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  • NATO and the European Union’s Response to Peacebuilding

    9306t0659?file=thumbnail
    Type:
    Dataset
    Description/Abstract:
    The NATO and the EU Peacebuilding Missions Dataset is created to use fuzzy seta Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) analysis as a method of researching how NATO and the EU missions’ outcomes are influences by organizational assets and decision-making in both organizations. Outcome pertaining to these two sets of missions are intended to measure various aspects of organizational efficacy. There are two groups of variables – condition variables and outcome variables. In the next few sections, we will explain how these two groups of variables were generated, what existing sources and datasets were used and how mission indicators were generated. See attached research note for more detailed information. Condition Sets: Description By and large conditions sets that have been generated measure organizational assets for these NATO and EU missions, as well as patterns in their decision-making process. Two critical organizational assets used for both sets of missions are their annual operational budget and their annual deployed personnel. The dataset contains two control variables measuring operational legitimacy – number of contributing nations and number of UN resolutions passed in relevance to the situation in the area of deployment for the duration of the EU and NATO Mission. Operational Duration – duration of the operation (in months). For ongoing missions, we have used December 31, 2018 as the end date. All data reflect occurrences no later than December 31, 2018. Type of Operation – based on their mandate, operations are classified as civilian (coded as 0), military (coded as 1) and hybrid (i.e. with military and civilian components, coded as 0.5). Annual Operational Budget – total annual mission budget in USD. Sources include SIPRI yearbook and peace operations database. In cases of missing data from the SIPRI yearbook, mission factsheets and original data from the mission have been used. This latter technique applies for the following missions: AMUK, AVSEC, BAM1, BAM2, CAP1, CAP2, MAM1, NAVF1, NAVF2, TMC1, EUAMI. If data is reported in EUR, average exchange rate for the duration of the mission has been used to convert the cost. Data has been adjusted to reflect operational budget over a 12-month period. Average Annual Mission Personnel – it reflects the average total number of personnel/ staff supporting the NATO or EU peacebuilding mission per annum. Sources have been collected from SIPRI yearbook based on reportings for actual deployments on the ground. In cases when no data has been reported I the SIPRI yearbook/ peace operations dataset, mission factsheets and original data from the mission have been used. The data has been averaged and adjusted for a 12-month period. Days to Launch – describes the number of days needed from the time a decision has been made by the IO top decision-making body (the European Council and NAC) to launch the mission to the time that the mission is officially declared “operational.” If no declaration that the mission is “fully operational” exists, landmark indicators that the mission is fully operational include: ceremony on the ground marking the beginning of the mission, the appointment of mission commander or first recoded operational presence involving activity on the ground. Sources include official EU and NATO documents announcing the decision to create the peacebuilding operation as well as official documents, press releases and reports in reliable media outlets (including New Agencies) documenting an event that would indicate the mission is “fully operational.” Number of Contributing Nations –highest reported number of contributing nations for the duration of the NATO and the EU peacebuilding operation. UN Security Council Resolutions – total number of UN Security Council (UNSG) resolutions relevant for the area of conflict adopted for the duration of the NATO and the EU mission. In cases when UNSC resolutions are relevant for multiple NATO and EU peacebuilding missions those have been reported to all relevant missions. Outcome Sets: Description Outcome sets include various indicators created to measure operational efficacy. They include annual events contributing toward peace, conflict and the mission’s functioning, annual fatalities and annual deaths among mission personnel, as well as annual difference in fatalities. A more detailed description of these indicators is included below: Annual Peace Events – this is an annual indicator based on chronologically recorded events by the SIPRI yearbook that have contributed for the peace process in the conflict area where NATO and EU mission have been deployed. Examples of peace events include steps taken to contribute to the peace process (e.g. creation of buffer zone, cession of hostilities, meeting intended to cease fire or set up the peace process, political events related to or contributing toward the peace process and successful conclusion of a peace agreement. It may also include a decision of an international body (e.g. UN Security Council, UN General Assembly or UN Secretary General, as well as a decision made by the NATO and the EU D-M bodies that contributes toward the peace process in the areas where the mission operates. For ongoing missions is December 31, 2017 the last date when annual peace events are recoded. Annual Conflict Events -- this is an annual indicator based on chronologically recorded events by the SIPRI yearbook that have increased the conflict and the conflict potential in the area where NATO and EU mission have been deployed. Instances include