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JlTVEN JLE INSTltUC'fER,
0 It

NATUIL\l, UIL\M.'.\lAR AND HEADER :
( ' O N 'J'AI N I NG
METH ~ lD

A !'lh\V

OP

ANALYT I CAL AND SYN'l'IIETICAL PAil SIN G

ENGLISH LANGO.AGE;
W I I ' ll

I

l\IISCELL AN EO US EXEl'.TPLl Flf:A'I'IONS,
l 1Y l'ROSE AND P OETRY:
ADAl"l'ED

·ro

TllF'. CA P At:TTTF:R 01' J. E .\RNl-:RS,
~!AllE SO~IE l'll'Jf;HIC SS IN

TlAYl~

WH O

SPELLING A ND H,'E:\Dl:'i'G;
JJES ! (111: l:: D

To mcc1cd ihe J11 rmilc anti ol11'r S prllin g,. B ook< . n;i rl, a.<an iJ1iroduclion
to th e .Tnrrn. ile J1lrnior and .10..rposilur.
Th e

lihe r~l

art s ~ml

~c i ~nces

arc :-i ll bea 11tif11l ns the

gr:i r c~.

nnr lirt s gram·

m a r , th e sr. ven:>: mother ol ;tll, ~o fri g htful ii face of h r r ow n ; it i'i tlw· \ iza rcf
8 hr i ~ madP t o !'P"'<!..k-J.Ht-r".!~5, th a t to
them sollnd like conjariug. L et her to lk _i11lclli:; ilJly<?1:'f!iii.'j,~11:il]_~~~~~ lier.'

p11f upo11 he r th nt !=ca re ~ childre n.

-:'-""'"'·~

* -~1"""" 9:'Z...,,;·, .
t .J ~ ·

(.'

nY iL ·p1cKwr, ')·>-f'UESlDF.NTOF-.r#IETT.Af H En s' SO CIETY ;x TnF: C ITY

A~n c O/;"~"r· ·

AUTltOJt O J:" TllE 'J U l" EX JU·: J: XlJO SIT{Hl /

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&c.

NEW-YORK:
PUBLISHED BY DANIEL 'D . S;\HTH,
AT TUE FRANKLIN JUVENILE IlOOJC-S'fORE,
WICJl-STRET •

.l'riokd by S•m nel Marl:! .

lfll !l.

192 GRE:Kf'i"-

Al\lEIUC.AN SCHOOL CLASS BOORS,
USED IN AID 011 TH E NEW

SYS TF.~t

, .~ OYEltTISEi\mNT.

01: TV:Anll r•r .

l'ROGR ESSIVF ,

:·I i~.•'-. ,' i ('

The Juvenile, or U niver~al Primer,
The Parent's Manuel, or Child's Fricntl,
---Introductory to the Juvenile Rpcllin g Book ,

'1·

'. f(..\
) f' Ir.·

No. 1. The Juvenile SpPlling-Rnok,
--Introductory to the .Juvenile In ~ tl'llct e r.
No . 2 . The .Juvenil e lnstrncter, or N a tural Grammar an1l R ea1l er.
-Introductory to the .Ju venile i\lentor.
·
No. 3. The Juve nil e J\I entor, or Selec t R eailin gs,
--lfttroductory to the .Juvenile Ex positor,
I~

No . !. Tbe .Juve'n ile Ex po ~ itor,
- -Sequel to the whole, and lntro.Juctory t o.
No. 5.

Walker's Dictionary, large and small .

l'HEFACE.

ting Books, &c.
i

d

i:

District Qf Nm" l'o1'1c, .1~.
BE tT REMF.>t B'" EO, that on the twelfth <hy ofSeptemhn, in the f<>r ty1.hin\ ye~r of the Independence o f the Unit Pd State> of America, ALBERT
PICKET, of the said district, hath depo>it ed in thi ' olnce th r. title of a Book, th e

right whrreof he claim~ as author and propiPto r, in the

w o re! ~

follo win g, to ;v it:

School Cla'" Book, No. 2. The JUVC N ILEI INST RUCTER, or J\'utnral
Gra'!'mar and R•ader: contai ning a new method of Malytical and •ynlhet ica l

i.

