- ~

'\

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..... .

OBJECT LESSONS.
"·

THINGS TAUGHT:
SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTION

COMPOSITION AND OBJECT LESSONS.
IlY ·

Dn. M. E. LILIENTHAL

,,

AND

ROBERT ALLYN, M.A.

.

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PREPARED IlY ORDER OF

iji;!Je llrintimnrti ~uhlic ~c!Jcrcrl ~mull.

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PUBLISHERS:
CINCINNA'rI-W. B. S MITH & CO.,
No . 137 'VAr.xu-r Srn >:ET.
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TO TEACHEirn.

tcntive reading, to answer any question the pupil may ask
about the subject before him. Ho should endeavor to perfect himself in oatechising,-the principal art of an efficient
teacher,-and practice will soon impart skill; and the instruction in Object Lessons will become the most agreeable divortiscmont of the teacher in the school-room.
·
\

At tho close of Parts I and II, have been added exercises in
letter-writing, and the vurious kinds of business papers. As
most pupils leuvo school after huving passed eith er the District or Intermediuto schools, our .__text-books und course of " ·
tnstruction should be adapted to preparing them for th e various r equ isitions of life to "·hich every one has to a tte nd,
no matter what may be his particular avocation. ·we have
to provide for the children of those whose oircumstuncos do
not allow th em to attend our High Schools and Commercial
Colleges, as ample a store of instruction, as means and time
will allow.
Letter-writing and the various business papers form an
integral part of instruction in composition.

I

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It is confidently hoped that this little book will successfully
meet a want long felt, and, if properly employed, introd uce
a wh olesome reform in the course of instruction in our
schools.

r
CONTENTS.
I
)

DEVELOPMEN1' OF IDEAS DY 0DSERVATION:

l'AGR

Names of Things............ .......... .... ...... .. ... ..... ......
Materials of 'Things. ..... .... .... .. .... ..... .... .... ....... .. ...
Colors of 'I'hings... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . .. .
Num1Ju rs of 'l'hin .r::s ............. .... ...... . .... .... .. .. .... .. ...
Qualities of Things............. . .... ...... .. .. ... .... .. .. .... . ..
Action of Things ... ...... .......................... ... ... .. ....
l\1anner of Actions ... ... ... ..... ... ..... ... ... .. ... ..... ... .....
'l'ime of Actions.. ... ........... .... ........... ............. ... ...
DEVELOP~IENT

7
9
9
10
11
11
12
13

oF IDEAS DY Ons E1t1;ATION AND REFLECTION:

Classification of Things ........ .. ......... ....... .. ........ .. ..
Parts of Things... ..... ... ..... .... .... ....................... .. ..
Materials of which Things nm made ......................
Qualities of 'l.'hings .... ... ....... .... .. .... .. ... ............. ....
Actio n of Things ...... ...... .................. ... .......... .. .. .
Uses of 'l'hings ........ ...................... .... .................
Direction of 'l' hi ngs .... ... ............ .... ..... ..... ............
Forms of Things ................... ..... ... .. .... .. ....... ..... ..
Comparison of Things ....... .... ..... ............. ... ...........
Means und Ends....... ..... .... .. .... .... ... .. ..................
Motives and Consequences ........ ..... ... ....... .............
Cause und Effect.. .... ....... .. .... ....... ..... ...... ............

14
15
lG
lG
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
2G

STomEs TO DE wmTTEN Fll.O)I MEi 1o nY , AND
Tn.A NSFomrATION oF POETRY I NTO PROSE:

Stories to be written from l\.femory ..... ............ ..... ... 28
Transformati on of Poetry into Prose .. .. ....... ... ... ...... 37
STORIES TO DE MADE Fil.OM Er.E\!l>:S-TS, AND LETTERS:

First Section : Stories .... .. . .. ..... . ................... ..... ... 5;')
Second Sec tion: Stories ........................................ GO
'l.'hird Section : L ett ers ....... ..... ........ ................... G5

U;l

CONTENTS.

6

BoDIES:
.
nu
0 f the An11nnl Kin gdom .. ....... ......... .. ... .. ..... . ... .... . 74

DESCRIPTI0:-1 OF X .nTRAL

'·

~~indrup eds .. ..... ... ..... ...... ...... ... ................ .. ........

74

THINGS TAUGHT,

~ ~ · · · :· · · · · · · · · ..· .·..·.·..·...·.·..·...·...·...·..·..·.:.·..·.·..•..l

OR

Of the V cgetnb le Kin gdom ... .... .. .... ... ....... ..... .... .... 78
i~:~.:~:~. .. . .. . .................

OBJECT

78

··········· · · ···· · · ·· ··· ························ · ···· ···· ··· · 78
79
79
80
80

Grnsscs...... .... ..... ....... ... ... .............. ... ..... ..
Of the Minernl Kin gdom .... ...... ..... .. .. ...... : .. ::::·····
Natural Phenomena
Of Artificial Bodies ·~~·d· ;i;1: ~d~~· · .. .. ................. .... ..
THE)!ES FOR CO)JPOS!TI0:-1
• ·· . . . ....... . . .. ........ . ... .
BUSI NESS PAPERS :
• . • . •••..••• . .••••... . .. .. . • . . • . • • •• ••••.. • . ..

Bills of Purchnsc
~ecei~its ...... .. .... :: :: : :: ::: :::: :: : :: ::: ::: :: : :: :::: :: : ::: ::: :: : ::
r~m1sso ry Notes .. ..... .. ... ... :...... ...... .. .. ..... ... .. ..... .
D:n~;ss ........ ... .......... .......... ............. .... ........ ..... . .