resumption of hostilities among warring parties, occurrence of attacks, clashes, eruption of violence, the killing of civilians, military and peacemaking personnel and other violence-related events that contribute toward instability in the mission’s area. For ongoing missions is December 31, 2017 the last date when annual conflict events are recoded. Annual Mission-related Events -- this is an annual indicator based on chronologically recorded events by the SIPRI yearbook that measures events related to functioning of the mission – the decision to launch, the actual launch, implementation, transfer of authority and/ or mandate, transformation and termination of the mission. It also includes events that reflect decisions made by the contributing nations or sponsoring IOs intended to impact mission’s performances (e.g. decisions related to funding, control and command, transformation of mission mandate and rules and other similar events). For ongoing missions is December 31, 2017 the last date when annual mission-related events are recoded. Average Annual Fatalities – this indicator reports how many average annual civilian deaths have been recorded for the duration of the mission. The data is drawn from the Armed Conflict Dataset (ACD) managed by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies ( https://acd.iiss.org/member/datatools.aspx). Average Annual Mission Casualties – average annual number of deaths among peacebuilding personnel as reported in SIPRI yearbook/ peace operations database for the duration of the mission. Authors have used discretion to determine the accuracy in cases when there is discrepancy of reported data. Fatalities Annual Difference – an indicator of differenced annual data of civilian casualties on the ground for the duration of the mission. The indicator is calculated as follows: Differenced Fatalities = Ʃ (CasualtiesY1-Y2 … Casualties Yn-Y(n-1))/ Duration of the mission (in years). It is intended to capture improvement of situation on the ground as a result of presence of the peacebuilding effort. Condition Sets: Calibration and Rationale Annual Operational Budget – mission budget reflects resources USD 5 million or less indicate fully out while USD 100 million or more would indicate fully in. A budget of USD 30 should be the watershed borderline of “nether in, not out.” [5-100 million] Average Annual Mission Personnel – this indicator draws distinction between larger well-resourced missions and smaller missions with limited assets. By and large, missions with 20 personnel or less are fully out, while those with 20,000 or more are fully in. The borderline (net hither in, not out) is 130 people. Days to Launch – the speed with which the decision is taken indicates how decision-making operated in the case of this mission. D-M that took 5 days or less should be fully out (in, change direction) while D-M 150 days or more should be fully in (out, change direction). 30 days (1 month) should be the neither in, nor out border. Number of Contributing Nations –control indicator that demotes how high number of contributing nations contribute toward greater legitimacy (30 or more countries marks fully in), while 5 or fewer nations marks fully out. The “nether fully in, nor fully out” is at 15 nations. UN Security Council Resolutions – total number of UNSC resolutions can vary, fully out is at 0 resolutions while fully in at 50 or more. Since moist of the missions are shorter, Nether fully in, not fully out would be at 8 UNSC resolutions. [Inductive] Operational Duration – 1 year (12 months) denotes fully out (i.e. short-term mission) while 10 year 120 months denotes fully in; nether in not out would be for missions lasting 5 years (60 months). In other words, a decade is too long, a year is to short, five years is in the middle. Outcome Variables: Calibration and Rationale Annual Peace Events – this variable measures the occurrence of peace-related events – 0 events per annum is fully out; 10 events per annum is fully in. 1 event is nether in not out. Annual Conflict Events -- this variable measures the occurrence of conflict-related events – 0 events per annum is fully out; 10 events per annum is fully in. 1 event is nether in not out. Annual Mission-related Events -- this variable measures the occurrence of peace-related events – 0 events per annum is fully out; 10 events per annum is fully in. 0.5 event is nether in not out. Average Annual Fatalities – this set measures average number of annual fatalities for the duration of the mission. Cases with 0 fatalities are fully out; cases with 10,000 fatalities are fully in. 1,000 fatalities represent “nether in, not out” value. Fatalities Annual Difference – this is an indicator that measures the average year-to-year difference in number of fatalities for the duration of the conflict. -50 casualties is fully out (i.e. average growth of casualties by 50 per annum) as this indicator reflects low mission efficacy. 500 is fully in. This number indicates high efficacy; it denotes an average annual decline of casualties by 500 people. If the average number of casualties remains unchanged, then 0 denotes nether in, nor out. Average Annual Mission Casualties – this indicator measures average number of annual casualties for the duration of the mission. 0 casualties is fully out; 500 casualties is fully in. 0.5 is nether in, nor out.
    Creator/Author:
    Ivanov, Ivan
    Submitter:
    Ivan Ivanov
    Date Uploaded:
    08/04/2019
    Date Modified:
    08/06/2019
    Date Created:
    2019-08-01
    License:
    Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)

  • An Extended Comment on the Analysis of Risk-­‐Sensitive Foraging Among the Aché of Paraguay and a Brief Reply to Codding et al.