!'
I·

,,

cn g~ ~ d in th e instnt c lion of yo t!th . The e ditor hns c n<lc n:vourcd to fill th e
p:\gcs wit.11 such matter, ~ntl :u1 opt such nrran gc1ncnts in his plnn, ~s h e bf" l icvcd would fo•ilitntc the p1·ogre!=is of clc mc ntar)' lc~r11ing, :lnfl rcli rve th e
ten.ch e r from th e lalrna r o f prnpds in g tln.ily lesson~ for th e C'xr-rcisc of hi!=! ]l llpi1s.-It will be SC'Cn tl1at th i;;J •vork is tlcsip:ne d for tl1 c i.ntcrrn c11iall' g r:Hlc~ of
ienrnc rs; such ns h~wc 11cen throng;h n Spcl1i11 p;-TI001-: , Uut not snffidc ntl }' ruly~nced to enter upon o th e r hook s tno dinic ult for th e ir pro~rf'SS . 'l'hC' s~· ~t~ m
of instru ction c'rn brnr.e <l is racli cal; and des ig- nc d to nitl in th e n ew nn<l
popular s,-stc m of tenching, which is b ecoming sa ge n crn. l in on r own countt·y,
and which is cfllcnJntccl to b ene fit mankind collecti vely, rnorc than ~my other

system e ver yircs~ nt.c. tl to the pul:lic.

AI,SO, The .Juvenile lllirro r, Geogra phical Grammar, Practical Wri -

'.!

A m ;n srn cditiv11 of tltis work is \>resented to tlt c pu11ir.. 'th e im1>1·o ~r­
lnents in it, ri.re su ch ns to in rht ce n hope th nt it will Le nccCJllibJe to per~ons

parsing of the EngJish La ng11a~e . \Vith misc.t>llaneons exempliric:l1 ionis, in prose
nm! poetry: adapted to th e capacities of l earner~ . wh o have made some progreS3 in spelling and read i11g; d ~s igned to succeed the Juv enile, and oth er Spelling. Books. nntf as an introducti()n to the Jn\•enile Mentor a. ml Expn!<itor. 'The
liberal arts and sciences ;,.re all beaotifnl a s the grac e~, n or lrns 1?;ram11rn r, the
severe m oth e r of all, so fri ghtful a fa ce or he r owri; it i ~ th e vi ?.a.rd put upon
~c1 tlrn~ s~ares childrP.11. She is mad e to spcaU httrd '~o r c..l s , that to them souncl
l']'e co~tu mg. Let her talk inte lli ~ih l y, and t\Jcy will li st en to her. ' By A .

1 ICKJ!- T, Aullt~ r of the ' Ju "cuilc Expo,itor.' &c.
In conformity to the Act of the Con~reS> of t he IJnilPd State•, entitled," An

act ror the f'ncouragement of leRrning , IJy !'('Cllring th e copieR or I.\1ap~. C har~s ,
and ~ooks to the authors and proprie tors or such co pies , duriu~ th e tim e the re 111
me1;tto11ed ." And also to an Act 1 entitle d a n '' Act, supplementary to :in Act.
entitled an act for the encourHge 01ent of Learnin~. hy se~uring th~ cop ie~ of
M ap.s, Charts,. and B!lok~ to the authors and propnelor!i> ot sllch cop ies. <luring

t!1e times therem men honed, a nd extend in« the benefit• thereof lo the arts of des1~11iog, engraving, and etching historic:J 1 ~nd other prints."
JAM ES DILL,
Cleric of lite Southern Di.itricl of lYav 1'01*.

several men of eminence have turnctl their r.tt~ u tcon to the improvement of our native lnngunge, and hnve furnished our Schools with Gmmtnnrs, Spelling-Books, nnd eollcctioM from the bestnuthm·,, to improve r <'ncling and taste ; yet they seem to hnve p nicl more attention to the "1;strnrt phi.
losophy of tl1e subject, thnn to its immediate utility, and the arlnptntion of it
to the u nderstnnding of yonth . According to their system, it ic. ::~:::::~.:·:;
that the \Htpil uml erst:mcl, completely, the meaning of the language, and the
forc e of w01·ds, before he commences tl1c study of Grnmmnr. And yet, ia
fabricatin g this system, they h ave made no provision for the pupil's coming
ALTHOUGH

to this previously nccessnry kn owl e tl gc, hut

l e ft

it tonntnre, ornccidc nt ..

