5f1b5e3d"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["12579s25t"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["12579s25t"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Writing into the Unknown: Speculative, Arts-Based Writing as Creative Composition and Design Research Method"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:14:58Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2018-05-11T14:22:18Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C20X12"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research"],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Daiello, Vittoria","Casey, Davida","Bruner, Olivia"],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati"],"subject_tesim":["Design"],"language_tesim":["English"],"description_tesim":["How do arts-based writing endeavors catalyze generative thinking and support research development in design students’ thesis endeavors? This paper offers reflections from an industrial design masters student, a graphic design masters student, and their arts education professor in a School of Design at a Research I institution. Informed by theoretical and historical contexts of the design discipline and perspectives from composition studies and fine arts practice, we explore the potential of arts-based writing as an evocative, speculative tool and a distinctive form of reflective practice for the development of graduate design research. We suggest that arts-based writing’s iterative process, dialogic engagement, and speculative approach to knowledge-construction provide critical, reflective structures for working through uncertainties and thus are uniquely responsive to the evolving epistemologies of the transdisciplinary university. Three focal questions guide this reflection: What is arts-based writing? What role does arts-based writing play in students’ design research endeavors? How can arts-based writing practices support the growth of speculative and pragmatic design research?"],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/12579s25t?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["0z708w72n","3t945q79m","12579s25t"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["0z708w72n","3t945q79m","12579s25t"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"WRITING INTO THE UNKNOWN SPECULATIVE ARTSBASED WRITING AS CREATIVE COMPOSITION AND DESIGN RESEARCH METHOD","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu","vannesdi@mail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/m900nt40f"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099217079631872,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:45:35.722Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:09:09Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:13:50Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"2n49t171b","accessControl_ssim":["5645fbf4-dbe3-43bc-863e-58cac3c6a19a"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["05741r680"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["05741r680"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Future Propositions for How People Use Technology: Designing Through Ethnographic Research Methods"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:09:09Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2018-01-12T15:38:30Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C24M4B"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research "],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Chung, Wayne ","Burton, Carly "],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati "],"subject_tesim":["Design "],"language_tesim":["English "],"description_tesim":["Carnegie Mellon University's School of Design partnered with Cognizant Technology Solutions on a design project for a semester-long elective course called UX Design Tools. The intent was broad in its inception: identify emergent opportunities where technology will play a significant role in people's interactions and experiences. What is the future of physical space? How are advancements in IoT, augmented reality, and telematics influencing how we experience environments?\r\n\r\nStudents were asked to anchor their problem solving in evolving human needs and to understand the role technology plays. Cognizant's human-centered development approach relies primarily on ethnographic inquiry. This evidenced through integrating their anthropologists from acquired firm Idea Couture, and associates from strategic partner ReD Associates. The interdisciplinary majors from upper-level undergraduate to graduate level students learned to use and create multi- method research approaches to identify unique opportunities.\r\n\r\nSeven teams created future scenarios with newly developed physical product designs, digital interfaces, and new service strategies utilizing various technologies. Three case studies highlight a trio of observed emotional themes in relation to how people utilize technology to benefit their daily life or work: self-\r\nelection, introduction-exchange, and co-dependency.\r\n\r\nThis poster presentation will showcase three projects that will serve as examples of how industry and academia act as research and development entities; how to approach research as a\r\nfundamental tenet for innovation and design; and show how breadth and depth of interdisciplinary skills and experience is a necessity in an ever expanding climate of technology push."],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/05741r680?