No edition or printing information is available in this copy. Written by Reverend Charles Adams, Principal of Newbury Seminary, a high school and literary institution. This system of grammar was created by the author for use in his own classes. It is based on the work of Lindley Murray, whose works on English grammar were published in the last decade of the 18th century. The author has endeavored to improve upon its definitions where possible. It provides four divisions of grammar: Orthography, Etymology, Syntax and Prosody. Orthography covers the nature of letters and proper spelling. Etymology covers the classifications of words with accompanying examples. Rules of syntax are accompanied with correct and incorrect examples. Prosody has two parts: pronunciation, comprising accent, quantity, emphasis, pause, and tone, and the laws of versification, which is the arrangement of syllables. Laws of punctuation are included. The text ends with eleven chapters of example texts that serve as exercises in parsing.
The Schultz Archive includes the complete text with minimal disruptions in quality. There are very rare instances of highlighting which obscures the readability; however, the text is otherwise impeccable.
No edition or printing information is available on this copy. The author, Israel Alger Jr., was a school teacher in Boston with a Master of Arts degree. This work was approved for use in Boston schools by the School Committee of Boston. This work is an “enlargement” of Lindley Murray’s grammar textbook with exercises. It is sectioned as exercises in parsing, exercises in etymology, exercises in syntax, exercises in punctuation, and exercises to promote perspicuous and accurate writing. This last section includes exercises in writing focusing on rules of purity, propriety, precision, clearness, unity, strength and figures of speech. The exercises are incorrect examples that violate these rules.
No edition or printing information is included on this copy. No author is credited, although Whitney, Jocelyn, and Annin are credited as illustrators. It includes basic information on composing, including advice on penmanship, titling, margins, paragraphs, spelling, capital letters, punctuation, arranging sentences, style (purity, precision, clearness, strength, harmony, unity), and modes (debates, letters). The majority of the text is a collection of ornate illustrations for the purpose of aiding composition development. Each illustration is accompanied with advice on how to elaborate on subjects within the illustration.
No edition or printing information is given on this copy. The author alludes to the fact that he is a teacher in the preface where he addresses the audience as his “fellow teachers.” Badgley's work is a grammar textbook for school children that emphasizes object teaching and working with the familiar in order to promote a better understanding of the English language. Badgely states the instruction is drawn from nature and uses the inductive and synthetic method. It moves from facts and things to general truths and from arranging words into sentences to analysis. “Ideas and thoughts precede expression.” The sections are grammar and the parts of speech; classification and variation of nouns and pronouns, adjectives and adverbs; analysis of sentences and syntactical parsing; and syntax (a list of rules and exercises of violation of these rules).The book provides exercises in the form of staged conversations in order to better relate to the students. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text in very good condition.
Stated as the tenth edition on the cover page. Reverend R. W. Bailey is stated as having a Master of Arts degree and in the preface it states he taught English youth for over thirty years. Bailey's English Grammar is a fairly standard grammar handbook from the nineteenth century. The author acknowledges the myriad grammar handbooks that precede his own, but explains that his book serves as a kind of aggregate of such manuals. It divides grammar into four parts: orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. It gives three classes of words: nouns, verbs, and adverbs. The handbook includes fairly detailed sections on many of the parts of speech. It says its method of parsing is analytic rather than synthetic, but philosophic and inductive. The end of each section has a review. The preface states an interest in a pure English. The Schultz Archive only includes a brief excerpt (the cover page, preface, contents and a few snippets of text), but they are good quality.
No printing or edition information is provided on this copy. Rufus W. Bailey has a Master of Arts degree, but his status as a reverend is omitted on this text. He was a teacher for over thirty years. The prefaces states this book is for mothers, fathers, elder brothers and sisters, and female teachers employed in primary and public schools. A grammar handbook for younger students that features various modes of examples such as lists or mock conversations. It argues that children learn nouns first, then verbs, and then the combining of these two in sentences. Part one teachers sentence structure and parts of speech; part two, etymology; part three, syntax; part four, rules of punctuation, orthography, and a dictionary of english grammar. It does not use exercises of correcting false grammar, as the author believes those are unhelpful. The Schultz Archive's copy is the complete text.
1887 printing of the revised American edition. The copyright page states it was registered in 1866. Alexander Bain had a Master of Arts and was Professor of Logic in the University of Aberdeen. It states an interest in methodizing instruction in english composition, stating that little can be done to cultivate students' fund of expression, but that they can be taught to discriminate between good and bad expression. Rhetoric is defined as "the means whereby language, spoken or written, may be rendered effective." The text is divided into two parts. Part one deals with composition in general, particularly figures of speech, qualities of style, the sentence, and the paragraph. Part two deal with five kinds or modes of composition: description, narration (historical composition), exposition (science), oratory (persuasion), and poetry. Its rules and principles are accompanied with examples from canonical texts. It also includes analyzed extracts in its appendix. The Schultz Archive's copy is the complete text.
1884 printing of the revised American edition of Bain's rhetorical manual focused on style, structure, and modes. The copyright page states it was registered in 1866. Alexander Bain had a Master of Arts and was Professor of Logic in the University of Aberdeen. It states an interest in methodizing instruction in english composition, stating that little can be done to cultivate students' fund of expression, but that they can be taught to discriminate between good and bad expression. Rhetoric is defined as "the means whereby language, spoken or written, may be rendered effective." The text is divided into two parts. Part one deals with composition in general, particularly figures of speech, qualities of style, the sentence, and the paragraph. Part two deal with five kinds or modes of composition: description, narration (historical composition), exposition (science), oratory (persuasion), and poetry. Its rules and principles are accompanied with examples from canonical texts. It also includes analyzed extracts in its appendix. Although it has not been digitzed, the Schultz Archive's hardcopy is the complete text. It is identical to the 1887 printing (that is digitzed), excepting paratextual advertisements.
1887 printing of the enlarged edition of the first part of Bain's English Composition and Rhetoric. Alexander Bain is a Doctor of Laws of English and Emeritus Professor of Logic in the University of Aberdeen.The first part, Intellectual Elements of Style (included here), is focused on "Elements of Style that concern the understanding." The second part is about the "emotional qualities." This "re-modeling" is designed to narrow the scope and devote more attention to certain portions chosen for their utility. Its topics are order of words; number of words; the sentence; the paragraph; figures of speech; and the qualities of style: clearness, simplicity, impressiveness, and picturesqueness. Bain states that these topics are expounded, exemplified, and applied to the arts of criticism and composition. Bain has somewhat reordered the contents that was previously sectioned under the kinds of composition (description, narration, exposition, oratory). The Schultz Archive copy is the complete text of part first of the enlarged edition.
No information regarding edition or printing is in the copy. No information on the author is provided. Balch's addition to the list of grammar handbooks seeks to improve the methods of grammar instruction by rendering language study more scientific (and less like an art) and less focused on mere rule memorization. The author hopes that such a transformation will make the study of grammar more interesting for high school students because they will be encouraged to create their own models. He is interested in "the essential principles of human speech and the best method of constructing sentences according to the idiom of the English language." The preface also interestingly states that "[t]he inseparable connexion between words, ideas, and things, is carefully observed." The Schultz Archive only includes a brief excerpt of the cover page, contents, preface, introduction and a short section of text. The text is legible, but some highlighting does obscure throughout.
No information on edition or printing is on this copy. The title state the author is an instructor.