r emarke d hy the t each e r, in th e tim e of teachin g. lli s reaso11 for <loing tlii s
is, tlrnt chi1d1·c n, wh e n by tli c m sch es, lnhour inm·c to have th e w 0 r,l s im .
1>rinte<T on th eir memories, tl1:l.n to li nve th e meaning fix e cl in th c h· rnin<b;.
but, on the cfJn tr:wy, whe n th e tr·ach er nddresscs th c nt i.•ir•a ·voce, they m1tu ...
rnll y strive rath er lo compreh e nd his 1nenn ing, than to I"<'n1e1nhcr h is e:xnct
ex pressions. Iu pll!·sunn cc of this itlca, this work lin s bee n composed, cm ..
Lrncing t.ltc cl c 1nc 11t ~i of thl' Eng-Hsh l angtrn gc, nnd cx1n·c~sc i.l in fl~ fr rr ,,.0 ,.,1£.

ll~ the ualm'i: of the s~• l c!•;,·t \l'o•.11"1 9.rlm it

.L

;ye

or both. No means h:w c been devised fot· the attainme nt of this most nee.es"
enry branch of instJ'llction, <'XC<'pt th e colnrnns of n D irtionn>'y; aml thcsr.
too often fail, nnrl th e p upil continues almost as ig-n ornnt ns if he had 11cvcr
nttemplcd\it.
An ntt<'mpt hns hcen mnclc lo oh,inte this grent difficulty, mul to fill up th e
hiatus be tween th e Spelling-Rook and th e c.oll cc ti ons, Ly publishing tiiii:l1and book . Hut in the e x ecution of his pl:m, th e an th o l' h:ls left n1 u~h to be

.

1

E n· ry nn r who Im ~ li rul nny prnct i('r in kn r l1 iu.~, wtill JTnd ih :t1Jc1 ,r~ th :1! I ~ ·
S<' rll re iin prnn' mc11 t, t h c p 1qdl". :-1 tt<-11 tion mu st Ii<' k e p l nli n-- Ii-~- : dTnnlini~ 1·rc·
r~- ~tOjW for Hi e
t " . ('l' 11 llie

('X('rci se

or h ie.; j 11g-r nu i t~-,

i11

{lis<•1·i111 i11!l.ti1 1g H<'{'llf'atc lr .

11(' '

JUVENILE INSTlUJCTEH.

diffl~ rr·ntsnlj <·c ts d isc n~rc; cd, nnd in nppl _d nR the r1;lr:~ nn <l d Pfi ;1itin 11 i::.

h ;d dow n. H e mw;t he h11g-l1 t to trn1 ~ id<•r tli c rutrs a s :1ppli cnbk nnt m i·1·ph·
t~ t!t c _pn rtiru la r c-:-1sc cl1ns<·1 1 fiw il111 ,:t1·~1 1io11. but to n •g-:11·d th e m ~~s n dt·sc ri 1; ..
tio:i of H clas.~ c:f ,·:o!'ds :H •d pl11·:tc.;l'-,; Ji,. 1an·;t li e in :. 1rm: led to 1·1 ·cog t1i z 1· , i1 t

--·"···"•·•'"'········''"----

C'Yr 1:_\· llf'W c xa_ mpk· t Jrnt n1ny n :::r nv, llH· proi·ri c ly o f 1.!i e rl 1·l: u itio n ~i,· t · t i, nml
lllf' J trn lnPss cf tlw 1·til c p1·.,!S crihc d.

A s th e h 1 ~ 1.n !'ln 111 ind is 1..•;1 p:1b l ~ of inri nitC' iinp1'0H' ll1f'llt, 11, f' flJ (lr n pkn r. in ~
th e m0d
c •Jl 111 stn1 ct hn ' ·:ind ti1<' g 1·c...,t
~ .
·.
I · ·
·.
. .• t ,·:-i 1·1('f_r l 1:i t 1-;; 111tl'od1:l'e d , !11e m on·