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["9z902z85m","05741r680","8k71nh08w"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["9z902z85m","05741r680","8k71nh08w"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"FUTURE PROPOSITIONS FOR HOW PEOPLE USE TECHNOLOGY DESIGNING THROUGH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH METHODS","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["vannesdi@mail.uc.edu","drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/2n49t171b"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099165068165120,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:44:46.120Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:02:05Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:11:59Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"n009w229r","accessControl_ssim":["965b07b7-0f12-4be6-ab1b-f36e7888a008"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["dj52w4709"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["dj52w4709"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Finding the Expectations of Smart Home and Designing the Meaningful Technology for Delivering Customers’ Satisfaction"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:02:05Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2017-11-17T19:02:54Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C28D7N"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research "],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Chuang, Yaliang ","Chen, Lin-Lin ","Chen, Yu-Shan Athena "],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati "],"subject_tesim":["Design "],"language_tesim":["English "],"description_tesim":["Smart home is becoming a focus in both literature and product development practices. The current study employed a human-centered design approach to understand users desires and expectations from their living context. Six critical themes were developed via in-deep interview, field observation, and data analysis. They are house as a supportive friend, atmosphere generator, theme songs for every moment, coordinator and reminder, life memory collector, and routine builder for young generations. Those concepts were partially integrated to define the value proposition for the target user group of parents with young children. This guides the design ideation and video prototyping to illustrator the user experiences. Through a focus group discussion, the design concepts were validated with six potential customers. The results also show that the design concept has the potential to motivate children’s behaviors, help to build their routine, and has the flexibility to fulfill different needs toward the changes of the family’s life cycle."],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/dj52w4709?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["dj52w4709","cr56n096b"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["dj52w4709","cr56n096b"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"FINDING THE EXPECTATIONS OF SMART HOME AND DESIGNING THE MEANINGFUL TECHNOLOGY FOR DELIVERING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["vannesdi@mail.uc.edu","drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/n009w229r"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099163145076736,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:44:44.286Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:56:31Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:10:19Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"t722h8817","accessControl_ssim":["ed3bc88c-17a3-4c70-948c-ead5dbf62365"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["qb98mf449"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["qb98mf449"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["A Study on Design for Diagnostic Tool for Language Processing Ability with Aging - Focused on ‘Verb naming’"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:56:31Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:57:18Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C2D385"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research "],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Choi, Yoo Mi ","Kim, You Ri "],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati "],"subject_tesim":["Design "],"language_tesim":["English "],"description_tesim":["The deterioration of linguistic abilities is a natural phenomenon along with aging. Therefore, various assessment tools have been developed to measure linguistic abilities of seniors and diagnose\r\ndegenerative diseases such as dementia. Although most of the tools are composed of images, there are not many studies focusing on the visual design, which could significantly affect performance of the subject. In this regard, this research aims to suggest a design guideline for linguistic ability assessment tools concerning the key characteristics of the elderly, focusing on visual contents and interface.\r\n\r\nExisting related researches were mostly conducted in English speaking countries. In order to assess the language processing abilities of Korean-speaking elders more accurately, it is necessary to develop language processing assessment tools that reflect the unique linguistic features and structure of the Korean language. Regarding the existing tools, there is a lack of research on aging, focusing on ‘verb naming.\r\n\r\nIn the literature review section, the paper investigated the physical, cognitive and emotional characteristics of the elderly and extracted the key elements to consider when designing for the elderly. Also, design principles were found based on case studies and problem analysis of the existing assessment tools for language processing abilities. Lastly, we created a prototype model using ‘verb naming.’ Using the model, we have conducted an experiment and comparative analysis between different age groups to verify the validity of contents.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, we provided a design guideline for visual contents and interface of linguistic assessment tools, focusing on elderly users."],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/qb98mf449?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["k0698748f","qb98mf449"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["k0698748f","qb98mf449"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"STUDY ON DESIGN FOR DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR LANGUAGE PROCESSING ABILITY WITH AGING FOCUSED ON VERB NAMING","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["vannesdi@mail.uc.edu","drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/t722h8817"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099203633741824,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:45:22.899Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:50:03Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:08:41Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"rx913p89r","accessControl_ssim":["aa8f3fd2-e3e5-4c36-9f14-e38014f7de24"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["ks65hc22c"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["ks65hc22c"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Cultural Differences in Aesthetic Preferences: Does Product-to-Context Match Matter?"