Balch's primary school grammar handbook wishes to change the manner in which grammar is taught to schoolchildren. Instead of expecting them to memorize and apply myriad rules in which they are not interested, Balch believes children's natural interest should be fostered by the usage of familiar things to teach. The Schultz Archive only includes a very brief excerpt of the cover page and preface. The quality is poor, but everything is legible.
1870 printing of the 1870 copyrighted text, a revised edition of the Common School Grammar, and Introductory to the Practical Grammar.The author is credited as Peter Bullions, Doctor of Divinity, and the author of the Series of English, Latin, and Greek Grammars, and Latin and Greek Readers. Bullions's School Grammar is designed to have a high level of practicality for the students who use the text. In the preface, the author identifies the primary audience for this text to be young students who do not have time to devote to more detailed grammar handbooks. The text is organized into orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody (prosody is very brief). Emphasis is put on comprehension and application. Within each lesson, explanations are followed with illustrations, then observations, questions, and exercises in application. The teacher is instructed to supplement the text as necessary with any information that s/he does not find in this book. The Schultz Archive includes a mostly complete text with a number of issues. The scans are mostly legible, but there are a number of pages that are repeated, missing, out of order or upside down.
1854 printing of 1853 copyrighted text (A new edition revised and corrected). The author is credited as a Doctor of Divinity and as the author of the series of grammars, English, Latin, and Greek, on the same plan. Designed as a small work on Grammar, suited for children younger than the usual age for grammar instruction (up to twelve or fourteen). Four sections: orthography, etymology, syntax and prosody. Each lesson has the following order: definitions and rules to be memorized (in large type), subordinate matter to be studied (in small type), a series of questions on the preceding, and practical exercises. Principles of grammar are connected to principles in composition in each lesson. Some illustrations appear in the etymology section. Very similar to Bullions's School Grammar, although it contains roughly thirty fewer pages than that later text. Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1865 printing of the copyrighted 1865 text. The author is credited as the author of two other works on teaching. A guide on how to teach developing children with the "things around them." A presentation on the abilities and strengths of youth that might otherwise be ignored. The author of this text advocates education through the observation of familiar objects. His claim is that young children would learn all things more effectively if they were to learn by doing as opposed to learning through rote memorization and drilling of mechanics. It advocates for parents taking up the roll of aiding in children's intellectual development. The text offers a variety of potential learning experiences with familiar objects such as grocery shelves or animals and advances on to adult subject such as newspaper reform and partisan calumnies. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (except pages 132-33, which are missing). The text is legible, but some of the scans are low quality, which makes them difficult to read.
No printing date given. Copyrighted in 1859. The author is credited as having Master of Arts degree. Burtt professes that his grammar will be practical and clear for high school and college students who need to learn the basic principles of English grammar. The text begins with basic orthography and etymology and progress through syntax, among other principles, to arrive at the application of English grammar principles to prosody. Burtt's text offers numerous examples for students that he claims will make learning the principles of English grammar simple for any student. Questions and exercises are used throughout, including exercising in parsing. The syntax section has examples of false syntax to be corrected and samples for syntax analysis. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (although the cover page repeats and page 65 is partly blanked out). Aside from the previously mentioned issues, the text is in good condition.
1873 printing of the 1873 copyrighted text. The author is credited as having a Master of Arts degree, as Principal of the Ralston School in Pittsburgh, and as the author of two other books on grammar. Burtt's Primary Grammar is intended to be a supplemental work for his text Practical Grammar. Primary Grammar, Burtt professes, will simply and practically present the basics of English grammar by providing definitions, exercises, examples, models and questions to assist in the application of parsing and other grammatical concerns. The text advocates students be required to recite answers in complete sentences. The work has three sections: introduction, parts of speech, and analysis of sentences. The analysis of sentences section has false syntax for correcting and examples for parsing and analysis. The Schultz Archive includes up to page 49, where it abruptly ends, and the scans are all good quality.
1900 printing of the 1899 copyrighted text. William B. Cairns is credited as having a Ph.D. and as Instructor in English in the University of Wisconsin. A thorough guide that divides its focus on style and invention. Cairns's text seeks to teach rhetoric in a familiar way without introducing new terms or definitions. He argues principles are dependent on usage and that style and invention should be treated together. Style and invention have independent sections, but each contain cross references to the other. Long illustrative texts are used rather than scattered short ones and appear at the end of chapters. Part one, style, has two chapters: Language determined by usage, and language adapted to the Needs of the reader. The first covers spelling, grammar, and word usage. Chapter two covers qualities of style (clearness, force, ease, unity) and a section of qualities expressed in full sentences. Part 2, invention, has chapters on narration, description, exposition, argumentation, and persuasion. The prefaces credits Genung and A. S. Hill as influences.The Schultz Archive includes the complete text, and the scans are fairly good quality.
The second edition, printed 1859, copyrighted 1858. The work begins with twenty pages of certificates: words of praise from various people. A grammar handbook aimed at a wide audience of readers who wish to become "grammarians." Based on Lindley Murray's Grammar and the work of Samuel Kirkham, the author seeks to establish a more effective and systematic method of teaching students to parse and correct. For each grammatical principle Caldwell offers a number of questions and answers to elucidate the system of grammar. Students are expected to memorize the answers (the rules). Examples of false orthography, false syntax, and false punctuation are used to teach correcting. The Schultz Archive only includes a brief excerpt, but the scans are good quality. However, some highlighter obscures text throughout.
1877 printing of 1877 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Primary Object-Lessons. A guide based on the notion that student knowledge is experienced, not memorized and recited. Each chapter focuses on an object or location that relates to real life experience. Calkins's Manual for Teachers is intended as a supplement for another textbook based on object teaching. The purpose of this supplemental text is to inform teachers of the best ways to teach using the text. The text accomplishes this by suggesting a variety of lessons for each grade level of primary school. The actual text seeks to teach young students practically by teaching them the systematic examination of real objects. Examples from trades and occupations are used to create a desire in students to learns about these occupations and how each contributes to the common welfare. It uses The Schultz Archive includes the complete text, and it is good quality. However, the bottoms of each page seem to be cut off.
Parker is credited as Colonial Anglican clergyman at Boston, Second Bishop of Massachusetts, and supporter of Samuel Seabury of Connecticut. The title page states his correspondence has been calendared, summarized and indexed. The introduction states the volume will "enlarge our perspectives on the whole Colonial Church and the formation of the early National Church." The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1902 printing of the 1900 copyrighted work. The first high school course was initially published separately in 1899. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition in Columbia University. This text by Carpenter builds on his previous Exercises in Rhetoric and English Composition that was published roughly 10 years prior. Based on the conclusions of the committees of ten and fifteen, the author is working from the conclusions that students in high school should received the same rhetorical training as those in college; that training should be at least two years; the first course should focus on words and the structure of sentences and paragraphs, and the second should focus on the main principles of exposition, narration, description, and (perhaps) argument; that students have abundant practice in applying principles; that correctness, clearness, directness, and simplicity of style should be emphasized. The author credits Barrett Wendell and F. N. Scott as influences. Exercises are provided throughout.The appendix also includes suggestions for "home reading" and "words frequently misused." The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (although it is missing pages 246-53), and it is good quality.
