FIRST LESSONS

IN

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ENGLISII COJ)IPOS ITION .

.u y

MRS . SPENCER

~MITH ,

OF M"l. AND Mll8 . SMITH'S FEMALE SEM I NARY, BT. L OU I S, Mv

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BOSTON:
lTICJ\LING,

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AND BROWN.

1 R .'i G.

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PREFACE .

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I<:ntcrcd, ncco rdi ug t<> Act or Co ni;rrse, Jo tb c y ear 1856, by
III t: KLl~O , S W A'.\' A\" D BRO WN,

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lu the Clerk's Offi ce of the Dbtric t Court uf !lie Dietrict of Mas~achu~ett •

THIS

work, as its title indicates, is designed

for beginners in English Composition. The
study of it should be commenced Ly children
as soon as th ey can write, spell, and define, as

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the first part req uires no knowledge of grn.mmatical terms.

Its aim is to teach th e proper

application of words, togeth er with most of

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8TERF.OT1' PED AT T.IU!

B06T O~

8T£REOT ~PE

P>UNDRT,

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the difficulties in E nglish spelling, including

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the use of those pauses which are invariably

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placed in certain situations, whi ch any child
can comprehend. The second part introduces
a few of the most common and easily under,. .
.
stood parts of speech, togeth er with some of
their modifications and variations, still k eC'ping in view all the preceding rules and exercises in punctuation and spelling.

In short,

it has been the author's aim to induce the
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Pft:EFACE.

learner to think, and by prnctical stC'ps to a<lvancc both easily and surely in the important
art of writing his
correcth.

O\"\

n l::mgrwgc quickly and

To accomplish this C'nd, hauits are

all in all; and the author hopes that the

FIRST LESSONS
.

little book now prcscn tc<l to the pu l>lic will
aid in form ing g ood ones.

-

IN

She co mmi ts it to

th e kind n 's·;1 n1s of practical in .. trnctors, not
a s a suLstitnte for any which they may have

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ENGL lSII

C 0 l\f. I) 0 SIT I 0 X.

hithl'rto prdcrrccl, but as one preparatory to
thc·ir use, trusting Ly its means to smooth
away some of the first difficulties in the so

'f 111 ; karnrr sho u ld C'opy 1!1e follti\\·ing li ::; t l l f
c)l l :l :"late, o r at 1 lw top or 1lw p<t~(' ill h i Cl

gcucr:i11y drt.'<Hll·tl task of composition writing,

word ~

bu tl1 fo r teacli c r :tnc.1 taught.

eoinpc) ,.; i t iu11 l>udk; ;1rr:111 1-(1:g il1 l· \\·uni:- i11 >! r:tigh t

line;-;, ;uid ;-; pdli 11 g 1ll l'l ll vonT t·t ly . Tlwn· twni bt:
uci t llC'r cap i tab uor pa llc't ·,.: , a:s 1 lte wor<ls <1 re inte n dnl to b l'. i11 t rudu e e<l i11tu :'\'!l1e11cc :s.
'J'he se nten ce ;,: ·which follow will b e fo11nd to corrt:sponJ to th e Ji;-;t of word;,; . 'l'llC' kar_1wr ;-;lionld
be fl'\l'tircJ to sdcd il11. ~ prup\·r word Ill cmkr io
fill llp tl ic bLwk i11 t•ac-h s c·11 tc n<.:e, and, in w1:i1i_11g
it, dmw a Ji111: rn1dn ti!(' word s1 ·\ 1·c-kd to d1;-;i 111gui;-;h it from t lw pri ntcd w v rd:-> of the "l't1 t1•11ct'.
Copy the ~:upiial kt kr;-;, p:111,.:t•;-;, &c., 1·,act ly. a~;
they arc in the book, us it i:s one of lhe prnwipal
object::; of the::;c primary k sso n ::; tl rn" to form the

habi t of writing correctly.
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J.'IH!iT LT::S SO.:\S IN

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ENGLISH COMPOSITION .

The _ _ is a name given to a beast's stomach.

My pet dog has hurt his - -.

LESSON I.
EXEU CI SE

caw
J UW

th aw
law
claw
fl aw

n1aw
paw
raw
<lraw
stra w
saw

Carnivorous animals cat - - meat.
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_ _ a line under the words supplied in your exercise ;

IX SEXTEXCES .

squaw
hawk

shawl
yawl
brawl
crawl

<l ra wl
scra w 1
sprawl
dawn
frrn n
la w11

pawn
spawn
lm1\\·n
<lrawn
yawn

Do not - - out your wor<ls ; speak qui ckly and distinc tl v.

that is, under score them.
.
_ _ bonnets fir;; t cam e fr om L eghorn ; hence their
name .
A wood sawyer's weal th is in his - - .
Infants - - on th eir hands an<l ~ nccs .
A - - is a noisy quarrel.
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A - - is a small boat.
Cashmere - - arc very d ear and scarce.

A - - is a bird of prey.
A - - is an Iudian female .

Your c x c r ci~e is u perfect - - ; I cannot receive it.
Young- laLl i<'s s lw uhl ne ver - - tlicmscl ves about.
I ros e Lefo re - - t his m orniu".
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A - - is a )"l ll lll g' do T L
A - - is a smooth g rass plat.

There is a - - in that tumul cr, so tlw.t it will soon
lm.: a k .
I t is n ot polite to - - in company.
The vulture has a very s trong - - .
Have you - - this p'icturc ?
The - - punishes theft liy incarceration rn the penitenti ary.
- - is the old -fash ionecl nam e for liacon .
D nrin g a - - , th e sno w disappcarn.

- - is a name fo r th e eggs of fi sh.
Samson killc tl liis thousands with the - - bone of
an ass .
T he poor ofte n - - their elotheR for money, with
wh ich to buy food.
To - - is to cry likv

fl

rook or a cro w.

LESSON I I.
E:X.El~CISE

jamb
lamb
limb

climb

numb
crumb
plumb
thumb
dumb

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IN SEST E ]'; C ES .

tomb •
bomb
doubt
d ebt
clebtor

subtle
redoulit
succumb
hecatomb
indebtecl

Do not _ _ that apple tree.
The _
was made of white m arble.
Christ opened the mouth of the - .
Lazarus lay in the - - three days.
Lawyers arc said to be - - in their dealin gs.
The _ _ is an cmlJlcm of innocence .
In comequence of paralysis, bis limbs were - .

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FIRST

~ESSOXS

11

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

IN

A - - is a kind of cannon ball,
A - - is a fortification thro wn up in time of war.
T h e ohl soldier's - - was amputated.
The beggar asked for a - - of bread.
I - - whether you will succeed.
N ever - - to difficulties.
ForgiYc us o ur - - as we forg ive our - - .
Bonaparte immolated - - of men in consequence o{
his ambiti on .
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Do not - - yo ur boo ks.
I am - - to you for man y favors .
lle fell - - into th e water.

The fox docs _

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himself in his hole.

I have said it ; I canno t - .
The he at of this summer has been -.
_ _ your parents ; love and cherish them.

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Your lesson is a - - failure.
- - where you can without doing wrong.

Goel i s - .
The _ _ cold prevcnte<l us from enjoying ourscl vcs at
the sl eigh ride.
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Such a course of condu ct is - - with diffi culty .
I cannot to yonr proposition.
Idl euc::;s will - - my progre::;:; in my t:>tuJics.

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fri end.
A mother is a A stern, silent person is said to be - .

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LESSO::\f

III.

E X E R C I S E IX SI:: .K T EN C ES.

acceJe
eonectlc
rece de
precede
seccJe

impe<lc
supreme
extreme
serene
convene

SlllCCre
severe
revere
adh ere
co here

LESSON
austere
repl ete
complete
secrete

Not many - - from th at church .
Th e assembly will - - at the Co nrt Honse .
Gluc e:rnses the d ifferc11t portions of cal.iinc t work to

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The li st o f wonls must - - each lesson.
A - - sky at eveni ng is said to be a token of fair
weathe r th e next clay.
- - to th e rig ht , 4'.nd you will be as happy as this
world can make you.

IV.

}'. XF.I'. C ISE TN' SE:N'.l'KN'CES.

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knack
knave
knee
kn cacl
kneel

kn ell
knig'ht
kni t
knife
knot

knob
kn ow
kn ew
known
kno ck

knowl edge
knapsack
aekn o \\"ledge
fore;kn owledge
knightho0tl

The curfew tolls th e - - of parting day.
I hav e no - - at rhyme.
The - - of tl1e door is broken.
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j,; not to he acquired \\'ithout hard study .
H e i>i a - - , arn l cnnnot be tru stc<l.
l)on Quixote fancied him,;elf a - - .
Do you not - - how to spell ?

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A wea ry soltlic r lost his - - .
Bow the - -, and worship Him \rho made you .
I do not know Low to - -.
1f she - - 4ow, she \\'oul<l teach yo u.
Ahrnys - - your faul ts.
The cook will - - the tl ough.
l\Iy - - is not sh arp .
1 f he had - - Lts lesson, h e wou lJ n ot h ave b een
p u1rished.
- - b elongs to Gotl al one .
- - m orning all<l evening for praise arnl prayer.
Alcxau<ler cut the Gordian - - wi th his sword.

- - evil antl do good.
We - - the g raws of our friends with o ur tea.rs .
I will dictate that last sentence - - .
- - your last lesso n .
- - your goutl resolutions every thy, and tr;· to keep
them .
Our policy of ins urance is run out; it n eeds a - - .

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LESSO X VI .
L:\Lll<

- - \ \':.tS

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CO ~'ll' U~lTl U.'i.

ESGLISH

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.~l.:\TL:\l'l:s .

conferre d by tliree ::;trokes with the flat side

of a sword .

LESSON

niece
fief
ChiPf
thie f

v.

brief
grief
:--\I C'.~C

1if';;c

ficl cl
shiclll
'\'i c 1rl
yjr.;)d

ficnn
fierce

grieve
thieve

pier ce
pr icst

rdrif'VC

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rdi en.!

:My :-;iste r's danc;ht c r is my - -.

E X EltC I SE IX 8 l:YIENCES .

I will - pewter
newly
jewess

j ewel
ske wer
Rtewar<l

m ild ew
SllleW
j eweller

e:-;che w
be dew
anew

ren ew
reYie w
ren e wal

Our r evolutionary gran d mothers ate on - - plates.
·A - -

l';c)],; 11·ai<- lll's ,

th(• ;>nor lll c•.n .
To .- - is to lJ1-cak tlil· ci ~·litlt <·011rniamlmenL
Osceola was the name of an l mlian - - .
Your ncx.t lesson is Y("ry - - .
Gra in gro1r s in the - - .
A n Pxtrcru cly \\'icked p er:sun is sometimes calleil a

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(']ocL,;, jewL·1s. &c.

I um hut - - arrivecl; 1 ·do n ot know the rules .
A - - uni te,; a nlllscl e to a hone.
A - - i,; the t1anghter of a Jew .
- - is a stain dillieult to r emove .
An em erald is a - - .
W ith a - - a. kg of mu tton is eas ily huncll c<l.
Tlic - - is an otli ccr on bo;its o r in t1<itcls who Lias
charge of the tabl e .

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You must - - yo ur r eputation by <loing b et ter.
A - - is a ministe r of r eli.!.(ion.
My - - at t he cl eath of my father was ve r y great.
A - 11 :1,. ~c n L t11 tll(' pe nitc-ntiary .
Boston once susbi1n~tl a - -.
In ancie11t time;; t11erl' 11 l'rc - - lur11s.

F1l ( ST J. E S SO '.'\S

:E NGL I SH

I'.\'

15

COMI>OSITION .

T h e lion is a very - - animal.
I <lid - - for th e loss o f my fri emL
T he warrior Ji<l - - a swo nl.
\ Ve mu st n ot - - to t e mptation.
Th e solJi er dill - - on r L orcl wi th a sp ea.r.
A - - w as an es tate held of a su perior on condition
of mili tary seniec.

The rich have it in their po wer fo - - the poor.
The criminal did - - his character.
All the children r ece ive d an apple - - .
Our gov ernor will - - tl1 c i1u10ccllt m en .
Tu - - i" t o inj urc t h t) ti.;eli ngs , r epu tat io n, or . 11t er es t.
:->he 1lid - - m e with her wish es .
My fa tl1 e r is - - in thP liank .

LE S SON VII.

LES S O .:'\ V II I.

Pray tha t G o1l will - - you from danger.

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EXE RC fSE

J eceit
conceit
deceive
r ece iv e

p er ceive
con ce iv e
r el ief
Lelil' i'

I :-f SEX T EXC I::S.

b elieve
acl ii e ,·c
r clie ,·e
n .: t rie \' e

L X:EH C TSE T'\:

either
n either
ceiling

a ggrieve
r epri eve
a pie ce
besiege
cashier

I cannot - - of ::n tvl1 atrociuus \\'ic ketlnes::1 .
My physi ei;in i;ou n gaYe me - - .
Accordi ng to th e best of my - - it is so .
Can yon nut - - tli c sens e ?
Y ou \\" ill no t - - many mark s fo r th is.
Heath ens - - in \YOrshippin g idol::; of w ootl and
ston e.
T o - - is a crim e , wheth er in small or g r eat matters.
- - of'te n n :ll lk rs ib possesso r r idic n!ons .
Hypocrisy <.UH1 - - - ,,ill nc,·cr tl1ri 1·c in the e11J .
Can you n u t - - tL e ' nitin 0 of yo ur le::;son?

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s r:~TE :'-< C E S .

lei:-; m·e
sc; iznrc

k n chi cf

chi r;l'ta in

fi cld- pil' CC'

P H' ]"(' ll J"
0

thievi sh
g ri evous

I have no - - to at trnd to Y Oll .
Tl1c - - of hi s g ood:; was ma J e ycst.cnlay.
- - you or I must do it.
The - - is black with co::tl smok e.
She will - - go n or stay.
McGrego r was a Scotti t> h - - .
- - is an abbreY iation of ha ndkerchief.
The eagl e has - - e yes .
A - - is a k in d of cannon.
- - propensities will lcarl one into tronhlc.
You have made a - - rnista.k e in your exerc ise.

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ENGLI SH

F I R ST LE SSONS TN

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LESSON X.

LESSON IX.
E X E H CI SE IN

COMPOSITION .

EXERCISE IN SE"N"TENCES .

SE:\TE ~ CES .

leisurcl y

mi schi e vo us

cunce it e cl

p l ciacles

inveig le

d ece itful

t hi c \·ish l y

dc ce i1·er

r ons c iYal>l e

fr u n ti spiece

l 'C.: CC I 1·er

a d 1i c 1·e m e nt

ag g n c n1.11cc

r e li c vo

rctric \·al>l c

tyro
cycle
hydrogen
an odyne

hydra
h ymen
hya cinth
anti.type

cypress
slyly
stylish
by-law

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asylum
dynasty
proselyte

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All soc ieties h ave - - .

Your el'tors a rc - - .
\\'hal an - - !
S 11ch wi ck c1ln css is ha.n ll y - - .
I t is \\·ru ng to l ie - - .
- - p c rs1)1t-: lJriHg mrn.: h ridicule u pon the mselves.
- - i.-; th e p ro rn i11(' 11cc of fi g ure s in sta t uar y, archit ec t ure , t.\: c.
IIe is a - - uf sbl c·n gno ds , and will Le p unish ed.
Th e L 1·il One i:-; a - - .
T u - - is to p 8 rs u;1<le to clo ,;om~ th in g 01·il b y fla tte ry.

M y uncle has a - - cq 11ipag e .
The - - is g e1wrally plan te d over graves.
The tl1ief - - ma.de hi s e,;ca pc .
- - 'r.a s th e a neient. god of m a rriage .
A - - is a fa liulu uR licast of many h eads.
\Ve Rpoak of a - - of years , m eaning a period of time
in which the sarnc co urse beg ins again.
A - - is a h 0g i1rn <: r.
- - is one o i' tl 1t; co m po 11 e nt p a rts o f w atc.r.
A - - is a bca utifii l flu\\' cr \\'i t h a bul bous ro ot.
A m c<l icin c g i,·en to q 11 id t h e n erH.: s is calle d an
The pa:;ehal lamb ,,·a :; a n - - of C'hri:;t.
Th e r o arc - - for th e pocir in J .onclun.
A - - is a race of kin g s.
The gentleman is a - - from tho Roman Churc~.

Y u11 a l'c a lll Ust - - c ltiltl .
Ci o - - up ;-:l ;lirs .

Tb e - -

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a rl' scH' 11 s !.1.r s i11 n g rnLtp, of whi ch only six

arc tn bt: S l ' '' ll liy tlw 11a k L·d t' ye .
J\ f11:;t iH_·,.:·ga rs ill th i;.: c·o 11:1t l'y arc - - in ,'. lin c11.
Tlw -- - i1 1 llt} S pd k r j,, a p rdt y i1 i,:t.1 11-c .

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T lHl t j,, an - - to which L e<l.llnut ~• nb 11 1 i t.

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FIRST LESSONS IN

L:ESSO:N

ENG LIS H

19

COMPOSITION.

LESSON XII.

XI.

EXEitCIS.E IN SE:"<TE)."CES .
l:XEHC[Sl:: IX SENTEXCES .

lynx

sylvan

gypsum

cygnet

syntax
synod
lyric

symptom
da(:tylc
larynx.

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cymc
mys t ic
crystal

sibyl
idyl
abyss

:,;y::;tem

prototype
troglodyte
barytes
hydraulics

stereotype
hypo then use
hydrometer
electrify

personify
exemplify
hydrostatics
hypercritical

This is a - - edition.
A - - is an instrument for measuring the weight of

l\I uff-.; arc ma( le of the for of a - - .

liquids .

She has no - - in he r stllllics . •

The ancie nts did - - both virtues ancl vices.
To - - j,; to giYc examples .
- - is the sc ience wliich treats of the ~1ropcrtie s of
flui<h at rC's t.
To firnl fa!dt " ·it1t ,;li~ht <«1llS O i>< sa id to b e - - .
Y o n dill - - nw 1\·ith \·011 r rnachin c- .
Eng-r~tvcrs mak e ll:-i C ul' - - .
The - - livC'cl in rnn~rns .
- - is a h ca1·y , sparry mineral.
- - is th o s ::: i(.m C(; \1'l1i eh treats of fl11id" i11 motion.
The - - is the lon ;.)TSt ::i i1lc vf 1;11ch a fig-nrc as
this ' L::::::,,., calkcl
in 0r•comctry· a ri···ht-aiwk:cl
tri.an b•rlo •
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A - - is one who prctcHcls to forctdl eYcnts .
A yu1tn;; S\1·an is a - - .

- - is t li e tl1i1 <l par t <>t' g ra111rnar.
Tl1c co111m"11 11; 1'.n r_· ui' - - is PLt:, l(' r ,,[ J'ari:;;.
• \ 11 -- is <t pa--:t,,t«tl ]'''':111.
T:1 c )hcl stro n1, Oil t he: Cl!a:--L of ::\on1·ay, 1:; a drcaJ.f11l ---.
/1.. - - was an ancient philo::iophcr who s11e c rc d at
every on e·.

- - ntc,ms mystcrio1ts .
A - - is an ccdc,;iastical ass em bla6c.
Horace wrote - - poetry .

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A ::rnl>stance is sai<l tu lie as clear as - - when it is
perfectly transpare nt .
The----- n1o <l 11latc!' th e YOi ce in ><pL·aking- ruHl srngtng.
H.ml nc::is of skin ii! a - - of in flam m ation .
A - - is a poetical rn cas11ro.
I view e d bct\\"ecn two ro11·1' of roeks a - - scene .

LE880;{

XI I I.

EXER CISE IN SENTJ; :-< C ES.

schismatic

hymn
kiln
conclcinn
contemn

receipt

exempt

chachm
yacht
schism

sol em n
a11tumn

column
limn
smnplnous

psalm
psalter
Jlrompt
tempt
pe remptory

20

FT RST I,ESSOS .

IX

EN G LI S H

Eigl1t - - - make an oun ce .
- - an(l - - arc sung in ch urch.
Brides are unriwd in a - - .
not - - \i('forc yon k no w :ill th e cin:urn stances.
J \\'ill JJot. - - yo1t on sli g- ht .~rounds .
T lic 1nilli ,.,tl· r 1nu,lr· a - - a ppt· al to thl' rongrc ~ation.
- - is t he thi rd sc:1so n uf' the year.
'l'h e - - w;1s thi r ty fr rt 1i ;c~l1.
To - - is tll p:1i 11 t. i11 c"lors .
Th e qu een' s - - is YC' ry h cautif': 1l.
Th ere is a - - in :h e clwrch, but th e - - will soon
be expell ed .
G i\·e me a - - a1~ :.;\n.: r.

no

-

-

n1 1 PJ H' t d

\\·rntt~~ ·

dll

J Jia q · ]., ,., (. t !i t.:

---.

;u;: I skd l be o blig -; tl to pay

a g:i1 n.

Th e· - - (' .;11L1 i 11 s t lw - - nf ]);l\· id.
1 (-;u1: :c.t - - - \'flU fr .- 1111 p ~ 111i ,;J 1 nu· 11l.
The c·c1n 1 1 1w ~H l \1·as - - .
1 sa t Ll<l \\'11 t1l a - - f'l:ast 0 1\ c:1ristm:lS day.

21

COMrOSITION.

- - is a title of nobility in France .
A - - is a French coin, n ot quite equal to a cent m
value.
Christians - - thcir chil<lrcn .
Gold - - in th e s nn.
- - to m e, a nd pny a ttention .
D ew - - the car t] i.
- - the ll oo r o f tl 1c - - .
You cannot - - Lhe ty rant' s heart.
There is much - - and many a - - in some school:<.
My - - \\·as da ted o n - - <lay.
I cannot cat the - - .
Th e infan t \\' :1$ amus <l by a - - .
- - grow up un liarrcn gr ound.
The - - l'aul \\'aS inspi red.
The sign of ;,tll apothecary is a mortar anrl - - .
To - - was commo n among the ancients.

...

..

'•'

',

'

.'

Silk <lrcss ·s - - .
Sec t11 c little bircl - - under i ts parent' s wingR.

H e h as a - - upon m y land.
A _ _ is a F rcnC'h dish, com pose d of meat and Yegc ~
tables cookei.l to ;:;cth cr.
- - trees grow in tem perate climates.

L l·: S

,-

An - -

s 0 .\" X I Y.

;

I

is a small island.

:EXERC ISE IX SE:\TES CE S.

cl1ri ste n
glist<·n
visco unt li:<ten
chaste n moiste n
fasten
hasten

isle

SO UR

(' pi-;ll e

pC's tle

~ ristl c

\\'l'l:St lc

ca"tl"

wl1istlc

]Ju st lr..:

tli istlc

jostle

a po s tle

ru stle
nes tl e
mortgage

so i't<' 11
oft l' n

cl1ristmas
ragout
chestnut

LESSON :XV.

..

EXEJtC ls E

wis ~

SECiTicCiC£S.

.J:
., i(

indi ct
indictmC'nt

si1111l'r, to he

IN

vi ctuals
czar

han clsomc
·w c(ln cscl:iy

II
I

!

i

p·
· t i'
I~··,

I
~.

22

FillST J,ESSONS IN

E.'iGLl SH

The grand jury - - crimin a1s .
Plain, 1d10lcsomc - - arc the best for children.
S h e is a Ycry - - yo ung lady.
- - I :::hall co mm ence going to school.
Al cxanJc r is at p resent the - - of all the Russias.
l n cons c11 11 <:tl(' C of llie - - ihc thi ef was co mmitted to
pnson.

LE~:-)ON

LESSO~

tarry
d eny
dismay
chimney

XVI.

lutppier
merciful
spies
carricll

vary

<lcny
hcly
grocery

variance
denied
ladies
groceries

- - is he who d ocs hiR du ty.
The - - arc all ahs en t thiR afternoon.
Y o u will be .- - >Yh e n you behave better.
- - an<l t ruth have m et togeth er.
Maj or Anthe "·as bnn g as a - - .
Th e - - :::11all obtain - - .
If s he - - me, I shall be fo und out.
A - - is known by h er g-ood hrceding.
How can you - - f; llCh a loacl about !
Try to - - your e xamples as much aR possil1le.
Ha\·c you - - your }iicturcs to the framer?
I am sorr: to l>c at - - with my friend.
\Vh cn you haY C <lone wrong , <lo not - - it.
\\-illi:1m - - kn in g hccn present.
At a - - \\ "C nw y pmch:i.sc tea, An gar, an<l all kinds
uf--.

tarryi11;;
d en ying
di s1 naycll
chi1n11r·ys

23

l'OSlTlON.

XVII.

frir1cy , fan cyiu;;
stay
stav. i1w
0
vall
eys
Yallcy
day
days

- - thou till I cnm0 .
There is Luo rnuf' h - - i11 _,. ,H1r con1pos itions.
I am - - h er e to as;; ist a d:~ ar fri ~: n t l.
Ther e is no - · - that I a111 Ycry impatient.
I cannot - - mpd f to my best fri end.
How can yo u be - - such a tlii:1g !
I will - - no lunger.
After - - a lung time, I am \Yeary.
Horror and - - wer e paintetl on every countenance .
The fngitiYes li ed into the - - , and re mainc <l many

E XJ;lt C I SE ] N Sf:,.,T}::-<cEs.

happy
m ercy
s py
carry

CO~l

Th ere is a c ~it Ill the -- , f:1 r I ~; cc it s -- , wi th the
unokc slu\,·ly c:1rling- up !"mm it.
This - - , our --- haYc liec n 011 fir e .

''

LESSON XVIII.

...