0

ADVERTI S E);~~;~;

. ••.• • •.•.. • •• .... . • . •.• ••• •. •.• '.'. • •.. .. . ••. •• •.•.••.••

CHAPTER I.
DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS DY onSERVATION.

llE~IAil.KS TO TEACIIEil.S. - 1. L et each question be
given to several pupil s. Encourage them to nam e all
the things in the pl ace specified, so that. the subject mny

83
85

86

be exhausted .
2. L et every answer be give n in th e fo rm of a full
and correct sentence .
3. Do not give too many topics at one lesson, but remember that each Article in the First Chapter may last

87

88
89

Lost and Found ··· ······ ·· ·· ····· ·· ··· · · · ·· ········ ···· · ·· ······· 90
··················· ······················· ····················· 91
~::~~~a·········· · ··· ··· ····· ·· · · · ··· ·· ······· · · ········ ··· · · ·· · · ·· · 92
For Sal~· · ····· · ·· ·· · ····· · · ··· · ·· · ·· · · ···· · ···· .. ······· · ········· 93
Died
· · · ·· ····· ···· ··· ··· ··· ····· ·· ·· ······ ·· ·· ··· ···· ······ ···· · 94
l\1I SC E!.L.\;~~;~·~: . ....... •• ......... •.. .. ••.. •................ . .. .. ... . •. • 94
Stolen

Tnvitntio ns ···· ···· ········· ··· ·· ······· ··· ······ ·· ··········· ·· ···· 95
Certificates
... .... . ....... . ... . ..... .... .... .. .......... ........ . . . 96

LESSONS .

several week s.

•'

ARTICLE I.
NAMES OF THINGS .

A
Give the names of several things in the
SCHOOL -ROOM,

CHURCH,

SKY,

SITTING -ROOM ,

GARDEN,

EARTH,

STEAMBOAT,

GRANARY,

PARLOR,
(7)

..
8

,,

STORE,

CITY,

RAILROAD CAR,

HOUSE,

FIELD,

TAILOR'S SHoP,

PANTRY,

RIVER,

BAKER'S SnoP,

CELLAR,

\VooDs,

PRINTING OFFICE,

STABLE,

STREET,

CARPENTEit's SuoP,

KITCHEN,

VILLAGE,

SnoEMAKER's SnoP.

B
1. Give the name of things that have life.

2. Gi\'O tho namo of things withortt life.

ARTICLE II.
MATEP.IAL S OF TIII:1\GS.

Name six things, each made of
IRON,

vVooL,

TIN,

vVooD,

LEAD,

SILK,

COTTON,

STRAW,

STONE,

PAPER,

FLOUR,

GOLD,

SrLY.t:H,

LL\nn:n ,

ExAMl'LE.-Of stone arc maJc brid ges, sidewalks,
pavements, and various kinds of houses.

c

:.

9

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

OBJECT LESSONS,

1. Give the name of things made by men.
Name several made by the
BAKER,

COBBLER,

MILLINER,

TAILOR,

AUTHOR,

CARPENTER,

MILLER,

PAINTER,

GUNSMITH,

TINNER,

SCULPTOR,

GOLDSMITH,

HATTER,

DRUGGIST,

CONFECTIONER,

PRINTER,

BLACKSMITH,

vVHEELWRIGHT.

Name five raised by the
FARMER,

GARDENER,

COLORS OF THINGS.

1. Name several things which are
\VIIITE,

BLACK,

RED, ·

GREEN,

BLUE,

YELLOW,

BROWN,

GRAY,

PURPLE.

.2. Name the different colors found among
FLORIST.

2. Give the names of ten things not made by
men.
ExAMPLEs.-By the Tailor are made coats, vests,
pantaloo ns, jackets, cloak s, etc.
By the Florist arc rai sed roses, pinks, lili es, geranium s, dahlias, etc.
0

ARTICLE III.

Prns,

DoGs,

BIRDS,

OXEN,

SHEEP,

CATS,

HORSES,

HOUSES,

MEN.

REMARK TO TEACHERS. - This lesson may be extended to the clothing of the boys and girls, fruits,
flowers, etc. Objects of various colors may also be
shown, nnd inquiry mnde of what co lors they nre.

10

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OBJECT LESSONS,

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

ARTICLE IV .

ARTICLE V.

NUMBERS OF THINGS.

. QUALITIES OF 'fH IN GS .

How many days are in one week:?
'\Vhat are th eir names?
How many weeks are in on e Year?
Hmv many days are in one yc':'lr?
How many hours are in one day?
How many minutes are in one hour?
How many seconds are in one minute?
\Vhi ch months have 30 clays?
Whi ch months have 31 days?
"Whi ch month has less than 30 days?
How many seasons are in one year?
How many months has each season?
'\Vhich months in Spring?
Which months in Summer?
Which months in Autumn?
. Which month s in \ Vinter?
How many fi g ures are on the clock?
How many liands on the dial of a clock?
How many cents in a dollar?
How many cents in a half-dollar?
How many ce nts in a quarter of a doll ar?
How many cents in a dime?
How many dollars in the eagle, half eagle,
quarter e.aglc?
R E ~IAilK TO TEACIIERs.-Show the clock the money
'
'
etc., ancl make cxpb nati ons.

11

Name several things that are
Low,
Hrnn,
HEAVY,
LIGIIT,
THICK,

Turn,
SOUR,
SWEET,
S~1ALL,

LARGE,

\VIDE,
DEEP,
Lo::rn,
SHORT,
NARROW.

REMARK TO TEACIIERS.-Take various objects, and ask
for their qualities.
For in stance amoncr other things, take a bit of co al:'
0
•
/
it is black, h ard, heavy, bnttle, etc.

ARTICLE VI.
ACTION OF 'fHINGS .

1. What things does the CIIILD do?
THIEF?
JOINER?
CooK?
MASON ?
SOLDIER?
TAILOR?
BARBER?
DocTOlt?
MILLER?
.WEAVER?
PAINTER?
FARMElt?
PREACllER?
COACHMAN'(
GARDENER?
2. -what things can be don e by the

BoY?
SAILOR?
Bu'l:crrnR?

PuPIL?
TINNER?
'rEAcnER?

A ucTIONEEJt?
HousE-n'[Arn?
sronEKEErE1i?

I

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12

OBJECT LESSONS,

To TEACHERS . - Here is a proper place for the
teacher to do some things, and call for the words that
express the acts. For example, he takes a rata u, bends,
coil s, twists, throws, waves it, or strikes, points, thrusts
with it, and asks: "·what do I do now?"
A .sheet of paper, a hammer, a bo ok, a handkerchief,
a strrng, etc., may thus be made ve~y useful.

ARTICLE VIII.
TIME OF A C TI ONS .

