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Filtering by: Creator/Author Greis, Kenneth D. Remove constraint Creator/Author: Greis, Kenneth D. Subject Biology Remove constraint Subject: Biology

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  • Mechanism of insulin sensitization by BMOV (bis maltolato oxo vanadium); unliganded vanadium (VO4) as the active component

    Article thumbnail: Mechanism of insulin sensitization by BMOV (bis maltolato oxo vanadium); unliganded vanadium (VO4) as the active component
    Type:
    Article
    Description/Abstract:
    Organovanadium compounds have been shown to be insulin sensitizers in vitro and in vivo. One potential biochemical mechanism for insulin sensitization by these compounds is that they inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that negatively regulate insulin receptor activation and signaling. In this study, bismaltolato oxovanadium (BMOV), a potent insulin sensitizer, was shown to be a reversible, competitive phosphatase inhibitor that inhibited phosphatase activity in cultured cells and enhanced insulin receptor activation in vivo. NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies of the interaction of BMOV with two different phosphatases, HCPTPA (human low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase) and PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B), demonstrated uncomplexed vanadium (VO ) in the active site. Taken together, these findings support phosphatase inhibition as a mechanism for insulin sensitization by BMOV 4 and other organovanadium compounds and strongly suggest that uncomplexed vanadium is the active component of these compounds.
    Creator/Author:
    Diven, Conrad; Peters, Kevin G.; Evdokimov, Artem; Howard, Brian W.; Soper, Shari; Genbauffe, Frank; Greis, Kenneth D.; Rastogi, Vinit; Eby-Wilkens, Elaine; Pokross, Matthew, and Maier, Matthew
    Submitter:
    Kenneth Greis
    Date Uploaded:
    03/01/2017
    Date Modified:
    04/07/2017
    Date Created:
    2003-09
    License:
    All rights reserved

  • Refined Structure of the Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani

    Article thumbnail: Refined Structure of the Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani
    Type:
    Article
    Description/Abstract:
    The primary structure of the major surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania donovani parasites, a lipophosphoglycan, has been further characterized. The repeating PO4-6Galp beta 1-4Man disaccharide units, which are a salient feature of the molecule, are shown to terminate with one of several neutral structures, the most abundant of which is the branched trisaccharide Galp beta 1-4(Manp alpha 1-2)Man. The phosphosaccharide core of lipophosphoglycan, which links the disaccharide repeats to a lipid anchor, contains 2 phosphate residues. One of the core phosphates has previously been localized on O-6 of the galactosyl residue distal to the lipid anchor; the second phosphate is now shown to be on O-6 of the mannosyl residue distal to the anchor and to bear an alpha-linked glucopyranosyl residue. Also, the anomeric configuration of the unusual 3-substituted Galf residue in the phosphosaccharide core is established as beta. The complete structure of the core is thus PO4-6Galp alpha 1-6Galp alpha 1-3Galf beta 1-3[Glcp alpha 1-PO4-6]Manp alpha 1-3Manp alpha 1-4GlcN alpha 1-. This further clarification of the structure of lipophosphoglycan may prove beneficial in determining the structure-function relationships of this highly unusual glycoconjugate.
    Creator/Author:
    Ferguson, Michael A. J.; Turco, Salvatore J.; Thomas, Jerry R.; Gorin, Philip A. J.; Homans, Steven W.; McConville, Malcom J.; Greis, Kenneth D., and Thomas-Oates, Jane E.
    Submitter:
    Kenneth Greis
    Date Uploaded:
    03/01/2017
    Date Modified:
    04/07/2017
    Date Created:
    1992-05
    License:
    All rights reserved

  • Purification and Characterization an Extracellular Phosphoglycan from Leishmania donovani

    Article thumbnail: Purification and Characterization an Extracellular Phosphoglycan from Leishmania donovani
    Type:
    Article
    Description/Abstract:
    An extracellular phosphoglycan (exPG), present in the culturem edium of the promastigote form L oefi shmania donovani, was purified and structurally characterized. The purification scheme included ethanol precipitation of the culture medium, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, and preparative polyacrylamgeild e electrophoresis. Structural analysis by ‘H-’H NMR, methylation linkage analysis, and glycosidase digestion revealed that the exPG consisted of thfoel lowing structure: (CAP)+[P04-6Galp@1-4Manpal]lo-11-POr6GalpB1-4Man. The capw as found to be ones eovf eral small, neutral oligosaccharides, the most abundant of which was the trisaccharide Galp@l-4(Manpal-2)Man. The results indicated structural analogy to the cellular-derived lipophosphoglycan (LPG) from L. donovani. The important exceptions are a lacko f the lipid anchor, the entire phosphosaccharide core, and several of the repeating disaccharide units. Although the function of exPGis presently unknowni,t may play a protective role for the promastigote in the insect vector or during infection of a mammalian host
    Creator/Author:
    Turco, Salvatore J.; Thomas, Jerry R.; Homans, Steven W.; Ferguson, Michael A.; McConville, Malcolm J., and Greis, Kenneth D.
    Submitter:
    Kenneth Greis
    Date Uploaded:
    03/01/2017
    Date Modified:
    04/07/2017
    Date Created:
    1992-04
    License:
    All rights reserved

  • An effective skeletal muscle prefractionation method to remove abundant structural proteins for optimized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

    Article thumbnail: An effective skeletal muscle prefractionation method to remove abundant structural proteins for optimized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
    Type:
    Article
    Description/Abstract:
    Proteomic analysis of biological samples in disease models or therapeutic intervention studies requires the ability to detect and identify biologically relevant proteins present in relatively low concentrations. The detection and analysis of these low-level proteins is hindered by the presence of a few proteins that are expressed in relatively high concentrations. In the case of muscle tissue, highly abundant structural proteins, such as actin, myosin, and tropomyosin, compromise the detection and analysis of more biologically relevant proteins. We have developed a practical protocol which exploits high-pH extraction to reduce or remove abundant structural proteins from skeletal muscle crude membrane preparations in a manner suitable for two dimensional gel electrophoresis. An initial whole-cell muscle lysate is generated by homogenization of powdered tissue in Tris-base. This lysate is subsequently partitioned into a supernatant and pellet containing the majority of structural proteins. Treatment of the pellet with high-pH conditions effectively releases structural proteins from membrane compartments which are then removed through ultracentrifugation. Mass spectrometric identification shows that the majority of protein spots reduced or removed by high-pH treatment were contractile proteins or contractile-related proteins. Removal of these proteins enabled successful detection and identification of minor proteins. Structural protein removal also results in significant improvement of gel quality and the ability to load higher amounts of total protein for the detection of lower abundant protein classes.
    Creator/Author:
    Wang, Feng; Jarrold, Bradley; Burt, Thomas; DeMuth, Jeffrey, and Greis, Kenneth D.
    Submitter:
    Kenneth Greis
    Date Uploaded:
    03/01/2017
    Date Modified:
    04/07/2017
    Date Created:
    2005-06
    License:
    All rights reserved