EXERCISE IN SENTENCES .

die <lied dying
lied lying
tied tying

lie
tie

hi e
vie
eye
dye;

hie<l
vi ed
eyed
<lyed

hi eing
vymg
eymg
dyeing

1••

sec
agree
sh0e
hoc
toe

SCCln"
,..,
agree mg
shoeing
hoeing
toeing

•

.,.,...' .
'·

24

F.NGLISII COMPOS ITION.

FIRST LES SONS IN

All men must - - .
Ananias - - unto the L ord.
Sapphira, his wife , joine<l him in the - - .
The y - - in their crimes, as soon as the - - words

had been spoken.
The - - R e<lecmer forgave his mur<lcrers.
- - up the bouquet ueatl:.
I have - - it as pre ttily as I cun.
You arc - - a kno t "' hi ch you "·ill be obliged to cut.
- - away to the wou<l:-i an\l gather "'il<l flowers .
I ·annot - - with yo u in aptncsf<, but I will try to do
so in pcrseYcrance.
The hunter - - to the mountain in search of game.
The younge r son - - with hi:i cl<ler brother.
\Vbil c - - with yom sch ool mates, avoid envy.
I prefer that the clotli ;.houl<l be - - reel .
l\Iy teacher - - 111 0 with so much earnestness that I
thought it IJc,.;t to be ind11,.; triu 11s.
A Ycry strong - - " ·ill i11j tllT the t exture of cloth.
After - - me fur a lo ng time, tbc stranger passed on.
- - is a prolitaolc b11sincss.
The - - is one of' th e mo st complex of GoJ's works .
Th e lilack,.;mith is - - tb c horse.
My - - is \\'Orn ont at th e - - .
A - - is an instnuncnt ns c<l i.n ga rdeniug.
A fte r - - up t h e wcetls, 1 was tire<l.
Th e cob bl er is - - my--.
- - what a mif\takc yon haYe made !
" - - is bclievi11g-," is a.n ol<l proYerli .
I will by no means - - to it.
After - - to m eet onre a month, the assembly adjourn ed.

LESSON

25

XIX .

KX:EHCISE IX SEXTENCES .

i:;pot
allot
annul
r efer
permit

spotted
allotte<l
annulled
r eforrini;
p ermitted

overset

bC'g
dig
b egin
run

oYersetting
b eggar
Jigging
beginne r
runner

You have - - that dish of stra ,,.berries.
My Swiss mu slin Jress is eml.miitlereJ. in - You have - - your book with ink .
The time - - for your lesson is past.
I will - - you another portion.
The - - of the lamp has spoiled my new carpet.
Those who make la.ws can - - the m.
- - to the dictionary wlien you do not know the

..•

't

meaning of a word.
The unjust contract ha:> Leen - - .
On - - to my g rammar, I foun<l th e word incorrectly
use<l.

~IJ10 tarnperin~ wi th yonr duty .
If - - to do this, you ,rill be guilty of something

worn c .

A - - - - fo r alms.
:My cousin \\·e nt to C~difornia to - - for gold, but all
his - - did not amount to muc,h.
- - with a - - as yo u wish that he should continue.
That horse is a fleet - - , and wherever he - - will
win th e race.

li'

I

l

"'

,

l'IRST I .E s.c; o:-:s I'.'<

26

LESSON

s lave
cnnY ince
cha nge
p lL' aSC

sbYi sh

CXCll~ C

excusable

COll \' Jl\ ('1 11 ~

k 1l\'C

le a Ying

chang jng·

ri1lc
LI l l C

rid in ~
\.;luish

is a - - life.

'j' ., - -

yo ur l.:ss un 11n1\r illc n Lill the List min11tc is a

n .: ry- li;Hl pl an.
Yo1 1 \r ill

11: L'

,.

The followin g word s reta in thee h cforc 1h e teri ;:; rn

l'n111pcy is free , ancl not a - - .
I r a 1:nllt - - yon \\'hil c in s uch afnicti on .
}, ii:i:1~ .~

·;

mination ·i11g, for tl 1e ~al\e of th e sou nd, wh ich
eve ry i1J :-> (an c e 1ha1 of g anJ c soft : -

XX.

pl ~ a,; i n~

I '.

I'
:"'

27

EXGLI SII CO:\II'OSI TIO:S-.

char~ e

charg r·al11 c

cl1an ge

chan geal>lc

sc ru ce

sc ni ce;:tlJle

srnge

s in ge ing

·f_.,.'

-~...
~r

··'
1'
;<

St. P aul saiLl that h e \\·as - - to no man .

I - - yo u, do your <lnty.
He is empluyed in my - -

"

That is n ot a - - piece of cloth .

He wh o is fond of - - is - - .
You will - - yo11r hair in the candle.
Afte r - - the d cacl fowl, w e cooked and ate it.

th a t yu u are in 1l11 st ri o us \\'h e n I sec

you ;-;11.
T l1 a l 1:: 1111 is t - -- ]' l'O !\f.
T h e lm·,. of - - is :11 1 indi('a tim1 of fii'id l' IH'ss oC pur-

LESSON XXI.

p <1:' ( ' .

'J' l1 is 1,.: a - - - l i!'c.
- - t.1 1 - - m e from wri t in ~ ~
l t 1\·ill lie rn ucli murc - - tu m e t hat 1·o u shoul<l en<lca \·ur t o clcJ th e best yo u can .
81 1ch c arcl c~; :-;n e,; s is n ut - /\. - - on lw rsc1iack is plea sant t o ~omc , bnt I prefel
-

-

volcano

\·olcanocs

h e ro

h ero es
cargo es

p ota to
lrn (fo lo

p o t <Lt'llCS
l.ittffalol's

cargo
ve to

ll1Cl11e11 to

IDL:lllt'll(O Ci:l

Ye tors

mulatto

mula ttoes

calico

calico es

motto

m otto e s

in a <'a rria:~c .

Th t~ C" l:·ar - -

:;ky 1s li L·:u iti1'11 l.

::'ll y <lr css is of •~ - - - Cll lu r.

A - -

is a

h11rnin ~

rn 0Hntai11 .

- - arc num ero u s among the Andes .
I w ear a - - <lress .
- - fir s t cam e from Calicut, In dia; h ence their name.
The pres id e nt possesses a - - power.
The whole n.sseml>ly placed their - - upon the pro-

QOsed measure.

'.

.

28

}~ X G J, T S H

The :;hi p's - - <:v n si~tcd of h ides.
V alnaulc - - arc ofte n lw.:t at sC'a.
Th e man who wo 1il ll n ot fi ght- a ll ucl " ·as a true - - .
Al c xalHler a11tl C <l' ·ar Wt' nJ - - of anliq11ity .
- - \\'Pl'C fi rst di sC<l\' Crt·d in .-\ rnnica.
T he - - funn s the prin cipal !i><Jtl u f' th e: Jri,;h poo r.
- - still ran g e: tl1 c 1•lai11:< of' :'\ 11 r th-,,-u.: ten1 .-\m crica.
- - m t:at is eu n sid ·r<:<l a gn·at dainty l1y hu11tcrs .
_T h e only - - whic li I Jia ,-c l!I' my fri cllll is a plain
goltl rin g .
IIuwc Yc r tr ifling, - - of' our fri e nds nrc ,lc ar.
A - - - wni tct l nl tal 1k .
- - arc half n cgruc: a 111l half whites .
My - - is , .. X cn ·r tlcsp;Lir.''
V e ry :;illy - - arc oCt c n 1\Ju1Hl \\'ntpp cll 11p with candies .

There arc few - - in these <lays.
- - co mes from India.
- - arc used in makin g Llrawn bonnets.
Th e - - is an English liirJ.
- - are not found in America.
I have a - - lircast pin.
- - are expensive.
- - came, an<l li cbaYc tl th emselves well.
They went away l>y - - antl t1 irccs.

LESSO~

calves
selv es
b ee ves
leav es

sh eaf sh eaves
sh elf she h es
li \'CS
li fo
,,·if'e \\'l\' CS
flags taff

fol io
sN agl iu
pun (' t ii io
r·am ('o

foli os
Hcraglios
pun ctilios
(';t !llCOS

n ullC IO
humlJOo
cuckoo
t \\'O

nuncios
bamuoos
c uckoos
t\\'OS

Tli o l 100 k \\·a s a - -- .
- - arc scJ,!om 11sc1l C:ir sdwol li r)(ll\s .
A - - is th e apartmPnt all1>tl (•(l to the sultan's wives.
T h ere arc fe w - - in tli c wurlll.
If yon sta nd upon - - l shall k· of!'e 11 ded.
- - arc commo n " ·ith a: Hl 1,tssador:i.
A - - is one se nt by th e pope to tran ;.:act business
with a fore ign po we r. .

XXIII.

i:;:x 1:: n c 1s.r. I N 81::'.'JTEXCES .

calf
self
b eef
leaf

LESSO:\ XX.II.

29

CO '.\fr OS ITION .

g rief b<Yricfs
hoof hoofs
brief briefs
ro of roofs
flags taffs

scarf scarf.~
ch id' chiefs
staff staVC8

A - - ran away \\·i. t h th ree other - -.
- - claims the m ost of our cares .
F ine - - is found in all the \V cs tern States.
\\re lo,·c our-- the h est.
Th e - - a re all slaughtered.
In autumn th e - - fall fr om the trees.
\ V c all <lo fad e as a - - .
A g ood - - ifl a cro wn to her husband.
- - is uncerta in.
The - - of th e I111lians p erform all the harcl labor.
Their - - arc nou ght but t oil and hardship.
The b ook lirs on the - -.
;3 -,c.

.

. ''
•!

..
I

;. ~

•

'•',J

30

"F' JR ST J,ES SO X S IN

TLe reaper Lintls up iii" - - .
l\Iy bookcase rnnl;tills many - -.
The iic.:l d i;; foll uf' yl'l lu\\. - - .
:i\"oisy - - is n o t ah1·ay s thC' d ct' pcst.
She \l'a Ye,l h e r - - in t1)kc 11 of farew ell.
::\1 y - - a rc many, am l hard tll be hor11c.
Th e yv 11ng ladies' - - w nc LI uc.
The h 1lrse injured his - -.
The LL u·b;mith placC'tl sh oes on all th e - - .
Lawy e rs write - -.
A - - - is a writin ;..; cu 1ltai 11 i11 g a lawy1·r·H argnments
upo n any sLL bj c· d.
T l1 · \\ i1Hl tnuk ():[' tli c - -.
- - arc mad e uf sh i n~· k s , ti11, iron, 1.\c.
A - - is t ill' l1·atl !• r nt' a pa rty .
?lfy grand t~ttliu "al ks 1\·it h ;t - -- .
] [i ~ h Lllltl - - 11·,· ru ()il(" ;.' \'C'ry lllillH'l'Oll S .
T he· .J e\,·:; \\·cnt oul \\·itl1 ,_,.,.1.rds and - - to tak e the

- - , sa id th e h os pitaulc man to his g ues ts.
- - pay at tent ion, aud you will have little trouble.
Gr c r~ 11 fruit is - -.
Y o u ha\·c made mis take!:!-- .
- - all the requ irements of !:!chool.
Do not - - you r wonls.
A cascade is a - - .

iu g li st of \\·urd s

ue i11trudttt:(•d i1ilo til e
se1 llt ·1w L's, ta l;iug c are io di s c-ri111iJ1 :lt t· lw t we e n
aiiinn rdivc a1Jd irncr rog:t tiY e st' nir·n <.: e::;.

EXLllCfS J·;

carcfLLl
w;cf1 il

welcome
ahrnys

h ur tf1il
already

fulfil
m iscal'.

" ·aterfall
till
imtil

- - you ca me, sh e bchaYe1l well.
You cannot go - - - yon han fi ni shed yo 1tr task .
- - anu diligen t scholars tnak - - members of society.

ere

all"

c er
all

altar
alter
a nnt

h eir

a \1·1

ant

'.;·:·

...

111 :1y ll!)\\f

LESSON X X V.

ail
ale

XX lV .

·•

Ev 1·:H Y c hild k1ww :-; liow to ask a r1u csl ion, but
·y c ry fow k110 w how lo p11u d nate it prupl'rly. Au
i11tL·1-ro!;«t1 io11 poi11 L i:-; 111:1d e illus(?], and is 1o be
pl<.1L·cd at 1ll<' <· 11d of l";ny ipiest io n . 'l'lic fullo\\·-

Savio LLr.
Th e - - c-arri C' ,.; 1l1 e ,-\ nv·rica11 Il a ~ at its summi t.
.1\ll th e - - of th e :;liips \\'UC drapet l in black when
the presi d ell t JieJ.

LESSO~

31

F. X GJ. JS.H C O:\[I' OS ITIOX.

f.'-:

S l·: :'\'J ' L:\CE S .

a:-; se nt

arc

ascC' nt

a isle.:
isle

ankcr
an ch or

a11g11t

ark
al tl1 1!l

au g< ·r

ad ds

otq.;ht

a llu wi;1l

au gnr

rulze

\\'hat - - yo 11 ?
I have JraHk too mu ch - -- .
Can yon cl im b th e - -- ?
I will - - nu r; 11, if not!1i 11 ;; h <qip c: ns.
Have yun been u:ct to lake th e - - thi:; nwrning?
Y cs, my - --, awl 1 hav e tak1•11 a walk.

,,

.

32

·will you - - rcmem bcr what I say ?
\\le will not forget - -.
- - yott not to lo \' e )"<Htr pa rent" ?
Ye· ; i 11 this res pe rt, we· :-;houl,l ncYc r - - .
The carpe nter rna tle \1sc of a n - - .
J>id you :-;cc t h e sho e maker's - - ?
K o; bn t I saw the sh ip's - -.

Do you k110\\· w ho lrnilt th e - - ?
Yes; and wh e n th e fluol l was O\·c r, l\oah cr cctc1l an
- -, u1ul offe red sarrific-(·;-: .
I n E ngla 11 d, the cldc,;t son i:-i - - t o all his father's
pro pe r t.y .
1.:; hull \ \"l' - - be frec(l fro m p:1 in ?
Y es; \1·liu1 -- - t ri c· n tc r pa ra t1ise.
"\\' ill ynn 11 alk u p llie - --- ll' ith me ?
] \\'i ll: ln i t \'011 i n11st n 11 t. ~ p C'a k - -.
Th e -- - liH·cl t: j H> ll - - -- • :i11 d prd,- n,ktl t o tel l fort un cs .
A n - - - is a Jht di 111 c•;1s ure co n taining te n win e gallo n:;.
\Vill yo n - - t o m y request ?
I cannot, for you " ·ill cut you rself wi th the cooper's

--.
An - - is part of a circle.

IN il l l ' rul l1 >\\"it1 g k ~so 11 , t•xcla lll rt1i o n pui11t s a re
introJu e vd, 1 1iu~ ll J. Tli e:;c ma rk s deno te wha t
th e ir n a 11w irn pli <':-:, ;i n d me · ll :-'('d at illl' (' JH.1 of exclamato ry :-:c 11 r1· 1H·c·:-: , "hO\\·i11 g ,.; 011 lf' ,.; ndd t·n passion
or emo t io1 1.

.B.'\GLISII

FIR T LESSONR IY

LESSO ~

EX EllC l SE l X

bad
batlc
bail
bale

bPar
bare
bark
liarq ac

ba se
Lass
bay

bey

~3

COMl'OS lT IO ~ .

•

:XX.VI .
S J: .'\ TE.'\GES.

bc: ll li ca c: h iJ c· rry
bel le b l~ cc. li lllll")'
L,·at bk \\"
UC
bbe
lJl'd
bee

t,

J :J~,! 1

l 1» IV
il<lli r n

bo rn c

bal l

l
l• n ·ad
IJre,I

- - is t h e sta ([' of l il ~'.

\\' as n• ;t

.J oli ~1

i.

liil \ \ "

11·ell - - ?

.. . .

\\· ashi11 '.~tu 11 \\·a s - - t u tlie g rave lamc ntc J by n
natio n.
Our fri cmcb ha·. c passcJ that - - from \\·he nce no
trnYcllc r n •t1trns.
\\' as yo11r fri c: id a - - a t tli c party?
Y C's ; and :;lie: ,,·ore a - - clr ~ss .

D iel you com e 11·h c n t he - - ran 11 ?
N o ; a - - st11 n;; me, and I clitl -- - like a Laby.
H ow ean yo n - - so - - - as to :-;te a1 !
I - - yo u carr y hom ' th e - - .
\Vhat a fe ro cio us - - !
You ar c a - - boy to injure the - - and k i.ll the
tree.
Di J you sec my Jrnliu- rn 1bcr - - ?
Y es; and I - - it as har ll as I co ultl, but \\"a s not
ahl e to inj11rc it.
In Fra nce, s 11gar i:-; matlc..: fro m t h e - - .
vVoulJ you like t o sail in my - - ?
0, " ·hat a a uwk \\·anl - - !
TL e hig h 11·ind broke off th e - -- - of th e - - tree.
How beautiful N e w Y urk - - i:i !
I love to ul a v "n ; ..,

..

'j

"'

34

FillS T LESSONS

Sec whut a fin e kind of - - grows on the bush!
The win<l - - fu riously wh en the - -· attempted
lea1·e Algiers.

to

\ Vhat an enormous sum fo r - - !
Alas ! Do no t - - m e in a Iit tl c co untry village l
The - - idl'a mak es m o :-;lt111 ld l' r.
Th0 leade r of t h o choir sings - - .

LESSON XX.VII .
EXE!l C I S J-;

l:\'

SEXT J::-<C.ES .

collar
cl w k r

"
sc al i u g-

clim e

cdh r
iit ·lk r

co;tr,.;e

rLwse

cru1,;c

Cu11r.~e

cla \\' S

Cl'l'\1'.S

ce:;s 1011

n 1·ak

ci te

c·ygti•.·t

compliment
complement
cu lln cil
comm el
cru el

Sl'liS ll)l l

CJ'el' k

s ig ht

s i g 11 ct

er e wc.:l

Cii.lllHJ ll

('<l : l() ll

ce ili1w

cl imu

Hny s , \\·ill yo1 1 fi re that - -

?

/ '.f'tn j ui11in ;.;· a clwrclt, \1·c

l1a\'(J

35

E> GT.T:>H CO\lT' OS ITION.

I~

cousin .
cozen

:J.:'~J

Yes; if th ey will allow tlzat small - - to be the
boundary line .
Congress is , at pr esent, in - - ; anil my - - to yo n
· is, to present yo 1n p etition after - - it wiLh yo ur O\\'ll
Tho - - seek,.; th e wat er us soon a s lzatclH 'C l.
\ Vhat an ironical - - !
I ombroiclerc<l my - - with - - - - .
Do you mean to - - m e by telling me s uch an alJsurdity?
You n oo<l not display any - - if I do .
I shall pursn e my O\\'ll - - .
The grizzl y bear has immense - - .
A - - is a part of a :.;e nt ence .
Have we our - - of scholar:> to-day?
I shall - - yo 11 to app ear in cour t .
The doors all - - , aml the - - i:i falling .

;,,

,;

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LESSON XX.VIII.

r

....

!•:··

1

.EX :E l: c rst: IX SE:XTE:\CES.

dear

·

~~

nu right to violate

i ts - - .
That - - <i C frnit r esides in a -- .
My - - is 11ut good, so that 1 cannot soc tho upo n whi ch th e moHum ent is pla cc1l.
\\' hc11 \\'(' - - m o u11tai11 s , w e rcar h Jiffcrent - - .

"'

deer
due
dew

done
dun

die
dye

deign
Dm1e

<lraft
tl o11gh t1 ra u g lt t fe int
tlo c

do:;t
ll 11,.; t

•~

feat

fore

flour

fl'. et
faint

fair

f!u\\' C f

Dew

fore
four

flue

f11\d
fo1tl
fl ('a

£: ('(!

·~

~\:"
~
1 ..,

1:

Th o - - of' both t he ships \\' Cro l o:~t .

])id t hey - - along- the cua::;t of Africa?
Y c,.; ; an cl they sa \\' many - - nations.
Alas ! The - - has con d emn ecl my - - to death!
Will the - - of the territory malt e peace?

'My - - eLil<l ! llo\v f' Clll yotL <1rinl< s 11c h a - - - :·
How many of 011r 1>1! :-'to rt.1 ;111 · : : arc - - tu our f. uzlt.,; !
Can yon t each t he: - - to - - cloth ?
The - - i :; so h"a \' y tl 1 i,.; rnorn in ;.; ti: at it has la ill t ! 1C

-.

{.-'.·,fr .

,.-

~

::

~.

3G

FIRST J.F. SS ON 8 IN

S ec how the - - b o ttn(l o\·cr the prairie !
0, one pL)lll' - - is \\·oundcd !
- - t hou loYc to stud y and to learn ?

liC' r lian:l,;

Th e

;.n«~

cl •-;u i.

111 c·1T lia: 1t' s - - -

\\a s nu t accepted at the bank.

\\' kit ;t - -- -of a ;.;- ility !
were a r u pc danc er.

Y o u use yo ur - -

·grate
g reat
guilt
g ilt
gait
gate

grease
Greece
groan
grown
guessed
g uest

hair
h are
ball
hanl
hart
heart

h ale
h ail
heal
h eel
h ear
here

higher
hire
h im
hymn
ho le
wh ole

. hoop
whoop
hoard
horde
hour
our

•.• {1

as if you

Th e alkctt:Ll young lady :-;ai<l t11at she was - - , but it
only a -- .
Tl1 c - - ran n\Yay, and we coulll not cntch it.
Om daily - - \\'as good bread, made of - - - - .
Th e re wer e - - d ifferent kinds of - - in the bouquet.
Docs the - - smok e ? Y cs ; it is so - - .
\\'li at a n acti\·e little creature is a - -.- !
The - - \\·lt ec ls of the carriage are broken.
- - ! - - ! your lives arc in danger.

\\'~1 s

LESSON

t.

EXER CISE IN SENTENCES .

I li aYc - - \1·l 1:1t I coul1l.
\\"c - - , all<l pa ,;s away from the memory of man.
'!'he - - is ot' a - - cn lor.
Th:' cook i::; ll(Jt u· r ~· i 1(' ;d·. for sh e lloes not - - to see
tl ia 1;

37

ENGLISH COMPOS ITI ON .

XX.IX

h 1liis l1·ss011 1li1~ pupil will notice the semicolon, made thus [ ;] . Jt (k notcs a pau se t wice
as lollg as a cornnrn.
The p hra se fo llow ing it
sho 11ld begi n with a small feller. There,are some
e x ception~ to this rule , but. they will not be noticed here.

A - - is made of iron; it is used wherever coal is
burned.
T h e murderer's - - was great; he kille d his own
fath er.
The - - of Dabylon appeared to be - - ; they were
m ade of Lrass .
- - was once th e scat of ar ts and science ; now, how
is she fall c: n Crom h er hi :.;h e;; tate !
My - - h all a very s <ranC\'c: - - ; h e was lam e m
con sequence of a wo1rnu .
How you - - for a l ittle li 1irt !
\ Vhat a mi:-;take fo r a - - g irl !
Ifave you - - the richlle ?
No ; I triecl for an - -, but co ul!l not.
Bear 's - - is ver y commonl y nsed fo r the hair.
D id you sec the - - pass ?
0, you h av e kill ed th at n ohlc - - !
I wou ld h ave le t - - go .
My-- did beat to - - the Indian' s - - .
• H is - - was m uch - - ther e th an an y wher e else .
,. M y physician did - - m e, and now I am - - and
vigorous.
D id yon hang your bonnet in th e - - ?
Yes; bu t som e one "· ill - - it dow n again.
4

. ,'

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.

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~

~

.i

t.

tL.

}'IRST

J,ES::;o:-.-s

lX

}~ NGJ.I

\\"hat a terribl e storm of - - !
AcLill cs was sho t in th o - - .
- - the words of \ri sdom; - - f'he reigns supreme.
The - - ass emlily sang a - - .
- - domestic can - - a lianel a well as a cooper.
The miser hi d his - - in a. - - .
How I s hould fear to m eet a - - of savages !

I.EBRO~

EXE ltC 1SE

indict
in <l ite
11111

111

loan

lone
key
qua;
knead
ncc1l

knave
nave
kill
ki In
!C'ss,·n

J l t' \\'

kni ght
ni g ht

knot
not
know
no

lane
lain
lead
lc<l

The in to xi cate<l man lies - - the - - .
H e bas - - there all - -.
The grand jury will - - that man for perjury.
A - - would as - - t ell a falsehood as not.
- - ! I alll with you alway, even unto the end of the
,yorld .

1\fy father - - me to the - - mines.
l fow dreary the life of a - - h ermit!
Can you not - - the number of mistak es m your

-- ?

xx x.

I:-; SE:-i'TEXCES .

lul\' w

39

II COMP081TION.

leuk
leek
lief
leaf

liar
lyre
lo
low

Apollo was said to hav e inYented the - - .
I \\'ill grant you the - - at a very - - rate of percen tag-e .
The t;hip - - ; 0, 'we shall all be drowned!
How I du <lislike the smell of a - - !
Have you drawn that - - correctl y?

......

• 'i ~
.,

~..:
~ f

'

•

lt-s:- O!l

Hricks art: burned in a - - .
J low can you l> c~ so cruel as to - - the llttlc insect!
\\ "hat a - - ! J le h rukc the - - , and thus cndan0irr rc(l th e lir<'s of all in the car ri!l:.!C'.
.,
Yon - - nu t - - that. letter ; it " rill tlo no good.
They - - that t li e ft1rniturc was no t - -.
I lost the - - to my <l1 ior on the - - .
The - - :-topped at the - - in the - - .
Will you be kind eno ugh to untie this - - ?
I have - - the tillle to spare ; you must ask some one
else .
0, I have misse d 111y - - !
Our cooks will - - tho bread.
I have ha<l - - time to -<l ay .