1. When does the snow fall ?

. ?
When are the flowers b l oonung .
When is the wheat h ar vested?
When does the vintage take place?
?
When do the leaves fall from the trees .
When does the nightin gale sin g ?
'When are mu sl)_nitos most tronbl oso mc ?
\Vhen a'L'e the fire-flies abroad?
\
When do th e sta,rs rise?
When do the svrnllows leave us?
\Vhen does a diliO'ent pupil play?
b
.
?
·wh en do the birds build th ei r nests ·
\ Vhen are the days the lougest?
\Yhen are they th e shortest?
·when do es the cock crow?
When is the lion seekin g his prElf?
\Vhen is the corn planted?

ARTICLE VII.
MA NNER OF ACTIONS.

j

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How docs sugar taste? vinegar? seawater?
How do es the sun shine? the moon ? th e stars ?
How does the hare run? the dog? the horse?
How does th e crab go? the snail? th e du ck?
How does the child walk? how the young man?
how the old man? the intoxicated man?
How does the boy write? how th e old man ?
the writing-teacher?
How does the oak g row? tho rosebush?
How does th e thunder sound?
How does the lion roar?
How does· the bird sing?
How does the wind blow?
H ow does the gas burn ? the wax candle ? the
tallow candle?
I-Io-..v does the bee work? the an t?
H ow does th e locomotive go? th e steam boat?
th e coach ? th e car t ?

13

OR THI NGS TAUGHT.

2. What things are done in the

.....,

SPRING?

NIGHT?

SUM111ER?
AuTu11rn ?

vVINTER?

Mo1tNING?

DAYTIME?

TH ANKSG I VING?

EVENING?

ExAMPLE.- I n Spring the leaves appear, the flowers
bl ossoni, the birds return , the farmer prepares the g rou nd,
sows his seed, etc.

;

14

OBJEC1' LESSONS,

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I

CHAPTER II.

::i
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DEVELOPMENT Ol!' IDEAS BY OBSERVATION AND

•'

REFLECTION.

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RE.\IARI~s

15

OR THING S TAUGHT.

TO TEACIIERS.-1. As the pupils are now

abl e t o wnte, let the exerri~f's of thr nr 1' \·1' 11 t1 . Cl . t
J
•
r · ·'
1. 1p er
JC lrN1ne 11 tly r cr ie wctl as lessons to !Je wriite11
" A.s t I1 0 . subj·ec ts be come more complex, let . the sen...,,
tences rn which ~he answers are given, be more complete
and comprehensive.

Ohio? Texas? the Hudson? the Mississippi?
London? Vesuvius. ? Darien?
2. How does the dog differ from the bird? the
goose from the turkey? the fi sh from the bird?
the knife from an ax? the hous e from the
church? the squirrel from the i·abbit?
How does the tree difI:er from the plant? the
wheat from the sweet potato ? the apple-tree from
th r oa k -trcc ? t he d 1air fr0m th0 ~ 0fo? tlw rli~ 1 inc:·­
roorn from the parlor ? th e city f'ro111 1l1 e Yil h g-c '?
EXAMPLE.-The dog is a quadrup ed.
a r ep tile . London is a cit.y.

The :-1iakc is

3. Always bear in mind that it is your duty to instruct
as well as to catechize.

-4. Do not give. too many topics at once, but try to
exhaust every subJect, so that each Article in this Cha .
ter may b st for several weeks.
p

i

ARTICLE X.
PART S OF THINGS.

1. Name the parts of th e following things :

':

!Ii

ARTICLE IX.

I

C LAS S IFICATION OF THINGS.

1. '.Vhat is the salmon ?· the dog?. tl1e crow .,r
the cow? th e wren ? the pike? th e hen? the fl ?
the snake~ the silkworm ? the lio rr ?
y·
b '

Wh~t. is the mackerel ? the apple? the lily?
the kmfc?
the quicksilver ? the c.o-la.ss
?• tl1e
<
.
mon d ? the boy? the elephant? ·

a·ia-

. .-'iVhat is the ~rnson? the ocean? th e sheep? the
JOlll cr? th e llll!TO l''I. New Yo1·I~?
c·Ill C1!1!1U
. t'?
'- ·
1.

A
A
A
A
A
A

RooM,
TABLE,

CHAIR,
KNIFE,

HousE,

-wrnnow,

A STORE,
A 'I'REE,
A HoRsE ,
A BooK,
A vV ATCII,
A vVAGON,

A H AT,
A RosE,
A Brnn,
A YEAR,
A KITE,
A f'LED.

.,,

2. Name the parts of the human body :
1. HEAD,

2.

TRUNK,

3. Lnrns.

'fo TEACHERS.-The T each er sh ould be abl e to make
drawin gs on the blackboard, and sh ould call fo r tho
names of th e various parts.

I
fi

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16

OBJEC'l' LESSONS,

ARTICLE XI.
MATERIALS OF WHICH THINGS ARE MADE.

1. Of what

is

a

KITE made?

I NK,

A BALL,

A

SOAP,

A TIGER,

SIL YER,

Co AL,

A BRICK,

A
A

FrsH,

GOLD,

f'.;'·.

PAPER?

A BELL?

A

A Bmcre?

Co:rvrn?

A KNIFE?

A CLOCK?

A BULLET?

A HousE?

A BRusn?

A BONNET?
A X n: 111i;?

A BOTTLE?

A
A
A

A

RosE,

1.VrnDow?

A
A
A
A

Tn u xK?

.\

D OT.1. .11:. ?

TEACUl'?

A

OTEAMTlOAT?

FIDDLE?

Fox,

BELL,

GLASS,

SHEEP,

TOBACCO,

vVINE,

HORSE,

RAZOR,

SNUFF,

NEEDLE,

A
A

STEEPLE,

"\VATER,

MONKEY,

AN ORANGE,

A KNIFE,

SHoE?

A Boore?

,.

STONE,

A

A

2. ::\ ri,m c the qu'11itie s that

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2. From what is

A PIANO-FORTE?

CAXDY made?

vVINE?

BUTTER?

SUGAR?
FLOUR?

VINEGAR?

3.

LEATHER?

A

TABLE?

A CLOAK?

A

STOCKING?

A BARREL?

A
A
A

vVET,

UP,

Loun,

HoT,

OPEN,

LEFT,

Goon,

'l'ALL,

A Boore?

KIND,

SLOW,

EVEN,

HARD,

TRUE,

UGLY,

TnrcK,

TAME,

'l'IRED,

BANK-BILL?

BROAD,

LIGHT,

vVEST,

HALF-DOLLAR?

JOVIAL,

CLEAR,

RIGHT,

STRA w BONNET?