!lp t.w dl tliP yo~l!lf; Jn ind !irto gr:i. <: pn f it. C1 ·~1 1Hina r· l1 ns!'l l n!'l, :, li cr n con~id e1·Pd ns a bhnri c1us :in d rln- bd- . . •t J . f k"
·
·
"'
•
·
. '"'' ' ) ~ ., '·' .a .- 111 g· 1t up m n n:1ti1rfl l rm <l i< irnpk
m ,u1 11 ,· r , and 1rr :i.d11 :illv d cY I .
·1
rm .
' '"' " . _
--.
~ r--.
•
~
c o p111 ~ r s • 11 l<' 1tl l1t·s nncl iutr·i r':l<' if·s , it may ac:;
t ..., 11_¥ he I( :irn c•l an d 1md c r stood hy a child of l fff' h-C', :lo;; hy onf' of s i'if.('<·n
y ~ n 1 ·s ofnO"<'.
\ l' l.,.11 ~cl ·111 · 1· I
·
· ·
. .
., •
,,
•
11
is ,lll G i t t o co n ne c t ul e:1s w 11h words, nnd tli r
'.l1,l r r C' nt p:-:rt11 <if ~prt'ch ""ith e:i.cli otl1 <•.1·, ,· ,, n 11 nt111 ·a l m:n rn r r , it

:unu se d, th e t:1 •k is r r !'ldi ly pc1-rn1 ·m t·d. nn <l in ~ f?·u t>t. ion irnp<Tl'c pt i.
t he m incl . Th e Aut11 or, s r n"'>iblc of tl1i R, l rn~, in th e foll o w~
~ng prt~<'s, :irrnnge d nn<l comh inc d im cli 'rord s :ind 6C'nf c ,1cf'~. ~g nl' e " ·ithi n
th e clul<!·s
comprc·hc11s·o
.
· 1 n, con 11 c r 1·mg I1w p::lrts of sp erch , gr:Hln :1ll y, frm n
1

•'I

~Jy conn~ycd to

EN GL I Sll G ItAI\DI AH.
. This PpitomR ic;: d c~ i g;nf'll for thP intermedi ;i te grad~ nr l ~J. r n_rr:-, L.-·ti:fr n t\!c
:) pd\i ng; hni)k <1 11<l la 1gP Grnrn mar. In evr-ry !'C'h tw l th Prf' 1s a df'fi n €' 1i:.\· 111
tJjp pnt~!Tf' :-;- i \· ~ f?nOk '; ~ nl O~f' frn1':' t h ~ rllild 1 ~ fi r~t r!iook_, f (l a \" ~)_l:1rn.11 ~ n11::
~ram ma I' o r <l1ct1 n1rn rr' IS ton g:rr.at. lor. h I ~ rrog1;t:5s.; a i':lpr_l l111 g;. Book I ~ ,i]1 (>,1dy
t oo fani ili?.r, a nd tllf• ot hrr lwo ks t oo d1fTic 11ll.
I !11 s ce rtarnl y 1r t;1 r<l :i 1mp 1m·e~
mc nt. Dr.inJ?; thll!:' imrrP(;:'er1, th r rditnr prc.~ f' nl ~ thi s little wnr k to t f~r)1rr s ' .
hoi1in g it will he: f(;11 11d useful, an~ !'ll(1ply st.:hools with a ::i1a nua l, wlJJ c· h tl1t ·
bu ~i ne ~s o f tr.'1ch111~ g1:c1w -1 1o 1Tq1n rc.

E l' GLl~H GnAMM ,\U is th e art o f speaking rt nll w riting th e
F.n!!:li:d1 lan~11ag e wilh prop r ie ty .- 11 is divi der! i11to fn11r par!,,
Tiz·.
I. O~T1; 0GflA l' llY, 2. ETYMOLOGY. 3. SY N TA :'>, a n <l
4. p ll0 8 UD Y.