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    Type:
    Article
    Description/Abstract:
    Shortly after the comparative analysis of Codding et al. was published, I prepared a comment on the article that I submitted for publication. In response to feedback from the editors, I eventually revised the manuscript substantially. That revised version has now been published. In this paper, I share the original submission of the comment, which focuses on important considerations for future studies of risk-­‐ sensitive foraging. Meanwhile, Codding and his colleagues have published a response to my comment. They exhibit some confusion about my position, which they describe as “paradoxical.” In a reply to their response, I have therefore added some clarifying remarks at the end of this paper
    Creator/Author:
    Koster, Jeremy
    Submitter:
    Jeremy Koster
    Date Uploaded:
    07/26/2019
    Date Modified:
    07/26/2019
    Date Created:
    2012-03
    License:
    Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International

  • Impact of Interactive Software in Intro POL Courses

    Work
    Type:
    Dataset
    Description/Abstract:
    The aims of this study is to evaluate the impact of interactive student response software (SRS technology) in large introductory classes in Political Science taught at the University of Cincinnati. Getting the students engaged in these classes has been one of the main priorities of the College of Arts and Sciences. This study draws on data from Introduction to International Relations offerings from Fall 2012 to Spring 2018, some of which have used interactive software while others have not used any software. Additionally, some offerings have had an assigned supplemental instructor (IS) while others have not had SI. The overall aim is to evaluate whether these instructional innovations have helped improved student performance in this class. The main hypothesis tested during the study is that availability of SRS technology tends to improve student performance during exams. The secondary hypothesis is that the availability of more advanced (second-generation) student response technology (such as Echo 360) tends to improve students performance in class in comparison to earlier (first-generation) SRS devices (known as “clickers”). Background and significance The positive impact of SRS engagement technology on student performance the across different disciplines been well documented in the literature (Marlow et al 2009; Kam and Sommer 2006; Prezler et al 2007 and others). Most of the literature focuses on first generation student response system, also known as clickers (Elliott 2003; Riebens 2007; Crossgove and Curan 2008, Shapiro 2009). Some of the studies focus on the use of this technology without a control group (Beavers 2010; DeBourgh 2008; Kennedy and Cutts 2005; Sprague and Dahl 2010) while others discuss how personal response software impact student performance throughout the whole semester (Evans, 2012). This study differs from existing ones in several ways. First, by collecting data over 5-year period, not only can we compare groups of students using SRS systems with those who don’t but also we can compare offerings using first-generation SRS technology (e.g. the “clickers”) and those using second-generation SRS software (such as Echo 360) that contains more advanced interactive features. Second, the study allows comparison of the SRS impact on different course components and requirements. Third, it evaluates the impact of the student response system in combination with other techniques used in a large classroom such as supplemental instruction or SI. This new setting offers valuable insights about the impact of different types of SRS technology and other interactive techniques designed to engage students in large classrooms. Approach and Source of records Records for student performance collected throughout the whole semester for each student. Demographic information for the students enrolled in class collected from the course rosters and from the University of Cincinnati’s student information system Catalyst ( https://catalyst.uc.edu/). All records are electronic. Those that are not available on Catalyst but are generated as a part of the student performance are currently stored in excel format by the instructor and researcher in an external USB drive which is only accessible to the instructor and PI (same person). No other person has access to the data. The research does not involve the collection of data or other results from individuals that will be submitted to, or held for inspection by, the FDA. No part of the research involves any data that will be provided (in any form) to a pharmaceutical, medical device or biotech company.
    Creator/Author:
    Ivanov, Ivan
    Submitter:
    Ivan Ivanov
    Date Uploaded:
    07/24/2019
    Date Modified:
    07/24/2019
    Date Created:
    November 30, 2018
    License:
    All rights reserved

  • Aniba DNA sequence matrices

    Work
    Type:
    Dataset
    Description/Abstract:
    Matrices of DNA sequences used to generate the phylogeny of Aniba rosiodora and related species (Lauraceae) presented in the manuscript entitled "Chemical and genotypic variations in Aniba species from the Amazonian forest"
    Creator/Author:
    Tepe, Eric
    Submitter:
    Eric Tepe
    Date Uploaded:
    05/17/2019
    Date Modified:
    05/17/2019
    Date Created:
    2019-05-16
    License:
    Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)