BITTER,

WEAK,

SWEET,

NARROW,

ROUND,

NORTH,

HEALTHY,

POLITE,

1.VHITE,

DILIGENT,

HUNGRY,

SOCIABLE,

GRATEFUL,

ORDERLY,

HOPEFUL,

CHARITABLE,

CROOKED,

TRANSPARENT.

QUALITIES OF THINGS.
Name some qualities

OLD,
JusT,

DEEP,

ARTICLE XII.

1.

th e oppo sit e of

PooR,

How is a BooT made ?

A NAIL?

Rr.EPHANT ,

A NAIL?

CHEESE?

MOLASSES?

<H O

AN

the following:

I

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17

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

i:!

of

PAPER,

MILK,

Trrn l!'mE,

A

A

AN APPLE,

CORD,

CANE,

+

REUARK. - The Teacher will show various things,
colors, and forms, and will inquire after the ir qualities.
THI N GS TAlIGHT. -2

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18

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OBJEC T LE SS ON S,

OR THING S TA1JGIIT.

ARTICLE XIII.

ARTICLE X IV.

A C'I 'ION OF 'l' III NGS.

USE s OF T II I X GS ·

A

l. What is th e use of the

OJ Living Things.
1. ·what things may be done by the

Jr
I

ij

Ox?
CAT?
BoY?
DoG?
IIoG?
H EN?
GrnL?
CocK?
\Vor,F ?

SHEEP?
CA~IEL?

HORSE?
RAVEN?
MousE?
PIGEON ?
SAILOR?
SPIDER?
FARMER?

RABBIT?
HUNTER?
SERPENT?
TEACHER?
SQUIHREL?
SWALLOW?
ELEPHANT?
CANAllY-Bnm?
MocKING-B mn '{

B
OJ 1'l1in.r;s without Life.
2. What things may be don e by the

SuN?
FIRE?
HAIL?

SNOW?
\Vrnn?
FROST?

RIVER ?
IVATE!t ?
L IGHTNING ?

3. What things may be don e ·w ith a
PIN?
L AM P?
CARRIAGE ?
SAw?
DRU;>.f?
GUNBOAT?
GuN?
KNIFE?
T ELEGRAPH?
SLr.n?
Swonn?
STEAM-ENGINE ?

I NK ?
PEN?
Boorc?
SLATE?
\.VooL?
CLOCK? ·,
RULER?
ScuooL?
LETTER?
'roNGUE?
13ucrrnr?
'l'rn CuP?
LEATIIER?

Am?
EYE?
EAR?
!Ro.N ?
NosE?
Woon?
l">AINT?
J3RICK?
BROO;'i[?
Bnusu?
RATAN?
Mnrno1t?
SPY Gr.ASS'!

LEG ?
HAND?
KNIFE?
CHALK?

SPONGE?
SATCHEL'?
Scrssons?
MEDICINE?
.:fEWSPAPER ?
Br.ACJ\llO ARD ?
L EAD P ENCIL?
Tmm~rn)IETER ?

PaTNTING

Pnr.ss ?

2. Fo r what purpose does
The ox use hi.s homs?
For what the fish his fins?
For what the clerk his pen ?
For what the boy his kni fe ?
. d its
. wrngs
.
?
For wh at the bu
.
For wh at the boy his skates?
For what the mole his claws?
. ax. ?.
For what th e butcher l i1s
For what the soldier his flag?
For wha.t the elsphant hi s trnnk?

;

20

OBJECT LESSONS,

OH THINGS TAUGl:lT.

For what the pupil his pen?
For what the cobbler his awl?
For what the eagle his talons?
For what the girl her scissors?
For what the printer his type?
For what the farmer his plow?
For what the teacher his ruler?
For what the carpenter his saw?
For what the merchant his safe?
For wliat the sailor ltis compass?
J1-,or >vlrnt the patient his medicine?
For what the mason his plumb-line?
For what the physician hia metlicine?
For what the tradesman his yard-stick?

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ARTICLE XV.
DIRECTIO~

OF THINGS.

1. Name several things which are

CURVED,
STRAIGHT,
PARALLEL,

EVEN,
UNEVEN,
CROOKED,

SLANTING,
HORIZONTAL,
PER}ENDICULAR.

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1.

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A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

3. What things can be clone with
BALLOON?
GAS?
A S4w?
DIAMOND?
FIRE?
A TRAP?
GUNBOAT?
LEAD?
A SHOVEL?
HANDSAW?
Gcot,n?
A LANCET?
PAINT BRUSH?
.WINE?
A CANNON?
STEAM-ENGINE?
STONE?
AN APPLE?
\¥'HEEL-BARROW?
Woon?
AN OMNIBUS?
SEWING MACHINE ? VVATER? A TELESCOPE?

EXAMPLE. - The fire can burn, boil, bake; blaze,
smoke, crackle, warm, consume, etc.

--

'.f,

/?/fillr-ANGLC. RIC.'ITANGLC.

6

2. 'Which direction have the
of a chair?
Hows of houses?
Leers
b
Masts of a ship?
Lintel of a door? .
Eaves of a house?
Trunk of a tree?
Gables pf a house?
Edges of a table?
Corners of a house?
Boughs of a tree ?
Stairs of a building?
Sides of a bucket?
Cornice of a temple?
Pipes of an organ?
Columns of a temple?
Rails of a railroad?
Benches of this room? Ijeg-s of a compass ?
!vinllion of a window? Tr; ck s of a carriage?
Tran so m of a window? P ell(lnlnm of :-i. cloek '?

22

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23

OBJECT L ESSONS,

OR THI NG-i::i TA "C'G H'f.

ARTICLE XVI.

Name things which are long, wide, narrow, hol low, pointed, taperin g, oblong.

FORMS OF 'rHI NGS .

B

A.-N ame things which are
ROUND, 1.

ANGULAR, 6.

ARilOitESCENT, 11 .

OVAL, 2.

CONVEX, 7.

SErtilATED, I 2.

'\Vhat is the fo rm of

A N E GG?
A STOVE?
'
A 'J'AJ3LE?
.:\ Cn:cu:: ?
A D OLLAR?
A ROLLER?
A NEEDLE?
A l\fA1rnLE?
A SERPENT?

I

A Tun?
ACuP?
A SAW?
_'\" Fr.r.?
Tim D1E ·:
A Rrnno).' '!
A N ONION?
A DoTl'LE?
A T UllIDLER?

