Varieties of International Cyber Strategies (VoICS): Text Analysis of National Cybersecurity Documents is a project that compares and contrasts the three main approaches to conceptualize national cybersecurity strategies (NSS): deterrence, norm-based approach (NBA) and cyber persistence engagement (CPE). Scholars and policymakers have initially conceptualized NSS in terms of deterrence or NBA. More recent academic research has demonstrated that these frameworks are inadequate for cyber space. As a result, Cyber Persistence Engagement (CPE) emerged as a third option.
The first version (1.0) of the VoICS database on National Cybersecurity Strategies focuses on nations in Europe and North America and includes a total of 77 NCS of the states in the North Atlantic Area—NATO allies, EU members and Switzerland—released from 2003 until the end of 2023. It consists of 27 variables, including country and strategy identifiers, EU and NATO membership, their respective accession dates, and total length of the documents. VoICS include eighteen variables representing different measures of relative and absolute weights of the three NSS types—deterrence, NBA and CPE.
The text analysis is based on official NSS documents provided by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence library (2024) and ENISA’s interactive map for National Cyber Security Strategies (2023). Both sources rely on voluntary submission from the member states. Unfortunately, some official documents were not available or accessible or were not listed at all. Authors have used various sources and contacts with a variety of cyber attachés in Brussels to determine if any additional strategies were released and to obtain the missing documents.
The 18 text analysis variables compare and contrast the extent to which different NCS are associated with a specific strategy. They represent different frequency scores based either on words, phrases, or words and phrases combined. These calculations are associated with either deterrence, NBA, or CPE in each strategy. The authors have generated respective vocabularies for the three strategic ideas through which each of these approaches are operationalized. We have conducted a text analysis using WordStat text analysis software by Provialis ( https://provalisresearch.com/products/content-analysis-software/). A detailed codebook for NSS Dataset 1.0 along with a NSS Dictionary 1.0 have been included in this collection/ repository.
The process of generating vocabulary associated with the three cybersecurity approaches involved several steps. First, upon reviewing the literature, the authors generated independently a list of words and phrases associated with each type of cybersecurity strategy. Second, the authors compared their lists to determine the degree of overlap in vocabulary. Those words and phrases that included in at least two different lists were reviewed and, if there was consensus, were incorporated in the dictionary. Finally, words and phrases which were identified in only one of lists were once again reviewed and, in case there was a consensus among the authors, these were also included in the dictionary. Third, the three vocabularies were updated on several instances when it was unanimously agreed that these words or phrases should be included in the analysis.
This is a dataset generated as a part of a research project studying the changing support among European Union (EU) members for the war in Ukraine. The dataset contains a number of conditions (variables) used to conduct fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to test five critical conditions that have shaped the change in public opinion that include economic growth, democratic rule, distance from the front lines, level of energy dependence from Russia and trust in social media. These conditions (or variables) include:
Num: Case number in the row
MEMBR: EU member state two or three-letter abbreviation
WEALTH: GDP per capita in Euro (measured in purchasing power parties) as reported by Eurostat
GROWTH: GDP growth in volume based on seasonally adjusted data by Eurostat
DEMOCR: the overall score for each EU member’s democracy index for 2022. Data have been drawn from the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) 2022 report
DISTAN: an average distance (in thousand kilometers) from the geographic center point of the national capital of each EU member-state to the south-western and north-eastern tips of the frontline of the war in Ukraine. I have accepted that the western tip of the frontline is Kinburnsʹka Kosa National Park (Geographic Coordinates: 46°34’37”N 31°30’44”E) and the eastern tip of the frontline is at the village of Topoli in Kharkiv Oblast (Geographic Coordinates: 49°57’52″N, 37°54′31″E).
TRADE: volume of trade with Russia per capita in thousand of US Dollars.
ENERGY: EU energy dependence on Russia as estmated by the European Commission (from 0 to 100 percent) for 2020. Source: Eurostat.
GOVTR: Net trust in national government (difference between the sum of fully trust and partially trust responses and fully distrust and partially distrust responses).
MEDIATR: Net trust in social media (difference between the sum of fully trust and partially trust responses and fully distrust and partially distrust responses).
ECONSAN: Difference in support for economic sanctions on Russia, Spring 2022-Spring 2024 (difference between the sum of tend to agree and totally agree with economic sanctions and partially disagree and totally disagree with sanctions responses).
EQUIPS: Difference in support for financial support for providing military equipment for Ukraine, Spring 2022-Spring 2024 (difference between the sum of tend to agree and totally agree with financial support for equipment and partially disagree and totally disagree with support for equipment).