1897 printing (the sixth edition, revised and enlarged) of the 1891 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition in Columbia College (University?); formerly Associate Professor of English in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Carpenter claims that the exigency of his text is the fact that most students learn more easily from the comments the instructor makes because her/his examples are familiar to the student and s/he uses literature that is more relevant to the students than what is usually found in texts. Each section contains a fairly detailed exercise that includes explanations, examples and systematic exercises for the students. The exercises often emphasize correcting errors. The chapters cover words, sentences, paragraphs, whole compositions, qualities of style (clearness, force, elegance). Barrett Wendell is credited as a primary influence. Wendell, McElroy, A. S. Hill, David Salmon, and Genung are referenced. The Schultz Archive only includes brief excerpts, but they are good quality.
1842 printing. No copyright date given. No information on the authors is provided. The authors' text begins with a brief discussion of the inefficacy of the previous method of instructing grammar and composition, which included a heavy emphasis on rule memorization and the reading--and subsequent copying of--classic texts. The authors, instead, advocate a more "natural" approach to the acquisition of grammar and composition: practice, object use and familiarity. The authors propose students should be given the chance to copy short pieces by good authors to learn neatness and exactness. They then work with writing about familiar objects, exchanging their work and correcting each other's errors, discussing their work as a class, then having their instructor provide feedback for correction. The authors suggest beginning with concrete objects that are near the students and progressing through to more complex abstract ideas and series of objects in order to assist in the acquisition of composition abilities. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text (although it is a fairly short text), and the quality of the scans is fairly good; however, there are a few places where markings on the text are somewhat distracting.
1847 printing. No copyright date provided. The author is credited as Editor of the United States Gazette. A grammar handbook for those who feel "the need of simple and familiar explanations and illustrations, and oft-repeated rules." Chandler claims that this textbook is intended to present grammar instruction in a more interesting manner than it is usually presented. He claims that his text accomplishes this goal through the use of familiar language, numerous examples and illustrations, and through exercises in parsing. Chandler does not intend for this textbook to replace the grammar instructor, but that the book should be used as an effective supplement to in-class instruction. The Schultz Archive only includes a brief excerpt of the cover page, preface and the first 11 pages of content. The scans are good quality, but there are a few markings that obscure the text.
No printing information given. Copyrighted 1857. No information on the author is provided. As the lengthy title suggests, Chesterfield's text is directed at any student who wants or needs to learn how to compose an effective letter. The author claims that the book may prove useful for students young and old, as well as for students who wish to learn to write polite letters for society or business letters for monetary purposes. No matter the student or cause, Chesterfield claims that all people may benefit from an increased knowledge of how to write letters. The text offers instruction on all aspects of letters, including grammar, style, arrangement, concluding, and more. Examples of different genres of letter are provided, such as business or love letters. The Schultz Archive includes the complete letter-writing section (with the exception of pages 50-51 and 58-59), but the text seems to continue beyond the letter-writing portion. Some highlighter obscures text throughout, but the quality is good nonetheless.
1916 printing of 1902 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Principal of the High School Department of the Ethical Culture Schools, New York. An examination of the practices and assignments common in elementary and high school. According to Chubb, the purpose of the text is to provide instructors with some notion of what is being taught most commonly for the various levels of students and what the most common practices are. He indicates that his book does not advocate a specific pedagogical practice; rather, he hopes only to establish a greater continuity in English instruction throughout the educative process because a varied process can only prove detrimental to education on the whole. The book touches on reading and composition (both oral and written) from kindergarten up to high school. It addresses what sorts of literature should be assigned as reading as well as how grammar should be taught and the four kinds of writing: narrative, descriptive, exposition, and argumentative. The Schultz Archive includes the complete text, and the scans are good condition.
1868 printing (40th edition, revised) of the 1864 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the Principal of Cortland Academy and author of three other books on grammar and the English language. Rather than begin with the usual brief section on orthography, the text's first part touches on words, phrases and sentences. Part two is etymology, part three is syntax, and part four is prosody. The author uses circular charts to aid students with learning grammar. Sentences are diagrammed to separate their elements. Examples, exercises and review questions are implemented throughout. There are many exercises in analysis. The Schultz Archive's copy only includes the first 67 pages of the text, which runs through all of part one and ends on the first page of part two.
1899 printing of 1899 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Beginners' Readers I, II, III and Vivid Scenes in American History. The text is a teacher's manual to accompany Letters From Queer Folk, a composition book aimed at enhancing student learning by drafting correspondence with imagined people. The text covers various genres of writing such as business, social, telegrams, advertisements, receipts. It addresses particular skills such as paragraphing, vocabulary, punctuation, and arrangement. The Schultz Archive copy is the entire text.
No printing or copyright year are on this copy (the dedication is dated 1820), but a handwritten note dates it to 1901 (it was long out of print, according to the preface). No information on Cobbett is given, but in the incomplete editor's preface states that Cobbett was the first to demonstrate how to write for young people and in a manner that plain people can understand (in a conversational style). The editor goes on to say that grammar should not be taught out of books, but rather by the teacher himself. This book is meant for those who are learning without a teacher, or it is for children of at least twelve. The editor says Cobbett is addressing boys fourteen and fifteen years old. The text is a written as a series of letters (epistles) and covers orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. Including are examples of false grammar, errors, and nonsense. The six additional lessons for statesmen are dated 1822. The Schultz Archive copy is missing some pages at the beginning which cut into the preface, but otherwise the entire text is complete.
1852 printing of the 1852 copyrighted text. Reverend W. Colegrove is credited as principal of Burton Academy and member of the board of school examiners for Geauga County. A grammar handbook following six principles: 1) Brevity, conciseness, and accuracy; 2) Simplicity in classification; 3) Perspicuity in the arrangement and adaptedness to the purposes of class recitations; 4) Freedom from superfluities; 5) Comprehensiveness in the plan; 6) Originality in design and execution of the work. The introduction says that composition should be kept separate from the teaching of grammar. Analysis, or syntactical parsing, is viewed as helpful for mental discipline and has a prominent place in the work. Authors credited for influence are Webster, Mandeville, Green, Wells, Chapin, and Whateley. The work follows the orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody divisions for its organization. The appendices includes short excerpts by respected authors for parsing exercises. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
The thirteenth edition corrected and much improved, printed in 1823, copyrighted in 1821. No information on the author is given. The preface says the work has been abridged and arranged the definitions and rules (to be committed to memory) so as not to overburden the pupil. Repetition and parsing exercises are used to aid the teaching. Exercises in correcting false syntax are also used. The work is sectioned orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. Corrections for the false syntax exercises are included in the appendix. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
No printing information given. 1901 copyright. Copeland is credited as Lecturer on English Literature and Rideout is credit as instructor in English. An impersonal overview of the freshmen composition course at Harvard, breaking down the semester chapter by chapter. It discusses how the courses are structured, how papers are graded, how feedback generally appears on these papers, and how students generally perform throughout the course. The book ends with a collection of sample essays. The Schultz Archive's copy is the entire text.
1859 printing of 1859 copyrighted work. The author is credited as Professor of English Literature in the University of Pennsylvania, Late Principal-Assistant Professor of "Ethics and English Studies" in the United States Military Academy at West Point. A textbook designed to be a complete overview of rhetoric, putting an emphasis the application of rhetorical philosophy to the practice of writing. The author credits the influence of Whately, Campbell, and Aristotle. The text discusses the history of rhetoric, Campbell's four divisions, the relations of rhetoric to aesthetics, division of poetry, oratorical discourses, other genres (history, biography, fiction, epistles), invention, argument, persuasion, arrangement, style, and qualities of style. The author uses illustrative examples from the bible and from modern English and American writers. The Schultz Archive's copy is the complete text.