THE St!tEET?
A RosE L EAF?
A ConKsc1rnw?
TH!~ <:: Tf1\T"Tl'!. ?
\\-J :\JH:\1_; ~T.\ll\ S

j

I
ARTICLE XVII.

I

CO MPARISO N OF TH I NGS .

I

I
SQUARE , 3.

CONCAVE, 8.

\VINDING, 13.

TI.E CTA'.\' GU LAR, 4.

TRIANGULAR, 9.

C'YT. l'.\ DRI C' A L , ~.

SPIRAL, 14.

CONI CAL , 10.

AR C' H ED .1 5.

--

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Honxs oF A GOAT ?
Tn uc.iK oF A TrrnE?
DEAK OF A:-< EAGLE?
vV HEEL OF A '\VATCH ?

Compare a goat and a lamb.
Compare a horse and a mule.
Compare a steeple and a hut.
Com~re a rul er and a board.
Compare a river rtnd a brook .
Compare a kite and a balloon.
Compar e a watch and a clock.
Compare a squi rrel and a rabbit.
Compare a steamboat and a ship.
Compare a bnr rcl ancl n h ogc;hcac1 .

24

OBJECT LE SSONS,

Compare
Compare
Compare
Compare
Compare

jf

the finger and the arm.
an eagle and a canary-bird.
a pigeo n and a mocking-bil'cl.
a church and a dwelling -house.
wrapping-paper and lette r-paper.

i'
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OR THING S TAUG'l:t~.

25

One who runs very fast?
A man who plows a field?
People who go to market?
A man who bath es himself?
One who waters the fl owers ?
One who hunts in th e fol'est '(
One who puts up a ligh tni ng -rncl?
One who looks through a telescope '?

ARTICLE XVIII.
MEA NS AND ENDS.

A
llfeans.

MOTIVES

j

To
To
'ro
To
To

~lJfotivcs .

warm a room?
'l'o build a hou se ?
light a street?
T o learn a lesson?
make a tabl: ?
To make a living?
re~p the gram?
To cross a stream?
wnte a good hand? To be beloved by others ?
To send news to a distan t friend?
To catch fishes a nd birds ?

B
Ends.
·w hat ends arc sought by

Cliildl'en who play?
On e who sets a t rap?
011 0 " ·]10 lights a fire ?

I

One who is charitabl e ?
One who r eads a book ?
Ono wlrn opens a mine?

I

AND CONSEQUE::-;-CES .

A

\Yhat means must we use

I

ARTICLE XIX.

--

Why should we do ri ght?
\ Vhy do hunters use a g un?
Why do men feed silkwol'mS?
·why do children go to school?
\Vhy do butchers kill ani mals ?
\ Vby do men invent mach ines?
vVhy do tn.nners make leather ?
·why do birds fly south in Fall?
vVby should we assist the poor?
'W"hy do fa rmers sow th eil' seed ?
\Vhy do we send for th e docto r ?
'"Why do sailors go on the ocean?
\Vhy sho uld we love our parents?
\Vhy should we honor ou r teachel's?
\Vhy do chirnn ey-swcepe l's cleau the chimn ey ?

2G

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OBJECT LE SSONS,

OR THING S TAl! G HT.

B

B

Co nsequences.
·w hat are the consequences of

EJJ'ects.

\ Val'?
Lying?
Famine ?
Idleness ?
Pestilence ?

Order'?
Virtu e ?
Diso rd el'?
Kindn ess ?
Diligence ?

>'l1<11· t ('1'(1[1.-; '[
Cun:tous uess?

f.~· !11 )/':l I ! l ' l)

'(

.l>i:;lw ncs t y '(
Knowledge ?
D runkenness?
Quick temper?

Cold weath er?
vVarm weather?
A thunder-storm?

ARTICLE XX.
CAUSE AND EFFECT.

A

Causes.
\Vh at are the causes of
I ce ?
Day?
Hail?
Rain?
Snow?
Poverty?
A 'vo und?
A goorl harves t?

Joy?
N ight?
Death?
Winter?
·wealth?
Summer?
Dissatisfaction ?
Light of the moo n ?

---

vVhat
\iVh at
\iVhat
vVhat
\Vhat
·what

is driven by wind ?
is clri ven by water '?
is driven by steam?
are the effects of rai u?
are the effects of heat '!
are the effects of light?

\\cl1: tL a1·e \]11: cll'1xl-< 1i1· <11" l1·1 ·:
Wliat are the cffcds ol' ~t1 111y '!
1

·what a,rc the effects of travel?
·what are the effects of virtue?
\Vhat are the effects of he::tlth?
·w hat are the effects of disease ?
. ?
vVhat are the effects of stea1rn g.
\Vhat arc the effects of poverty?
·w hat a re the effects of idleness ?
vVhat al'e the effects of honesty'!
.
. ?
What are the effects of cxerctse .
What are the effects of glutto ny?
vVhat are the effects of sun shin e ?
\ iVhat are the effects of industry ?
What are the effects of kindness?
\ ¥ hat are the effects of economy?
\ •V hat are the effects of obedience ?
\Vhat are th e effects. of ig noran ce
fNh at are the effects of dissip::ttion?

1

28

OBJECT LESSONS,

CHAPTER III.
STORIES TO BE WRITTEN FROM MElliORY, AND TRANSFORMATION OF POETRY INTO PROSE.

I'

"h-n

f

.i

TO TEACHERS -The ~t .·
d poems m
.
tl .RE~IARKS
C
.
.
~ ones an
.
u. s . haptcr are mtended for a variety of ex er c1scs
a II
p1cp.tratory to the work of composition writinn'
The pupils sh ould read the stories aloud to thcoT
l
Then let the books be closed an d let the Tc " l . ~ac 1_cr.
th
"c 1c1 cxamrnc
'
c pup1 1s as to their undcrstandinn- of wha t b b
read Th" · d
b
o
as cen
T •
is Is one y question and answer.
Next,
let
each
story
be
.
t
cl
l
tl
I
· rep ea e ora ly, by several of
1C c ass. Afterward they are to be written f ·
and corrected by the T eac her.
iom memory,

To o much must not be demanded at first or. th l

·11 b
·
'
· ' · e earner
WI
ecome d1scourao-ecl. b t "f
.
l
.-11 b
, "' ' u I too little be required
ic ;vI . . ecome ca reless. The more the words of th~
pupil cl1fler fr om those in the book, the better.

l<., IRS T

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

20

by a new method, which very much pleased his
teacher.
" Who showed you ?" asked the t eacher.
"I showed myself,'' answered the diligent boy.
IL-THE KID AND TllE "WOLF.