HUMSAN: Difference in support for humanitarian support for Ukrainians fleeing the war, Spring 2022-Spring 2024 (difference between the sum of tend to agree and totally agree with humanitarian support for Ukrainians and partially disagree and totally disagree with humanitarian support for Ukrainians).
REFUG: Difference in support for welcoming Ukrainian refugees, Spring 2022-Spring 2024 (difference between the sum of tend to agree and totally agree with welcoming Ukrainian and partially disagree and totally disagree with welcoming Ukrainian refugees).
AVCHNG: Difference in average change of the support for Ukraine and economic sanctions on Russia, Spring 2022-Spring 2024.
WEALTH1: Calibrated score for national wealth (see paper for details)
GROWT1: Calibrated score for economic growth (see paper for details)
DEMOCR1: Calibrated score for democracy (see paper for details)
DISTAN1: Calibrated score for distance (see paper for details)
TRADE1: Calibrated score for trade (see paper for details)
RENERG1: Calibrated score for energy dependence (see paper for details)
GOVTR1: Calibrated score for trust in governance (see paper for details)
RMEDIATR1: Calibrated score for trust in social media (see paper for details)
ECONSAN1: Calibrated score for support for economic sanctions on Russia (see paper for details, calibration the same as AVCHNG3)
MDIASAN1: Calibrated score for media sanctions on Russia (see paper for details, calibration the same as AVCHNG3)
AVCHNG3: Calibrated score for average change/ decline for public opinion (see paper for details)
Raw data for: Siers, S.R., Mungaray, J.-C., Kastner, M. & Jayne, B.C. (2025) Hard to swallow: scaling relationships between the size of avian prey and the overall size and maximal gape of brown treesnakes. Ecology and Evolution (in revision). (BCJ corresponding author)
Forest settings can provide emotional and physical stimulation that can effectively calm the nervous system and regulate responses to the effects of trauma. By exposing a population to a nearby temperate forest, measures can be made regarding the overall reaction to being in the presence of a forest specific environment. It is expected that the response to the experiences of forest engagement and exposure will present positive and increase the overall well-being of participants.
"Organizational Response to Emerging Threats" is a project that addresses three separate threat areas -- cybersecurity, peacekeeping and energy security. The data collection for cybersecurity and energy security has been completed. As of June 2019, the data collection for peacekeeping is ongoing. The project documents are organized around three topics, reflected in the filenames -- cybersecurity, peacekeeping and energy security.
The overall purpose/rationale of this research project is to develop a framework that explains how different international organizations (IOs) respond to various emerging threats in international relations. These threats can vary and include cybersecurity, energy security, food security, environmental security, and others. For the purpose of our study we focus on two major variables explaining organizational response: (1) IOs’ capacity to acquire and deploy organizational assets (also referred to as asset fungibility), and; (2) IOs’ ability to make swift decisions in response to changing internal and external environments. Drawing from primary sources including interviews with NATO and EU officials, we suggest a new model explaining when organizations are better equipped at addressing cyber threats, when they have capacity to response more effectively, and what they could do to improve their organizational responses in this area.
The QDR repository contains interviews with policy makers and senior bureaucrats conducted in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 in Brussels, Belgium, and the Hague, the Netherlands. These interviews have been conducted in person or over skype. Approval to conduct interviews has been granted by the University of Cincinnati's IRB (Study ID: 2018-3371.
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1996-97), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Ecologue newsletters (1990-2008). Originally subtitled "A Newsletter for Environmental Advocacy," this mail-out newsletter provided vital news and information to interested readers concerning the emerging field of environmental communication, the Conference on Communication and Environment, and the formation of a new commission (then Division) within the National Communication Association. Editors included Robert Cox (1990), Carol Corbin (1991-92), Michael Netzley (1993-95), Star Muir (1997), Terence Check (1999-2000), and Tracy Milburn (2007-08).
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Communication for the Commons: Revisiting Participation and Environment. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Mark S. Meisner, Nadarajah Sriskandarajah, Stephen Depoe. Published in 2015.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), El Paso TX. Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), El Paso TX. Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), El Paso TX. Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), El Paso TX. Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, and Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, and Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, and Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Across Borders and Environments: Communication and Environmental Justice in International Contexts. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE). Editors: Stacey Sowards, Kyle Alvarado, Diana Arrieta, and Jacob Barde. Published in February 2012.