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:50:03Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2017-12-06T17:59:09Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C2HX1Q"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research "],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Kitayama, Shinobu ","Seifert, Colleen ","Yoon, Carolyn ","Chiu, Tseng-Ping "],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati "],"subject_tesim":["Design "],"language_tesim":["English "],"description_tesim":["Western cultures focus on salient objects and use categorization for purposes of organizing the environment (an analytic view), whereas, East Asians cultures focus more holistically on relationships and similarities among objects when organizing the environment (a holistic view). Previous research has shown that cognitive approaches differ between cultures: European Americans prefer an analytic style, and East Asians tend to use a holistic style. However, little is known about how cultural differences in cognition relate to aesthetic preferences. In this paper, we explored whether cultural differences arise in preferences for products set in matching vs. mismatching contexts. Participants in a laboratory experiment included European Americans and East Asians. Individually, they viewed images of a variety of furniture products (chairs, coffee tables, and floor lamps) and rated their aesthetic appeal. Each product type appeared in three different contexts: matching (target product shown in its usual in-home context); mismatched (target product shown in an unusual in-home context), and neutral (the target product shown on a white background). For both cultural groups, products were judged to be more aesthetically pleasing in the matching than in the mismatched context. However, ratings for products in mismatching contexts were significantly higher among East Asians. Our findings suggest that those with holistic views (East Asians) are more tolerant of mismatches than are those with more analytic views (European Americans). The implications for product and marketing design include greater attention to context presentation."],"license_tesim":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"date_created_tesim":["2017-10-31"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/downloads/ks65hc22c?file=thumbnail","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["admin_set/default-default-depositing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_ids_ssim":["ks65hc22c","2b88qc181","wm117n97m"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["IASDR 2017 Conference"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"file_set_ids_ssim":["ks65hc22c","2b88qc181","wm117n97m"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Default Admin Set"],"sort_title_ssi":"CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN AESTHETIC PREFERENCES DOES PRODUCTTOCONTEXT MATCH MATTER","human_readable_type_tesim":["Article"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu","vannesdi@mail.uc.edu"],"nesting_collection__ancestors_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__parent_ids_ssim":["d504rk335"],"nesting_collection__pathnames_ssim":["d504rk335/rx913p89r"],"nesting_collection__deepest_nested_depth_isi":2,"_version_":1697099196072460288,"timestamp":"2021-04-15T09:45:15.688Z","score":0.00049999997},{"system_create_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:33:11Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2019-06-06T15:07:05Z","has_model_ssim":["Article"],"id":"gf06g264k","accessControl_ssim":["c6a8bb96-2924-442b-bf22-da8a1c44057f"],"hasRelatedMediaFragment_ssim":["xs55mc046"],"hasRelatedImage_ssim":["xs55mc046"],"depositor_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"depositor_tesim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"title_tesim":["Preliminary Study on the Learning Pressure of Undergraduate Industrial Design Students"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2017-11-17T18:33:11Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2018-01-09T15:39:33Z","isPartOf_ssim":["admin_set/default"],"proxy_depositor_ssim":["salguemd@mail.uc.edu"],"on_behalf_of_ssim":["drewll@ucmail.uc.edu"],"doi_tesim":["doi:10.7945/C2NM3M"],"required_software_tesim":[""],"college_tesim":["Design, Architecture, Art and Planning"],"department_tesim":["Graduate Studies and Research "],"note_tesim":[""],"creator_tesim":["Chen, Wenzhi "],"publisher_tesim":["University of Cincinnati "],"subject_tesim":["Design "],"language_tesim":["English "],"description_tesim":["Learning pressure affects students’ learning process and performance. Industrial design education emphasizes that operations on real design problems that have heavy working loads may cause learning pressure. The purpose of this study is to explore the issues causing learning pressure and the pressure management strategies of undergraduate industrial design students. There were 297 students who participated in the questionnaire survey. The main findings are as follows: First, learning pressure includes academic pressure, peer pressure, self-expectations, time pressure, financial pressure, pressure from instructors, external pressure, future career, pressure from parents, resource pressure, achievement, and situational pressure. In addition, the main learning pressure is caused by finance, time, resources, external issues, and future career. Second, the pressure management strategies include problem solving, procrastination and escape, help seeking, leisure, emotional management, and self-adjustment. The most useful strategy for managing pressure is leisure, and procrastination and escape is the least useful strategy. Third, all learning pressures are significantly correlated with procrastination and escape strategy, but the coefficients are low. 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