A KID was standing on the fl.at roof of a house,
and saw a wolf passing by. H e immediately
cried out to the wolf, and dared him to come up
and fight.
Th e wolf looked up and said :
"Sir kid, it is not you, but the house, that talks
so bravely."
III.- THE PEACOCK AND THE JACKDAW.

THE birds once met to elect a king. The peacock demanded to be elected, on acco unt of hi s
b eauty. After he had been elected, the jackdaw
ask ed him:
"If the eagle should attack us while you arc
king, how will you defend u s ?"

SE CT ION.

ARTICLE

IV.- 'I'HE TORTOISE AND THE EAGLE.

xxr.

STOR IES.
I.-WHO TOLD YOU ·THAT?

\VrLLIA~r and P eter were sitt"ing 111
. tie
l s·1me
scat nt :;cJ1 00 ! · On e rb' .Y I' e ter Irnr1 r1o nc l1i s fi •trni s

--

A TORTOISE begged the eagle to t each her how
to 'llfiy . Said the eagle: "It is contrary to your
nature to :fly." "Never you minc1 that,'' said the
tortoise, "but carry me up, and show me bow you
fly, and let m e try."

30

i

31

OBJECT LE SSO.XS,

OR THIXG S L -\ TGHT.

The eagle carried her high in the air, and let
her go. - She fell, ancl was dashed to pieces.

Geor()"e did not hesitate a moment, bnt said:." I
did it, father." H e would not lie, an<l 11·as forgiven.

~:

V.-THE TOWN-PUMP.

town-pump once made a speech, and this
is what it said :
"Cold water, boys, is the best drink. It purifies
every thing, preserves every thi11g, aud refreshes
every thing. Drink it, and you will be healthier
and happier than if you drank any other drink."
THE

VIII.-THE MISER

~ llIISEr. fell into a deep and rapid stream .. A
·
. l"f
fisherman, wishing to save 1i1s
I e, Jnmp
ecl rnto
the water, and cried out : "Give me your hand,
and I will save yon."
But the mise r said : "I never gave any thing
in my life, and I will not begin now."

VI.-THE TII.REE OXEN.
_,.
I

'

I

TrmEE oxen once lived together in a pasture.
\Vhile they were friendly, they could defend themselves against all enemies.
But when they afterward qnarrelecl with each
other, and separated, the panthers and wolves attacked th em singly, and quickly devoured them.
VII.- GEORGE WASHINGTON.

'

;

\VnEN Washington was a li ttle boy, his father
gave him a hatch et. He began to cut every thing
he came across; and, among other things, he cut
down a cherry-tree which his father very much
prized.
\Vh eu his father saw it, he was very angry, and
asked his little son who had done such a naughty
thing.

JX.-TlIE l\IARTIN AKD 'l'Irn PlGEOKS.

A MARTIN, having been caught in a trap, suffered the most terrible p::tin.
A young pigeon .saw it, fl ew to her m~t!1er, ~n~
exclaimed: "Joy, joy, our mortal cnemJ lS gorn o
to perish! Come, let t1s deride him, and thereby
increase his sufferin gs."
·
" To deride
c pigeon.
" Shame," replied t J1c o11
an unfortunate one, even if he be our mortal
enemy, bet.rays a heart well deserving the same
misfortune."
1

X.-TIIE WITTY SAILOR.

"CAPTAIN," asked a sailor, "is any thing lost,
· 1s
· ?. "
" ~
N o," rcso long as you kno\Y where 1t
.
.
plied the captain.
"Well, theu, your silver t eapot, wl11 ch JU St foll

l

32

OBJECT LESSONS,

OR T H I NGS TAl:GHT.

out of my hand, is not lost; for I know, and I t ell
you, that you may know, that it is in the bottom
of the ocea~/ '

After studying a while, he picked up a large
number of pebbles, and put th em in the jug .
These raised the wa ter so that he could reach
it and quench his thirst.
There is nothing like tryiug.

33

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XI.-TJIE APE AND THE FOX.
" MENTION to me an animal so skillful that I
can not imitate it."
Thim vannte(l the ape in th e pre~ence of a fox.
Du t the fo x rq il icd: " ..\ml c:-111 yon m cnti,·1 11 t<1
me an aniuial so insignificant that it would be
willing to imitate you?"

XII.-rlmTECTIOX AGATXST COLD.

I

•I

A RICH man took a ride in the pinching cold.
On his way, he met a poor man, who was lightly
dressed, and yet did not seem to feel the cold.
"How can you stand this terrible frost, my
friend?" asked the rich man. "I can hardly
warm myself."
"0, if you would manage it as I do,' ' r eplied
the poor man, "you would not freeze either."
"Please t ell me how you manage it,'' asked the
rich man. "I have," replied he, "put on all my
clothes."
XIII.-'l'HE CUNNIKG CROW.

A CROW was very thirsty, and saw some water
in th e bottom of a jug, with a long neck. He
tried for some time to reach it, Lut could not
do so.

XIV.-DOG 'l'RA Y IN BAD COMP ANY.

was a Yery l.!:vuJ llu!.!_'. Olle Lhy « ' " ry
J; n;;,v, a ~kc~ l l1i :1 1 tu .'..'.:•) l <l t.J, ,.
village with him. Tray said he wonld go, if
Bruno would beh ave well. Bruno promised to
do so, and they set out together.
vVh en th ey reached the village, Brnno barked
at every child, 'vorried every cat, and quarreled
with every dog, he met. So the vill agers ran
after the two dogs, and beat them both sou ndly:
Bruno, because he was bad, and Tray, because he
was found in bad co mpany.
Always shun bad company !
TRAY

lJacl d og, namccl

XV.-THE COW, THE GOA'l\ 'l'IIE SHEEP, AND
THE LION.