·th e nr t.1 ctP nnrl no1m up to compkx :rntl compo11 ml !'il'll lC'll<'Ps.
Poc t1-y 11 :\s rn3ny :Hlnmtn grs fo1· r _h i l<lrC' n . Th e n'l: :1~i c of 1·hy m r i'l felt rit
!.lil cn rl~- ngc. T l1c no"· of m1 mb cr s imp1·c.-;!'ic8 its 1~ 1f on Lhc m r mutT nntl j-:i

TI)· th e a id of n ·rsc :1 sto r e of hr n11lif11 l irn !1~~ry nn tl
~l owang sc nf"im c nt m:' y be t1·casn r erl up, ris th e nrn11 sl·me11t ,,r childh ood .
wliich , in ri pe r yenrs, m:-iy strcng tit c n fr elin gs o fp ict,,-, l nrn1~mit.y :n1d Yirtn c.
' J'h e pil~ crs in p ort 1~y :1 n· abo int r111]r d lo h e !>p ell r d i !l 1l1 c s:ime 11 in 11n c i· n ~
ctil11mn s of wonls or p l 1l'::l ~ es. 'J'o ~ p e ll \ron h in n f:uni li nr !-l1·11lf'11 re 01· pl11 ·:1 c;r ·~
;s mnrh n101·c npt lo n1t?·:ict n thitd' ~ :i.tle11 tion tli nn ah~tr:lct wo rds, :Hit! is a t ,
tend e d \,·ith j-Ji c do n hi e n1h- nn t~1~{' or Ji e ing; l1111lel'StOOiJ, :1llil IJ<' ill ~ l1_~1'('P l1 bk .
Th e d e fin ition s n11'1 nil cs of En gli ~ h Gl ·:irnm~n ·, lrn Yc bve 11 sim-pl ifi c1l r,c::
tnu ch :-is the na t ure of the s t il~j er. t '\ ould ndm il, :1n d exnm j• lc s iliu :;trati,·c nm

wjtlt _<li fficull-y Cr:lscd .

.e xpl:l.11atory of <'nch rule nntl 1h·ftni l io11 cnrc fn ll r S(·J cctrd.

' l'h c })icces, h otl 1in prose an 1l ,- cr5~.. , h !WC hrt' n SC'k ctc d ·,v it.11 l' rrttl inr cn1·r 11
·in_ ordc.."'l' that th C'y m:iy scn ·e, Hot onl y ns c s er cisc-s in n :ntl lng, nn d pm·s i11g,.
hut t hat they niny irnpr ess up o11 t.h e tc 1ukrmi11d, ntOl'fll nnd r e lig ious se n ti m e n t~ .
.A s tli\s book is in tc11de d to sn cceC'd tl 1c .Jn•;r.11il l' S p elli n~- H ook, llm~ c w 11 0
]Hll'SllC thn t systc1n will fi111l tliis n gr eat i1 nprovem c nt in d i111inisltin g th e If\ ..

ho11r o~ l.hc 1 ' r :u;;ll"

1 ·:

:UHi

iu fol' iliL'ltin g th r progl'css of lh c Sd1nl:u·.

ORT HOG fl.A.PHY.
Orthography is th e -art of combining lette rs into sy ll ab les,
anrl syllabl es into words.
LETT ERS .

A lelter is th e least part of a 1rnr11.
An articulate rn11ncl is a so un d 11tlerecl by the l11un :rn voice ,
sons to be <lisliDc tl) 11nrkrstoo d.
'J'h crr. are tw enty si x li· lte rs in the English Alphabet. vi z.
a, b, c, rl,r., f.~ . h . i, j . k, 1.111. 11, o , p, 'l · r . s, t , 11 , v, w, x , y 7••
Lf'\tf'rs arc <livirl cd into vowe ls, co11 so nanls , se rni\·owcls.
·
anrl <liphth o11!(s
The vowPls arc. a, e, i, o, u, w, y,"~ anrl have a full and perfert so11ncl (Ir th <j r own .t

*

1'' a nr11J , are Ctl!l'fma nl s 'f!ien thf'_r lir gin a wore! or ~yllah l P.; h.ot in every

~iti rnti o n they ~ re \·o wrls .
vowf'I is :-i sim olr::, :u ti cnl:-i.!r ~ou nd , prrfN"".t i 11 it sirlr. ;.111d fr•nnPcl hy :1'.
f"On\i1111ed f' fli1 ~i o n of fhr- hrl'ath , :111cl re r r rt :li n c·onf(lrm a li nn o' th e 111 011th t
wi thnnt nny a Jt ,, ,·:di nn i11 lhf' 1w,..: ili o11 or orgm1s of ~pecc:lt, frorn the moment

oth r r

+• :\

t he rocal sou11 tl co1111nenccf, till it end< '

A?.