LESSON XXXI.
EXEll C lSE

made
mai(l
·male
mail
mane
main
pair

pare

marshal meat
martial mec.:t
mean
poll
rmcn
pole
ll\ (';1.(]
maize
maze
meed
pique
JW<lr
peak
pee r

I~

SE~TE;>;CI~S.

mi~ht

mite
moan
11\0WJl

more
inowe r
pier
place

mule
mewl
plane
plain
Illl ll el'
m111or

nay
neig-h
oar
ore
o'er
one

plaiee

My - - - - the coffee this morning-.
The - - pe rforms his work by - - strength.

won
Otle

owc tl
p ail
pale
pane
pain

' <

41

ENGLISII COMPOSI TION.

A carpenter makes u se of a - - in order
boards - - and smooth .

The t.h icCs - - ,,:as - - :uHl C<.J \rnnlly.
Tho - - was drcsscll in - - at tire .

!

Th e - - i:; O] W tl '~ d; ,_; cc whctlw r
no t.
Ca11;ulian lwr,; t'S lia1·c ln11;.!; a:1 ,[ f;t!J - - .
" - - is r i;. ~;lit ." is :tll uLl pr11\· ,, riJ .

r

have any

Dr<'adfol arc the - or th e dyi11 .:.; on th o fi eld of
bat tlc .
• Cra,_;s j,.. - - hy th e - - , a1 1tl 1~· lien prnpn 1y c1;rcd is
called l1 av.
Yo11 are a ·- - ; yon arc nut Ft t we n ty-one years old.
I am not ; I am - - tha11 tktt.
- -, I c;mnot g in ~ you the: ,_;p ccimc n of - - .
I lost rny - - ro\\"in ;; - - t !tc lake.
- - ma1 1 - - all th 2 priz es i11 the lottr ry.
l\Iany po e t,; l1a vc wri tte n - - , to whi ch they have
- - all th eir f;une.
J >id yo1 1 he; tr th e hors e
Your g11 ilt j,.. ,_;liown h)· yo11r - - fac .
.\ ~lazit ' r c:un r: tu :-;l't t.he brol-r·1t - -.
l hit 111y r.. "t with a - -, 11 l1icl1 was the cause of my •
Httlli..'r in~ 11111.-:1 - -.
- - 11v a - - pf
The - - or .\l llU!ll. \\'a,.;hi ;1:_.;to 11 ]'4 :ii:\. t housand Sll'
l1nn<lrell and :-;ix t y f\...:t abo,·c tltc lcn·l of th·~ sea.
.: \ s a H'JFI bl ica!l. I l1a \"l ' a - - a :~·; 1 i11s ' ·1 - - .
Th e ice cani t:d u:i' th ,; - - , a:d ".- c ran not rebuild the
briclge .
;i:iy - -

at tl1a t

- -?

r end er

.: '
;

The p arrot has a g reen - - .

LESSON

Jett c~ rs tll"

])jJ yutt c; ttc!1

\o

\Ve will have a May - - next May day .

\ Vhat a <1u antit :-' of - - gm"·" in lllinois !
How the - - t11r kcy strut,; a1Hl g11hlile::; !
Th e - - is fl'c ding u n the - - .
Our ca t - - f'u r - - .
Til e lal>nillth c•f ( ·r..:t c ,,·as a - - .
H\ t ll

·. ·
' .

J~ Xl::RCISE

paw s
p a use
p eal

peel
pray
p rey
ru11g
Wrtlll O"

profit
proph et
plu m
pl uin u
p ore
po ur
rough
ruff

Minl l yo.u r - -

XXXII.

IX S.E NTENCJ:S.

p eace
pie ce
p lca!-!C
pl ea!'!
plait
plate
r ead
reJ

rain
r e1rr n
"
re in
rai se
rays
raze
r ee k
wreak

rite
ri gh t
wrig ht
write
rin g
wnn ~

ro ar
r ower

rap
wrap
rye
wry
r oe
row
rote
wro te

,. ·

!

The tige r has born e off hi s - - ; I see the mark s of

hi s - - i n the sand.
I - - you not t o di:> Lclie vc the - - ; he tells you
t h e tru th .

- - the - - tip o n th e - - .
Do n ot ca t the - - of t he oran•.re
,., .
D id n!Jt the hell s - - a merry - - on Chri stmas
morning?
- - write yo nr words in a straight - - .
A lawyer - - - - , and d eliv ers th e m before the
judge .

I will g ive you n o - - unl ess I have a - - .
A - - is a leaden weight.
4 -;r-

I

.

43

E:N G I,I S !I COMl'O S lTIO:-<.

Pe r::: iiraliu! l L' '\ :1 l1 v ,.: f1"<> !11 t h e - - of tho skin.
T he bun tlrl',;:' mak e ,.: a g« iu Ll - - \l' li L; n ~;ho - - i1n

LESSON XX.XIII.

fr i ll s .
:l! d

k t'L 111 (~ tu 'rnlk borne in

t.1 1( ' -- .

'!'Ii. · - - - -· ol' t ii L· iir:d t"u: ir ki 1 1 ~~ s ul' !to me wore rcmarka !ik f,l r L\ 1.·i r L·n.; Ll i.

- -

t11 "

cJi il ,l

j><• u r

frum

t\ll; ;; rnu11d, and - -

it up

i 11 \\'ill'lll v[,,t l1i11g- .
J low da .'.1.li 11 g <l 1T t ii •..; - - o J' l li e S llfl !
T ltr_, :-:a ,· :~:-; ··,; .!itl - - th (' dh ~c t ;; th e gro uml; many
\ H ' lT

t ill;

lwart,.: - - - o n t1 1a t tcrril ilc 11ig!1L.

~I~- \l'Ultli1 1.:!; - - - 1\'a :' o f p b i11 gult l.
tli: tt tl1 c - - uf c·1·u 1· cliu rd 1 ::;lwuld be
l L is

r:·s; 1 'l' t ·: cl.
·1·1i .. 11·~ i · · :· l- --

th ..

:--l~ ~ l .l 1 " .~:'

Ill' h i::

11

r. ,L: a

:-;1111.l

i1:t n cl . n otw ithstanding

Ji1 1 :~ < ' L: .

\ J. de1 :: •il - - - \:)(' it ;· ;Hh u i' J 1 Jll~ L: 11·Li o love }Ult
~~ I i. ( 'l \

I'':

S t ·l'.

uy

~:I .. ii \ l ! 1: {' t .

,,·\1;tl

:t

----

L1ct'

h r. ' " 111a ki11g h r. c ~wse h e is

an g ry !
- - ls a k ind o f ;; r:u11.
Tlic - - ul' a certai n killll of fi:-;h is cunsitl ered a great

ucl ic<l<' )' l iy lli L! !~u,; ,.; ians . an cl i:; C'all c c[ caviare .
J g aYC a - - lu Lhc Gell, and i t - - .
O, tw c n Lli 1.al ieth w urc a - - on lier n eck.
T he - - o f 011r 1JOat was a - - man.
D id th e liti n - - ~
Y es; <llt tl it fri ~h tc n eLl m o so that all the - - forsook

my eh ecks.
Hav e yu11 - - un·r yo ur l ('ssol! c·arefnlly?
Y cs ; :rn rl l lun e al su karn ctl it liy - - .
Tho Imliun:-; were a cc ustom ed 'to - - thc.:ir vengeanco
upon the c1ilonists by um·1J!n g th eir bouses, and then

leaving th crn to - - in th e ir ov. 11 hl onrl .

-

1-: XElt C lSF: 1:-.f SC:'\TE" C E ::L

seen sleight s teel stake
scene slight :;Lare s teak
sew soul
8lair strui~· ht
sc.;c
sow sol o
strait
steal
~ r' a
so
stil e
to
two
ti e d tear
too ti d o
t:Lre Yam
wade

wauc ,\-oud

s tyl e
S O tH C

tal c
lail

p ensahlc tl iat :1 young lady slw u lll
of s1 1clt a 11 ,; .. f'1il a r t.
:i. 1Hl

th e ir
th e re
threw

t o 11·

; it is a - -

,,
;:,

t i1m:
thym e
way

"
;;.

·'

\\' l·ig h
11 ee k

!

...

•
:

of :·rnrpass-

l

\Vil! yo n gn tu m a r ke t ari tl u:iy a
I - - tha t _l'Ul l cl1 i nut k1w11· l!u-.1· t·u - -

,

toe

sum te ar
tack:; t iC' r
tax:
t eam
thro:1 ~;- h
van e vale
YCil
ve in warn
11·cak
wuiiltl we igh ed

I have - - a s nn sc·t at - ing b ea u t y .

Go - - up - -

t r:e rn

;.

: it

1s

inJi ::; -

1i a'. r: ...___ J; 1 1 1 11.\· !1 ·, l ;~L:
'

t

p ut y: i;r r r1)u: 11 in on l·· r.

- - th o so wer - - Lis scc: d; h :.: lius quite a - - - ut
hand.
:J\fartyrs " ·e re anci ently h11nwd at t h e - - .
- - - - re;t1 1rnecl to lli;n '"lw ~ave tli clll.
How - - an• all tl1in gs h ere hdow !
B e twee n Dm·c r an ll ( 'alai" - - is a narrow - - .
vVill yo11 11ti L take 1n l1rc· pai 11s ,,·ith your - - ?
It require:; n o - - Rt.! 1dy 111 writ e we ll.
Job was aflli c h' ll l'; ·n:11 th•.' c rown of his htacl to the
- - of hi:; f\Ju t.

To - - is to brc:ak tli c e ig hth eo 111mandrncnt.
Damaseus swords we re rn:Hl c of tho finest - - .
I d.o not Wtlndn tha t yon - - at th e - - .

.;,...>

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;

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4 -l

l'IRST T.F.

so ::x ~

IX

45

ENGI.ISH CO MPOS1TTON.

All nature - -

' ri lh b eauty .

The p c a s·1 11l \\': \ s d:·1·ss<' d in - - d oth .
You harn 1111d ~ipli l·t l liy - - figu res instead o ! three.
Ha1·c yu11 not I L·arn l'd about the - - of T empe in yout
Mythology?
Y cs ; w e learned i t List - - .
\Ve nail down car pets with--.
DiJ you no t i:;ay t hat your - an1ounte<l - - fifty
<lollars ?
Y es; and I - - not pay it if I co u!J amid it.
The mark et man\; - - run all'ay an<l spilled the co nt en ts of his - - ; the y were - - am! - - ; however,
he finally caught t he o xen and - - · t lw m fa s t.
\\'lial an a bsunl - - to tell!
Th e - - of a f:qn irrcl is its grea test hcauty.
\\' c silt in t li l' fron t - - at tlic f·on rcrt; an(l :Vfmc . N
tlrt·w - - fr11m 011r eyes by he r p:tthl'ti<.: si ng inb.
If w e n ow iinpror c o u r - - , we sl1all he happy - li fe.
H e - - a stonl', and it hurt my - - .
IJow rc•" ularlv the - - r ises and falls !
"'
,
The doctor fi rst - - up th e arm , and th e n opened a

M erchants arc obli ge d to compute - - on all the goods
whi ch they - - .
Docs th e - - p oi nt to th e cast ?
No; it has not pointe d that - - fur several clays .
} fow di(l )"O il - - )'Olli' - - ?
I t caught 011 a Grandt as I \\'as pass ing - - a -- .
The m oo n - - - once a m1mth.

I stepped npon th l' scal es, and was - - .

LESSON

XXXIV.

Q UOTATIOK

~IAHKS.

Tll E learner will pay p:uti('nlar atte 11 tion to 1he
followi11g <lirec:tio11::;, as th e kssun ca nno t l)c eorn·c1 ly \\'ri1tcn wi1l1 o ut a tlwrn11 ;..\ lt undcr::; ta111li11 g
of 1Jlt'iil. ([uula1ill ll l ll;tl"l\:::i :ll'l' .il1 \'1T!t·J l ' Olllltt:\ :-: ,
i1 1ui1w
:in d 1•11d of a s 1 · 1lt.-11 (·t~ c·o11·
:"")
i""'l
l)l :1t'l'd :1 t 1lw lH'u
tai11in1r
t·x
:1c1Iv1
Ill'
\\
'
OJ'(
1
:-:
of 1ill· :'w t l1or; viz .," l ln11:;
.
csty is flit~ lll':-:1. poli cy,'' j,, a 11 uld prov1·rl>. L(·t 1lic
learn<'r i11~: n t qno::11 iP 11 111a ;·:; :-: i11 tlll' prnpc r pl:i ct·s
i11 1111· !'() ll n-., · i11 ~ :-it·1t11· 11 t·t·s , pu1w tn :1 ti11g tli etn prec isely, in otl 1c r rcsp cc:is, a ::; tlll'y :.Hl' printed: H em cmLc r tliy Crc;.1 tor

lll

th e day ::; of thy youth,

~ay ::;

Solomon .
A fayorit c max1rn a:non g a11i:i e ut \l'isc m e n was, l\11ow

thys elf.
Has t e mak(·s \1-aste , i,.: a trnc

sayrn~ .

Honor thy fath er a inl rn"th c r , is a co mmand of C o il.
Th e tr•a clil'r saiLl, Att end to yo u r le,.:so11 s.
Th ~

\\'i ,; e ma n ltns sa id , \\" inu i,-

mo c: k c:r.
Es cl1 c \\' e\·il an ,[ do ~u od, is a cu mrnand of Holy \\-rit.
Time fli, ·s, i:o a L atin pro1·c·rh.
] le \\'li t> sL·:il s rny p :ir,;e s t:·:i ls tra;;h, sa y:; a m od ern
po t• t.
Ca ·,; ar 's !i'.'a>. tfol rn ·• ss:t;_; L' \\as, 1 Ca!Jl (; , l t;a w, I conq ucrl' d.
1:alaa1:1 ('X t·lainwr l. L eL 1 nr~ di 1: thr · 1h·ath of !h e ri g htco11~ . a11tl kt: rny ]a-;t P: 1'l 1> '. : l ik e liis .
Tint l' and tid 1• wa!t '."ir n1.1 111:1:: . is a1 1 1ild a cb .~t'.
]Vfy rno t h, r ,;a id . i lurry . J,11n·; t k· ;:choo] l,dl ha s jll~t
r11n g, a 1,d .1·1111 ., ,·i ll l !:' Lt r-.
;.1.

¥

;_+~

f• ';.<

1· 1R .' T

l.l·:sso ~s

l\fary, sai.tl the teachn, t!u not il1le a\\'ay yutll' time.
P lease, ;;i s kr, exclairne1l a little gi rl, g·ivc me a ni ce',

Fann y , your c:\.nc1s e necc1;:; some correction, said my
teach er.
\\' e all tlo fa tlc a,; a lea!', i::; tlt c exclama t ion of one

rosy apple .

,\'Ji u has Llccply Cdt the sl uirt~1 C'S !~ and u11 ce r tainty of human li fo .
?11 ,. J car cl1il11rl' n. let llll rn:it of l1itt c rncss spnng up
<Llllllllg' yuu, is the vxlui rt ation of :rn ap<.>stl e .
Fin : fcat11cr!; rn :il;c Ji n., Lir,J~, sai Ll tlw 11i c;-l1ting-alc to
tlit.: pl' acock .
\\ 'lmt a b '.:a tt tit'u l Y t/ll'l' 1 ha \·c . s«id the JuJJk cy.
Try tu p un ct 11atc p ro p er ly , sai tl th t· t<'ach cr Lo her

Remc mlJe r, chih1re n, saill my mother, not tu iui sspclHl
your tim e in school.
0

Charlie, pleadctl my brother, Jo not tormen t th e

poor littl e kitten .
John, comma111lcd his fathC'r, oh cy ynt1r parents an<l
teachers .
l am so rry, apolug·ir.l'< l the carclt,:;s sc111Jlar, that I 1li d
no t pay attC'1i!iu11; l sl101l l1l han· know11 1n v lf.ss111t ii' r

had.

scholars.
I ha vc tric<l, am\ I can not, a1 i::: w c n~d one who did not
like the trouhl e of paying strict <tLLt.: 11Liun.

.James, sa id his uncl e., go to ruarket anJ lJ11 \' a 1 Jl'1 ~i'­
st,~ak .

Y CS , l!!lclc,
as I can.
LESSOX

47

lc XGLI SH CO.\U'OSITIO:-<.

r~

illlS\\'CJ'C!l

the

.

hPY ·

'

I will go

as

;< ()t) JI

My pretty cauary, exclaimed the grievccl chilli, you \\iii
never sing any lilt1l'C.

XXXV.

V enus , c xplainccl

th e

teacher, \\'as the god1\ess oi'

br-:rn tY.

·

Few p eople, remarked the lecturer, know the Yalne of
time.

B1,swr:s direc-t, n11i1ii<·rrnpkd q11ufations, which
are bt·gn11 wi1h :t capii:tl kttcr, 1ltl'l'L' are quotations
wl1i c lt arc i11 1nrnpkd by e....:p L111 :t1ory d:rn:-:cs. In
SU('li ('.;lSl':-i , flic S( ' tlkll('('. q11011·d (' ()llllfl(' l)('. (;!'\ with a
eapii.d, w!tilt: till' c·x pL1na 1ury l'htts• : begin::; with a
sm;ll[ lc tkr, :111d ;ilso llw co11tit1u<11io11 of the quotat iou; as," .Juli11," ;-;;,iid Iii,; si .. : 1cr, ·'yo n will be hte
at school il' vu11 do 110(. hmry.'' Ld. 1he ka111cr
punduate tile l'ullowi11g :-:e nil'11ecs, taking care to •
place 1he pn net 11 ;1 1 io!l cxad ly as it is pri uted, and
introdnei11g il1c qno1a1 ion marks, according to the

New York, says the Geography, is the large;;t city in
the U nited State,;.

LESSO?;r

xxxvr.

QUOTATION MARKS.

js still another class of quohtions, which
may be termed quotation,; ·w ithin quotations, con si::;t.ing of i he words of a third person repeated and
THERE

model.

_.] !

~

.. -

Fl itST

·18

addressed to a not htr. Jn su ch ca.scs, the quotation
co n ta.inc<l will1in anot h er 11111:-:1 be marked with
f; i11 glc cnn1rn<1:-;, while 1li c p r i1wi pa l one remains as
F anny,' 1· :-; po:-:t1da1c d my mother,
· t ',\\
· I· Oil( ·(.·' " " Cl1a1·les ' "
· I\ j \\' ·(("\' l)\' 1·l)}'(')· Oil :-p
"' Il1111
f'.a id rny fatlH.·r, "'all i:-1 110 1 gol d tb a.t gl itters ;' re-·

lwfu rl';

:1 :-;,

'l 'l)e t· ~ u·1 \ ) l' · s a t1a,~' '·A· s·~.. :. 1 1

11\\'

fatli r r. is. ,-\. stitch in time

S<l\' C S ntll C.

.};.il ia, w a r 11c1 l i1 1y l" ~tch '.· !", ]l1it-. \J'. ·fo rc pleas ure, should

lw

nn1 r n1<it.t tl .

pr ;\ ·· :·!1 . a ~ \ ' ti :t li : t L· ~: ; rl.
l ~ t~a · 1i \' i:; : 11: t :-:~ i11 d1. p. '' :1:-; n 1:· n ·1 d.\' .
Yo 1111g h : ~ i ,··.;_ n·1 : \"l1:-t ~· : 1 L" l tl ll. ! ·a .· li" r , r<'111crn h er that,
Tim e ]ll~ t 1n· 1·,. r r t-11:~·1 ,·.. i:<:1, i 1·1:•: :11>":; ;1s ·xh 1: 11 it was first
Tvll

11 ;c· :1

1

u tterr1l by t:1 c 11,·i:;c nwa.
That t he Lla r k •: ,:t Lllt i r 1 ~: .i11 ;< I h .. f~1r '.) chy, saiJ my
m u th1· r , ]las u:·iu1 l i"" 'l ,, ·ri 'il' (L 111 mr o,,·n <'xperience.
\\"t• an · a1 · ~; :1;~ ]'l'·' ' " :;· lis , :.ai ·i 111 v s1 ,;Lrs; plea se give
\IS 0 11\ ' .

ho11s :·s sho1ild n"t 1l1ruw

,;t q 11 1· ~.

Ho \\· tr 11(• tlt c· ,;a~· in :.l;. n·::1ark .- rl 1n1· s 11b l.' r brother, that
man prup11,. :·:< . i1t1l (;ud d i sj><l:i\·..;.

11 r1 il l ' :t 111•ll'l' lll';iu l il't1 l us well as true
::;r~ ntime1t t , ,.:;1i tl th e critic, tha:i tliiH: Guel 111alle the country ; man

(J l;O'L\.TlOX
Q uo TAT!0 .'1

11 ··n· r

n~a tll'

the tu wn.

:

.

.

. '•

XX.XVII.

.···,,

i\l.'\.UT\. S .

111:uks sliu ul <l J1o t

lit '.

w·wd wllt'w t he

language l'Xj>l'C S::i t ':-' ilte idea,.; of :.111 01Jlt' r, !Jn t not
the exact words. Thi:-; is <ill error \vliid1 fr"q11cnt ly
occurs ·with lwgirnwrs, and grl'a1· cnrc s lilHdd be
taken to avoid it. The l'ollowi1 1g S<'t1knc:1~ will illnst ratc th e c rrnr: Ellt·11 1ol d 111 '' 1ltat" :-; ]w did uot spui l
t he book." Tltc q1w 1; 1: i o 11 marks slio11lll 11 ot be u :;ed,
inasm1tc:li a :-; E lle11's ow n WlH ( b :1rl' 1101. f(•pi: ~ dcd. It
should b;Ln~ i><T t1 \\Ti fkn without rwy q11ntn1ion
m ark ::;, 1hu :-; : Ellt- n to ld 1:1c 1liat s lic did not spoi l
the book.
Let the k ·nn e r pnndn:1tc t l1 c rulluwing exa mples jn accordance with 1lw preced in g rul1.::s on t he
subject of qu otali 111 1 t11ark s : -

..

~: ~
Thal es 111ain la ; ir; ,[ tli :tt tl t1:.: s 1q ir c :11 ~ · (;ud \\'as e tnJ1u.l
and m1 crcate cl.
Chilo, t he Spartan, says , 'J'h n: c tlti:1;s:> arc must difficult: to k cl' p a secre t; to hear i11jurie8 wit h patil: uce; to
empl oy on e 's time worthily. '
Desire nothing- too mu c·h, 11·as also one of Chilo 's max-

r,

ims.

";r_,

1

:-;l ri l;c ·.-.: bil e th t• 1r1 l!~ 1s lrn1 , 11 :t ~ 1n y rr ply.
H cm r :n lwr. ~ ::id 1:1\' f'ri t' 1l1l. \l 1:Ll tl!os<: 11·h o live in glass

( 'owp1T

LE S SO:\

''

lllt' l rtb l'r 1}1<1t.'

49

'ENGLISH CO '.IIl'U ::; ITIO N .

l.E ssu:-;,.; Ix

r.
;~

'

~ ~
J

(..

1I
}':

t

r=

;.~

Cl co lrnlu~ , one~

of t he SL:1·c n 11·1Hc m en of Greece, aLlvised m en to be goo ll t o their friends, that th ey might
preserve their friendshi p; and to be J, intl to their enemi es ,
that they might mak e fri ends of them.
My child, said my moth er, th ese arc th e worJs in which
Solomon personifies Wisdom : The Lord possessed m e in
5

· 1.

60

F l 1: . T JYs ,; u :x.s IX

t.h e heg inlli ng . l1 cl'11rc Lis 11·o rks u f olt1.
from eve rlastin g , ur C\'(.: r th e cnnh was.

I was set up
.;

One of th e an r tl' lltn ca l !e ll Slee p, th e happy king of
go< ls and nw11.
Thc s(• 11 s , a J;i ng of :\tti (':1. l' r CC'tl'll a colnmn to show
t.lu~ l1 ,111n dar.\' <Jf his ki1 1~ d 1111 i.
011 tl1a t si,lu of the col1111~11 \1·l 1i (' l1 ~: f :i 11 1 l to,.,·:1rd s J \· l"i '1 11111 L·sus 11·as writte'., On
this sidi] i:; I ;(·J,,po1111l· =' ''"·
( ln th e; other side the in;iC'ript iun 11·:1:< . On tl1 is ,.;id 1· j ,; ],, ;1i a.
; \ n a 1H· il· 11L 11l 1il oso 1illl'r h;1s :;;i j.[ tl1 at in orde r to live
Yi r tuott sl y ll' C must a1·pj, [ t l1 ·.' !;t :il t,; ,.,.c s::c in oth ers .
The Scri pt 11re says l lt a~ a t th(' rrcalio n, tho morning
Ht.ars san g

l ugdhcr,

<lllli

a: I t lll'

:-;1 11 1:;

of'

v od shouted

fo r joy.

lt has h c(' !I 11·isd . · r ;· 1;1a r lz,·d t l1 ;d li " :tlt h is tl1 e folicity
uf' th e body, and k11 0 11 · l1 · d ~; 1 · tl :a t or th e 111ind.
\l. y S1111il a y sdw1Jl t c·a1·l1<:r t()ld lit" , said .\bry, that the
J;il il e ~ : 1ys th e re slt:11l 111! a i1 1·11· l :r·:t l'' ·Jl a11J a lll! W earth.
Th u Creek s had a faL! (' t\i ;t! all the elements which
fo rm th e unive r" e - fin·, air, var tl 1, a !Hl \\'atcr - once lay
in a Yast ma:•:; of' c·1111f'11sio1i. in 11 bie lt tl1 c re wa11 no light
no r an\·• li1·i1w
thin".
T hi s rn11diti o n of t he elements
\'I
.
\'I
tl1 ey eall c cl Cl1 iws.