  • Lessons From Publishing: Do Researchers in Developing Countries Receive Credit for Their Work? Panelist 5 - UC Data Day

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    Type:
    Document
    Description/Abstract:
    This talk was the first panelist in the Data Empowering Social Justice Session for the 4th Annual UC Data Day Conference hosted by UC Libraries. Theresa M. Culley, Professor and Head of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati Talk Title: Lessons From Publishing: Do Researchers in Developing Countries Receive Credit for Their Work? My laboratory is working to better understand if scientists in developing countries, where the majority of plant biodiversity occurs, are receiving proper scientific recognition for their research in the form of authorship in the peer-reviewed literature. We are also interested in promoting shared, accessible data that may be used in future studies to make novel advancements in the biological field. Our research thus far indicates that many scientists in developing countries are not being included in the published literature as authors
    Creator/Author:
    Culley, Theresa
    Submitter:
    Amy Koshoffer
    Date Uploaded:
    04/12/2019
    Date Modified:
    04/12/2019
    Date Created:
    2019-04-01
    License:
    Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

  • second round submission of Rainbow to NIST

    Work
    Type:
    Document
    Description/Abstract:
    Second round submission of Rainbow to NISt. Attached are two compressed files
    Creator/Author:
    Schmidt, Dieter Sam; Ding, Jintai; Yang, Bo-Yin; Petzoldt, Abrecht, and Chen, Ming-Shing
    Submitter:
    Dieter Sam Schmidt
    Date Uploaded:
    03/28/2019
    Date Modified:
    03/29/2019
    License:
    Public Domain Mark 1.0

  • The Research about Invariants of Ordinary Differential Equations

    Jq085m116?file=thumbnail
    Type:
    Document
    Description/Abstract:
    Abstract. Several basic relative invariants for homogeneous linear differential equations were discovered during the years shortly after 1878. Also, a basic relative invariant was found by Paul Appell in 1889 for a type of nonlinear differential equation. There was little progress during the years 1892--1988 as researchers who worked with homogeneous linear differential equations were unknowingly handicapped by the standard practice of introducing binomial coefficients in the writing of their equations. They thereby failed to develop adequate formulas for the coefficients of equations resulting from a change of the independent variable. Consequently, for relative invariants as the most important kind of invariant, progress was stymied. The notation was simplified in 1989, adequate transformation formulas were developed, and explicit expressions were deduced in 2002 for all of the basic relative invariants of homogeneous linear differential equations. In 2007, explicit formulas were obtained for all of the basic relative invariants of a type of ordinary differential equation involving two parameters m and n that represent positive integers. When n = 1 and m >= 3, the formulas specialize to provide all of the basic relative invariants for homogeneous linear differential equations of order m; and, when m = n = 2, they yield all three of the basic relative invariants for the equations of Paul Appell. A general method developed in 2014 combines two relative invariants of weights p and q for the same type of equation to explicitly obtain a relative invariant of weight p+q +r, for any r >= 0. With that, the principal problems about relative invariants have now been solved. This monograph provides clear perspective about the reformulation begun after 1988 and recently completed. Chapters 15 and 18 show how the major difficulties confronting earlier researchers have been overcome.
    Creator/Author:
    Chalkley, Roger
    Submitter:
    Roger Chalkley
    Date Uploaded:
    03/21/2019
    Date Modified:
    03/21/2019
    Date Created:
    2018-10-19
    License:
    All rights reserved