No printing date given. 1886 copyright. The author is credited as Reverend Charles Coppens, Society of Jesus, and author of The Art of Oratorical Composition. A textbook on rhetoric and poetry. Book I: Elements of Composition covers object-lessons, words, sentences, combination and punctuation of sentences. Book II covers ornamentation, such as tropes and figures. Book III covers style in literary composition. Book IV covers genres of prose: imitation, epistles, narration, description, essays, dialogues, novels, history. Book V covers versification. Book IV covers nature and varieties of poetry. Illustrative examples and exercises appear throughout. The Schultz Archive's copy only has the first 251 pages of the text, which covers Book I thru IV.
1870 printing of the 1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Assistant Superintendent of Schools in Brooklyn, NY and has a Doctor of Laws in English (LL. D.). The prefaces says the work has three parts. The first part covers sentence structure with familiar examples and makes references to Bullions's grammar. The second part gives selections for analysis and parsing. The third part gives practical methods in composition (as opposed to "tiresome exercises" or the laws of rhetoric). The Schultz Archive's copy only contains part III: Composition, which contains: framing sentences, copying, dictations exercises, reproduction, impromptu composition, paraphrase, variety of expression, criticism, the essay, letter writing, style, choice of words (perspicuity, purity, propriety, and precision), structure of sentences, and figurative language.
1864 printing of the 1864 copyrighted text. The preface states the methods of the text are the result of eight years of classroom experience and testing. The text is written as a teaching guide with advice on lessons and providing feedback to encourage composition in younger students. The text's method is to introduce composition through the presentation of various forms of writing rather than simplified rhetorical principles. These forms include letters (epistles), diary writing, news items, advertisements, and extempore writing. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
Ninth edition/printing (no year) of the 1867 copyrighted text. Day is credited as the author of Logic, Rhetoric, and Rhetorical Praxis. The book is based on Day's rhetoric that argues thought (and forms of thought) is the starting point for teaching rhetoric, composition, and grammar rather than style and form of language. Emphasis is put on teaching methods of thought and study with accompanying exercises. Definitions and principles are here given in their simplest forms. Introductory exercises cover parts of speech, such as sentences, clauses, and words. The next section, the Art of Composition, is divided into simple objects, principal elements fo the sentence, modifying elements, abnormal forms, construction, analysis, symbolism of thought, and explanation. Oral and written exercises are included throughout, including exercises in correction. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1867 printing of the 1867 copyrighted work: a reconstruction of Elements of the Art of Rhetoric (1850). The author is credited as the author of books on logic, grammar, composition, and rhetorical praxis. The preface states Elements of the Art of Rhetoric was distinct for elevating invention to the first rank in rhetorical instruction, reduction of the principles of rhetoric to a more exact system, and the treatment of rhetoric as an art rather than a science. This text made changes to make stronger relations between rhetoric and logic and aesthetics, fuller develop the processes of explanation, and the more exact classification of style. A treatise and textbook on rhetoric, it is divided into two parts: invention and style. Invention is further divided into explanation, confirmation, excitation, and persuasion. Style is divided into absolute properties, subjective properties, and objective properties. Discourse is discussed as oratory, epistolary composition, poetry, representative discourse, judicial, deliberative and sacred. Exercises are used throughout. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1870 printing of the 1870 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of books on logic, discourse, composition, and literature. The book is based on Day's rhetoric that argues thought is the starting point for teaching rhetoric, composition, and grammar rather than style and form. The text is aimed at students of different levels, using various font sizes for each: the larger fonts for the young, smallest for older or more advanced. The introductory lessons cover parts of speech. These are followed by sections on concrete nouns (object lessons), attributes, distinctions of nouns, modifying elements, abnormal forms, construction, and explanation. Oral and written exercises are included throughout. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1876 printing of the 1876 copyrighted text. Original edition copyrighted 1860. The text is based on the idea that thought is the foundation of discourse and comes before considerations of form or style. This text is for less advanced pupils than the author's Elements of the Art of Rhetoric, and as such, includes summary statements of its principles. The revised edition has added a praxis of choice of words and their use in sentence-construction (to address students' troubles with grammar). It has also been changed to coincide with changes to the author's rhetoric elaborated in his The Art of Discourse. Part One, Invention, includes chapters on narration, description, division, partition, and confirmation. Part Two, Style, includes chapters on oral, suggestive, grammatical, subjective, and objective properties. Exercises appear throughout. The appendix includes over five hundred themes. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1850 printing of the 1850 copyrighted text. This text professes to elevate invention to the first rank in rhetorical instruction. It credits Whately as the only other recent author not to excluded invention, but states that he does so more narrowly than this work shall do. Secondly, it attempts to reduce of the principles of rhetoric to a more exact system,. The art of rhetoric is philosophically distinguishable from logic, grammar, aesthetics, poetry, and elocution, and it is not limited, as it is in Whately, to argumentation. Day argues that explanation and persuasion are large parts of rhetoric and distinguishable from argumentation. and the treatment of rhetoric as an art rather than a science. Thirdly, an emphasis on the practice of rhetoric as an art, and not merely a science, has resulted in the prescription of numerous exercises, and the inclusion of an appendix of themes for composition. The preface credits the influence of German writers Schott, Hoffmann, Richter, Eschenburg, Theremin, and Becker. The text it is divided into two parts: invention and style. Invention is further divided into explanation, confirmation, excitation, and persuasion. Style is divided into absolute properties, subjective properties, and objective properties. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1846 fifth edition/printing of the 1843 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of District School Speaker. The text endeavors to find a more natural way of teaching grammar than to rely on the methods used for Latin and Greek. The text's first part is a plan for oral instruction. The second part covers the Eight Parts of Speech. The third part covers twelve rules of syntax, and contains lessons for parsing and the correction of false grammar. The Schultz Archive's copy only includes the preface.
No printing year given. 1897 copyrighted text. The author is a Ph.D. and credited as President of Swarthmore College. Based on two leading ideas: progressive exercises in composition and an inductive approach to grammar. The work is divided into sentences exercises and composition exercises. The exercises are based on occupations, nature, history, and great literature. Pictorial illustrations are used to stimulate the imagination. Book I of the text is for third and fourth graders. Book II is for fifth and sixth graders. The author credits the influence of Baron, Junghann, and Schindler. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text of Book I.
1834 printing of the 1834 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Mrs. John Farrar and is the author of Congo In Search of His Master and The Children's Robinson Crusoe. The text seeks to address the difficulty children have in writing letters (epistles) and to offer an alternative to another popular text, Complete Letter-Writer, which the author finds filled with absurdities and faults. The text offers general directions, simple criticism, and good examples in the form of a narrative about a young letter writer of fourteen. The work covers many topics, such as punctuation, paragraphs, folding letters, sample topics, and invitations. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1837 printing of the 1837 copyrighted text. Title page asserts this edition was abridged from a work preparing for publication. No information about the author is given. The preface explores many of what it argues are the faults with the rules of Murray's grammar, from which most contemporary grammar textbooks are derived. In its place, the author is working on a system of grammar termed the Architective, Constructive, or Structural System. It attempts to explain all the relations of words in the forms of speech, and its classifications are based on those relations. The preface says the work draws on, rebuts, or is in response to the works of Lowth, Cheever Felch, Rees, Cardell, Emerson and others.The Schultz Archive excerpt only includes preface and first few examples on nouns/verbs.