...... .
-

u s wl1at is u sd'i il to wi, " ·lH' t li er \1·e a sk it, or whether
\\' e a s k it n o t! H cf'irne 111:1 \1·l1at ll'ottld h e hurtful to us,

<;\'(' 11

ii' we sl11111l 1l

a:;k

it.

.~

PAHT II .
.,

, .,;

111 COl!JlllOll

..

1~1

J

H

[i

.:,".

,,.,
i~
l'

U:-il'.

.,
i~-~

· 1 ·J!

IN the prcccc.li ng cxc rl'.i ,.;c ,.;, the learner has Lee n
suppos e<l to know 11otlii11g of Grammar. The fol lowin g lt ·sso1h arc infr nd ecl to accornpa11y him in
his study or tha t dillicnll, Ln t most necessary ,
bra11cl1 of kuow l1·dg1·. J11 p rc,.;c11ti11g so m e of 1li1~
prin ~ ipa1 clc11H: 111.-; o f iii' · t:)l'i l'tH ·(~ of La11 g nag 1·,
the dc::; ig 1t i:; to rcud ,·r !lt c ir sig 11iiication anJ use
s o plain that no k;inwr ncl'J l!li sn 1H.lci·staud, or fail
to cornprclll'uJ 1lt cm . T li c kc l11 1i c:a l te rm s are snclt
as are n s t'. d i11 al l g ra t1J111 a r:; of good auiliuri ty, or
I

Our r eli gio n t ea ch es us t o arlcl tu our virtue kno wledge .
l ' lato's prayer wa s . 0 Th <Hl \\'ho art t he King of h eaven,
~~ nu1t

·~!'.

·~

~'

;;,

.

I;"'

1!· ~

k• •'

'

~
f

l• ~11
·1 t.
ii,.. r~· .
r,1 ··1
µ, £,:

LESSON I.

'·

KOUNS.

r;

A Noun is th e tlarnc of ·any person, place, or

thin g.
As a nunn i:; the fir,.;t part of speech of which
a pupil gaius a de a r idea, he rn a y beg in by j11trolucin g on e \vhi ch \\'ill m:1,kc 1-'l'J Jsc , into the foUow (.5 1)

"

'l,:

\

I.
l
t:_

~

'.

t
'

~·

E:\ C J .I S II C O:UPOSITION.

S<'t1ien
ccs , drawi n•r
:1. li1w nnc1 cr the words·
l·n11
ri
..
:"""'J
su! )pli l·d , a;-; i 11 1Ill' prt·Yi o tt.' t· :.;1• rc i;-;c s.

Each

;-;1•11tl-1we

nJ11 s 1 Iw g ·111 w1· t I1 a capt·t.a 1 letter

a11d Lw d\):-i t '< I \'.· i i Ii a jH'riod ; a :' ,

- - pla:-·:-; 0 11 1lll' p i<1 11 u -!'o r i1·.
- - :->: I

Jlluo;
::i!ii11s

j[

t !i t:

ll ll

:-i t ' : t.

011 1l w pi :1 11n-fo rk.

pl :1y ;-;

;-; :1 i l 1>11

1l1c :-i t' a .

L X U t C l SE l.\T S E:\TE:-\CES.

- - draw h C' a ,·y bu rclcn:i.
- - lrnil d h ous e's .
- - !l y i11 tl1t • :1i r.
-- - ln 1 il.~ t !wir n est:~ in trcrs.
_ _ )()\ v t1 1 sl;:1k on tl1c ire .
-

-

- -

Ill\']

ts i L' ('.

:tr .• 111:1d1 · of iro n.

It· or gl as>l.
t h :• S l ' :l .
__ _ _ !1: 1'.T -.1 H!ls.

- -

an·

i, 1;,

- - ]j q•

i ll

S()IJi) [;1d1·,.;.
- - -, - - - . - -. all 11 111st. di1•.
- - ·:: in .~ tlw lu\'C' of all.
- - j,; t'..J ln· pit ied .
- - arc matll' of \\'l )Otl. >;to ne , or brick.
-

or l'<l ;,.\"S .
- - l1a H! firnr feet.

- - i :; lll:uk

- - h :t\T

h\'CJ fl'l°t.

- - }1an· \\·in .. ,: .
- - sh o uld ol,'< ·y tJi ,. ir pare nts a:Hl teachers.
- - cumc fr o1n eatc rp!llars.

'

53

- - arc hateh cJ from eggs .
- - make g ood so up.
- - are co,·ere ll with leu.Y e.i.
- - contain leaves, pages , letters, words, stops, lines,
and all things necessary for - - to learn.
- - J.escri bes the r arth.
- - speak s of tl ic Ji caY enly boJi cs.
- - i':l tho sci e nco of numbers.
- - is a narration of past events.
- - i s the history of the god:; anJ goJ.J.esses worshipped
by th e h eathen.
- - mca1!s tile correct spe lling of words.
- - si g nifil's the p roper pronunciation of worJ.s.
- - tf' acl1cs ho w to s peak anJ write correctly .
- - <·o m ma1Hl s respc·('t.
- - wi 11 mc·d ". i th pun isl un n1t.
- - divicl<'s ti me in to l1ours, minutes, and scconcb.
- - is di,·id ccl int o thee humh-c<l and sixty-five days.
- - con,.;i s ts or t l1irt y or thirty-one days.
- n1a kc hnnrs.
- - n1mina lr .
- - arc cloven f~JlltC lL
- - lian:: iuidi,·i<lecl hoof's .
C'arp c nh~ rs bu ild - - .
Birds bui ld - -.
Emm et :; bui l<l - - .
Th e sun Jiffuscs - - .
The moon li;;hts the-- .
Th e stars bedeck the - - .
The earth t urn s on it s - -.
Inte mperan ce r end ers a man a - - .
Industry d eserves-- .
lcllencss m erits-- .
Food st~·i' 11 L:; tli r ns t he --- -.

f

.

t

I'.

•.

I>

\

5 -:.;.

!ii

54

l 'l RST LESSO:\S IX

E:S-GLISII COMPOSI TION .

55

Hi ,·c rs flo w into th e - -.
The el u uds surrouml the tops of the - - .
Th e horse ran cl\V;1V aml urokc the-- .
Sh e did !lot learn her - -.
J>arc11ts loYC a ll\l chc ri,.:h th eir - - .
C'hildrcn sh o uld oi JL')' thl'ir - - .
Fann er ,: rai.,.: e - - , - -, :tlll l - - .
ll a nl\\·arc m c fflia nb ,.:( ·ll - - - and--.
'l'in1 H· r,.: 111ake - -.. , - - , and - -.
GroC t 'l'>l ::>c· ll - - -, - - , - -. a11d - - .
C'auint·t 111akc r,.: c·on ,;t rnvt - a n<l - - .
( 'h c111i ,; t,; try t•xpc ri111 cnts \Vitl 1 - -.
l '. i st.ur i ~m,; td [ IJf:; uf past ---- .
XoYcli,.:ts \\'rite - -.
] .in g11i,.:ts ar :· me n \\·1.·ll a cq1 1ai11lP1l ,,·ith - - .
P ccll n s ,., ,, .l] - -- - , - - , - - , - - , - - , nnJ - - .
:\I 11sit'ians (('a('l 1 - -, - -, an cl - -.
Icllc girls an< l li:l\S \1 il l L1,.; l' tLc - - .
:\fary l.i ,; t li l·r nc.:'. 1· - - ; - -, - -, anJ - - .
J will n·bt : ~ a f'c·,,· - - .
Cu and pLi y in t h e - - .
H c nw111 IH'r th e - - \\'hich yuu :shoul1l han.: f1tlfil lcd

LESSON II.
ARTICLES.

1

.! .
¥ '

LX UlC!SE

1

·i·'

dIi
i

- - open au ,[ candiJ ans we r is pkasin~-.
- - un tlcrtakiug ii1J p0rilu11s \\·a:-; d cc:li m:J .

J.i

- - llll(l l' rs !a111lin;..; S(J C' C J11q,r ·~ li c 11 s i-.·c was admirc1l by all.

f.

impul>lc ~'' 'rash sh1i ul 1l l1a vc h cc n re sisted.
- - apple \\'as ;.;- i1·c 11 tll ;n r-.

!~

.

,J,

~"

1
. ;} 'na:; I.J '. · ~· n tu
- - u111·1 u o f' mi:J

- - a tmt uf li e r,; l1as

- -- ---

1· j ~,it. l·1 l

E11ropc.
Fra11co .

'
~
J,

~

old p e r so n sl10 1dd t·o111nm1Hl rc,.;pr.c t from all.
l1ar1noniot1 ;; s1i111Hl pk:1s ·,,; Il l e'.
untlt1tiful d a ii ~htc.: r gT i 1 ·vc~ s h er p<Hents.
ove rflowing c11p \\'a,; drai11e1l to the tln.:;;8.
ope n co1111tL·na11c·,, j,.; pl ·..:a ., in ~.

r·

~

~

She haR - - a.1.11 i ralily \\'l'li-g"< J\·t.;rn C' d household.
I will pres e nt y1 >11 1rith -- - - inHy p;1pc r cutter.

Th e j1td gc sc11lcncL·1l th e -- .

- - ca:..,rlc' s 11 ('.st i-i 111ad (• of t.\1·i .. ;.: .
Yo11 ha\'i : giv en mi· -·---- \' lll]lt.y di .~h.

Inte n se heat fu!' c :-> - -.
lil·~towC'(1

-

~ E . ' l'EX C Es.

- -

Envy poisons th e - -.
Th e j1 1ry cumh:11111 e d the--.
Th e bwyn pka1l the - - .
Th e sheriff at tac: heel the - - .

111a11

I .'{

- - i11J1.1strio1:s lllan 11·ill Le rich.
- - ir1! 0 sc holar 11·ill be puHishc11.

to-Ll a y.
Tl1 e cl11 ti:lo< dj ,;til - -.
Hain watr ·rs tl1c' - -.
F low ers h e a11ti i'y the - - .

The lJcn CY1Jlent

Tim jndcfi nite ar1iclc a, or an, rncaus nu parti cular p c r;-;011 or t!1i11g. A a11d 1w are lio1 !i 1 It ('. s: un c
arti c·lc, diil;-rj11g 011 ly in 11wi r u c:t~ . Tlic al'lit·I( · 1rn
i,.; ll .' t'd lwl'L>n· word s IJt•g i1111i11 g ·\\"itli a \'lJ\\"(·1; a,;,
an :tppl1·, an lHn1r.
An is :d,.;o u :-wd Ol'fori' ,,·urd;-;
c·o11 1111L'llc·i11 g \\· i t i1 a ,.:u u11 ti1'< l /1, \': iw11 ;1t' ,'i'IJ1t ·d t i 11
t ltl' :-< l'l'.UtJ(I ;-;y i!abi1·; a:-:, :tll l1i ;-; tori(-.il :11.,. ,,u 11t.

~

1

'~

--

-- - eage rn ess tu IJ C'<": JllW ri('!J 'l l'k n
Hnnw i;;; - - - hi::t w :an .

l·

l r;;u[,.;

to crirnc .

I
~

i

If
i'
I

!,

I

E~GLTSH

H e is - - honorabl e man.
Herc ules performed - - h eroic action.
- - Irishman has wri ttcn - - Hi l.>ernian tale.
- - i1Hlustrio us ehilcl ma llc - - hurbarium.

57

CO MPOSITION.

- - unit is t h e low e:-;t figure in whole numbers.
Avoid - - rude aml bo is terous manner.
He is - - - true hem 11'110· fo r;sives injuries .

\Ve walked three rnilL's - - hour.
The po e t wrutc - - h c:-:amctc r.
L l: ~so~

'

\

IV .

.;.,

~!

!~

_.

DEFIXIT E

L I·: S
TUE

~

0

~

11I .

l:\DEFl:\' l TE .\.l i.TlCLE A.

T ill s ar\i ('le is phcl·d bdorl' all word s bl!ginning
with a COllSOll~lli\ ~'Oll ll d; ;1 ;-;, it bnoJ\ 1 :t l! ScfUl hook,
a hero.

- - - \J l';li lli i'1tl S( ' L'!H' 11·;1,;

jll T ;; <'ll!L'. l

!tJ Yi PW.

- - - fi111.• hn:a ,;l pi11 11·a:-- li l' r 11ri•s1·11 t.
- - s l·llis\i l'hi l d 11 i ii Ji;~n : i'l' ll' l'ri c !ld s .
- - l'.11n 1 1 i ~·;1 11 ca 11w -t,, 1Hl l' doDr for alms.

-- - u11i n ; rsal dl'l1 q.~·,-; t ou\.: pla<·t'.
:!\lake ---- pbi 11 a ;11i di ,;ti11LL a:1sw c r .
Try to have -- - )H ' rf°: ·d }t;;:; :-;011.
E rnlca1·(1r to main tain - - u11i f: mn cheerfulness.
- - kul hoy 111akvs - - - bad ma n.
- - yo1rn g- p ~·nrnn 11·a:; i'ljured.
- - y c11· t 1·L·t: 11 a :-; c1 1t do11· 11.
- - lii r ~: l i11g i:-; u11c: tLtt works for 11·agcs.
\\' here there; is - - 1u1i1m of' intc1'est:>, there should

he complete

con!id cill·c .

.Many ___ hu1n;1:1 1Jl' i11 :; ,]c:g r;dcs himself to the level
of - - l.wa:-;t 1iy i11tl·m 1w ra1 1ec .
.Many ----- 011 t· k1s r:·; 1:·11t L·tl and n .:fu rmc<l.

.\lfflCLE

1'/JL'.

'I'Hr: definite ariiclc !!11: Jtlf'<lll ::i so m e partieuhr
t hi11 g, :111J j:::; u sed i11 d iscri111 i1 1all•ly lw fort· vuwl·l:-;
and co 11so11 a nt ;-;. 111 t he followi11g exainpks 1h<~
pupil is l'l'lluirl'd io in1ruJ11cc bulh th e dcli11ite auJ
in<ldi11i te ariidl·:o, :1ccordi11g to 1- li e :-;c 11 :w, bl'ari11g
in mind tht.: pn·ccding rnk ::;. The cro::;::; in t l1 e fol lowing cxarnple:::; j ::; placed wh ere the indefinite ar-

•

/;

!

.,
'i

·,~

ll'l
~7-\

}1
•I

~;

~~ !.
f·
;.1 ~-

t:

ticle is to be introduced .

{1

"

(;
i

.l::X.ERCISE I:o; S E'.'<TENCES.

+ mischievous boy m ot \\'ith + sad aceident.
+

- - poor, olll man begged fu r
piece of breaLL
.l\Iaay of - - sehulars failctl in - - lesso n .
uncomfu rtaLle po sition made - - ride very unpl easant.
Many
o ne has been disappointed.
university i,;
pLtcT whe r e youn:; m en arc taught.
unit fi gu re occupie:-i - l o wes t pla ce in whol e
numLern .
+hour passed <t1rny.
- - tfo;o bctli c nt child fai led to r eceiv e - reward.
- - hours of school pass quick ly away,
fe w only
b eiag i mpro1·c •l.
- - eh il cl 11·e nt s l111·.·ly up to - - - teacher, 'mwilling
to recit e - - bu·il ~·· s ,;:1 11.

+

+
+

+

+

+

l; I
\•

;'"
~

l

.

!1
«

\:

,. !
i"; ~i

,.

,;

i1),
..,

\\

r:
J•

,I
'l

'

58

}'IRS1'

J,ESSO~S

I.N'

E~c; r,r ,; 11

CO ~fl' O.' f T iu:\' .

.:;g

- - dl ·ar , lil11 e sky abo 1·e r c minlls us of - - God

whu ma de it.
+ in tdli ;.;•.' lll , +
lov l'd b1· a ll.
p oo r 111a:1.

+

ind 11str ions, aml +

t-

o l,l " ·urn;w , an d

ch ild ca11n: k ·n · t• > ask f'o> r
Y u n ca11 r eC'itc

+

obcJient pupil is

+ i11noccnt young

+ litt lt: bread.

+ e asy l c·s s o 11 \1·ith unt +mistake.

inkst:t1 1d 1Y a~ thr1J\\"11 upun - - de:sk, and spoiled

- - pai1l1.
D u n u t [; ('~ i n -f-- pi cc;: uf ll'urk 11·i thont
resolution
to 1ini ,; h it.
1111d LTs la 11 din g- d l'a r, Yi g uruus, a11tl keen is
clesirablc lp1alilicatio n.
h0n est ,
ing-c 11uous, h ut+ impe tuous youth is my

+

+

+

+

+

fri c 11d.
Co m e awl pla ce.: - - particles in - - righ t places.

ln sumnier, - -

!lays arc lon ger than - - uights .

+

+

James has bought
le mon aml
01:ange .
Old a11d --.- X c w Testaments constitute
Hililc .

+ uak pro d nc r ,; a curns .

+

- - hursc is
n uble allimal.
Math c rnat il':-i is - - scie nce uf' quantity .
- - CH' llin ~ a11d - - m o rnin g wer e - -

- - ros e is

+ bcautift1l flower.

first day.

:;\'" e ith e r - - snn nur - - :;tars appeared for many
dit\'S.

\\' e 1ll's pi s•: 111 •l - -- du ·r, h ut - - l.l eed .
11 anLl - - earth , ancl divided

(ju1l crca L· d - - li 1;a 1·1:

- - l i ;~ht frnm - - lbrkncs:< .
~ulom on w;1s

+ g- rc-a l a nd + g oo d man.
+ bmYcn l:i· or igin.

Clirist!an ity c !a im,;

LESSOX Y .
A J),J E C TI

\ ' !·: ~;.

A;\' adj cd in~ j,.. a \\·o rd joi1 1cd tn a 11 01 111 to describ e i t, or a \\·ord " · hid1 will :tlw:1y::; 111 :d; , • s t· 11s t~
wh en joi11 (·t·l . 10 a 110:1 11 ; a ;;, 1l ~ - - G1)y ol>1· v1·d
hi ::; pa1"<·11 !::;; till' - - - 1l1il·f (".. c:t pl'lL 'l'l tt' 11 ·011 rl
boy ob t·ynl !1i ;; p <t rl· fl t~; ; 1lw 1'. 1/H' t't th ief e;;c ; q·~ · d.
1·: :\i·:1 ;i · 1s 1: 1:\

s 1: .' \TE:'\Cl·: s.

.l\11 - - rnan lv st hi ." lit(~ .
A - - lioy t <Jl"l ll l' nt t•d lii s brot h e r.
A bc;.;);:tr sta r vc d.
Th e - - 11·o rnan was crowned rp1een.
The - - schol~tr gaine d the prize.
- - children mirnl tl1 c;ir parc.nts .
- - rn t ·n arc ;;:)o! H ' r o r bt<.· r puni sh ed.
- - grass co 1·c rs tl1 c t·ar tli.
Hain is - - " ·at cr.
Iro n is a. - - m d al.
L ead iti a - - sttl>stancc.
- - is a s 11nsc t at sea.

I

Th e - - c11sl11! 11s of n at ions arc described m G eography .
Th e .Irish arc a ---- - rn c1!.
The E 11g li,,h are a - - p eople.
- - people a s sc ml>led in the cl1urch .
- - p ersons liJ;: e - - 11·ork.
- - childre n 101·e to p lay in th e - - fielJs.

The - - flo w e r s were maclc into a - The - - garden " ·ar; m11ch admired .

bouquet.

~
1;
~
j

'

L

t

GO

"FTllST LE SSO .\' S

rx

E~G

The rai n bow is composed of i:: cvcn - - colors:
- - , - - , - -, - - , - -, and - - .
The blu sh ros e is of a faiut ·- - - color.
Car mine is - -.
Gamh og-r is - - .
In autumn tl1 c lea \·cs arc - - .
Ju s prinh" th e trees nre - -.

--,

Gl

r, TSU COMPOSITION.

amples in the foregoing lesson, therefore, are in the
positive degree. Let the learner join an adj ective
in the po sitive d egree to each of t he following
nouus. The teacher w ill please see that each sente11ec commences wit h a capital letter, and is closed
by a period.

]n \\' i llt<-r th e ground i s - -.

table
hair
cow
tre e

A -- - lt'ssn n som('( i1lll·s C'a1 1srs - - t ears.
Tl1 c - - - t l1i e f' Lk sirl'd to be sa\'f· d.
- - JlH' ll sometimes commit - - acts.
So lt> mon " ·as a - - 1,ing .
C<csar \1·a s 1wtrny cLl by - - fri r nds .
Alrxnn fkr

IIistory

1Y a .~

a --

j ,, :l narra! i n~

Thi ::: is t hl' - -

chair

k ni fe
h orse
day

book

<rirl
!":>
cat
8llll

ink stanil
woma n
coat
moon

pe n
man
shoe
star

h and
bi rel
watch
b oy

C'O ll f!UC r o r.

of -

:'t'J t te: i r('

- cYr nts.

L ESS ON VII.

in thr lesson.

Th e T 11rks an~ an - - nation .
.:'\°(·;;ror•s arc: - - .
:\. - -- a 11,_wc r t 11rnr-t li a1Yay 11·rath; - - w

ADJECTI YES .

ds

Bt~:

THE C O:\l l'AlL\ 'l'l\'E Dl::GllEE .

between
two pt'rno n::: or ibi11g ,.;. \\'ords nf one syll a ble arc,
wi t h few cxcTp ! i o n s, c.:0 111pared by adding r or er
to the po:-;iti ve, to make the (·omp;uativl: ; r wh en
tlw po::;iti\'e end,.; in c , a n d l' r wlH·Jl i L dot's not.
T111 s

LE000?\

AoJECT J\'1 -: :-;

cap
windo w
dog
nig ht

de::;c ri lw

\'I .

no1w,.;

in

d eg rf' C c·xpressc:-; a ('Ornpari:'lon

clil frrC' n t way~.

\Ve s;i y, !"or l'xarnpk , 1!1at .Tuhn is a {!Ood boy,
Ja nH·s is a Or' ll cr rnw, b11L Char l(•s j~ 1lic /J e:st boy
in ::;C'hnoL The:-w 1lin·1.' 11w1hod,.; uf <· xpr('s::;io n a rc
called co 1117111J'isn 11.
Tim,.; Wt' ;;a y that an adjcc-

t i ve ha::; three degree::; of com pari:::o11. The first
degree is cnllt·d 7w s£tfr r·, lwc:rn,.;c· it 11 1(•rf' l y describes
1hc subj ec t, \\·ith ont a ny co1np:iri :-:o n. All the ex-

EX .E ll C IS E

1X

SE Xl'E :-;' CEg .

J ohn is - - than h is brother.
Th e - - boy was ce ns ured.
An - - sister r eprov ed h er.
H er - - ln-oth cr runs alone.
Th e - - - phil osoph er <li8co vere d the secret.

The - - '' arrior gaineLl th e victory.
The - - pr esent was mu ch prized.
G

;...

62

EXGUSII COMPOSITION.

Th e - - lesson was omitte d .
H er - - - <l1 1t ics 11·e n· n C'gle cted.
~)he \1·as tli c~ - - - si ste r uf the t11·0.

I never experience d a - - day.
A - - summer " ·as n e,·cr known.
It is to be hopr-d that we shall n e ver ha1·e a - - winter.
- - c hildre n titan y u u ha\·e sufl'c re<l - - calami t ies.
l'resl' rve a - -- pl: 1c:e for your - - - - C()p y hooks .

Adjcctivt· s of 111 o rt' tl1:111 one syllable arc compare d by :1d d in g 111orr: 1o 1 lw positive, to form the
C'On 1para! i, <' .
E XL lt<'I S I·:

I X

'I'bc

Sl-::\TE:\ CUl.

C'h ri sti :rn di ea ha ppy.
My - - - - fr i,•n d \UIS 11l' lu 1·c cl.
T f1eir - - - - u ~·;1tu r fi:;l c·d.
The - -

- -

Th e - j ,; a la d < s d rc,;,,, tli c less li kely is she to be
ad m ired l>y - - Jll'ople .

- - p eo ple atle nd-:d th e lect ure than at any former

.'

'~
.

.;·

l\{y - - Lrnth er was much mortifi e1l.
The - - - - tree was cut down.
Th e ir - - cornpauious Jill not g ue ss th e ridc.llc.
I should not lik e to b e - - than my sd10olmates .
You will certainl y b e - - if yo n <lo 11ot beh a 1·c 1Jc tter.
- - p ersons I l1a vc ne ver m et with.

.I

\

.

LESSO~

\.

""'\
.,,

VIII.

ADJE CTIVES .

.

TH I·: S U P EH LAT I \"E

J>EC H l·'. E.

p eriod .

t he 1n a 11, th e - - his ~·a ins.
Th e - - the ('hild, t he -- - lii.-o r c 1Yan1.
The - - man rc f'11 s l'd t(I dri11k tl1 e 11·inc .
- - h ead s than yours haY e been puzzl ed.
The - - climates are fa Yorablc to the g rowth of th.f
- - grains.
The - -

''
~:

I li s teneJ to th e - - speak er " ·ith n o pl easure.

L< ·1. 11 1f' lt•:tr11\'r i1 dro d1wc · :1dj (·c· i iVl'S in the com parative <-f r g n·l· , o l' :111y 111 11 11I H'r of syllables.

fail c· d to rece ive a prize.