  • Strategies for Increasing Home Ownership in the City of Cincinnati

    Gx41mk04m?file=thumbnail
    Type:
    Document
    Description/Abstract:
    Cincinnati has one of the lowest home ownership rates in the country for cities of comparable size. Several other cities with low rates of home ownership in 1970 have managed to increase their rates two to four percent over the past 25 years, but the home ownership rate in Cincinnati has been stable over that period at 38 percent. The best explanation for Cincinnati’s low home ownership rate is that the topography of the city encouraged dense development involving multiple-unit structures up until World War II. When the highway programs of the post-war period opened up the suburbs to development, the city was already built-out and could not compete for new single-unit construction that the federal government was subsidizing on a massive scale. In the last 50 years, the Hamilton County suburbs have gained 140,000 owners while the number of owners in the city has decreased by 1,000. As a result, the home ownership rate in the Cincinnati metropolitan area is greater than the national rate for areas of comparable size (63 percent versus 61 percent) while the rate in the city is far less than the national rate. The City of Cincinnati faces a number of challenges in any effort to increase its home ownership rate. Government programs in other cities typically produce dozens of units a year, not the hundreds of units that Cincinnati needs to produce. In order to achieve even a modest increase in home ownership, the city will have to alter market forces in the direction of increased supply of housing suitable for owner-occupancy and increased demand for home ownership. In order to increase its rate of home ownership to 41 percent by the year 2010, the City of Cincinnati needs to adopt a four-part strategy: Increase the Supply of Units The market cannot produce new units on its own. The city needs to assemble and prepare sites in order to reduce the additional costs associated with building in the city as opposed to the suburbs. City Hall must continue to eliminate barriers to development and provide new services to builders. Cincinnati will not be able to increase the number of middle-class owners without creating new neighborhood areas with the appropriate mix of amenities. At the lower end of the owner-market, the city needs to move aggressively to convert abandoned structures into units people will want to buy and rehabilitate. Help Renters Become Owners While converting renters to owners is an essential component of an overall strategy, the City of Cincinnati must recognize that not everyone can be an owner and target its resources appropriately. The city does not have unlimited funds to change the cost equation of owning a home and will, therefore, have to learn from other cities how to work with lending institutions to increase the flow of dollars under Community Reinvestment Act initiatives. Other cities have had some limited success with programs to convert people renting duplex and condo units into owners. The city needs to increase the availability, extent and quality of education and counseling programs. Attract New Households to the City The city has to market its neighborhoods, and in some cases, smaller areas within neighborhoods. This will require market research, training programs for Realtors, investments in street furniture, increased services, publications extolling city neighborhoods, and programs comparable to the Living in Cleveland program. The city needs to start working cooperatively with the Cincinnati Public Schools. Specific market niches in which the city can hope to compete very successfully include the empty nesters, the gay and lesbian community, first time buyers, and people interested in downtown living. Maintain the Existing Pool of Owners About 75 percent of the time a home owner in Cincinnati sells and buys another home in the Cincinnati area, the home purchased will be in the suburbs. The city must create opportunities for the home seller to move up without moving out of the city. In addition to the above strategies, which involve the central city market, the City of Cincinnati needs to actively promote strategies that will help slow the rate of suburbanization and that will create low income housing opportunities in the suburbs. If suburbanization continues at the current rate, and if the city continues to be the governmental unit with de facto responsibility for low income housing, there is every reason to wonder if there is anything that the city can do to increase its rate of home ownership.
    Creator/Author:
    Howe, Steven
    Submitter:
    Steven Howe
    Date Uploaded:
    02/05/2019
    Date Modified:
    05/23/2019
    Date Created:
    1996-12
    License:
    Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International

  • Publication equality in conservation and plant genetics: The impact of neocolonialism in modern science

    Cn69m5141?file=thumbnail
    Type:
    Image
    Description/Abstract:
    This Poster describes a collaborative research project between the Culley and Tepe labs in the UC Department of Biology and UC Libraries Digital Scholarship Center presented at the 2017 UC Data Day ( https://libapps.libraries.uc.edu/blogs/dataday/past-data-days/). The project explores publication patterns of research involving hotspot areas of biodiversity and if researchers from developing countries which tend to have most of the biodiversity hotspots, are adequately represented as authors in the scientific literature indexed in Scopus (TM-Elsevier), JSTOR, and PubMed.
    Creator/Author:
    Tunison, Robert; Barreiro-Sanchez, José; Johnson, Arlene; Ammar, Marwa; Torres, Maria; Lee, James; Koshoffer, Amy; Merritt, Benjamin; Culley, Theresa; Tepe, Eric; Elam, Robert, and Philpott, Megan
    Submitter:
    Amy Koshoffer
    Date Uploaded:
    10/27/2018
    Date Modified:
    05/23/2019
    Date Created:
    2017-03
    License:
    Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

  • Poster for Ignacio García May seminar on recent staging by the Compañia Nacional de Teatro Clásico

    2j62s574v?file=thumbnail
    Type:
    Image
    Description/Abstract:
    1 page. This work is part of a graduate project for SPAN 8062, Fall 2013 with Dr. Andrés Pérez-Simón. The seminar was funded by the Taft Research Center.
    Creator/Author:
    University of Cincinnati. Charles Phelps Taft Research Center
    Submitter:
    Andres Perez-Simon
    Date Uploaded:
    09/21/2018
    Date Modified:
    09/21/2018
    Date Created:
    2014
    License:
    Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International