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:1 1
:' 1

lj I

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,! ,.

.,

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'

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Consomrnts are divid r d into mnte~ and sPm i vowels.
The mut es cannot he so1111d cd at (lll, without th e aid ofa Yowcl. Tlicr :ir ~
h, p, t, d, k, and c aud g hard.
'l:he rnmhrowcls arc f, J, 111, n, r, v, s, z , x, am] c and g soft. They [1;-n·r.
·::i n imperfec t sound of th emfe lves .
F~ur of .tt_ie Ee n! ivowels, na1DF~ ly, l, m, n, r, nre :1!~0 r·. ll('cl liquid~ . fr0m their
r ead1ly umtmg with other con~o nant s , a nd flowing as it were, in Lo ll:e ir f'Ot ltlds .

DJPJITIJUNGS.

·A diphthong is the uuion of two vowels, making one sound ;
as, ea ia beat; oi io voice.
There are ,two kinds of diphthong~, proper anrl improper .
A proper diphthong is that, in which both of tlu~ vowels are
i1ounded ; as, ou in pound; oi in choice.
An improper diphthong has but one of the vowels so uud ed ;
as oa, in boat ; ea in reason.

ETYlY!OLOGY.
Etymology is th e $econrl part o~ Gramm~~· iin_cl treats of tl~ c
<lillen•nl sorts of words, th eir ,·anous mod1ftcat1011s am\ th eir
<lerirntion .

TR I PllTl!ONGS.

A tripl1thong is the union of three vowels, forming one sound ;
. as, eaut in beauty ; iov in view.
··
SYJ,LABL~:s.

A syllable is a sound, eith er simple or componmlerl, pronounced »!JY a single impulse of the voic e, al1ll 111aki11g a wore!.,
or part of·awotd; as, a, a11, ant.
SPt;J,J,ING .

Spelling is the art of rightly divitlin1.r words into th eir syllaLl.:s; or of expressing a word hy its proper letters.

Ohs. won! ~ admit. of formation in thr<~ f' di"<ft-.rrnt" w:1ys. ,·iz. 1. by 1l C'ri,·~! i nn.,.
2. hy cu111pn$iti: 111, :thy inO Pc.:t iirn .- 1. D1·riv ;1tio n it1(' rc · ~ :·e~ tlH' !"Chnhr's c:fock
of w"nnls in thP.. rn o~l naturn l ao 1\ "in 1p l(! n1an.1cr. It llll~> ! d ~ to him 1111~ mrfha11i ..: 111 of 1hf" h:111gm1ge. Hy i i . hr- PPM the s imp licity of forming dPriv<1livt'~ from
p; · i1.1_1ith:e~; a~ . • 11.":11 1 m;u!/.y . 1fft1Vl!f: 111. uifnl~.1.J: . maq/~ l!1~ss. n111!1 '1·'.!(1tl, ,\·c.
Cl\"11, C'H 1lly. C'Jr1ltzP. c1v 1h:;n, c1 ·: 1l1 :afrnn <.: Jvilwn. CJ \·11tf.y unc11 1,nr.d, f.:c .
2. hy Compo ~ i1inn; two di sti11 c t wnrd11. :tr(' i- 11 1111il1·d :1s t u form n u e; f/11~ fnrn1 r r
of wl1ir.h c:<plai11 !t tl1c lat ter: a s. rfo.11 light. th e evening slm\ ~-c. :J . By lnf! Pc1

I

ti nn, WOid ~ P:<prcf~ the C'OIUIHOll T' f'! ,1\ i l lll !' Of ti111t~ phct', lllltllhf'I", profr·<:: ~ jon , &c .
fr n ni th" n<ltlition or cha11i;1· ni :-: i11 ~ l e lrttrr~ . s ,· JL1hlr~ or trrn1iw1 1 in11 .i::, :i~,
n•rite, 11i rot~. wrirten-1t'ritt . n'r ' t t~ r nTit.ing .S;c. progres., , prngre H iil~Z· 71rogres.~(.d . 71rngn:ssor . progj~s irc . p rn~ rl'.'i.~ion . &.c. Thi~ 111ay prnp Pdy In• t1· r111 c<l
1!t•rivatio11. -F1nm ;t \ ie w of! l ws1 ~ 1l11t'E'111.-.. tlio<l ~, t!te i;rr.:lt utility of th r. m 11111st
be too eddenl to nf'rd a ny f;1rliH·r p!11cidation . 1l 111 :1y hP. oh~ Prved, h n\·:rvcr,
that ;1 knowl rdge ofthi :: priliri1ilr. wiJI prepare th e }co rn e r fur !hat i11 fnn 11a li nn