'

The - - gc u t lcma n r cc:c i1·e Ll a sh ort answe r.

,;, Jw! :11·" 11·,·n· d i,.:1 n i;-; s ccl.

ti ll' - - - p11pils

<'Olll

··~

Tl1c - - gcn c r<Ll was easl1i cred.

a r~ u~ n'' nt,; w;· rc u n h cecl cd.
Th e - - - - chll r,·rn :1 i11 c cl in th e stor e .
Th e -- -- - - - ; ;:::·t 11·a ..; u11 t :n 1c h c cl.
M_v -.- --- ,;isk r li <· lp1·d ll H'.
T lic - - - - - - I Hlo I' " W•· r c· 11 1nrc: cx pc ns iYC.

\ cery few o f

J.

.

l.:X 1: nc: rs 1·: I:\' SL'.\TTC,";CES.

Our - - - -

Th e - - - -

,'

para ti vc lessens as wdl as incre:lsl's 1he
posi1ive, \\·l1i1·h i t doc s by adding frss tl) the po s itive, wlie1lier of 011c sy llable or more.

nw110 y was rc·1111irz·d .

-- - -

63

T im snpnh i in·

dt·g-rr· ( ~

of ('Onip:u ison ci 1h e r .
incrca:::<·s or lt-:' s<'lt :-i ihc positivt· 10 ilw !1iglw st or
low1•si. dt·grl'l'. \ Vord ,; oi' ni11· sy ll:1blt· :ire i11c-ri·: 1:-"1·d
to 1lie s 1qwrl'!-t t iv 1· IJy :1ddi11 g sl (lr ts! to illl' po =' i- .
tivc; word::; of tw0 or more syllal>lc::; add must, to

.

.,

'

;~

r. ~
~

.:

'

~-· Jo

,;·_.

G4

Fill!'T J, J·: s.;o:\" . ' I'.'I'

65

ENGLISH COM POSITION.

inrreasc 1l1e po:-;iti ,•c.

To lesse n the positive in the
superla tin.: <ll'g rec, aJd least 1o it.

LESSON IX.
ADJECTIVES.

Tnr::nE is a not h er class o f a<lj cctivc ti whieh are
The follo win g are the prin -

\\'illi :u11·s - - fr i1·11d di e., !.

The - - man n ·(·ci \·er[ t hr - - \\'n,ges .
A - - ]H'rc;<m 1\·:ts in 1priso11 :_·11.
Th e j 1ul gc co11 tlemrn'tl t 11c - - 111 :rn.

•

Tht· - - rri11ll's 11·1·r e co1111 11itt : d liy tho pirates.
Th e - - f'r i•·:1d \1·;1-; 1'111 "~"l t tc-11 .

The - - \1·ivk e d11 "·,;s ll' a s pradi .·:ed dt1 r i11g- the F rench
r c\'l>l 11 tio1 1.
- - !'r11it ;_;-n·11· in our orrhard .

Th e --- 11·in l':i r·11111r· l'ro1n :-i p:1 in.
Th e - - - a11i111als i11hahit the to rri d zone .
:-ihc i,; tk· - - s c·l111hr 1,. f th<· tltr;·1·.
Tl1L' - - Sl'l'jl(·11ts are fi11111d in hot climn.tcs.
Th e - - - pare11ts a re 11 tlt in n ' al !ty t h e - -.
The
~(']i,,J:irs tT•tp tlw - - n ·11·anls.
Th e - - ;.(·irl 11·as c·hosc11 hy th t~ - - nurnhe r of the
schulars as :\fa.1· <jlll'('t t.
T l1c - - 1nisfi> rt11nc is th e loss of the fa\· or of :m-God.

T l 1 t ~ - - n1v11 ha\'c n ot uh1·ays hccn tli e - - men.
Th(' - - sC'hu lars a rc n ot 'al ways the - - o n es.
Sulu11w :1 11·as th e - - man th:tt eYe r li\'etl.
- - :t 11<l - -·of lli" s1 111s ol' tilt' 1w 1r11i1w
".
J\ 1itu1 1111 i-. t !w ---- s r ·a :;., 1~ cd' tl1 '! ~·r · :t r.
:-; pr i !I .'..( Ii ri 1 1 .: ~:· 11"" - - \\'in !l' r i ,; I !1e - - - ul'

1: ,J11 " I" '

l':i th fw r .

Tlw - - c h!l l ·.·• a:: !.tid i 11 l1 ·r "arlr. ;...,<•Tave
--- ai tc- •1L !1>1 t i:; 11 ·,·, ,·,;i r1· i1t s c·!101.il.

FnHr u!' tlie - - p·1p;ls ·:; .. ;··

~l'; 1t hcn? it: .'

You h a1·c ;.;· i q·: 1 : 11 , · :1 - - - a:1 :; ·s ··1·.

P ositive.

Comparatice.

Superlative.

Good or w<:ll,

bette r,

be st.

Little,

l es8 ,

least.

Mnch or many,
Batl, ill, o r C\' il,
N ea.r,
Ol d,

1nore ,

most.

" 'O l'S C,

w o rst.

n earer,
oldn o r c lcler,

n earest or n ext.
ol,kst or eldest.

Lute.,

later,

lat est o r last.

Ld. 1hc karncr fill up tlw hl:1nk :-; i11 1l1c follow i11 g cx<tn qi k ~ with :-;0111< ~ of til e prcct'di11g aJjt •et iYt·:>. The ka(' lwr w ill l'l'qn ire 1hu.t illl' s t ~ adjc:e1
'L ·, \ ' t' · ,....
« 11t l 1w ot lier,.;, a 1T c1111)lo) l'd .
, ~,

Th e - - 11 c\1-s from the sc· at of 11·ar is Yc ry distress ing.
I shall r e quire - - lc '4sons the - - time .
Th e - - m en arc som e time;; in fau lt.

Our Creator is supreme ly - - .
J\n old provC'rli says tlia l '' - - follrn Hl10u ld be seen,

and 1wt !ward ."
_ _ person s shot1ld al \1·ays h C' t.reatc(l 1Yith r espect.

ti ! • :.t ·a ·;: >!JS .

'l'IH ~ -

compared irregulu.rly.
cipal : -

.

- -- st.ll(ly \\'ill n e \·er answer.
- - p copl u a t tt-ntkd 1l 1e - - ·- kct11re .

- - per!'lnns 1li:;lil\f' hard work.
The - - cxpo,;ure is somr!times fatal t o health.

6*

'I

\Ju

J;:-; c;r. rsu
T hi s is tl1c - - c x0r (' i,.; <· tli;:t \·n 11
ha1·e bee n Ye r:• ('<t rL·l vs s .
- - CUlll lll ll l l;(' ; t! i t1 1•s ('tl l ' l'llj l',- - --

-

:il y - - - r.· h~ : .i 1!,.;

;l;·c

l

In
t l1,· n

written; yo11

i:i : ~ : rncrs .

. ......

t lie· d (J(·t (Ir

.
•

"

think s that

.

<" · t 1.. . 111 .. J \'
-'
'
' . - --

·t·

·.

•

l

:-<1;i11111 1· 1·, t 11• · l111 s l .;u 1d111a •1 l i.1s il(J t li v

, ,,

-

;ti! cl : a.I.

i l is - - ,; is L T is \ ' c' l'I- - ~!ic· will ll l' \'• ' r be _ _ ·t ··... . 1·11
Tl1 i:; ll' rit i:,,..,..· i:-i·

,l: :i':o

l l not well Le

('u d l

-

'

., . \j

i l i " - - - - ·1 .. -, ., .1,
. l I

1 '

(

,.

ii

U .i..

I

t •

'l'h l' - - - t··!1" · 1 ·1 1 11• · 1.. .. . 1· ' J
_ _
. ·' • !> · ' t ··1 .tli ·.! ::1,.: t:• a ~. l11 · d all 01. !r h opes.
:11T11 ·:tls \\'l' !J:1 1· c· l'·. ·cr·i q·J 11 1.;11·,.; fru m th e F.ast.

:l·\ - _
-

t1 u .1 11 l s !Il·\ · co :i:-.; in , . ia1 1 1 1 · .~
,

\ \'liid1 i .~

1!1 1· - --- -

1·.·'"-'

,..,
·
, 11•_, < · ,>t! .~ 11 1

c .; nn ·~ (·t '. o : t ~

L

J~

S s <> X

:,

1· my fa! li er.

X.

A llJE CTlYE:-:;
\\'J ffC J[

'r

])() . );( IT ,\ll _\ll T

OF

(' (l~fl'A H r so x .

.

I :' :1J JOt !Jl'r ('!;1 ,.;,.; of :tcl j. t'cliq ·,.; \\-Jij c J1 J
.
'
- ( 0
ll< d . :1 d11 1if ot' :1n v 1·t i1 111>:1ri , u 11 Ji · t\ 1·11 ,, 111
· 1 Ii
1
•
·
• ·
,. . ,
<·111,.;c' ve~
a stqH'rlai i \'\' ,;in n i li(':t 1iu 11
'l'ltt'
1· II _.
,. t
.
.
. .--.
.
· ll U\\ JIJ ~ lb C:OUta111 ::: thi~ prn11·1p:d: .. lil·: ll! '.

.

extrc1ne

\\ f l ' II

p er fect

i11[initc

ri g ht

0 11rniputcnt

cq1sd css

l' tcrnal

u•

,:,

The earth is - -.
J11st and are t11y ways .

;;uprc me

;

He gave me a - - d escription of his journey.
Tho Almighty is - - in wisdom, - - in power, aud
- - · arc all his \\'Orks.
No created bcin;; is - -.
An earthquake ahrnys produces a fee ling of - - terror.
The good shall rnjoy - - happin ess in th e better lan<l .
Your 8u111 j,, - - - ; l1 c rs 1s - -.

tim e to spare .

. t
,. . ti 1
1. . ;-,. ll
)1
1(
\\ ' JJl l'I".
. 1 ·1 1
. ,
• t. . I 1 ! . . :: l: ~ \\· 1: tl :t \\ \..

111 1::, I )a 1· l ' /> _ _ •. •
•

(j i

C0~11'0SITlOX.

full
true
round

Num eral a dj ectives :Hlmit of no cornpnri,.;on.
Anot he r cb::;s whi c h are n ever cornparc<l will be
foun<l rn ilw follow in g li st : this

form er
latter

that
these
tlw sc

(';t ('. h

every

either
n eith er
some
other

n on e
\\' lt ich
\\' hat
Loth

a ny
on e

all
s11 ch

'I'lw cro::;s in ilw f'ollowi11 g <·.x:irnpks JL'tlOf t· :< i!tat
a mun 'ral adject ive 11rn st b~ iu tro<lnn·d .
The
othe r blanks are iutcn<led to IJe filled by ih e w o rds
in i he forl'go in g li :st.
I do n ot lik e - - kin tl of books.
\V'L o Lrok e - - glasses ?
- - that St) rt of thi!1 gs is casi l y managctl.
of - - m e n have be en ha llly injnrcd .
The chasm 111 adc ],~- t.lt c curthq11akc \\'as
fcpt hrnad .
l\fore rain falls in lh <' first - /- :•11mmcr rnonths than in
the first
winter on es ; h11 t it inak cs a mu ch g reater
show upon the earth in th t.! - - tb a n in th e - - ; because there is a much $lowe r e vaporation.
- - chi l<l received a goodly po!·tiou .
- - man, woman, and child was numbered.

+

+

+

...

'

68

0:1

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

>.i
t.i

On - -

s id e of t he ri ,-e r was th ere the tree of life.

- - man sc:c m,.; tu ha,·c an ide a of being mistaken;
- - men arl' C<p1al:y co11,·i11ce cl t11at they arc right.
- - scholars study dilige ntly.
I ca n n o t g-i'"c you the - - lc.-;;o n ; you have not

child
flow er
statesman

d eer
friend
gen tleman

house
household

peasant

party
tlowerct

Bible

believer

ro1Je

characte r

··:i.
'

Jcarn c <l t hiti -- - .

l:n.) ""ls fa in:r tlrn.n - - -

of lier daug hters.

m e n n 1w; t die.

- - a bsurd arn-;,,· crs I n ever heartl.
l li :-; preac-!Ji11g was of - - effect.
I c:ann (Jt tel l - - one I li ke best.

LESSON

man is th er e that would n o t have God for his
friend?

XII.

'l'Hi-: follow in g <.kfwiti u us a wl rule ;:; mu st be
comrnittecl to memory before wri t in g each excr-

crnc : N U :.'.In :E lt.

Number m ea ns one, o r 1:nore 11.11an 011e· · Nouns
have two nn rn.bers, viz., the s in g ula r aud the

LESSO:-f XI.
A lJ J E C T 1 \ '
W II ! C H

AJL\llT OF Tll"<l

J·: S

FOI D !S OF

CO Ml'AllfS ON .

vVon ns ur two ~yllau lc s, e ndin g in.'/, in le after
b, p , I , d, :u1J !.- , o r n cc-v n tcd on t lie la ~t syllable,
m ay Ot' co 111Jnr1·d <'i t her hy ad di 11 g r or er, st or est,
to t he posit ivt', or lJy p rcfi >:iug-murc and most. Of
this das:-.; is t lte folJow i11 g li st : 11 ~l y

pre t 1y

airy

lll t' IT _Y

<lllljl lc

happy

tiny

nimlik

al1 k

h11mlil c
diserl'e t
pulitc

smccre
holy
lovely

Th e lcarnn inay 11ow Jo111 au article :::i nd one of
these adjective,.; in th e co 1np:irati ve or 8npe rlative
degree, clioo8i11 g the form o r comparison for himself, to each of J-he following n-0uns : -

plural.
'l'lie s in a 1tla r nrnnb er rn ea us but. one; the p1 ural
•
::0
~
numb e r lllOrc t h a u uue; a,.:, i}() uk, ::;i ng nl:Lr; IJUu ,·s,
plural.
.
. . .
Th e plural nurnlw r of u ou n s 1:-.i r_cgul a rl y l1l1111cd
by adding s to th e s in g ul a r, a s 1u the exarnpk

L

abU\"l'.

!,.

~

'.l'hc k a rncr rnay now ad<l plurals to i he follow-

in g li st : ta.blu
stoo l
·w indo w
mnp

d c,,;k
b urcan
ink stan d
rul er

N,CllC i I
black hoard
ci; rtain
stand

pen
folde r
paper

ba"ket

Norni s <'t id itig jll .i:, ,·Ji s11/I, sh, and ss, add n;
to t lw :-;i11 ;<11iar 1P f<irnt 11H· p!mal.

t. • .

t.
i:!,

70
L\"(; L 1 s II

CO ~! PO~!

TI

il

n \".

The learnt'!' \\'ill :tLl·l
1)lu1·:tl
.~ t ll ti I L' followi11a · '
- '
t> •
ux

EX EIU'J:-;E

s ;.i ,.;]i

m1,; s

uox

drnrc lt
lw11c:h

gloss

las 11

fo:.;

.~· l:l ~ S

moss

ll'l' ll cl1

da;-; ii

d rt' ,.;s

g uess

I: .\' I: i ;c; 1 .-; E

Tli 0 woo d111an ·s

I :-<

,.; J·; :\ ·1 I·: .\ l' E-.; .

_ _ \\'L·r e sl i ar p .

Th ere arr· in tlii,.; city manv line - - for
tho worship
·
ot' God.
.: \II the girls wore l1l11 e - - 011 ~[ay clar.
Three little - - we . tl . \f . .
· . · .
,,
.
t e ic . a) q11c c11 s mauls of honor
l hat silk h:1 s u iinc - -.
·

J\Iy j c ll'd - - has UOL' ll stolen .
Th o - - i· ·s '·1,·c·1·;· c-un111ng
·
· l
;u111na.
Bring m e that .sli u rt - - , a111 l sea t. yuursel,·cs
'l'lic luir . . c "i 11c c.. l i111 t!. ·r Ll1 c - A - - is a dit (' lJ.

upon

it.

A - - is a pa :1,.;" rnarkin g a Gn·a], rn tl1c sense.
Three b ea1 1tifol lo okill"
_ _ 11.,~, 1. 0 lJi· o 1~en .
o
A que e n ha~; ma11y gorg crrn ~ - - .
Many - - of difl't•t"'',_11t co Jors grow upon the old

tre ei·L

Tlw
calf
self

L~arnl'r

IN

SE1\'l'ENCEs.

will ad<l plurals to the

half

loaf

shc:lf

bee f

sheaf

wulf

.~

followin~

wliarf
tl1icf

:-

I

:

.

."

life
wife

.,,

._,

·.i
»I

The moat of - - 'is called veal.
- - praise is half scan<lal.

I Jivid e<l the appl e into - -, and laid them upon the
mantel-- .
lJalf a - - is better than no bread.
The - - of Siberia arc very ferocious .

''1

Th e f! e,;h of d om es tic cattle ia called - - .
Jos c pl1"s - - remained sta nding while the - - of bis
brethre n bowed cl own to it.
Many steamboats lie at th o - - .
- - arc hung in England.
- - is short, and \\ hL:tho r employed or not will soon
be at an end.
The - - - of savages arc slaves .

.. ~i"'
~{. ~
I~ 1

·

- - will not answer; you must know .

JO: XC.EPTIO~S

TO TUB llULE ABOVE.

grief

roof

. ',.

These adJ s on ly to form t heir plurab.
I'

J·: ::; • () :'\

X I 11 .

.,
1

I

'~

- - and drums are instruments of martial music.
Jo sephine's - - were many and groat.
From the - - wa\·e tho 1;tripcs and stars.
The - - of th e houses were torn off by tho whirlwind .

"'

72

E:NGLI S H

FIRST L ESSO XS I::-f

LESSON

LESSON XIV .
No u:--; s endin g in u, preceded by a con sonant, add
es to fo rm t heir plura l. 'l'lic lea rn er will add plumb to th e following: hero
Yolcano

m o tto

g rotto

relicrn

po ta to

E :\ C EJ'T

mango
fandan g o

ro V: .

Tw o a dd : :; only s, bcca u,.:c it sounds as if spelled
with oo.
E X 1-:ltC fSJ ·:

[ :\'

SJ·: :>TI; :\ C I·: S.

The pon r - - " ·er S1)l d i11l •J :;Jaycry .
So u th .A1u cric ·•t Ji a-.; many la r,:..;c - - .
- - w c·re c!iscoH'n ·d in .\11 wr i:·a . lmt are now raised in
all th e tr'rnpna te dirn a tes or the \\"1l rl cl.
Th e staliic \ 1·a,.; se 1il ptu n: d :a - -.
\V ashin ~.!;ton

L et y u 1ir - -

was u tru e - - .
I n~ .

CO~POS I TION .

" l lun C' ~t;: is th e best policy."

Th e - - is a natiu1w 1 clan(' C of thl' :-;p:rnianls.
Th e - - or 1\ ntipa ro s is s:1 icl to l)c extrem e ly b cauti fn l.
- - i tl"l' pi ckk·d m elons .
The p roccs si o1~ was :.uT:tngC'tl in - - and .threes.
Ji c is tlw r a n~ ; c of all my--.

,.

'

73

XV .

No ur-.: s endin g in !J, prccc<lcd by a con sonant,
chan ge i li e ?I into i, :rn<l a cld es; a s , groC(' r!), sing ul a r; g ro<:cries, plnr:1.l.
bak ery
<li still cry

fan cy
fly

1:-dv
baby

inve ntory

all egory

category
m e mory

Let th e learn er form plurals to t he foregoing, and
then proceed t o write the follow in g examples : - - of chil dh ood a r c mo st pleasant to the aged.
A - - is a class incl llll i ll~ se 1•eral species.
Pi lgrim's Prog reso; is a11 - - .
A - - conver ts grai n into liqu or, while a - - makes
fl.om into bread .
J( ccp an - - of yom bo oks, an!l yon " -ill b e_less likely
t o lose th em.
- - arc poli te al all t im es, 1rnd ..: r all circums tan ces.
- - arc pl eased wi th trifks.
- - a nd fact arc oppu::i itcs.
- - arc a great nuisance in bot weath er.

LESSON

XVI.

W11EN a noun enJs in.'/, w ilh a vowel before it,
the plural is formed regularly by adding s. The
learnn will add plnrab to Uw follo\.ving : -

7

•,

!

74

l-'1Il8T

rnlky
alley

day
k1 ·y

displa.\'
dl'lay

EXGJ.I S II COl\fPOSITION.

L ESSU:'\' S I.:-<

turk C' y
chi11111 <·y .i1 JL·kl'y

a!.l 1L' V

laek cy ga. cy
d unk ey volley

is a ll <llT<)\\" str .. _·t.
ln1l11 s tn· is t hat - - ,,·hid1 u11lot:ks all th e stores of

An - -

kn o w ll'd g(' .
- - mak e·

The

W C'l' ks .

soldins

a n d , ., .l'vk s ma!' c month s.

tired a - -. a nd

kill P<l man y of the

male or female . L et the learn er annex an article
and an adjective to each of th e followi1w
noun s,
0
arranging them exactly a::; P!'intc<l.

f

11l.

-- --- - ----- --- --- --

m a n.
l ion.
gDd .
master.
in:-;tructo r .
g entleman.

- - --woman.
- - - - lioncs8 .
- - - - go <l<l c~rn .

- - - - mistrf'ss.
- - - - i nstr11 ctrcss .
- - - - gcu tlcwoman.

enemy.

n.

c.

- - arr. boa ts pn11wll ,"l Ii:,· oa rs .
- - arc pat i011t l.i 11t shi1> h< 1rn animals .

- - - - m ountain s.

A - - is a g r·ntl c·1na 11's s(• n ·a nt.

- - - - nvcrs .

- - tak e all tLcy can g f't . ,,·ithuut regard to hones ty.

- - - - gu lfs.
- - - - seas.
- - - - b:iy~ .
- - - - straits.

\Ve hatl a - - for unr ('liri;;tm ns d in ne r.
Most - - ar<' built· of' lJri<'k .
An - - is a house in " ·l1i.. l1 rn ·mks liYc.
Do not ma kl' Hllt.:h a - - ur you r knO\\'l('dgc.
Afte r m:rny - - . 11· c re adl('d 01 1r placr· uf d cRtinution.
The - - uf the :\lp,.i an: 1,c; u1ti1'1d und romanti c places.

'•'

- -

- - com;in.
- - - - friends .
- - - - relations.
- - - - chi ldren.
- - - - enemies.
- - - - grandchild.

r,

"'

,

,.
>·

.,:;.,
'\
~ ··

,;

:·i
;.j·l

"

LESSON

XVIII .

"'

;~:;I
:l ~

1H

r . r:~sox

<:

E~

xv1r.

Tm; teacher will find it rn·ce,;:-;ary to require the
following definit ion ,.; to be cornrnittct.l to memory
bcfon.: proc~cding farther : -

ifi
1f!
1,1,.
...

ll Elt.

C ASE.

Gi-: :'111:a s i g 11ifi1·~; :-;ex. Nunn ,.; hav e four genders: tlw J\la:-;cul i rt<', F<'11 1i ni1w , Neuter, and Common . Thv !lla,.;e1tli1w g< ·11 der d <'11u1e s a male; the
fcmi11 i1H· a frn1nlt'; t}l(' 1w11ter (a s its name implies)

neither ge 1Jd 0r ; and th e common de notes either

Th e word case mC'an s cond it ion, state, &c.
Wlwn \.Ve speak of 1lw diffrn·nt cases of nouns,
we m ea n the diffc n· rt1 co11dition o r po sit io n whi c h
they ha ve in relation to ot lwr worJs i11 the Kame

..

~. >

}t:

'.
I

I

76

rrusT J,i:sso xs rx

sentence. Thprc are in E11glit'h three cases, viz.,
i lie N0111i1Jative, 1he Poc:se,;c:i \ ' 1·, an<l t he Objective.
The word 11 on1i11 alic e is dnin·d from the Latin,
al!d, " trictly 1k!incd, 111c :11 1s 1111111 i 11g; but 1his n ame
11n 111i1w lfrr ' i,; al ,;o gin:n 1o till' per:;on or thing in
1l w c:1 ·111 e1H· 1· wl1iC'l1 i,; n·1ir1 ·,;1· 111l'd :1 !< 11cti1vr.
'l'he
L'
11 :-; 11 :d d1·li11ition of 1111· 1w111ill:1 t in· (';1 ,.;c i:.;, t heret'on· , 1lw Of..;'1' 111 , ru· /ur , or r/uf'r ; i:1 01 IHT Konls, that
\\· lti('li rlu1 'S su111r'/lti11g. ii j,; :ilc:o (' all1 ·d the :)11/Jject,
lwc:ll l:<i' it poi1it,; ont tlw ,;11 hj1 ·d or tl1 e sc11te nce
in whi c h it· i,.; found; a:.;, .J olin \Hilt •,.; copies. Here
1he wnnl .Tu!tn is 1l1 t: :.; 1tl;j('(' l, or no rn ina t ive case,
l.w c: 1u se it 11.111111's 1lw u1·/or , o r It im 'tl'lw do rs some//1i11.!.!··
I 11 1111· fulll>wi1 1g e:.,:;1111pks 1he ll'arn er is
l'l 'll ll irc ll :-i 111pl y 1u :-; llpply 1!11• 110111i11ati,·c : C' at :3

drii:k

,<;(' \\";.:

~ltl~:i

,., ) ~· ;ik

kilit ,;

rt'l'it0

sprns

<haw
paint
\1· ri I c
:; pl'l l
~:t11d y

embroiders

dr.;;:;;;cs
r c;uls
c.:opi r: s
plays
'l ~lll\' (' s
walks

l:t11~l 1 s

si .c;·hs
('l"J('::j

lllllil l' l1 S

quarrel
fiy
s1rim
ruminate
talk

-

a rti c ulate
g- roa n
hrcak

Tl.ii· k :1r11('r ~l10uld l.w n·q11in-d 1o ll s c the exad t'or111 L1 id dowll, 0111/ ·11 0 ut!ter, as t li e verbs
li ;,tvc b ee n purpos ely a rraB g('d iu th e two num·

bcrs.