1866 printing of the 1866 copyrighted text. Fewsmith is credited with a Master of Arts and as Principal of an English and Classical School. Singer is credited as Principal of Zane Street Grammar School. The preface states there is an elementary introduction to this work being prepared. The work seeks to offer just the right amount of explanation to aid students in the understanding of its principles. It is for the classroom and personal study, following the usual division of the four parts of grammar: orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. Includes examples, models, and exercises (in parsing, false syntax, analysis). Credits the influence of Goold Brown. A grammar handbook structured around simple definitions. The Schultz Archive copy includes only up to page 40 (including the preface and ToC) of a text that is at least 228 pages.
1895 printing of the 1893 copyrighted text. Fletcher is credited as Instructor of English at Harvard College and Carpenter is credited as Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition in Columbia College. A series of lectures delivered to the Freshman class at Harvard (by Fletcher) in the spring of 1893. It purports to be a study of the different kinds of composition and their treatment of a variety of subject matter. The kinds considered are letter-writing, translation, description, narration, criticism, exposition, argument, and persuasion. The main principle (called relativity) is that compositions should be judged by their effectiveness for the purpose at hand. The purpose is defined by the object in view, the individuality of the writer, and the capacity of the reader. The lectures are accompanied with examples and exercises for students. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1857 printing of the 1856 copyrighted work. Conceived as an alternative to the Letter Writers which merely supply sample epistles to be copied or imitated. It wishes to provide instructions for young writers who wish to think for themselves. It credits the influence of Jardine's Principles of English Composition, Newman's Rhetoric, Fowler's English Grammar, Parker's Aids to English Composition and Letter Writing Simplified, Wilson's Treatise on Punctuation, and Mrs. Hale's Dictionary of Poetical Quotations and The Treasury of Knowledge. For a list of subjects, see the text's title. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1845 printing (and second edition) of the 1844 copyrighted text. The author, Reverend Frazee, is credited as the Late Principal of Elizabeth Female Academy, Washington, Mississippi. The work is organized into orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. Etymology and syntax are arranged to be progressive and practical, the arrangement being founded on nature and therefore philosophical; definitions and rules are more accurate and precise; the mode of instruction is inductive, teaches the idea, illustrates it plainly, exercises the student upon it, and then requires the student to commit it to memory. The work credits the influence (in philosophical grammar) of Harris's Hermes, Monboddo, Cobbett's Grams. Lewis' An. Outlines, Tooke's Purley, De Sacy, Brewster, Crombie's Syntax, Webster's Grams. Latham's Grams. In practical grammar: Ben Jonson, Lowth, Andrew, Buchanan, Lennie, Stucliffe, Richard Hiley, Alexander, Comley, Chandler, Cardell, Cooper, Alger, Pond, Fowle, Frost, Green, Hull, Ingersol, Nutting, Parkhurst, Picket, Brace, Goodenow, Park and Fox, Pierce, Wright, Hazen, Cornell, Pue. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text. 192 pages.
1857 printing of the 1857 copyrighted text. The author is credited as a Doctor of Laws in English (LL. D.). Despite the 1857 copyright notice, this work is identical to the 1835 edition also in the Schultz Archive: Lessons on Common Things: Their Origin, Nature, and Uses for Schools and Families. Illustrated with Fifty-Two Engravings on Wood.
Frost is credited as the editor. This is an American edition of the English book Lessons on Objects, published by teachers of the Pestalozzian school. In this edition hard and Latinized words have been replaced with common ones. Objects are broken down into parts and qualities. Certain lessons are written as dialogues between children and the teacher. The investigation of the objects at the center of these lessons increases in complexity as the lessons progress. Later lessons are written in full paragraphs or as a series of questions. Some of the objects or scenes are illustrated by the wood cut engravings. The book is sectioned into five series, the last two are further separated into subsections such as "on the senses" or "on the metals." The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text. Some of the pages are dark and may be difficult to read.
1835 printing (third edition) of the 1835 copyrighted text. Frost is credited as the editor. This is an American edition of the English book Lessons on Objects, published by teachers of the Pestalozzian school. In this edition hard and Latinized words have been replaced with common ones. Objects are broken down into parts and qualities. Certain lessons are written as dialogues between children and the teacher. The investigation of the objects at the center of these lessons increases in complexity as the lessons progress. Later lessons are written in full paragraphs or as a series of questions. Some of the objects or scenes are illustrated by the wood cut engravings. The book is sectioned into five series, the last two are further separated into subsections such as "on the senses" or "on the metals." The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text. Some of the pages are dark and may be difficult to read.
1839 printing, copyrighted 1839. The author has a Master of Arts degree and is credited at Professor of Belles Lettres in the High School of Philadelphia. Conceived as an alternative to texts which teach composition through an emphasis on words and phrases and neglect things, which form the substratum of thought. The text is a course of composition exercises on pictures and real objects. The work has three sections: Introductory Course of Easy Exercises, Structure of Sentences, and Figurative Language. The first section covers description of objects and scenes, subjects for description and narration, and narration of real and imaginary incidents. The second section covers parts of speech and exercises in composition focusing on qualities of style such as clearness, precision, strength, unity, and harmony. The book features many heavily detailed pictorial illustrations. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1828 printing, the second edition, copyrighted 1827. Short book focusing on exercises etymological and syntactical parsing that grow in difficulty over each chapter. The work attempts to make the study of English grammar easier through classification of the forms of English construction. It is to be used after students have committed the rules of grammar to memory. There are forty lessons in all. Some use quotations by distinguished authors. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1839 printing, the second edition - stereotyped, copyrighted 1839. The author has a Master of Arts degree and is credited at Professor of Belles Lettres in the High School of Philadelphia. Conceived as an alternative to texts which teach composition through an emphasis on words and phrases and neglect things, which form the substratum of thought. The text is a course of composition exercises on pictures and real objects. The first edition of 3,000 copies sold out, prompting a second edition which included additions of pictures and a section on dialogue writing. The work has three sections: Introductory Course of Easy Exercises, Structure of Sentences, and Figurative Language. The first section covers description of objects and scenes, subjects for description and narration, and narration of real and imaginary incidents. The second section covers parts of speech and exercises in composition focusing on qualities of style such as clearness, precision, strength, unity, and harmony. The book features many heavily detailed pictorial illustrations. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
The printing is indeterminable from the copy. The text was copyrighted in 1828. The author is credited as the Principal of the Mayhew Grammar School in Boston.
The text simplifies the principles of grammar for younger pupils and asks them apply those principals in series of progressive exercises in parsing. Organized by the four divisions: orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. It also includes a series of exercises in false grammar at the end. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text, but the original was apparently water damaged, such that throughout the text the bottom corners are dark and may be difficult or impossible to read.