in the study of lhe Er1~H ~ h L:1 11 g-1 1 ;i~e. the prnve r of word s. which ha ~ hith e rto
bct•n tota lly UPgl ~ctf'c l in En g l i ~ li ~C'h c)O\~ 1ho111rh o f greater importan ce than
any other part of gnurnuar. (Sec /ables of ~l r rivn! ion)

'!'here nre 11iue sorts of word s or

WOllD S .t

Worrls are articulate sounds, used by common consent, as
dgns of our ideas.
A w.o rd of one syllable is called a monosyllabic; iis, pen,
quill, ink; a word of two syllables, a dissyllahlt; as , sen!.mcc;

::!.

a wonl of three SJllablcs, a lri syllah lc; as, pnrcrl,y ; a word
of 111.llly syllables, a polysyll abl e; as, reco11cili11lin11.
Words are divided into primitive and dcriYatin·.
A pri111itive word is that \rhich cannot lw rcdn~ctl to any
~impler word in th e samr la11gna~ e ; as, cl11lrl, p;old, k111g, 111rrrn.
A t1crivative won! is that. which tak es it s origin from a11ulhH
'rord cal led its primitiv e, root, or radical; '1$,
from
gold,
k i11g,
lll <'a ll.
comes
golden, ki11:rly, '~
meanly.;-

Coasonants'f. cannot b e distinctly so1111clccl irii.l1out tl1 e lwl1 •
of a '' owel t•itl1er before or after them; as, be, ce , dr:, c f, ch,
&c. 'l'hry are, b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, I, m, 11 , p, q, r, s., t, v, x, 7. .

I

I
.!I .
:;u
·11

AillEHICAN S CHOOL CLASS·IlOO t,, 1\0.

JUVE N lLl: INSTUCTJ<:n.

2. No u N. 3.

p~rts

of sper d1: viz.

4. P1toxu1 1N, b. V 1mu.

1.

A1tT1 c 1,K,

6.

AnvERll, 7. P1t..:rusn10N, 8. UoNJ UN t:TioN, 9 . IN'l't:lt"

J\DJE CTIYt;,

Jt:CTlON.
ARTJCJ,E.

1. An nrlicle is a wortl set brfore nouns to limit th eir sig-.
1

•
A con so n:rnt i.s a sim ple , (trticubte ~011ncl , imperfect by iti-elf, bul whi ch
j oinNl with n vowe l, form~ a compl c 'r. st1 und, b}1 a p:trli c11l ar moti on or contact
oflhe organs of speec h -·r'hese we deem more exact and philo>aph ica l defini tions of n VOIVPI a.u.I consnn ;rnt. •
Rut thi• is merdy nr ll,;>grap hi ca l, for three vowels ha ve but the sound ofa
<liphUt0nJt; a~, hr.au. P.ye, quaint. &c.
. I, 0 1 • u, an." ~o!netime~ di \ iJr.d; as 1 hjllious; and sometimes they coalesce; ris,
rn prPctu11s, grac10m:, &c
t Letters mokc syll" hlos, sy lhhles make words, words make sentences, and

+

ireqtenccs compos~ an essay , orntiou or speech.

nificatiou; as, a tree, an ornn!!e, the octan.

• A compound '~ ord i s mad e np of two or more wort.ls; a~ ~lln · flowrr, rnse·

bud

mnlherry- lre~ .

t Tlwre

/Yr .

nrC' many Englif'h word!! whi(·h. 11io11gh cnmpnnmls in other Lrn~tHti;es,
ns J!riu1iti v e ~ th11:-":. c0n c~n·e 1 t·irr 11111-,1 ·111 c i · cin: 11111n~nl, &r. arc primiti"e
word• In Euglish, but they will be found derivatives, wheu traced in tile Lalin
•~lo

ton&ue.