77

EXGI.TSH CO J\lPOSITION.

LESSON XIX.
OBJECTIVE CASE .

Tuis name is applied to the perso n or thing in
the sc11tenc:c whicli is acted upon by the 1:01n1u a tivc; in oilier wurd :-;, it is the objcd. Thu;; : Johu
strikes \iVilliarn . H erc t h e word }Villiam is the
objective case, b ecause it is ·what the nvminutice
'
John, afli :cb by his action; that is, William is acted
upon by John.

r ..

·~

~

i --:;- '
~'';

.

.f

-~,<

i: t
{ur
;.;tf '·
:;'~~ ·~ .

'1,!-.

EXERCISE JN

Men lmilJ. - - .
Women knit--.
Children stucly - - .
Hoys play - - .
Girls mak e - - .
Cows giYe - - .
Birds tleYOur - - .
l\'Iillers grind - - .

'

s ·EN'l'ENCES.

:·._.;}

T each ers instruct - -.
Carpenters plane - - .
1\hsons build--.

•<

• ' ·r

. ., ,

'

,J:t
,:--,

1\1<-rrhants sell - -.
l>rintcrs puulish - -.
H on ;L's cat - - .
Blaeksmitl1s tihoe ---.

Jn th e following cxamp1f' s 1l1c karner may sup·
ply both ihc nomina tive and ol.ijcdive cases : t.;:

lov e!!
dislikes
makes

spies
discove rs

gt \"C
take
bear
bc·at
beg in

7*

bites
l.mys

catches
clothes
cuts

k eep
mow
ride
rin g
saw

..
fc
', iJ,

·c.:

~ 'l

Ki

78

}' fRST L ESSONS IN

F: )<' G LTSH

79

CO)fPO:>fTTO)<'.

The s s i ands for a whole word,
and should the refore ne ve r be joined to th L: 1101111.

ha::; been left out.

LESSO~

XX.

P 0 S :-:; E S S I Y E C .\. :::. E •

T111s ca::;t·, a s ih nam e irnpli es, d eno tes possessioll, ow11crs hip, or prupc ri y. lt is always known
by a cL·riain s ig n, \d1ich i::; an apostrophe, with the

letters fo llm,·it1 g ii; ns, Jolin'::; book.
H 1Ill' n o un in th e po ssc ::: si n~ c a se e nd s wit h an
s, ilw •q >u'11 ropl10 011l y ir1 add cJ. Tl1U.; : Hu lias
los t l1i s part ·11 h' property.
L .'\. E It< : I s E

l :'<

S l·: :\TEX C ES.

A parent- wishes :;houlrl lie complied with.
The boy- book has bee n spoiled.
A man- manners shoul d be dignified.

Wh e n a proper noun f'nds in s, the po::'>sessive
ca:;.;e mriy be form ed eit her by udJ in g th e a po.st rophe and ldkr s, or by adding rl1e apo:-;1 ruph e alon e.
Tli11s: A11g11 ~; t u,;\; book, or, ,\ ugu sl 11 ,;' bouk.

,.; 1; :; T I·: :-1 CE S.

I ;11 11 sorry for rny two fri c nll ;i mi,.;f.1rtunes.
:l\Jy t11rec sist ers dresses ;ire finish r d.
:;\fany boys caps \\·ere s1111ibl.

Frances- lesson.

Stiles- patent.
\\' illiams- :-;tore.
Wil es- h ouse .
Ho se rs- l tal y.

\Villi s- po ems .
AJarn s_.:._ Ari thmetic.
Chambc:rs- .\l i~(:clh n y.

il 1t~

n>111rnry, if 1h c 11 01 111 in ilw pu ssr• s::o J\"C
ca s ~ doc s not. end ins, the ;1post rnpl1c ;1t1d the lr~ i­
ter s a n~ bu1h add e d. 1n snd1 ca s1· s the s, w h ic h
i:s i lw s ig 11 uf 1he po ::; scssivt•, slw1tld 11 e1·c,- be joincrl
t u t/11..: 11:u ul, lrnt :-l1onld st:1 11d pl a iJ1l y s1· p a ra1 ccl
from i t by i li c <1pu st rophl' . Tli11s : .luh11 '::; \Jou !\.
The n·asnll l'nr this dirl'<"lio11i s, 1li;11 1li1 ! po ssess i\·e c:-i.~c was o ri g in ;dly \ni111•11 1ln1 :-; : .John hi:s
hook. To :s h o r te n 1 ht ~ l'Xpn·s ~: iun in writin g , and
a lso m::ike i t ea : .-: ic r to ::.-:peak , t he fonn \\·;1 :-; cha n ged
to John's book, il1t ~ 1iHic:e of 1he a p o:-; trophe bciug
\J1 thi s case, a:; in o1hn~,1o shuv · \hat. ::; urncthi n g
0 11

J : XJ-:ll C l S E 1:\

!

J

'l'lie learner s hould be required
ex.a mple in both ways.

10

wri te each

"

.,
,1

LESSO~

XXI.

POS::>E::>SIVE CASE .
~r1,.; cr::LJ. A XEOUS

EXER C ,SE.

Mary has lost Jane- l)ook.
I will not disobey m;· ]Mronts-

commands.

-

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

80

81

/l

.Ji

• •

1'

•
:l'

Ma.ry dill not comply ,\-ith her parent- wishes.
The cl1ildren- presents \H'rc hc.autiful.
1 will corn e to s cl · you t111 :\ L! \\' Year- <lay.
.Tames- 11at is rn1t lH ' \\".
('h arks - ta~k is 1 t' IY difli c1ilt.
l\anci s- fri end s were 11u rncrn us.
The " ·onll'n- tri cLls we re Ycry great.
M en- opi11 iPns are of'LL·n infl11en cc <l by their intcres tti.

The pu ss\'ss i\-l' c:t,;l' 11111:-:i he carefully <listinguishl'd fro111 illl' pl11 ral 1111111bcr. Tu do thi::-, the
karnn 111 n s1 rct 1w11i!Jt'r t lr:ll a noun in 1he possessive
ca:-,c i,; i1/1r111; s /(d/o//'t'd /1_1; rwo/!ta '!Willi, as one ('annot 11oss ('.~ s wi1 !H•llt 11oss1 ssing so111ethi11g.
'J'hL· fullu\\ in~- ('\ :u rq >!t,; \i·il l t•n:thl(· ilw karner
io di;-;ni111i 1_1a1l' lwl\\-l ' <'ll 1lll' plural Jllllllbl'r au<l
1lw pus,;1•:-::- i\"'

(- : 1:- 1'.

L o ui:;- t li1111H ' -.1-;.is s1 >111t pu s s•· sse d hy another.
:\l y sist e r,.;- ha n• g1 Jlll' into the country .
My si ster - drL·s:; is n:r y pretty.
Fanny- lc-,.,s on \\'as l1atlly rccitc<l.
P e rson s- tast es chang-r: as they grow ol<ler.
The hoys - are 0111 in th t· yard .
The girl,.;- b:nc C1Jme in.
The tn•es- an· 1-1h("ddit1g th eir leaves.
The hors es-- food is l1l'W-mow11 bay.
The jud gr·- pay is sufficient.

LESSON XXII.
PElt~O~

.

'i~'

tJ

NouNs lia.vc 1l1n·c per::;o 11 ", ihe First, Second, and

Tliir<l.
Th e flr:-:t per:-:on denoil';-; the rwr son speaking; a::;,
"I, J\Tary, ,,-jU study u1y lesson." Here 1 lie 11oun
lllury is in 1l1e iir::;t per::;ou.
The seco 11 <l pcr:-:> on denoies the pcr:-:on ::-pok<'n to
or addre:-:sed; a:o:, "John, attend to vour writ in Do-."
lkre tlic nou n .Tu/in is in i hc secot1d per::;on.
Tlic tl1ird person <lenoks the person or 1bing
ihat is :::po ken of or about; as, "James is a good
boy." "Apple:;-; arc eornnwn fruit." Here Jam es
and apples arc in the third person.
Let th e karncr place each of the followi11g noun s
in their re spective perso ns, as d enoted by the num erals placecl over ih<'m, thus : ~

2.

1.

I,

Ellen, study.

- - Caroline--.
- - Emma--.

- - Andre w --.

i: .

3.

Fanny, come her e.
'.2.

1.

• /.i

J ane -i:s ht t!te gurdcn .
:1.

- - children--. - - parents--.
--boys --.
- - mountains--.
--girls--.
- - mother--.
1.

-----

the Ernpcrnr of H ussia - - .
a me mber of the Council--.
your hwful pr csi( lcnt - - .
Victoria, Quee n of Great Britain - - .

't

82

l'IRST LE SSON S I N

8

2.
- - the clJcst pnpil s - - .
- - t he most i11Ju st ri ous chilJ - - .
- - the most Jisobcdicnt boy--.
pre tty hinl-.;, - - .

- - co u s111::; - - .

- - Jutics - - .

- - p eup] f) - - .

--

- - .T1d ia - - .
- - furllitnre - - .
- - dill n cr - -.

fires - - .
- - poultry--.
- - :;cnants - - .

.

.

- - brother - - .

'l

g<'nd c rs, nurnlJt~r:;; , and per:-:on s , having a11 arii c:le
anu an ndjt·c1i vl' joi rH·d \\·ith them. The bl:u rk:,;
are intt-ndt·d 1o Lw fdlt ·d wi 1It 1li L· ~ c p :td:' of spt'< 'f' h
cilone, ancl 1lte lt ·: Lt ·l wr \\'ill ill' <":uTftd tl1:11 tio \) il ll' rs
arc introd11ct·LL
'J'h c !>Links i11 1lw following ;-;1·11k1 HT .-; ~" l}(lll ! d Le
filled wi1li 11<m11s uC 1he fi rst p r·rso11, iu i rmlu l'in g a
drji11ili' 11r!frl1' aud an w(jr,t:!i r c 111 llll' ;11Jsilii' C
dt'gr N' i111\l

t ':t t ·lt :-'.l'l!tl'lll '. t'.

i . ·,· r 1 •• r -

- , ! i J"

J, - ·I,

LESSON XXIII.
NOUNS.

mt~aw

ug.

Ar(j u ti1:1·s bc·long to nouns, whether placed before
or ajter tli e m .
Let i he learner write nouns m all the different

·. u l' - - --

I '. I ~

l : 1 i t :.~ !t

!• ' :l'' '

- - ·

:~

;·.. .l p ir 1 ·~ \r i ll

' \

11d t p ·:·1 d ;t.

!•

i t.

---··- ·, ·--- -- < 1 ~ · :1Il ~ ; 1 : · ! ~ 1 ~ :-:.~ ; : .• ~~ , pro ;1111! ...;· . •.i l~ - - l ·t \\· .

T, - - -- -- ,,;- t :i ·s ' 1:;, it u. l :-.t 1t··s. ,·,• t p t 'i " -- - b•.\·.
~· 1> 1: r - --. r ·<11 ti r;: -- - - t .1;;k t :J Ge p ·J r C.ir.11 :·,l.

1,

1, - - -

1, who

h ba s been shown in i lie preceding lessons that
nonns have p erson, number, g ender, and case.
There are ihree pcrnons, first, second, and thfrd ;
two 11nru01 ·rs , sin g ular al!d pl mal; four genders,
maseul iu e , fe rnini11e, common, and neuter; and
t. hn•e cases , 11u tn iuativ e, po ,;:-;essivc, and obj ective.
L 'ner.11 1101111, in !lie L'n!..!,·lish. la 11.!.!,·1wg·e has, th en, one
of t l1 1·:-w pc r s u11,;, g 1·1 1d 1T s , 11utnbers, and cases,
a c i:ord i 11µ; to tlw s1:11sr: i11 wl1id1 it j,; w-wd.
Jt has :d ;-;o bee n slww11 t liat. articles arc placed
b ~fo rt 11 0 111;,s, to poiu t. them out., or limit their

.,
•)

- - -

11111 - -,

, wi ll c: :d 0·1Yt.ir to d ~ i my du ty.
m :tst s1; f f c r p :111 i.s hm 1.; Ht

Th e follo\\ ing blanks shuuhl be tilled w i1h nouns
of t ]11: ""' '('O IHI p1 · r s o n, in i rod U<' ill g abo a 11 adj ective
in tlw ('u11 1p:H:tliv(· ckgn· t~ and atl inclt·finile artic le
in to cav Ii :·w 111 t' IH'l'.
I athi,.; c! you, - - , to stud y - - - - lesso n.
- - , "hy h a n~ you des troyed - - - - chilcl" s pleasure by your unkintl nnss ?
- -, yon mus t lcan1 - - - - task.
I cannot permit yon, - -, to misspend .- - entire day
in - - pursuits .
- - , yon are - - than your sist er , for she has learned
- - page.

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84

:n nsT

LESSO~S

IN

- - , thou art - - than thou shouldst be, and wi).
riot receive - - reward.
- - , you arc - - - - boy than your 1.irother.

DECLENSION OF THE PERSON AL PRONOUNS.

Plural.

First person, 11i11gular.

Nom.
Poss.
Ob.

The follo wing blanks should b e fill ed ·with nouns
in th e t hird person, jntroduci ng an adjective in the
superl ati,·e J cgrce and ei ther of th e articles into
eac h se n te nce.

Nom.
Poss.
Ob.

- - d isco ,·crcd - - , one of - - - - achievements
of mod ern times .
- - was - - - - man that CYCr liYed.
- - \\·as - - - - of men, ncw r murmuring, though
h e wn,.; sorely afRictcd.
Gocl" s - - arc - - , c,·i1wing his - - - - and-- .
- - - - icC' that ew:r fr m.c, can only o'er the - close.
- - - - criminal ,,·as se ntenced to death; - - - one was pardo ned.
- - - - !tours of li fe arc thos e of - - ; Nature th en
wears her - - robes, and all is - - and - - .

Nom.
Pos;.
Ob.

I,
My or mine,
Mc.

Second person, singitlar.

•

Tho u,
Thy or thine,
Thee.

Nam.
Poss.
Ob.

IYom.
Poss .
Ou.

She,
Her or h ers,
H er.

l'olorn.
Poss.
Ob.

J 'lt OKOU:;-,':-:.

P1wNo ux::; are worJ::; n ~c <l i1J stcad of noun s, to

-·
;i

Ye or you,
Your or yours,
You.
Plural.

They,
Theirs or their,
Them.

. Plural.

Th ird person, sing. , feminine.

X X l V.

pren· 11 t a too fr cqncnt r<'p<'1 it ion of t h e noun . P erH> 11 al pro110 1111 s :-ire n sl' d ill th e place of the name::;
of p<:r::;o n s, and 1he n· ure five of t hem, viz.: I, thou,
h e, :s!tP, and ii. Th ese, lik e no nn s, ha ve g e nder,
number , p erson, ;:ind case.

Norn.
Poss.
Ob.

N am.
Poss.
Ob.

He,
His,
Him.

W e,
Our or ours,
Us.
Plural.

Tlifrd person, sing. , ma.Yc1tline.

Third person , singidar, neuter.

LESS0 N

85

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

Nom.
Poss.
Ob.

They,
Theirs or their,
Them.
Plural.

Norn. They,
Poss . Theirs or their.
Ob.
Them.

I~,

Its,
It.

'l'he gentler of the first a nd second persons, as
w ell as th at of a ll the plurals in th e third person,
must b e d ete rmined hy th e seu te n cc in whi ch they
stanJ. For example, if I say," The g irls recited
well; th ey did not miss;" th e pronoun th ey is evidently of the feminine gender, &c.
8

'

86

l'IR tn' J,J::S SONS IN

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

LESS ON XXV.

THIRD PERSON, FEMININE .

l'RO :XOUNS.

87

- - has disobeyed - - mother, and I cannot esteem

--.
Trm followin g blauks sho uld be filled with pe1
sonal pronouns of the first person."
- - ha n! lcarncJ. - - lesson well.
- - have lo:;t - - places in the class.
- - iniquities arc great.
How J ohn hurt - - !
- - teacher rcprove J. - - .
That house is - - .

The dress is - - , not Julia's.
The girls attended the lecture, and - - expressed
themsel ves much pleased.
The ladies' work was beautiful, and - - industry most
com mendable .
l\fary and Susan tried; the fault is not - - .
Mauy women attended the sick soldi'ers, who fervently
blessed - - for - - kinJness.
THlllJ> r E RSON, NE UT ER.

SE CO:'\ D PERSON.

- - snows and hails; I never saw any thing like
- - hast disob eyed - - mother.
- - have clisplaccd - - boo ks.
- - J.o e,·il, that goo ll may C'Ome.
- - indw;t.rio us sister Ii.is cx9elled - - .
Make Uocl' s la \\' th e rnle of - - life.
This exercise is - - , is it not?
I called - -, l>ut - - did not come.
TJCIH.I)

l' l · : 1tso ~,

M ASCU LIN"E.

- - has alienated - - bes t fri ends .
Go and Rpcak tu - - , fo r - - is in trouble.
The boys arc m ischievoufi, but - - arc not unkind.
The m en have not earned - - wages ; I cannot pay
- - , for it is not - - .
"' It must be remembered that the examples nre so arranged as to
introduce every pr01wu11 in eaclt declens ion , so that the learner should
ha ve every one introdu ced und er eMh head .

The moon is smaller than the sun; consequently - light is much less. •
Vegetables are h ealthy food ; - - are also easily
raiseJ..
The primary planets revolve around the sun, and - places in the Sohr System are always the same ; none
but an almighty ln nJ. can change - - .
A mighty influence i s - - .

88

FlRST LESSONS IN

LESSON

xxvr.

PHONOUNS.
llfIS CEL T, A.N EOUS .EXEHCI8ES OF rERSOXAL PRONOUNS.

- - ---

has pc rsc Ycran cc, and - - has n one .
<lays anJ years fly S\\·if'tly.
has clisturl>cd - - g rea tly.
h <w c spoilc(l - - tlicrncs.

- - <lost not iP11wo ,·e - - time as - - shoulds t.
Do - - re member - - task?
Dost - - in te n<l to d o rig ht?
Place - - affuc tiom; above.
- - equa ls <l cs pi::ic - - .
- - h:t\·e forgotten - - promise .
- - employer dismiss c(l - - .
- - that acts " ·isc ly deserv es praise.
- that arc wh ole nee d n ot a physicia n, b ut that a rc sick .

Bless - -

-

SU\\ .

that c11rse - -.
what - - want ed to see.

- - caug h t a <l ee r, and co nfin ed - - in an enclosure.
A bird l1as made - - nest on a n elm.
The rnuusc has been driven from - - h ole.
\\.hat a r t - -, freedom ?
- - l1a s become a st ran ge r in - - own Janel.
L e t - - run t he race that is set before--.
- - ha,·e made - - hom e a desolat ion.

God e rcatcd - - m en. an1l - - - Jia ,·e ma11 e yoursel ves
b easts.
Forgive - - - - tres pa ssc::i.
Give - - this day - - daily bread .

ENG LISH COMPOSITION.

89

Paint - - as - - am ; if - - leave out the scars
and wrinkles, - - will not pay - - a shilling.
N oth.i ng pleases - - more than to see - - friends
happy .
- - s~o ul J. be pleased with whatever is agreeable to
the will of - - heavenly Fathe r.
Peace be with - - , - - b ro th er;
Vainly - - look for another
In - - place to stand.

LESSON XX VI I .
PUONOUNS .

l.'I ihc following examples the learn er should be
rcquirccl to supply ilic pronoun, re mem berin g that
all the pru1w111ts 'in the $Cline clause rnust be uf the
stWU' 111rn1bcr, ge ndtY, ruul p erson. This is a very
importa nt rule, an<l particular attention should be
d irectcJ to it.
l:XERCISE IN SENTENCES.

W c have missed - - lessons, but you have learn ccl
TI.oaring torrents , who called - - forth ?
Beautiful blossoms, - - gladden all hearts !
D elicate sno w-drop, who made - - to bloom?
Vain maiden , why dost - - n ot cultivate a humble
spirit ?
Believin g Christian, rest - - .
s ~
~

91

ENGLISH COMPOS l T I·Oi\.

90

LESSO~

X:XYIII .

:I
I

~

Nam.
I'oss .
Ob.

l'EllSO;-; A T,

Nam.
Poss.
Ob.

Himself,

- -'

H imself.

Themselves,

--,
Themsel yes .
I'laral.

Third person, si11g., fem.

Nam.
Poss.
Ob.
·1.

Nom.
Poss.
Ob.

H erself,

- -'

H erself.

Themselv es,

- -'

Thcmscl ves.
Plural.

Third person, sing., neuter.

Nom.
Poss.
Ob.

Nam. Itself,
Poss. - '
I ts elf.
Ob.

,'

LESSON

PHOXO C X S.
C0~1POUXD

Plural.

Third person sing. , mas.

~

Come, - - bl csscll of rnY. Fat he r, inheri t the kin 0rrdom
pre pa reel for - -, from t be, f,nrnch tion of the worlll.
Th e earth lJl'ou;.;li t liii'th >;rass and herb, yieldin g see d
after - - kind . and tl. c tn-c .Yivld inrr
fruit ' whose seed
n
wa s i11 its1 'lt', af't ~ 'r - - kind.
1\ ll sltu 1t!.l ],>1·c - - - friends, ::tllll llo go od' to
enc111ics .
l .l' t c1·1·ry pup il obey - - tl'ad ic r.
lfrar my 11·onis, 0 - - wise nwn; an(l gn·e ear unto
lne , - - that han: knu11lt·d .~c .
S :!re ]y• - li us L s1>okc11
in - - h eari1w
,
C' anLl - httV C li C- <1l" .I t l H~ Y<ij(; I_' o{" - - 11·ords.
I ha1·e heard - - Yoice, hut, alas, - - ll"ilt never
speak <l;.;«tin !

Thcrnscl ves,

--

>

Themscl ves.

XX.IX.

PRONOUNS .

l'UOXOUX~.

th e lea rn er s nppl y co mpound pc r~on;)l
noun s in t li c fo llowing se nte n ces, takin g ca re
all in t he ::;::un c clause a g ree ·w ith t he n ou ns or
nouns for whi c h they stand iu gender, p c r::;o n,
LET

A compou n<l p ersona l pronon n j s one whi ch
adds t li e wor<l self in 1l1e si ngular, n nd sc!t:es rn
th e plural, to the s impl e per::;o n a l prononn s.

prothat
proancl

number: Plura.l.

First persoll , sill!J ttlar.

No m.
Poss.
Ol>..

Myself,

- -,
l.f ysclf.

l\'om.
Poss.
Ob.

--

- -'

Ourselves.

Plu ral.

Seco nd p erson , singular.

Nam . Thyself or yourself,
Poss .
,
Thyself or yourself.
Ob.

0 nrscl vcs,

l\'om.
Poss.

Oh.

Yourselves,

- -'

Yourselves.

.r
1

They - - are in faul t.
vVe - - hav e suffered.
He - - is ruined.
Thou - - art to blame .
The child - - was kill ed.
He hurt--.
committed the deed.
-He -

,.

. 'l
i
!:

t·

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l

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92

ENGLISH COMPOSITION .

FIItST LES SO XS !:-<

No person sho ulll hoast of - - .
l · one ran ''"i th proprie ty cornm en ll - - .
He had no weapo ns with \\·hich to defe nd - - .
One sho ulJ n ot thi11k too fav0rably of - - .
Let eve r y boy answer for - - .
Religion raises m en above - - .
Let each es teem others better than - - .

93

l ••

first care, - - fruit - - first food, and marking
kinds - - first knowledge.

"
1

LESSON

XXX.
1

VEH.13~ .

--,,

A vEnB is a word which expresses action or being. An active ve rb ex prc:;ses actiou ; as,

II

PROMISCUOUS EXEltCISES O:N" rrmso XAL .A.ND COM:l'OUXD P.ERSONAL PRONOU NS.

\Vilt - - rem ember - - ?
- - sh:tl l n eYcr forget - - .
- - cnLlcaYor to control - - passions.
Esteemin g - - wise - - became fools .
- - is - - ; b e not afraiJ.
If - - \\.<' r e - - , - - woulJ behave differe ntly.
\ Vhom do m en sa \· t ha t - - am?
- - 11.a\·in g clictL - - relatir c was appointed in - place.
- - comm e nd - - to your guidance.
- - Father wh o :1.rt in heaven, - - pray that - wilt protect - - this night.
The gardene r found - - charmctl fan to be the very
th.iug - - n ce<lcd. - - had now no labor to perform;
a few sweeps of - - fan brou ght - - all the :flowers
- - wi sh<·<l for. - - thr; refo rc spent - - time in luxurious ind ole11 cl' .
They hurt - - uy - - n eg lige nce.
- - that trnstctl 1 in riches :"<hall fall.
.Tohn, - - in,iure - - .
Man was crcatcLl ou t of the <lust of the earth; and
when - - ros e from the ground, - - saw plants every
where aro u~ d
The rearing- of - - became - -

•

'
:,' j

'

John--,

J\bry - - dresses,
John runs,
Mary makes dresses.
EXERCISE IN SENTENCES .