1842 printing of the 1842 copyrighted text. The author is credited with a Master of Arts degree and as Professor of Belles Lettres in the High School of Philadelphia. Seeks to address the insufficiency in teaching grammar through parsing alone. It maintains the common forms of classification, but treats orthography more fully than usual, shortens the section on construction, expands the rules of arrangement, and uses oral and written exercises. Derivation has been moved to the appendix. Although it maintains much of Lowth and Murray, the work credits the heavy influence of M'Culloch. The work includes pictorial illustrations, especially in the sections of writing exercises. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
No printing date given. Copyrighted 1871. The author is credited for authoring a number of other books on various subjects. Although the preface argues thought is the seed of composition, the writer must also first conquer/study spelling, grammar, punctuation, style, and clearness of expression before writing an acceptable composition. The two most important points in preparation are the proper formation of ideas and their correct arrangement. The book provides a long list of themes/topics for a composition, with each being broken into several sections for elaboration and discussion. Some themes/topics are given introductions and conclusions. Others contain probing questions, sample quotations for evidence, or claims for further exploration. A few are more complete, brief compositions for study and imitation. Topics/themes include politeness, umbrellas, letter on business, and the cowardice of crime. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text, but many pages are blurred close to spine, making them either difficult or impossible to read in their entirety.
1890 printing of the 1886 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric in Amherst College. The book's preface emphasizes the practical, being those elements that may be applied to the construction of literature and can be taught. It must be taught as mechanism and through its effects in the concrete. The introduction further explains that rhetoric is adaptation, a science and an art, and that the text will deal with it in two main topics: style, which deals with the expression of discourse, and invention, which deals with the thought. The style section of the book has chapters on diction, figures of speech, and composition. The invention section has chapters on mental aptitudes and habits, general processes in the ordering of material, reproduction of the thought of others, invention deal with observed objects (description), invention dealing with events (narration), invention dealing with generalizations (exposition), invention dealing with truths (argumentation), and invention dealing with practical issues (persuasion). The introduction credits the influence of Campbell. The rules are accompanied with illustrative examples from notable writers. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text. A few pages cut off the edges of the text.
1915 copyrighted text. Genung is credited as the author of Outlines of Rhetoric, etc. Hanson is credited as the author of Two Years' Course in English Composition. The preface boasts a motto of "a minimum of theory and a maximum of the kind of practice that brings good results." The book is organized into three parts: elementary work, on how to approach any subject; rhetorical effectiveness, on style, figures of speech, and sentence and paragraph structure; kinds of composition, on different kinds of correspondence, and the modes of narration, description, exposition, and with a considerable emphasis on argument. Models of good writing are meant to be approachable ideals, exercises are used throughout and based on the practices of known writers, and oral composition is given attention as a step in the composing process.The Schultz Archive's copy is incomplete: It contains up to page 40, and roughly 192 to 353, and appendix II, pages 360 - 365.
1894 printing of the 1893 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Professor of Rhetoric in Amherst College and as the author of two other texts on rhetoric. The preface explains that the book is meant to provide the necessary rhetorical theory and to accompany every step with critical and constructive written exercises in a progressive and systematic order. The theory is given as a list of rules, each accompanied by a paragraph of explanation and illustrative examples (the rules are positive expressions of principle rather than a series of don'ts). The exercises are novel according to the author and are based in groups of rules rather than individual ones, and they include compositions (on familiar topics) to be rewritten and sentences to be amended in a creative, problem-solving manner rather than corrective. The appendix has a digest of rules and a glossary of words and forms. The book is organized into two parts. Part One is Mastery of Materials and includes chapters on choice of words, phraseology, and special objects in style. Part Two is Organization of Materials and includes chapters on the sentence, the paragraph, and the whole composition. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
No printing date given. Copyrighted 1888. The author is credited as Principal of the George S. Meade Grammar School Philadelphia. The book purports to train young students to use their own simply vocabulary to compose properly-expressed sentences, as well as oral and written stories and descriptions, while also gradually expanding their vocabularies. Questions accompany detailed pictorial illustrations or short textual examples, some of which are abridged versions of Aesop's fables, to encourage thought and prompt elaboration or storytelling. There are 82 lessons in all. The Schultz Archive is roughly the complete text.
Revised edition, 1904 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Principal of the George G. Meade Grammar School. Preface begins by acknowledging that textbooks don't succeed in teaching grammar, providing students with examples of false syntax is unproductive, students learn language outside the classroom, so in the classroom they should be given correct forms of use. The work has 280 exercises using pictorial illustrations; questions; prompting statements, paragraphs to be summarized or paraphrased; words to be described, defined, rearranged, or used in sentences; fill in the blanks; and other prompts for writing and phrase combining. The book credits school periodicals as sources for its exercises, such as Canadian School Journal, the New England Journal of Education, and the School Journal Intelligence. A handbook that emphasizes a wide assortment of exercises for grammar practice.
1835 printing of the 1834 copyrighted text. The introduction explains the author has taught for ten years and sought to write a text for his own use that comported to his own methods of teaching grammar. He states his text recognizes most of the principles adopted by Murray, but differs in the mode and style of illustrating them. His style of language has been adapted to the juvenile mind and he uses a philosophical mode of parsing and correcting false syntax and orthography to exercise the understanding of the pupil. The text uses numerous questions in each section as a method of exercising students' understanding. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1888 printing of the 1887 copyrighted text. The author is credited as a member of the London School Board, and as a Ph.D. and as a Fellow of the Royal Society. A lecture on object teaching, covering its origins in the Pestalozzi school, its adoption, rejection, and re-adoption in English schools, and how to practice it in the classroom with specific lesson examples. Includes an appendix on a box of different tools and materials to be used with object teaching. The Schultz Archive seems to be the complete text of this issue of Teachers Manuals, No. 6.
1842 printing of the 1841 copyrighted text. The author is credited with a Master of Arts and as Teach of the High School in Cambridge, Mass. The preface explains the text is mostly influenced by Murray's Grammar. It uses a clear and systematic order of parsing and explains its principles in simple language to make them understood by students. The Schultz Archive's copy includes preface, first and final chapters.
1887 printing of the 1886 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Arithmetic for Young Children. Willard Scott is the editor of this American edition. The introduction explains that this book contains exercises for children too young to read or write. The exercises involve examining objects to develop attention, memory, judgment, and invention. The book provides instructions for teachers on how to conduct conversations with children about the objects in the lessons. The book has three parts: exercises on familiar objects, practical exercises for the senses and hand, exercises for the body for young children. The exercises include questions to ask children and activities for them to perform (with detailed directions). The book also includes a few illustrations to guide students in their exercises. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1831 printing of the 1831 copyrighted text of the Third Edition, Enlarged and Improved. This text is an abstract of a larger book. The directions for teachers says the book may be used with "children from five to eight or twelve years of age." The author states, in the preface, that as grammar is founded in custom, its best to teach students grammar by induction, allowing them to form rules based on their own knowledge of language. The first section of introductory exercises focuses on the senses as a source of knowledge. The second section is inductive exercises for different classes of words, such as nouns, articles, adjectives, and verbs, as well as different cases, such as nominative, possessive, imperative, intransitive, etc. A series of questions is used for each to help a student understand each classification. The final section is Orthography and Orthoepy. Periodically, the text has a section of recapitulation, wherein it asks a series of review questions. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1835 printing of the 1834 copyrighted text. The text uses pictorial illustrations to aid in the instruction of parts of speech. The text covers orthography, etymology and syntax. The syntax sections has examples to be parsed. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1830 printing of the second edition, improved. 1830 copyright. Includes several recommendations from teachers. The first lessons contain only definitions, rules, and examples, with the explanations to be provided by oral instruction. The teach the moods and tenses of verbs, the book uses diagrams, which have been tested in classrooms. External objects are also incorporated to aid students' processing, as is the principal of local association. The diagrams include pictorial illustrations
A grammar handbook that features diagrams and examples to focus on tenses. The Schultz Archive copy seems to be roughly the complete text, but there is no TOC.