A cow, a goat, and a patient sheep went hunting, in company with the lion . At last they caught
a lai;ge deer. The lion di videcl it, an cl said:
"The first part I take, because I am th e lion.
The second part you must award to me, on account of my valor. The third must foll to my
lot, because I am stronger than you a re; and woe
be to him who lays his hands on th e fou rth part."
T H i:.-; \ i:'."' TAI. vH T . - ~~

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34

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Thus the unjust lion took the entire body for
himself.

i:

XVI.-GENERAL PUTNAM.

1,

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11

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OH THINGS TAUGHT.

35

I

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OBJECT LESSONS,

l
f

AFTER the battle of Lexington, men rode all
over the country to carry the news, and to call
the soldiers to Boston.
vVh eu one of these men reached Pomfret, Conn ecti cn t , l1 e stoppccl at th e ro:vhi rk, anrl toM the
news to a fat farmer, who \\'HS plowiug with a
yoke of oxen and a horse.
The farmer went at once to his plow, unyoked
his oxen, sprang upon his horse, and left his farm
to be destroyed, in order that 've might enjoy the
blessings of liberty.
This farmer was the patriotic Putnam, one of
the distinguished generals of the Revolutionary
War.

XVIII.-HENRY CLAY.

HENRY CLAY was once told that if be would
advocate certain measures, he could easily be
elected President of the United States. But b e
replied:
·"These measures are wrong; and I would rath er
be right than be President."
XlX.-DA~JEL

\VE13;:>TER

DURING our war with Mexico, Daniel \V ebstc r
was conversing with a gentleman who declared
that, while he believed the w·ar was wrong, he
could not support the government or the country.
But Mr. Webster said: "My motto is, 'My
country, right or wrong;' if right, to conquer with
her; if wrong, to set her right, and defend her."

XVII.-GENERAL GJ.mENE.

GENERAL NATHANIEL GREEKE, of the Revolution,
was born of Quaker parents, and the Quakers refuse to fight, even in self-defense. Yet Nathaniel
enlisted in the army, doing so without the knowledge of his father or mother.
vVhen th ey learned what their son had done,
his father reproved him; but his moth er said:
"Nathaniel, if thou wilt go to the war, I hope
thou wilt never allow thyself to be shot in the
back."

XX.-MEASURE FOH MEASUHE.

ONCE, in a company, a traveler told, with all
sej;i.ousness, that h e had· traveled over the five
divisions of the globe, and that, among other
curiosities, he bad met with one which, as yet,
had never been mentioned by any author.
This curiosity, according to his statement, was
a cabbage, which was so large ancl high, that
under one single leaf thereof fifty armed horsemen might have been able to station themselves.

/

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11·11

OBJEUT LESSONS,

Some one, who listened to him, did not deem
his exaggeration worthy of a refutation, but told
him that he too had traveled, and been as far as
China.
There, to his greatest astonishment, he had seen
three hundred coppersmiths working on the outside of a large kettle; and there had been three
hundred men at work on the inside, to polish it.
"And what did they wish to no with thi s monstrnus kettle!" asked the traveler.
"They intended to cook therein the cabbage
of which you told us just now."

f,

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XXI.-KILL OR CURE.

A DOCTOR was employed by a poor man to
attend his wife, who was dangerouly ill. The
doctor gave a hint that he had fears of not being
paid.
"I have five dollars," said the man to the doctor, "and if you kill or cure, you shall have
them."
The woman died in the doctor's hands, and
after a reasonable time he called for his money.
The man asked the doctor if he killed his wife?
"No!"
"Did you cure her?"
"No!"
"Then," sai<l the poor man," yon have 110 legal
dcman<l ! "

,

-·-

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

SECOND SECTION.
TRANSFORl\IATION OF POETRY INTO PROSE.

REMARKS TO TEACHERS.-Let the 'l'eacher read these poems,
so as to give the sense definit ely and correctly. Let him define tl 1c 1iguratlri; \ronl:.:. 1 a111l

gi1· (_~

tl 11' :--:ynu1 1_y1 :i--:

i'11l'

tl 111-;,, Li'- 1.-,t

important. Let him give an example, and nsk the pupil to
repeat, orally, the trnnsformn.tion of the poem, or n. verse of it,
into prose; and then let it be written.
The longer poems mn.y be divided into sc\·cral lessons. lt
is u, special rule, that all rhymes are to be avoided.
This Section embraces matter for a large variety of very useful exercises. It will uid the pupil in learning to read, and in
remembering wlrnt is reud, and will give him a more copious
vocabulary of words, and a more graceful sty le. Let it not be
neglected.

ARTICLE XXII.
I.-THE BIRD'S NEST.

1. IF ever I see,
On bush or tree,
Young birds in a pretty nest.,
I must not, in play,
Steal the young birds away,
To grieve their mother's breast,
2. My mother, I know,
\Vonltl so rrow so,

38

OBJECT LESSONS,

Should I be stolen away ;
So I 'll speak to the birds
In my softest words,
Nor hur t t hem in my play.
3. And when they can fly
In t he bright blue sky,
They will warble a so ng to me,
And when I am sad,
It will make me glad,
Tu t!ti11k t!t ~ y arc l::tppy :ttHl fn· e.

H .-THE SP AlUWW.

1. Wuo taught the little bee to fly
Among the sweetest flow ers,
And lay his feas t of hon ey by,
To eat in winter h ours?
2. Who showed th e little ant the way
H er narrow h ole to bore,
And spend the pl easant summer day
In laying up her store?
3. The sparrow builds lier clever nest
Of wool, and hay, and moss;
" ' ho · taught her how to weave it best,
And lay the twigs across?
4. 'Twas God who taught them all the way,
And gave them all their skill ;
And tea ches children, when th ey pray,
T o tl o his holy wi ll.

,

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Oll THINGS TA UG U'r.

IIJ.-LOVE OF BROTIIEHS AND Sl STEHS.

1. 'VUATEVER brawl s di :< turb th e street ,
Th ere sh ould be peace at h ome ;
'Vhere sisters dwell, and brothers meet,
Quarrels sh ould never come.
2. Birds in their litt.le nests agree;
A nd 'tis a sh ameful sigh t,
" Then c11i1 rlren of onP fami ly
Fal l out , a 11d clii l1l', :111 d li ~ !tt.
3. H ard names, at first, and angry word s,
That arc but noisy breath ,
May grow to cl ubs and naked swo rJ s,
'l'o murder, and to death.
4. The wise will let th eir an ger cool,
At least, before 'tis night;
But in the bosom of a fool,
It burns till morning light.
5. Pardon , 0 Lord , our childish rage,
Our little brawls remove;
That, as we grow to riper age,
Our h earts nrn.y all be love.
IV.-MARY'S LAMB.
1. MARY h ad a little lamb ,

Its fleece was white as snow,
And everywh ere that l\Iary we nt,
Th e lamb "·as sure to go.