Brutus C::Dsar.
Cxsar - - Pompey.
Jam es - - his lesson.
The h orse - - through the wood.
The su n - - brightly.
You - - diligently.
- - wealth - - men happy ?
Th e tr:tvell cr - - a treasure.
A hacl boy - - his parents .
\Yilli um - - a rabbit.
Ann - - !'tocking" .
Joseph - - h01:scs.
Irene - - flow ers.
Romulus - - Jl emus.
Scipio - - Jiannihal.

·:~ ~

1•.
'i•
I

I

t·.:
t>
f.

!

,,

94

FIRST L ESSONS IN

EXGLISH COMPOSITION .

96

....,

'. I

The Pacific Ocean - - the western shore of North

LESSO:\!' XXXI.

AcTJVE verbs arc eitl 1cr t ran s itiv e or intransitive.
An activt~ 1ra n :sitivc n~rh require~ the addition pf
an object (a JWr:-;o n or 1!1i11g alkckd by the action)
to eompktc the ;;L·11 ;;,·; a "',

.loh11 - -

(

;l·org1 ~ .

llc - - rtH'.
John strikes George.

He c.ccc ls
EX.EllCISE IX

lll 0. .

SEXTE:\C}~S .

The horse - - the row.
J\fummins - - Corinth.
"\Va:;hiug-ton - - the army.
The goo<l man - - his fellow-men.
\\Te - - Yirtuc .
Antony - - Cleopatra.
K cro - - Horn e .
:J\Icn - - t.he Bibl e.
Many wortls -------- speech.
The li ghtning - - th e tree.
CJcoµ;rapliy - - t.hl' earth .
Astronomy - - th e solar Rystcm.
The cat - - her prey.
The earth - - plants.
Cicero - - orations .
Hegulus - - a truce .
Vain people - - themselves ridiculous.

Ameri ca.
Cold - - water.
Congress - - laws.
Idleness - - nothing.
The teacher - - the bell.
The instructor - - the refractory scholar.
The sun - - light.
The i<llc - - many golden opportunities.
The frost - - the young plants.
Few people - - riches .
My parents - - me.
His father - - him.
Ellen - - the rul es of school.
Mary - - her teacher.
Very few properly - - their time.
Californians - - gold.
Indust ry - - reward.
The I::>O'OYernor - - no favors.
The jailer - - no prisoners.
The book keeper - - the accounts.
\\Tashington - - Cornwallis.
Virtue - - happiness.
Alexander - - Darius.
The allies - - Bonaparte to Elba.

... ~;~"

:;.

.~

'

'.
'

.

~

'

..1

f.

I· .

•
I·

96

l 'I RST LESSONS IN

£.:\'GL I S H

LESSON XXXII.
VERBS.

AN active intransit ive verb does not require the
addition of an object to make sense; as,
John--.
I -.
John come s.
I walk.
EXERCIS E

D i

SEN TEN CES .

The suu - -.
The moon - - .
The children - - .
Tides - - and - - .
.Tuhn and \\'il lia m - - .
B uys and .~irl:-< --- unl l - - .
The ridil' ul 1,11 s sce ne ma<le us - - .
The strnng- lih·ht !!lad e the chil<l - - .
Frc11 ch J>L'Opl 1; lu\ c t11 - - .
Fish - - , lJ11t l,ird:-< - - .
L iuns - - , ur!d ass'"'--.
Flo\\'Cl'S - - in tn e s prn1 :~ -

Thc exoti 1·,.; - - fin e ly .
Tl1c i'rnit ----- [,, tl 1u g roull\l.
\ \-c - - q1 1i ckly, hut - - away ~lowly.
:.\funy childrui l(l\ l' to - - to school.
Briglit ly du th e ,.;t c1rs - - .
Th e iv y - -- tu 1li e oak.

The thi ef - - fru m hi~ pnrs uers.
- - a nd - - - to thy pln cc .
- - <lown, and - - not again .

;
·j

97

C07'IPOSITIO:N'.

A faithful fri end - - closer than a brother.
- - with all thy might - - well.
- - and stand upright.
Benjamin - - oYer the fence.
Birds - - in the air.
" antl I - - .
Susan - 'William - - fast.
He - - in God.
I - - home.
George - - to town last week.
The bird - - and - - .
Bonaparte - - into Russia.
He - - with n staff.
The wicked - - whe.n no man - -.
The moon, whi ch - - that night at an early hour,
gave her lig ht.
I know how you - - with misfortune.
He - - whos e house thnt is.
You - - that she would stay.

t- ,'

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. ,.

Th ere arc sorne verb:-; whi ch in ordinary writing
or convcr:sat io n arc in!raw;itice, but which in :-olemn style or in poetry are trwisitive, at th e option
of the ·writer. Some of these are to be found in
the following list: run
sleep

live

die

la.ugh

smile

walk
grow

EXERCISE IN SENTENCES.

He - - a life of virtue.
She - - a heavenly smile on him, that brightens all
his heart.
9

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98

ENGI.ISH COMPOSITION.

\Vho i:; "illiug to - - the drunkaru' s <lea th?
Let me - - the death o[ th e righteous.
Sh e - - th e i1liofs lauµ;h.
L e t us - - th e rate that is set before us.
ll e - - th e sleep of dca lh.
Th e suffl'ring man - - - the room in agony.
Garden e r:; - - \·cge:talil es and flowers.

LE:'lSO>i

XX.XIII.

YEl~Bti.

liclw ld
flee
kn eel
lead
clriuk
give
li e
shak e
,;mi t c

;Hak e
shrink
:-:ink
spend
fall
go
ritle
sh eer
sow

~; \\"(' ll

s prn1g
' rrn1g

s \\" l ll1
Jl y
grow
n sc

show
sp eak

tea c: h
anse
a wake
bear
for•ret
<:>
hide
run
Blay
WC(ll'

begin
blow
break
come
freeze
know
see
slide
write

rcc..:ommendcd that the learner select the
vcrlJ f' above, ;u1d w ri te them in two lines, headed ·
by ilie \\·orcb 1\ctin? Tr:rn;,;i1ive au<l Active Ini;ran·
:-nt1v f' . After t l1i ::; lws been . done, he should intro·
duce \'otch verb in1o a S(•ntencc of his own, which
the kaclwr will examine and correct.

It

l :S

LESSON XXXIV.
VERBS.
NEUTE!t

\ ' .El111S.

A NEUTEit verb, a;:; ib name implies, expresses
neither aetion nor pas::;io11, but s imply being or existence i11 a certain state; as, Ellen is good; that
house belongs tu rne. Ellen - - good; that house
- - t o me.
EXERCISE TN

Tm: lcarn<'r will now arrn11ge the following list
in two cbs s L~s, ad i vc t ra 11 :,i ti vc a ncl active intransi·
tivc, according 10 th1· pn·,· ion~ ddi11ition::;.

99

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SENTl~NCES.

I - - really ill.
- - thou as industrious as thou shouldst be?
- - yon present at the time?
It - - incredilil c.
\i\T e - - mistaken.
They - - quiet during all the confusion.
\i\Till she - - through the cla ?
Many m en - - intemperate by slow degrees.
The p(llace - - on a higli hill.
- - with your friends, do not depart.
- - in thine own home, a ntl be content.
Thou shalt - - down with kings.
He - - on the ground all night.
The ship - - tu in the harlior, on account of the
storm.
vVe - - on the summit.
- - quietly on your ~eat.
They-- upon the vct;se;l\; deck, each dreadin g his fate.
- - contcntccl with yom lot, and nothing shall - 11.ble to make you unhappy.

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100

FIRST LESSONS IN

- - they well ? Y cs, they - -.
If thou - - wise, remember that "time - - , time
- - , but time shall - - no more."
Arithmetic - - the science of numbers.
\\"c - - at l1ome.
Th e sto rmy .:\larch - - h ere at last.
Th e changc<l 11 inds - - soft and warm.
\\ "h ;it - - - more natural and bceo ming than praise at
the thrunc of God?
\Vlicrc - a ruin to lx: found so mournful and so
c01nplet c as that of J utlalt ?
Thy holy citi es - - a wilderness , Zion - - a wilderne ss , J erusalem - - a <lcsulation.
- - cunt t-" nt; take two talents.
Hcligion - - a social concern.
liu \\' po wr.:rle:-;s coirn ci en cc \\'Ould
without the
ldil' i' ui' a Gotl !

Tli c h ea rt of se nsiuility - - fur mis ery 'vherever it

1ferc - - r.uid loYed anoth('r rac e of beings.
Jfrrc and there a s tri C' ll few - -.
.fo s t'p !i - -- - - - sic·]-.
- - in your 011·n chai r.
11 i:; ctmduct (loes n ot - - with his professions.
Th e hu11cst 1nan - - liy hi s \\'Ord.
I - - bL'ncath the shade of rny own Yinc and fig tree.

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

101

LE S S 0 N X X XV.
VEitilS.
l' ASSIY.E VEHBS.

A PASSIVE verb represents the subject or nominative as being acted upon; as, Cmsar was kille<l
by Brutu:;. An active transitive verb may alway:;
be changc<l into a passive one without altt>ring the
sen se; a;-;, in tlw preceding ex::m 1ple, jf we say,
Brutus kiL!t:d Ca~sar, killed j:; an adice transitive
verb; but if we say, Ca;::;;U" was killed by Brutus,
was killed is a pas::;ivc verb. Ju!tn hurt Jwnes;
change<l to tl 1e passive form, James was hurt by
John.
Jn Hw following examples the learner is required
to ehnngc tlw active form into the passive form.
rrhc verbs to be a.1tcrc<l arc in It.alics.

'

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Cnlumhul:l disror crl'll America .
Mitchell has 1rrilfcn a geography.
C:esar d1fcalccl Pompey.
Ambition often drfres men to the meanest actions.
Cary lrrinslai ed the works of Dante, the great Italian
po et.
Charlel:l Fifth, Emperor of Germany, abdicated the

throne.
Religion soothes our sorrows .
All men must suffer the common lot.
Burke u:rote a treatise on the sublime and beautiful.

Every plant and flower Jrroclaims its Maker' s praise.

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103

FIR ST J , ES S OX S IN

E);GLI::lll c u:J.PO::llTION.

The siren so ng of pleas ure has c11ticecl many a youth
from th e pat h of J 11 ty.

\Vho made you glorio us as the gates of heaven,
B eneath the k een, full muon?

~ a n y a 11 a n lw s so /cl hi :; liirthrig ht for a mess of pottage .
" I ca n't" n eYe r did any thin g; "I will try" has done
wond ers .
The \\·incl or th e rain has dtstroyed the .flowers.
A fri end c.raggcrat es a man's Yirt ues.
Th e A m e ri cans elertn l G cnrgo l'"<1shington president.
C har](·;; appointed l'hili p li i,.; s neccsso r .
G oLl rrrnteJ yo u men, atHl you lwr· c made yourselves
Leas ts .
Y e /l(Jl: e 111ade o ur h o me a (lcsola tion.
T h e Homan la d ies rcorc gold e n ea rring,;.
H cli ,:.;·ion njinrs onr mora l sent iments.
Th e c 11rJ'L' W lo//;; th e lrn l' ll of' pa rting Jay.
Th e scra pl1 cul111 ccl cac11 an xivu s fo ar.
T he L ord zc ill CuNtj~ J°l Ziun.
The lwa\·ens d cclur i:; th e g lory of Go d .
T !lc H c.Jy Scr iptu r es lig lz l ou r heni gl1terl pathway.
Cozi.lrl a m ere m a n har e ra ist 1l th e d ead?
The Duke of \\ 'cl l i n.~ ton d1} ·r1 fr d Dunaparte .
Th e priest 1m n i 11 l cd l1irn Kin g ()r Israe l.
Th e s uL!icrs prncluimcrL Otho e mperor.
liurro r and d o ulJt di str11cl hi s tro uLl ccl thoughts.
}J c ·u:rulc l1is works too ean: lc ·s ~l y to be long remcmb crccl.
\\' c ·111 ust m·uid all 1111 1Jt' 1· c ss:1r y ha rshn ess.

0, what a tangl ed web we weave,
\Vhen first wP, practise to deceive!

LESSON XXXVI.

.'. ;J I!~ t

ADV En.rm.

i'

AN atlv crb is a word joined to a vf'rb, adj ective,
or other adverb, io dt.:scrib e it, or modify its meaning; as, Johu learnul tlw lesson fjt1ich:l!J; hf' rc
quidd.!J is an adverb, f:l10wi11g- how Julill lc:1.nwd hi s
les::;o11, aud th e re fore qualifyin g or 111udiCy i11g tile
se w~c or di e verb learned. Elleu learned hf·r lL· s::;o n
very c1uiL".kly; here 1'N!f is a n adn.:rb, nw d ify itJ g
the m ca11in g of the U(lL:c 1.ZJ <;11ickly. E llen is l!1 o rc
indu s1rio11 s 1lnn Jl)t1n; ll('rt~ more 1 ~ an a th ·<'rh,
qualifyin ~ the {{11jl'clil' t. i11t!11sli"iu11s.
Tlw a1hnbs
of the E11 g li~h lall g n:t g l~ arc ::il) mu1wruus 1liat it
would h~1rdly be c.:-; pedic11t to 11 u 11-ic them all; but
the pri11ci pal in 111o :·d, comir 1011 use will be fouwl
under 1!1c follu\\'i11g !wads, viz.: -

.

ADY EH H S O F

Can sto ri ed urn or anima t1 ·d bus t
Back to its man sion rn/7 the fleeting breath ?
Can H onor's voice prorokc the silent dust,
Or Flattery soothe the <lull, cold ear of death?

ii

i,

here
anrvh cre
upw ard
there

h en ce
clown ward
where

I .

l'LA ( "E A:\"D O HDEU .

hi th e r
backward
yonJcr

wh ence
first
elsewhere

whither
secondly
thirJly
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104

E:S-GJ,JSII G0'.\1POSITTON .

FIRST LESSOSS IX

EXE Jtl' I S I·: 1 ~

EXERCISE

SE:-."TE:-<CES .

I:-<

105

SE~Tict\CES.

1 live - - \\'lie n l an1 at home .

- - - - play is more injurious than - - - - work.

.\[y lrn:-<iJlt·ss calls me - - .

She l uYcd no t - - , but too - -.
- - I wa s e na 1Jlcc1 to ov e rcome all obstacles .
Y.a u a r e - - - punished for your misconduc t.
- - - - th e sun ri::; ei; on a clear mor ni n g !
The invaliJ \rnlkeJ - -.
He alway s behave d - -.
The little ch ild - - tolJ the truth, though he knew

- - ha\·e )'Oll lll'('ll ?
I caunot go - -.
- - , I \\'ill hear your la:-<t lesson over again.
- - , I will explain the n ex t oue.
with bad
:\Iy moth er " ·ill nut permit me to go
corn pam<ms.
:'.\1cn lo\' e ]JO\\"l' r; - -

aris e war:-< liy \\' b ich the y hope

to gai n it.
Comt~ - -, my prdty gazelle !
- - c.i nll: you? Frum Europe .
- - are you goinµ;? ;fo th e lancl of the h1e8sed.
Th e binl lli <·s - - ; hc ncatli him flo ws the river - to the s C' a.
Do n ot go - - in your :,;!udies.

"'
LESSO.:\!"

.ADVEHB:-.;
OF

w ell
prudently
Lighly
Ii 0 \\'
yea
doubtless
most
\!lowly
more

MA~~Elt,

'"isely
lJra vel y
e11tirdy
ho \\' e \'C l'
verily
in <ketl
lc~s

g reatly

no

J)E<JlU:.: E, ETC.

justly
too
!ll U C!t
ex cessi vcl y
pe r fectl y
pl'rhap;i
so
s urely
trnly
why
"·hen: fore
thus
least
sufficient] y ye t
nay
not
happily

g loriously
very
enough
possibly
certainly
therefore

as

really

-'r
I

he woulll be puni sh etl.

Y uu arc - -

id le ; - - you cannot expect a rcwar<l .

·Such exerci ses arc - - instructive.

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O ur Lonl was - - holy .
She is - - indu s trious; almost - - - - - - for

<

'

h er h ealth.
Have you finishc(l y o ur work ? - - ; - - .
The 1~10thcr was - - distresse d at the l oss of h er
chil<l .
I have eaten - - ; lrnt - - she woul<l like more .
- - I say unto you, th e y have their re ward.
Le t your conve rsation lie - -, - -, - -, - - ; for
w hatsoc,·e r is more than these cometh of evi l.
I cannot - - do it ; you must - - excuse me.
- - goodness an <l m ercy shall follow me all the Llays

XXXVII .

. .··
' ·-}:

of my life.
'\Vill you llo so ? - - I will, with p leasure .
- - you know the rules; you ne cLl - - violate them.
I may - - attcn<l th e co m;c rt in the evening.
You arc a sfiumi!1~ - - to :-;peak to m e in ~rnch a t onl!.
- - do you bdrn1·c; ·1 cannot tell, - -.
patriotic than Napoleon .
'\V:rnhi ngton \\·us - Nero was a - - h orril.>l e tyran t.

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106

I:;:'\UJ, I S H

1-'IRST J,ESSOXS I.:-;"

Seneca was - - courageous than Socrates.
Cincinnatus was the - - ambitious of the Roman generals.
- - 111an was e ver - - universally r espected as our
fin;t president.

LE8SON XX.XV I I I.
AD VEHRS
oF

now
recently
hitherto
al ways
often
hourly
next

to -(lay
8111Ce
to-morrow
CYer
agam
once
wheu

Tl

~r

ins tantly
Lefo re
h ereafter
n eve r
frequently
twi ce
th en

EXl:llCISE

J~

E.

immcuiately
ago
henceforth
eternally
sometimes
thrice
till

a lready
yes terday
soon
continually
dail y
firs t
early

SEXTEXCES.

\\'ill you r ecite - - ? Not--.
8he oueyeu her mother--.
Th e physician came - - , as it was an urgent case.
Jia,·c you pcrformcu your task - - ?
I was - - Yc ry ill.
- - li e has l>L" e ll li ne he has l>el!ll sick.
- - you came he W(l w ell.
They <l q iartcu three <lays - -.
\Ve came--, Lut shall lease - -.
- - 1 haYc given you very easy lesso ns .
The first futur e teu sc expresses wh at will take place - - .
- - i;he must endeavor to employ her time well.

•

Co Ml' OSI TION .

!

107

l
j

How - -- will all our plans be e nded !
'\Ve should - - prcf1:r d uty to pl easure .
- - rem emb er lhat Uu:l s::ocs yon .
- - forget that your C'r·.'ator i,; ornnipresc,ut.
The goo cl s h.i 11 Ii 1·c - - in hl'a 1·t:11.
T h e \\'ick cd arc - -- 1:nl ta ppy.
You arc - - laLc a t ,w ho ol.
Time Jo ,; t sli:d l 11ot r: ;, :mt - - - .
How - - ctn we rna!rn nti :-; lak(:s I !trough careless ness !
- - 1 t:J1ink tliat L11crc is hardl y any thi1?g worth livi ng for; hut th is i:-; 1·cry wr:rn;..;.
\ Ve - - s in, an cl arc - - !Orgi 1-c n .
T h e ck('k strikes tltc time - -.
Tim e - - - lvs t i,; l o~ t fur cn ·r.
- - haYC I r cprv 1·c rl you; let me not be obliged to do

it - - .
At - - I conld hanlly see .
- - you may commit th e definitions to m emory.
- - will yon come ?
Diel you h ear it thunder - - ?
I shall remain - - she g0es.
- - the follo ,1·ing morning the friends parteJ .

LESSON

XXX I X.

ADVERBS .
MISCELLANEOUS

EXERCISES IN SENT E NCES.

Beasts sho uld be - - treated .

B e - - cautious.
Act-- - - .

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108

FIRST LESSONS IN
10~

ENGLISH COMPOSITION .

He bchaYed - - .
I have see n him - - .
Vi ce may be seen - - - - .
- - are )~Ou going ?
I will - - point out the mistakes.
Leonida~ dic<l - - on the field of battle.
You ,\·oul<l have many - - written pages if you were
- - careful.
I shall sec you - - you come.
\ V c ~hould - - r espec t those brave patriot:; who have
- - - - dcfo ncle<l th eir country.
She ha.cl -·- seen a man sion - - - - spacious.
R ememb er -- , my dear sir, my serious advice.
You must go - - and <lo as I bid you.
I - - expected him to go .
You shou ld - - obey your parents .
- - un cared fo r, th e beggar died.
Peter went out and wept - - .
I kno w - - you cam e.
Y o H can tell - h<' walks .
Th e trees l)(' nJ - - - - wh en the wind blows.
The)' arc - - Y Oll ll"
K cgl igent peopl e <lo tlu.:ir work -- .
My fri end s s:1 ileJ - - over the sea, but were _ _ ill
after lnndi1 1:; in Fran ce .
S hu kspca rc· - - has Ol' C ll an rl - - will be admired for
- --- d cl irtcatin g hurnari 11 at11rn.
,~· as - - - - pl ca::; in g- 1)11 acco uut of his vanity.
\\ ill ram aded - - , but fai led.
\\-c ma y li1·e - - 017"a little.
It ca nnut - - be impertinent to apprise him of his
fault.
\\' <· offered remuneration, which
not being reeuivr rl we withdrew .
~

n:.

Your duties should - - be neglected.
No sovereign was - - - - - - beloved by his
people.
A child - - - - - educated will - - rise in the
world .
\ Ve found them - - - - - - in want of fire as of
food.
- -·prefer duty to pleasure.
You should - - think - - - - you speak - - .
It is - - to be - - at work.
The heavenly bodies arc in motion - - .
My opinio n was based on - - a cursory perusal of the
book .
\Ve should not allow ourselves to be - - overcome by
any sorrow.

LESSON

XL.

ADVERBS .

(">.

ADVERBIAL phrases consist of more than one
word, but are used precisely in the same way as
adverbs. The following li::;t contains some of
those rn·ost common ly in use: -

long si nce
a few days ago
by and by

not yet
none at all
at length

in vain
by no means
a great J eal

.EXERCISE IN SENTENCES.

The suffering man groaned - - .
- - you attempt to decei·,,e me ; you can - - do it.
10

110

:FI HS T J,ESSONS IN

E::\'GLISH COMPOS ITION.

The <lclu gc took place - - .
I am - - reacly.
He set forth his obj ec tions - -.
\V e haJ an carthqnakc - - .
- - yon will be rC'a<ly to enter higher classes.
Have yon rcce in.! <l any prizes? - -.

T he more he walk~ the better he feels. In this
sc11tl'nce t l1e phra::;<·,.; the more and the better are
abo calkd adverbial pl 1 ra~; l'S. In short, any word,
or collection of \\·ord,.;, which rnocl ities the mcanij1g
of a verb, adjcc1 iv<', or other adverb, is an adverb.
i\h 11 y a<hnh s :t1·1· :il so r1,.;t:ll as arlj'ectives, a.ccord·
ing to 1lw part oi' C']W<'('h which they qualify; but
tliLTC is an in\·:1ri:1hl1' rnlr· by \•:h i ch to distinguish
an adj c('( ive fro111 au adverb, whi('.h is t his - An.
ar{j1?c/ic c 11: i!I o lf1' 11.1; s 1J1(//,·c sense with a noun, an
::i dvvru 11.1·1 ·r' r 1l'i!I; a,.;, John is a good boy. Here
good is :111 :idjl'<·1i\'l', lw< ·:111 ,.;c it makes :sense with
t lH' 11unn /)(u; ; l111t w ~ l'au not. s ~1y, Jo hn ar:ls good,
for an :1dj<'diH~ 11 c\· t ·1· 111odi!ics the meaning of a
ve rb; n ei t her (' ;Ill we 1i:1y, 1his sh rub takes soonest
root, Cu r soonest is an adverb, and cannot rno<lify
the ~t· 11 ::;c or a ll Ullll. The following list contains
wPrd:-; wl1il'h rna v lw u:-;ccl e it her as adjectives or
ad\' c rb s, according Jo the preceding rules : fin.; t
monthly
hourly
daily
yearly
least
weekly much

n ext
earl y
li ttl l!

m ore
no
late

most
better
fast

best. worst
worse less
well upward

The preceding words as Adjectives, -

111
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She giv es me the - - trouble .
vVe take a - - pa per.
Look on the - - page.
They attend - - services.
The - - changes of the moo!).
This is an - - ex ercisP..
\i\Tc ha ve a - - celebratio n.
The poor haY C -~ trouble.
R ead the - - page.
13e an - - ris~.
Help the - - g irl.
- - p eople were present to-day.
- - man may put off th e law of Go<l.
The - - n0ws is clistressing.
- - p eople <lislike h ard work.
Your siste r is a - - girl.
H e walkc<l at a - - pace.
The - - p eople arc sometimes in fault.
John is - - than Jam es .
My parents are both - -.
This is the - - ex ercise which I have seen to-day.
- - stuJy will never learn the lesson .
Your progress shou ld be - - .

'l'hc precedi ng wonh as Adverbs, He is the - - industrious.
I take a music lesson - -.
Recite your lesson - -.
The paper is puhlishcd - - .
The moon wax es and wanes - - .

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112

F I R ST L ES SONS IN

:ENGLISH COM POSITION.

The clock strikes - - .
T he fo urth of July is celc brated - - .
T he rich have not - - less.
You may parse - -.
Y ou sh o uld ris e - -.
B e a - - m ore patient.
- - attentive scholars succeed.
\ Vill yo u com e ?
Y ou we re - - this morning.
S he is th e - - indu strio us girl.
~h e be haves - - th an you <lo.
T he h orse ran - - .
He did it the - - .
It was altered for the - - .
T he son g was - - s ung .
They lichaved th e - - .
E ll en is the - - t o be tru sted since she has deceived
me once.
The lark flies - -.