1856 printing of 1856 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Analysis, and First Lessons. Part one contains introductory and oral exercises using familiar objects and the inductive method. Objects are analyzed through their qualities, actions, and relations. Part two states the principles of English grammar in rules and definitions to be committed to memory and applied in exercises. This version has been abridged from the author's Elements of English Grammar. The text is broken into five parts: Introductory, orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 192 page text.
1855 printing. The author is credited as a North American Teacher. A grammar handbook focusing on definitions of the parts of speech. It is heavy on diagrams, and it also uses parsing lessons, and errors, and false syntax. The Schultz Archive copy contains readable odd numbered pages, while the even numbered pages are partially cut off. It is unclear how much of the text has been copied, as there is no TOC.
1841 copyrighted text. The author is credited as the author of Grammar Simplified. A grammar handbook designed with a new method to impart a knowledge of grammar in a much shorter time than previous texts, and it is explicitly for families and private learners. The text uses parsing lessons, a section of false grammar corrected (broken into many rules). The appendix contain notes to syntax. The Schultz Archive copy contains a few pages (presumably) from each of the various sections of the work. Some of the copies cut off the text in the margins.
1841 printing of the 1841 copyrighted text. The preface explains that too much emphasis has been given to teaching children facts and not enough to teaching morality. The stories in this collection are meant to teach children morals in simple enough language for them to understand. The collection contains 28 different stories with titles such as Carelessness, Anger, Candor, and the Fruits of Infidelity. Other stories have titles such as Snakes, More about Birds, and The Holiday. The text contains a few illustrations, but they are dark and details are difficult to make out. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1866 printing. An introductory work, consisting chiefly of definitions to be committed to memory. The appendix contains sounds of letters, rules of spelling, and lists of irregular verbs, and figures of speech. The book follows the orthography, etymology, syntax, prosody structure. Each lesson uses a catechistic (question/answer) structure. The Schultz Archive copy contains the preface, TOC, and first nineteen pages of the text.
1852 printing of 1852 copyrighted text. An elementary text on grammar written in a simple and attractive style by an experienced teacher. The text expects students to commit definitions to memory and parsing is thought to useful for mental discipline. Chapters cover orthography; etymology—nouns, articles, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, recapitulation, verbs' moods, tense; conjugations of the active verb "love," the neuter verb "be," and the passive verb "be loved"; and regular and irregular verbs and participles. The final chapter has exercises in etymology. Aside from the preface and note to teachers, the text uses second-person to address students directly. Each lesson has questions for the teacher to ask in the margins and ends with an exercise. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 108 page text.
1876 printing of the 1876 copyrighted text. A revised edition of the "popular" 1871 text. Preface explains it strives to teach children to use language, and is meant for nine, ten, and eleven-year-olds. The work is divided into two parts: part one for the year when students read the Third Book in a series of readers, part two for the succeeding year. Students are meant to write in response to the book's questions, the teacher is meant to correct these answers, and students are then to revise them. Illustrations are used to teach children through observation and to teach them facts of natural history. Part one is organized into chapters covering punctuation, words classed by use, errors, descriptions, comparisons, , objects, pictures, and genres (poetry, prose, letters, receipts, advertisements). Questions and sample teacher-students conversations are used throughout. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1871 printing of the 1871 copyrighted text. No information on the author is given, although the author is presumably one of the publishers. The preface explains that twelve-year-olds should be able to speak and write accurately, avoid vulgarisms, and detect errors. While most methods of teaching grammar incorrectly focus on memorization, this text is interested in teaching the practical use of language. This is done through observation (or perception) of correct models, imitation of those models, and finally construction of correct sentences. Observation of correct sentences is guided with questions. The text is organized into punctuation, objects, pictorial illustrations (pictures), brief narratives, poems to be rewritten into prose, letter writing, longer narratives, and activities of classifying words. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1867 printing of the 1866 copyrighted text. The author (spelled "Hailman" here) is credited with a Master of Arts and is the Principal of the English and German Academy in Louisville, Kentucky. The introduction is by James N. McElligott, who is credited with a Doctor of Laws in English degree. McElligott's introductions explains that the text doesn't make the errors of some object-teaching that focuses on facts without order, but rather provides mental discipline through following the indications of nature and the laws of mind. In the author's words, the principal aim of school education is to teach students how to form ideas and how to express them. This theoretical treatise on education covers object lessons, development of the faculties, grammar, geometry, and natural history. The text includes illustrative examples. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1898 copyrighted text. The second of a two-book course for students in seventh and eighth grade—see first part: Primary Grammar and Composition. The preface states the book aims to be concise, using brief and clear definitions, and to use ample illustrations of its principles from works by masters of English. Exercises are used for practice in parsing or for discussion. Part one is devoted to the treatment of the sentence as a whole; part two develops matters of etymology, as well as phrases and clauses; part three covers syntax as well as capitalization, punctuation, and rhetorical figures; part four cover prosody and kinds of composition. The Schultz Archive copy contains the preface, TOC, pages 260 – 301 (covering kinds of composition and the style and art of composition), and the topic index. The copies are of varying quality, some of which are difficult to read.
Composition guidebook beginning with oral composition, then the basic elements of writing (punctuation, etc.), before full essays. Includes chapters on correct and incorrect composition.
1869 printing of the 1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited as a faculty member of the Packer Collegiate Institute in Brooklyn, NY. Striving for simplicity and practical instruction, this text approaches teaching composition through steps of preparation rather than asking students to immediately write compositions. The chapters cover oral composition, formation of sentences, incorrect composition, punctuation, preparing composition, copying compositions, poetry and prose, elements of correct composition, style, figures of speech, criticism, and newspapers and magazines. Lessons use models and exercises. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1891 printing to the 1891 text. The author is credited as a Doctor of Laws in English, and as Late Professor of Rhetoric and of the English Language and Literature in the College of New Jersey, as the former principal of the New Jersey State Normal School, and as the author of a series of textbooks. A composition textbook designed for use by students with examples for practice. Part one (style) chapters cover punctuation, diction, purity, propriety, precision, kinds of sentences, rules for construction of sentences, figures of speech, special properties (sublimity, beauty, wit, humor), versification, poetry, prose (letters, diaries, news, editorials, history, etc.). Part two (invention) covers objects, transactions, abstract subjects, imaginary subjects, personal narratives, and descriptions. A chapter on proof-reading includes system of notation for correcting student writing. In addition to exercises, includes illustrative examples from celebrated writers. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1886 printing of the 1870 copyrighted text. The author is credited as a Doctor of Laws in English, and as Late Professor of Rhetoric and of the English Language and Literature in the College of New Jersey, as the former principal of the New Jersey State Normal School, and as the author of a series of textbooks. The author expresses the conviction that composition teaching should happen much earlier than the typical age of twelve to fourteen and requires regular practice. The book focuses on exercises; the author states practice should come before theory. The chapters cover simple words, derivative words, simple sentences, complex sentences, change of arrangement, change of structure, figurative expression (simile, metaphor, metonymy, etc.), style, letter writing, and an appendix on punctuation. The text contains examples and directions for exercises and compositions. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete text.