Communication at the Intersection of Nature and Culture: Proceedings of the 9th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Chicago IL. Editors: Barb Willard and Chris Green. Published in August 2008.
Communication at the Intersection of Nature and Culture: Proceedings of the 9th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Chicago IL. Editors: Barb Willard and Chris Green. Published in August 2008. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Communication at the Intersection of Nature and Culture: Proceedings of the 9th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Chicago IL. Editors: Barb Willard and Chris Green. Published in August 2008.
Environmental Communication as Nexus: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Portland ME. Editors: Eleanor Seitz, Travis P. Wagner, and Laura Lindenfeld. Published in February 2010. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 8th 2005 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Jekyll Island GA. Editors: Lisa Slawter Volkening, Emily Plec, William Griswold, Kevin DeLuca. Published in June 2007. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 6th Biennial 2001 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Cincinnati OH. Editors: Marie-France Aepli, John W. Delicath, Stephen Depoe. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 5th Biennial 1999 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Flagstaff AZ. Editors: C. Brant Short and Dayle Hardy-Short. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 4th Biennial 1997 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Syracuse NY. Editor: Susan L. Senecah. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 1995 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Chattanooga TN. Editors: David B. Sachsman, Kandice Salomone, Susan Senecah. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Communication and Environment (COCE), Big Sky MT. Editors: James G. Cantrill and M. Jimmie Killingsworth. Individual authors retain all publication rights.
This microsatellite dataset was constructed using eight microsatellite loci with 270 individual samples, representing wild population of Euonymus fortunei in Ohio, Kentucky, Kansas, and Minnesota. Also represented are multiple individuals from several Euonymus cultivars and also wild E. alatus (burning bush) from Ohio. This database is published as Elam RJ and Culley TM (2023) Genetic Analysis of Invasive Spread of Euonymus fortunei (Wintercreeper), a Popular Ornamental Groundcover. Invasive Plant Science and Management.
An exploration of the use of virtual reality technology in the context of diversity and inclusion training. This manuscript describes two studies: Study 1 was longitudinal and investigated the impacts of a VR-based bias training. Cognitive and affective empathy levels and impact on behavior, attitude, and knowledge before and after the training were measured to test the hypotheses that (H1) cognitive empathy levels would increase and (H2) individuals with higher initial levels of empathy would demonstrate more pronounced changes in cognitive empathy following the training. H1 was supported but larger changes were found in affective empathy levels. H2 was also supported as individuals with higher initial empathy levels showed higher levels of cognitive empathy after the training compared to individuals with lower initial empathy levels. However, again, larger differences were found in affective empathy levels. Qualitative data revealed a lasting impact nine weeks after the training that was not present in the quantitative data. Study 2 surveyed healthcare professionals who previously participated in a VR-based DEI training that focused on social determinants of health and empathy in healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the longitudinal impacts of a VR-based DEI training by gathering qualitative data from the participants at least a year after they went through the training. The respondents reported a lasting influence from the training. Reasons for the discrepancy between the qualitative and quantitative results are discussed as are implications for organizations and future DEI training development and research.
Volume 52 (Spring 2022). Special Issue on José Saramago. Guest Editor: Carlos Nogueira (Cátedra José Saramago–UTAD / Cátedra José Saramago–Universidade de Vigo)
This is a biography of the Shawnee tribal chief Tecumseh. The early childhood of Tecumseh is researched all the way to his death at the Battle of Thames in 1813 in this biography that sticks to the truth and cites sources from different authors. Originally this research project was just a capstone project for a class but as the research accumulated, I found the need to create this biography about Tecumseh. Tecumseh made a confederation of like-minded tribes to combat the encroaching United States' government in the late 18th century and early 19th century. All the information that is presented in the biography has been researched and edited. With more than 50 hours of research involved with this biography, the historical contributions regarding The War of 1812 are noteworthy and the contributions made regarding the killer of Tecumseh are found in this biography as well. This isn't a complete overview of Tecumseh's life, but rather this biography details the life of a Shawnee in a time rich with civil strife during the expansion of the United States after the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Heritage Village Musuem in Sharonville, Ohio allowed for me to intern during the summer of 2022 to bolster the accuracy of this biography.
Data generated from a survey of problematic plants (species and cultivars) identified in seven public gardens in the Midwestern United States and Canada. Included are: (1) List of 881 plant taxa identified as problematic in the seven different public gardens; cultivars are presented individually and not collapsed within species; (2) Collapsed list in which cultivars have been subsumed under plant species; (3) List of only cultivars identified as problematic.