LESSON

XLI .

I'REPO SITIONS.

A Pn i-:Po s rTION .i s a word used to connect words,
un<l t li erl'l.>y ~how the rela tion between them. The
foll owin g is a li::it of t he princ ipal: amo ng
aroun cl
amidst
athwart

a fte r
abo 11t
against
across

above
according to
at
behind

betwixt
beside
beyond
before '

by
below
between
beneath
concerning
down
during
except
excepting

for
from
in
into
instead of
notwithstanding
near
of
off

on
over
out of
save
respecting
to
towards
through
throughout

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touching
up
upon
under
underneath
unto
with
within
without

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Th e learner will perceive that many of the
word::; in t he preceding li::it arc also used a s a <lverL::;. Asid e from the se nse, there is a cert a in
rule by whi c h a prepositio n way alwa.11s be d.i stingui::; li cd from au adv e rb . A prepo::;it ion a lu:riys
take :; a nonn or prououn i11 the obj ective C' :lSt: al"tt ~ r
it, while an adn·rb do('s uoL I n th e followin g examples Lite prcc'. <x ling words \vill be u::ied a::; pre posit iom; alone,
H e walks - - a staff - - moo nlight.
Though h e slay me, yet will I trust - ..- - him.
Be th e glory not - - us, but - - thee.
It ,\·as 11ot agreeable - - prophecy, nor conformable
-. - - the divine~ arrangemen t .
The love - - money is th e root - - all evil.
I r emember him - - my childhood.
He arrived - - the man sion - - his father.
He was dependent - - the papal crown.
I have nq occasion - - his services.
You have bestow ed them - - the most deserving
child.
You have a prejudice - - my cause.
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115

FlllSl' _L ES SONS lN

W 'IGLISII CO.,lPOSITION .

Let us go - - that garden.
\V e went lcisurt;]y - - stairs, but ~amc hastily--.
- - t hat a.ffair th er e \ras a cuntrovcrsy.
- - th e oak li.:: a co rn 0 - - great abu1H1ance.
1 l e Ii 1·cs - - his incum::.
\\-e 111i g:~ l lea rn th e lcssou - - them.
- - m y impression h e is - - fault.
\ \' c may exp ec t a calm - - a storm.
; \11 l w 11 c ~;L 1u a 11 is l)"licvcd -- - an oath, for his reputa tion s11· c a r :-1 - - !t i1 !l.
lnt «111 1w ran ::c dri1·c:-1 wi t - - th e head, money - th e puc k ct, el lJ 0 11·s - - the cuat, aa<l health - - the

I will allow you all to go - - Mary; she has not behaved well.
- - - - milk you have given me vinegar.
- - his pov erty, he was respected and beloved.
They live - - tho n ew cathedral.
Th e \Viml bl ew - - his cap:
vVatch - - t h y child, and teach him God's law.
There they arc, coming - - us.
There has been too much carelessness - - - the whole
)esson.
- - your con tlnct I shall say nothing now.
The fruit li es - - tho tree.
The primary rock lies - - the secondary in -this r egion.
All arc right - - one.

l1u1l y .

tlie fo rest he ru ::;hed, - - the rapidity-- light111 11;.;-.

1 \\-;1s ycs tcnby - - - sunse t w1Jk ing - - th e fie lds.
\\-h at co11corLl c-a n s u1J sis t - - those who commit
crim..:s and tlw sc \rh o a li lwr t lit: m?
Co li olllly - - tlie;n, allll the y "'ill not hurt you.
>::>he \\'ure a \Yrca th - - iYy - - her tcmpleo.
- - man y r cfjucs ts h e h ad some difficulty - - deciding whi ch to g ran t.
The ligli tning ~lcam c cl - - the cloucls.
Tlic frail bo:_i_t was driv en - - the swollen stream.
l [ c a1·t; n i:-1 - - tlie earth .
lt is supposed tliat - - the surface - - the earth,
- - the tli stance - - a few miles, there is a sea - fire .
'Ihe tirctl boy ran - - the carriage.
- - thee and me shall ever b e unclouded peace.
Th e li ttle child sleeps - - its mother peacefully.
- - the grave there is a better land than this.
- - your exercise I have not much to say at present.
All recited well - - JanteB.

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LESSON XLII.

":1

As was before remark ed, _the sam e words are
used a s prepo si1ions a nd as adverbs. The learner
will now proceed io fill up the Llanks in th e succeeding e xa m pies with these word s, arranging them
as they are printed.

~

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PRl~P OSITIONS.

He walked - - the nouse.
I will go - - dinner.
They ran - - the garden.
The lamb skipped - - the meadow.
The Almighty dwells - - the skies.
We rode - - the house.
She is - - stairs.

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116

YIIl ST LE SSO NS IN

Such conduct is - - me.
The garden is - - the house.
Th e an g els Jwell - - the stars.
They haYe all gone - - me.
\'i'e 'rent - - th e steep staircase.
They arc - - the house .
The oak is - - the well .
The winJ l>l e w - - the blossoms.
F ew leav es re main - - the trees.
The hor se rnn - - child.
I am go in g - - stairs.
The book li es - - the table.
Confine yourself - - your means.
Man cannot live - - food.
ADVElllJS.

\Ve h ave lJccn walking - - .
He wen t - - J diJ .
- - twenty men came .
\V c took a. short road - - .
H eave n i s - -.
Th e soldi er s passed - - .
Th e <linin g room i s -- .
The peaC'h es li e - - .
You n.re lagg ing - - .
\Vilt thou go - - ?
- - you came, he behaved well.
\Vill you come - - ?
Go--.
She was standing - - .
The thief has run - - .
Go - - ; do not stop.
We cros!led - - .

ENGLISH COMPOSIT ION.

117

The bird flew - - .
The bundle is - - .
Go - - ; it rains.
He is in the house ; I am - - .

LESSON

XLIII.

CONJUNCTIONS.

CoNJUNCTION S are words u sed to connect words
and sentences togethe r. Th ere arc two kinds,
viz., Copulative an<l Disjunct ive.
A copulative conjunction connects and continues
a sc ntem:e by expressing addition, motive, wish,
supposition, condition, and cause.
corur.ATIVE
and
both

because
besides

fo r
if

CONJ'UXCTIONS.

provided
smce

then
that

therefore
wherefore

EXERCISE I:\ SENTEKCES .

Jam es - - John both came.
I will µ;o - - for h er sake - - my own.
She went - - her muth er commanded her.
You h aYe missed - - yon have not behaved well.
\ V c recited th e lcs;.;on well - -- ""·c had stullicd .
- - yo n g o, I \\·ill n ot.
I will occupy a scat, - - I Jo not take the place of
another.
- - you \\' ere at school, yo n nrnst know where the
lessons an'.

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} ' IR S T

f,J•:i>so"N" ::;

EXGLT S JI

IX

Did yo u hear th e wind whistl e - - ?
I go to sch ool r eg ularly, - - I may learn.
You haYe bee n disub cdicnt, - - you will be punishen.
. - - by th eir fruit:; ye sh all k n ow them.
Jl[ S JUNCTl\'J·:

but
than

di ~jundivc c o11jnnui iou

thongh
ci tlter -

..

or
as

Jrr

This con si!'ts in using a copulative conjunction
where a di sjunctive one should be introduced; for
example, I am going, and she ~s not. H ere and is
improperly u sed; it should be but, to express oppositio 1t of meaning- I am going, but she is not.

If I
11

nnlcss
ll!.:ithcr

nor
lest

yet

notwithstanding

- - .John - - .Jam es will go.
- - Mary - - Ell e n can rcaLl wclL
} {c was poor, - - h e mig ht ltu.ve been rich.
I am n ot well, - - T a m not seriously ill.
I can walk, - - I am n~ ry infirm.
\Vi silom is bette r - - r iches.
I wo nld like to go , - - I cann ot .
Jfo is - - ol1l - - sh e is.
I can not permi t it - - you will promise me to return
immedia.tel y .
You must remain here - - you should take cold.

J, E S S 0 N

X L I V.

THcRr:: is a very common mistake in the use of
conjunction", which it is necessary to guard against.

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MI S CEI.LA.XEO u S

EXEH U ISES

UJ-' C U.\'Jt::\

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l'IO::\ S .

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The neighbors stared - - si gh c(l - - lJl cRscd the lad;
Some d eemed him wondrons \\·1sc, - some belie ved
h im rnacl.

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gr-eat library.

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In e very g on.: rnmcnt - - t errors rei g n,
- - tyrant kings - - tyran t b '.n; restrain;
H o\\' sm a ll o f all that hum a n h earts endure,
Th at part \\'hich la\\" S - - kin gs ca n cause - - cure;
Still to oursel ,·cs in CYery place consigned,
Our own feli city we make - - lin<l.
At night I hold a lantern over my head, - - to show
where I am, - - to keep people out of the gutters.
He was - - sustained in his independent - - honest
course by any enthusiasm - - fervor of character, - placed in circumstances which made the emoluments of
place indiffe rent .
A few good books well chosen are of more use - - a

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He sing>i the son g . - - it pleases not now.
The thoug ht of being notlting after d eath is a burden
insupportable to a virtuous man, even - - a h eathen.
I am of opinion - - I slw11lcl derive less dignity from
any nobility of anceRt.ry - - from b eing the son of such
a father.

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i-:xE H C r s .I:: J N SEXTJo:XCES .

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U(l)[JU~C'l'IONS.

connects or continuf'~
a sc nt e 11l't' by l':;prc s :-;in g opposition of meaning in
various d egre e::; .
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E'.\"\.LI S H

FIR ST LE SS ONS IN

CO ~fPOSITIO=" .

121

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If all the year w ere p laying holidays,

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LESSON

To sport "·oul<l be - - t edious - - to work.

Say, wi th rich e r crimson glows
The kingly mantl e - - the rose?
Say, have kings more wholesome fare
- - we poor citize n8 of air?
Barns - - h oanlccl g rain have we,
·- - we caro l m erril y.
:M ortal , fl y fro m tl ou lJt - - sorrow;
God p nJ\· icl ~·t1 1 f;i r t! 10 m orrow .
0 winter, ru k r uf tl1 1: i11\' ert Jd year,
I Jo n i th -:- e, a ll m il u·.- cly - - t.hou scem'st,
---- drc' :td c rl - - - tho u art.
Ther l' was a s o1;11il <li' J'f: \' eh y hy nig ht,
- - fk l;..; iu m ·s cap; t:il ha d p;a lh crc cl there

XJ.,,V .

I~TERJE CTIOXS.

lN'n:r:J ECT10:-.;s are word::; t h rown iu betwe e n the
parts of a se n t ence to cx pre~; ::; the su<lclcn pa ssion
or feeli1 1g of tile s 1)l'ak c r. 'I' hc following lis t c-on tai11s tlw prinl'ipal. Tile le arner must r c rncrnbcr
that every il!tcrjc<.:t io 11 reqntre::; an cx c:lam at io 11
poin t a fter i i.

ah
alas
oh
hi st

ha
0
fudge
hrigh-ho

pi sh
tu sh
pshaw
heyday

poh
lie
aYauut
bravo

ho
h alloo
a ha
ailic n

huzza

k1.il
all-hail
·welcome h ush
strange
bcholJ

hurrah

Jl e r li:::a1ity - -- l w r c!i !,·ai !·:: . - - bri ght
T he L111p s :;h11 : (' u' :' r !':t: r "'· o::;c n - - brave m en;
~\ il1 11u:,an .\ h'.· ;; rt>. h:·:d L1pr> :ly. - - where
:;\ [ us i:· a r o ·;•_' " ·it'.: it s , u].,;i'.:1:J1:s " \1 ·~· 11,
S o!'t L',V C' !'l l" n k <·d Li-. ,. I<> •·: t's ,1·! 1ich spak e again,
- - - all \\' t ! 11t rn r·n .\' --·-- - :L ::rnrria:.:;e b ell;
- - h 11:d1 ! ~ 1 : 1r k ! a <i1•r p :.r>1111 tl s t ri kc·s like a rising knell!
Tl: " n ' "":" th '.' li t111 ·:·: ~ ( :1cL ro lJ ill, th e fav-orite game of
st r ip li n~; :-1 H1rts 11wn. \\·it h i l >i lo u tl. q11 crnl01rn note; - th r· 1;,·it ter i!1 g l>lac1, bi r,h_ fl:; i11g· i '. t :.a:il : o cl ouds; - - the

guld cn-\\·in:'.·ed ·:. tlodpc ck 1.· r, w il!t liis Rplendiu plumage ;
- - th e ce d ar b ird, \\' ith its r ctl-tippcd wings - - ycllow- t ipp ctl tail. - - its litt k montero cap of feathers;
- - th e hlue jay, that n c ii::y c o ~:co mb, in his gay, lightulu c coat - - \\'hite 1md crcloth cs , s cr eaming - - chattering, n ocl di!1g - - b ob hi nf.i - - bowing - - pretendin g to b e on good t erm s with e very songster of the grov&.

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H e di ed, - - ! in early yo1tth .
t h e n an d t li!.:rl' \\'as hurryiu g to an <l fro.
n 1ak e m e a ;; raYe wh ere th e sun b<:::un s res t..
thou \\'lw tlry cst th e mo m·ne r'i:; t ear.
t"l 1e s ick man slee ps.
- - - ! that is illtle c J a11111sin g .
\\·hat J\ Ol lS U JlS (' !
wh e n \\·ill ,:h e C'o1 11r: ? I have waited F:U long!
Th e impa ti e nt m:tn e:-.:: cla im c"l, - - !
tlo nn t tel l lll !.! s :tch n ci nsc ns e.
it is no t »1·urt h pa:;i11J any attention to.
\\'hat haY c we h e re ?
arc yDu n o t a ~ ham c tl to b ch[tv c so?
Th e an cie nt form of exorci s m was " - - ! Satan ! "
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FIRST LESSONS IN

you arc a brave boy to dare to tell the truth.
come and help me; I am in trouble.
The hoy cried - - ! till h e was hoarse.
- - ! I have caug ht you.
My dear, kind friend , must I say - - !
cried the cro ,nl when they applauded th
speake r .
" - - ! - - ! I am fr ee,' ' c;xc:laime<l the prisoner.
- - ! saitl :.\ rass aso i t to tli c Englishmen.
! I did nut h ear yun, though I was listening.
" - - ! M ar y. full of grace."
1 to the 0.uee n o±' May!
t he \\·carictl mother reposes ; do not wake her.
the glu rious orb of day has sunk to rest, bathed
in hues of purple and gokl.

LESSON
CA PIT AL

XLVI .

E:N' G LISH COMPOSITION.

123

2. Proper names and Ctles of office ·!honor; as,
General George \V'ash ington, Ohio, Main Street.
the soldiers of general washington loved him as a
fath er.
socrates, plato, aristotlc, and pythagoras are the names
of <listinguish ccl grecian philoso ph ers.
t.h ales of mil etus, solon of at·h c ns, chilo of laceclemon,
pittacns of my'tilcne. b ias of priene, deolrnlus of rh odcs,
and peri<1n clc r of co rinth " ·ere the se Yen \,·ise m en of
Greece.
the first female said, " my name is pleasure."

tence.
tl1ou sha lt not kill.
thou shalt not steal.
many word s darken speech.
idl en ess is t'1 c p:n L' ll t of many vices .
s h o" · mo:>rc._,.. a11ll thou shalt lin<l it.
Le tli at h carkc 11s to r-011nscl is \\'ise.

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3. Acljcetivcs <lerivecl from proper names; as,
Amcri c:i.n, Engli sh, Roman .

11

he ha'l read a great many ge rrnan and french work s.
spens er, shalcspcare, and miltun are the names of the
greatest english po e ts.
ju piter, mars , and nllcan were roman <lei tics.
j noo, vcn ns, an<l diana were grccian g-o<l<lcss es .

.;

L}:TTERS.

Tm: following word s should begin wjth capital
lct1ers : 1. T he fir st w ord of every distinct sen-

'i

4 . Th e appellations of the Deity ; as, God, the
Almighty, t he Most High.
remember thy creator in th e days of thy youth.
th e most hi gh is all -powerfnl.
bl<:ssc rl lord, un to whom all .h earts arc open, gran t us
an answer to our pra~·ers.
god ' ~ power is infinite .
almighty go <l, fath er of all rn c rcie~, we thank thee.
he who hath re<leemod us is t he lord of all.

124

YfliST LESSONS IN

ENGLISIT COMI'l:>SITION.

5. The fisit word of every line of poetry.

8. The pronoun I and the interj ection 0 are

'

"written in capitals.

up to the throne of go d is borne ,
th e Yoice of praise at early morn,
and he accepts the punctual hymn
sung as the light of day grows dim.

if i can, i will send it to you.
h ear, o man! o excellent scipio !
i, whom he injured, i can forgive him.
o, i have lost my best fri end !

but sec - alas ! th e crystal ·bar
of e<lcn moves not - hulier far
than e'en thiR <lrop the boon must be
that upci.> the gales c1J' h 2aven fo r thee !

9. All abbreviations commence wit h a capital
letter, and take a period after them ; as, Ala. is an
abbreviation for Alabama ; St. stands for Saint ,
and Capt. for Capta-in.

6. The firnt word of a d irect quotation, when
t he quotation wonkl forr n a complete sentence by
itself; as, C hri st :;ays, '' My yoke is easy."

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i live in st. Jonis, mo.
th e letter was postm11rkcd springfi cld, ill., but was sent
to springficld, mass.
barnnm's muse um is in the city of new yo rk, the abbrP. viation for whi ch is n. y.
m y letter \Vas d;ttc1l n o v. 5, IS ::i ·L
th e name on the car<l was j ohn jones, m . d.

rcmcmlw r the ancient maxi m, "know thyself."
solomon says. " wisdo m is above rubies."
paal sai <l to timothy, " nsc a little wine for thy stomach's sake. "
daYid, th e s weet s in ger of isracl, says, " the heavens
declare th e g lor y of god , and the firmament showeth his
handy work. "

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he has read milton'f' paradise lost and paradise regained.
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the pilgrims landed on the shore of rnassachusetts december twenty-second, sixteen hundred and twenty.
my bill was dated january se,,oncl, eighteen hundred
and fl.fly-five.
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It has been cusiomary to write dates as follow s - D ec. 101 h, H3:37 ; but this form is now almost univer::;ally g ive n up, especially by busin ess
men . At present t he date of a letter, bill, &c., is
written simply t hus : D ec. 10. 1837, t he periods
denotin g th e abbreviations. Seholars will rem P.rnber that dates should b e written in figure.•·, not in
letters.

7. Every noun a11d principal word in the titles
of Looks; ns, " P ope's E:;s:=ty .o n l\1an."

he consulted johnson'R dictionary of the english language and bosworth's anglo-saxon dictionary.
we prefer butler 's grammar.
our standard is worcester's dictionary.
they have been reading jerusalem delivered.
the young ladies ar~ parsing in thomson's se'\sons.

125

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FIRST L "ESSONS I'N

philadel phiL,
fvrty-three.
castile, august fifth, thirteen hundred and sixty.

The abbreviations Mr. and l\frs. should alwaf~ ' ..
h ave a period aft er them, and be written tltrouglt··· :.
.
'l '
out on lhe line, not as some still do, thus, Mr, Mrs, -,,
,\~ h] c h is no longer the C'.U::;tom. llfiss 11:3 not an ·,
abbrevi at ion, and Ins no stop aJter it.
.mr and mrn brown have called, and so
mrs white, with mis~ black .
mr wi ll iam finl cy, billsboro, mich.
mrs reb<.>cca dean, utica, n. y.

LESSON XL'lll.
l\'Ir sc ELLANEous examples of all the

rules, jn '\vhich t he learner is required
his own periods and capitals.
charles martel defeated the saracens
iceland belongs t? clenma.rk
the ama?.on is the largest river in the world
.
our win ter consists of three months - december, janu- .~
ary, and february'
most of the french peasants belong to the rnman catho-.~,
lie church

how comprehensive is the providence of god !

ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

127

if "a tree is known by its fruit," as our savior said,
what must we think of uncharitable christians?
i banished - i, a roman senator !
the wars of the roses desolated england between the
years fourteen hundred and fifty-five and fourteen hundred
and eighty-five
beware, o treacherous peopl1:1 !
"alison's essays on the principles of taste" is a st~­
dard work
in the latter days the comforter shall come
i have reasoned, i have threatened, i have prayed, and
yet_thou art not moved, o 'thou hard-hearted man
the seas shall waste, the skies in smoke decay,
rocks fall to <lust, and mountains melt away;
but fixed his word, his saving power remains;
thy realm forever lasts, thy O }Vll messiah reigns
lo ! the poor incl'.an, whoRe untutored mind
sees god in clouds, or hears him in the wind
the south generally opposed the bill
the north was not in favor of the law
" kames's elements of criticism " is a valuable work
st paul, minesota, jan 3 l 855
mr and mrs noble 's compliments to miss benton, and
would be happy to see her this evening at 8 o'clock
he is master of the gcrman, french, and italian languages .
bozzaris ! with the storied brave
greece nurtured in her glory's time,
rest thee - there is no prouder grave
even in her own proud clime
capt curious and doct pounc;_i t called

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129

E1' GLISH COMPOSITION .
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It _is sometimes necessary t6 di~td:e a.word'\vheitr ,
there is not room enough to w1:ite it -at'. the :end 6t
a line. In such a case the 'wol'd sh0tild
never
be':·.
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separated iri the middle of a '·sylla~le,, · and'·. a word-;;
of one .syllable must never be' diyided; a.s .... }'f'...' •• ·
·
John and James are C?lTI· · · :.. ~ '
.
here t o-morrow! . ''
,
ing
. f.·. :. ,:,,:
~

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.

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~

I 1- ·.,.IJ. "'"' :··"'
'"\

..,~

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le spoke to me.
.
, .
Grammar is the art of speakillg
wr:
iting a language coir_ectly. ·: •. ' , -~·~ ' ~...
Arithmetic is the · science ol · nunt'0--

it ·occupies. Th e following is the proper form in
· the proper places of beginning and ending a letter, which the learner should be particular to observe in every instance, giving careful attention to
the punctuation: ·

-

GREENFIELD,

March 7, 1855.

MY DEAR MoTU E R;
I have little time to write ; but as I promised to do so
whene~r the cars stopped long enough to allow of my
\...._securing pen, ink, and paper, I improve this opportunity to
say that "All's well " so far. Hoping that I shall reach
Elm Grove in safety to-morrow, I remain
Your affectionate daughter,
ROSA . LEE.

ang

..1~·

• ..

;.

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The preceding is the form for all familiar cor. respondence; but when a superior or a stranger is
addressed, the formula is a little more ceremonious.

i~ ~1i.,.

LITCHFIELD,

April 8, 1844.

RT. REV. AND DEAR SIR:
On receiving the list of your appointments I inserted
them in the Daily Journal; but not having fully understood you as to the length of time during which you wish
. to have them continued, I should be much obliged if you
would drop me a note on the subject.
Respectf~lly yours,
LETTERS. "'. .r
....

,

· 1,.,
<.

•

· As children usually find a letter the ·easiest fonri .
of composition, it is important that they sP,oUiQ. be
taught the proper form of commencing :~nd end•
\ng one, which is never varied as t@ the place w,hic~'.

J. H. JAMES,
New Haven, Connecticut.

M. DAYTON.

RT. REV.

After . a letter has been properly written, it is
.quit.e as important that it should be properly folded

130

F IRST LESSONS IN

EN GLISH COMPvSI TIO N .

131

-

and directed. T he learner should remember that
a person is more frequently judged by the attention g iven · to these matters th an by those of
more real importance. A letter neatly and properly writt en, folded, an<l directed, always conveys
the idea of an intell igen t and well-bred person.
~rhe folhwing diagram s h ~ws where a letter sho:uld
be superscri be<l : -

@ IZ,&.

/u/ui

JrfovuJ,
OZJv"iden

•

)

.!
I

'-- -

- ·- - --

.

-

--

- -- --- - - - --

vVlwn f' ll \'t> lll pl·~ :irf' W'<'d , 1lll! whole sheet may
wri tte n ov er, :1 11d l ll<'11 f'ol (kd to suit t he size of
the c11vdop1-. Let OH ~ wri:cr rcinf'rnber, however,
to lw (:JHl'i'iil 1h;ll. i1. du1:s jit , :1110 t he n not to direct
the lett er 11;Jsiffr down, \\·hic h can be avoided by
look ing :d tilt' haC' k of the t•nye].ope. And here I
will g ive n p it'Cf' o f H(h ie1 ·, which, if followed, may
$ave 111::tll)' a letier from mi scarriage. A post office
clerk, of lun g f'.xpr'. ri c ncc ill his calling, once told
me nez.:r? r to abbr1Tiote th e nrime of the state in the
1)C

superscription of a letter, but to write it out f ull,
in a large hand, and he would guarantee that my
letters w ould no t ofte n miscarry. The reason for
t hi s can be easily seen when w e remember t hat the
abbrc viaiion for Maine is Jlfe ., whilP- that for ~1is­
sonri is Nfo.; a nd where thou-.;ands of letters an~
to be assortcd 1 an d so much bad a nd illegible writin g is to be read, t he one is vt:·ry t>:ts ily take11 for
the othe r. A no1lwr d irl'dio u \\·a~ g ive n me nt the
same t i mf', and tha t wa ;-;, to put the ~tamp on the
n~·ht hand corner of 1li e lct1n, porolld 'l l'itlt t!te
edges, not diagonally. Tliis san·s tlw clerks much
trouble, :rn well :t:'l colll in g unc:kr the old adage,
th at "\vhatcver is wort h doing at all is worth
doin g well."

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