1878 printing of 1878 copyrighted text. Hart is credited with a doctorate in the laws of English as the Late Professor of Rhetoric and of the English Language and Literature in the College of New Jersey, formerly Principal of the New Jersey State Normal School, and author of a series of text-books on the English language. Based on the author's larger Grammar, the text selects portions of that work which are elementary. The text is written for text-book learners, striving for clearness, differentiating by level of importance, providing concise rules and definitions for memorization, and supplying practical examples for every rule and definition. The book has cut the section on prosody, only including orthography, etymology, and syntax. There are also sections of review exercises, exercises in correction of false syntax, and selections for parsing. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the full 128 page text.
1874 printing of 1874 copyrighted text. Hart is credited with a doctorate in the laws of English, as Professor of Rhetoric and of the English Language and Literature in the College of New Jersey, as Late Principal of the New Jersey State Normal School, and author of a series of text-books on the English language. A book meant for young students as soon as they are able to read and write. The primary method of instruction is written exercises. The author suggests the book be used with his First Lessons in Composition. While that other text covers rhetoric, this text covers grammar. The forty-four lessons cover parts of speech, and the written exercises are accompanied by examples, oral reviews, and definitions for memorization. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 79 page text.
1845 printing of 1845 copyrighted text. Author is credited with a Master of Arts degree and as the Principal of the Philadelphia High School and a member of the American Philosophical Society. The text has sections on orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody. The syntax section is divided into fifteen different rules covering subject, agreement, government, apposition, and construction. The Schultz Archive copy includes only the TOC and pages 48 and 49, as well as a note on the four kinds of type used.
Revised 1880 edition of the original 1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited as having a Master of Arts. A grammar textbook written for beginning and advanced students. Part one covers technical grammar, sentence-making, and composition. Part two covers properties and modifications of different parts of speech. Part three is punctuation. Exercises in false syntax, guiding questions for descriptions of pictorial illustrations, fill in the blanks for words and phrases, and parsing and analysis (with diagrams for mapping sentences). The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited with a Master of Arts and as the author of Practical Grammar of the English Language. This elementary grammar is designed for both beginners and more advanced students. Part one of the text consists of model oral lessons, illustrating methods of elementary instruction in language culture. Part two develops ideas through intelligent questioning and appropriate illustration in a systematic manner, including synthetic exercises. Part three further covers the parts of speech with models for parsing and analysis of complex and compound sentences as well as rules of syntax and exercises in correcting false syntax. It aims to teach students to detect and correct inaccuracies. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 160 page text.
Text may be from 1875. The author is credited with a Master of Arts degree as as the author of Elementary Grammar and Practical Grammar of the English Language, and of the Grade-School Readers. A series of progressive lessons to teach third and forth grade students to express thoughts accurately and concisely and to criticize and avoid common inaccuracies. The work is an extension of the oral lessons from the author's Elementary Grammar. Grammatical terms are used sparingly. Students are provided with exercises in sentence making and composition. Some exercises give students words to arrange, while others use a few words, an illustration, or an object to spur composing. In addition to chapters on the parts of speech, the text also contains chapters on observation and description, writing from memory, changing verse to prose, and letter writing. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 80 page text.
1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited as having a Master of Arts and as the author of "Practical Grammar of the English Language." A grammar textbook written for beginning and advanced students. Part one consists of model oral lessons, on subjects such as naming things, action-words, and word-picturing. Part two covers a more systematic arrangement of the classifications of grammar and includes questions and illustrative examples. Part three covers the properties and modifications of speech with models for parsing and analysis. Part two includes synthetic exercises, while part three has exercises in false syntax. Review questions are used. The Schultz Archive's copy is roughly the complete text.
1869 printing of the 1869 copyrighted text. The author is credited as a Doctor of Divinity, a Doctor of the Laws of English, and the President of the University of Michigan. Based on the experiences of the author's teaching, this text in an orderly presentation of the theory of the science and art of rhetoric with illustrations and directions on how to profit from it. Includes examples for imitation and disapproval from modern and ancient, obscure and celebrated authors. Divided into five parts: words and the material of expression, figures of speech and thought, composition and style, invention, and elocution. Part one includes sections on how to acquire the knowledge of words and how to obtain a good vocabulary. Part two includes sections on dialogue, vision, and wit. Part three includes sections on taste and different genres (epistolary, historical, fiction). Part four includes sections on description, narration, abstract subjects, and discussions. Part five includes a section on the intellectual and moral elements of elocution. The Schultz Archive is roughly the complete text.
1847 printings of the 1846 copyrighted texts. The author is credited as having a Master of Arts. The text includes exercises with pictorial illustrations accompanied by connected phrases to teach parts of speech, such as articles and nouns; article, adjective, and noun; and intransitive predication. No instructions are given for each exercise. The Schultz Archive's copy of these two texts appears to be complete, although no table of contents exists to verify.
1842 printing of 1842 copyrighted text. Author is credited with a Master of Arts degree and as the author of The Symbolic Spelling-Book, The Speller and Define, and The Panorama of Professions and Trades, or Popular Technology. Text aims to improve upon instruction in English grammar through exhibiting the construction of language in a distinct and systematic manner with practical exercises. The author uses five categories of verbal forms and five categories of phrases for his system (although the chapters are typical parts of speech). Exercises include parsing and imitation, and the work boasts to provide students with knowledge of 6,000 – 8,000 words. Special attention has been given to the conjunction and gerundive. The work has excluded exercises in false syntax, as well as the prosody. The Schultz Archive is roughly the first fifty-five pages of the at least 240 page text.
1859 printing of 1859 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Formerly Principal of a Classical Academy, Baltimore. The text aims to provide the elementary principles of grammar more concisely than existing texts with fewer technical terms. The author claims his text is based on his teaching experience and a thorough examination and comparison of popular grammar texts. The text retains some necessary terminology, but has eliminated: dividing nouns into common and proper, the use of gender or person with nouns, the term case, the classification of verbs, and the use of moods. Additionally, the author replaces tense with time, creates a new system of tenses, provides a new definition of regular and irregular verbs, and uses the infinitive rather than the indicative as the governing mood. The lengthy introduction discusses twenty-seven changes made by the text. The text uses definitions/rules, examples, and examples for correction for most lessons. The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the first 113 pages of the at least 128 page text.
1884 printing of 1883 copyrighted text. The text aims to combine theory with practice in a complete grammar of the English language. Students are first given a system of syntactical rules to discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical writing, and then students are give exercises in construction and analysis. The author credits the influence of Quackenbos's English Grammar and Brown's Grammar of English Grammars. Each lesson contains some mix of definitions, principles, rules, lists, remarks, and directions (exercises). The Schultz Archive copy is roughly the complete 109 page text.
1875 copyrighted text. The author is credited as Professor in Davidson College. In this rhetoric principles and rules are stated briefly and any overlap with other subjects, such as psychology, logic, and aesthetics, is avoided. The introduction covers definition, aim and method of study, distribution, of rhetoric. Part one covers the processes of discourse: subject of a discourse, invention, disposition, amplification. Part two covers style: qualities of prose style, choice of words, figures of speech, the sentence, the paragraph, division of style (higher, lower, middle). Part three covers the elementary forms of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. Part four covers principal forms of prose: dialogue and epistolary, didactic prose, historical prose, oratorical prose. The author credits the influence of Lectures on the English Language by Hon. Geo. P. Marsh, Theories of Style by J. K. F. Rinne, German Style by Karl Becker, and Homletics by Vinet. The Schultz Archive copy cuts off on page 231, missing pages 232 through at least 279 (according to the ToC).