•

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OR THI NGS TA UGH T .

0 JJ'J EC T I. E SS 0 NS ,

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Who h ath hush ed their j oyous breath ,
And made the woodlands still as death?
J ac k Frost.

2. H e went with h er to school one day,
Which was against the rule;
It made the children laugh and play,
T o see a lamb at school.

3. Who
Who
\Vho
·who

3. And so the teacher turned him out;
But still he lingered near,
And waited patiently about,
Till l\fary did ap1rnar.

F
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·\. .\ 11 1l til L'll l1t: 1':111 (1> li <'I': :1lld Liid
His h ead upon h er arm,
As if he said: "I'm not afraid ,
You'll kee p me from all harm. "

]-'!'1111 1 a(. rnid11i .co l1t l1«lll' .
Like a thief aroun d the doo r,
'rhrough each c: rack and ere ri ce crccpi 11 g,
Through the very key-hole peepin g?
Ja ck Frost.

The eager children cry;

5. Who
·who
Who
Who

"0, Mary loves the lamb, you know,"
The teacher did reply.

G. "Auel you , each gentle animal
To yo u, fo r life, may bind ,
And make it follow at yo ur ca ll,
If yon are always kind. "

lin net. all aw ay ·;

pinch the traveler 's toes?
bite th e sch ool-b oy's nose ?
make yo ur fin ge rs tin gle?
make the slci::;h -bells jin gle?
.Tack Frost-.

1. 0 ,

COME with m e, and we will go,
A nd try the winter's cold ;
I t fr eezes now, and soon will snow,
But we arc tou gh and bold .

1. Wuo hath kill ed the pretty fl owers,
Born and Lred in summer bow ers?
·who 'hath taken away their bloom?
'W h o hath swept them to the tomb?
Jack Fros t.
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cloth
cloth
doth
doth

VI. - WlNTER SPOHT::;.

V.-JACK FHOST.

L :1 rk

chilled the laughing rive r ?
make the old oak shiver?
wrapp ed the \l'Orlcl in snow ?
make the wild winds blow?
Jack F r o~L

"1. \\'ho d ut!t

5. "W hat makes the lamb love l\Iary so?"

2. \\'h o h at h cl1 ased th e birds so gay,

hath
d oth
h ath
doth

I
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2. \Ve ha ve had meny games in Spring:,
Of ball and other sor ts ;
But \ Vinter, too, bi s share can bring
Of old and cheerful spo r ts.

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OBJECT LESSONS,

3. With sled and satchel, off we start,
The smoking breakfast through;
And through the day, "\\'ith book and chart.,
'Ye have enough to do.
4. Ilut when our lessons all are done,
0 then, we 're on the ice;
And, by the redly sinking sun,
Are skating there so nice.

on

TIIIXGS TAl:GlIT.

And there it spread its sweet perfume,'
Within the sil ent shade.
4. Then let me to the valley go,
This pretty flower to sec,
'.l.'hat I may also learn to grow
In sweet humility.

YI

5. 'l'hcn come with me, and we will go
And try the winter's cold;
Nor fear the ice , nor fear the snow,
For we are tough and bold.
6. And then, at evening, sitting round
The crackling, cheerful blaze,
'\Ve 'll tell our stories, sing our songs,
And close the winter days.

1."
VII.-'l'HE VIOLET.

1. DowN in a green and shady bed,
A modest violet grew;
lts stalk was bent, it hung its head,
As if to hide from view.
2. And yet it was a lovely flower,
Its colors bright and fair;
It might have graced a rosy bower,
In stead of hiding there.
3. Yet there it was content to bloom,
In rnoLlcst tints arrayed,

--

11 . -~ L\ l~Y

Jl O\\' .

1. "Co~rn in, little stranger," I saiJ,
As she tapped at my half-ope n door,
While the blanket pinned over her head ,
Just reached to the basket she bore.
2. A look full of inno cence fe ll
From her modest and pretty blue eye,
As she said: " I have matches to sell,
And hope you are willing to buy.
3. "A penny a bunch is the price,
I think you 'II not find it too much;
They are tied up so even and nice,
And ready to light with a touch."
4. I asked, " 'Vhut 's your name, li ttle girl ?"
"'Tis l\Iary," said she, " l\Iary Dow ;"
And carelessly tossed off a curl
'l'hat played on her delicate brow.
5. "l\Iy father was lost on the deep :
The ship never got to the sh ore;
And mother is sa d, and will weep,
To hear the wind blow and sea roa r.

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44

OBJECT L ESSONS,

6. "She sits ther e at home without food,
B eside our sick Willy 's low bed;
She paid all h er money for wood,
And so I sell matches for bread.

7. "I'd go to the yard and get chips,
But then it would make me too sad,
To sec the men building the ships,
And think they had made one so bad.

o. "Hut c: otl, L :m1 811re , who (':tn take
Such fa th erly care of a bird,
·will never forge t nor forsa.kr.
The children who trust in His word.
9. "And now, if I only can sell
Th e matches I brou ght out to-day,
I think I sh all do ve ry well ,
Ancl we sh all r ej oice at th e pay."

10. "Fly h ome, little bird ," then I thou ght ,
" Fly h ome, full of j oy, to yo ur nest;"
For I took all the matches sh e brought,
And l\Iary may t ell you the rest.

IX.-GE'l' UP.

1. Get 'up, little sister; the morning is bright,
The birds are all singing to welcome the li ght;
The buds ar c all open, the dew 's on the fl ower;
If you sh ak e b ut a branch, see, th ere fa ll s quite a sh o'lrer.

2. B y the side of th eir mothers, loo k , und er the trees,
H ow t he yon np: brnbs :ire skip pinf! abo ut :is th ey p l e:i~c;

--

OR T HING::> TAUGHT.

45

And by th ose little rin gs on the water, I kn ow
The fish es ar e merrily swimming below.

3. The bee, I dare say, has been long on the wing,
To get h oney from ever y flower of the Spring;
For the bee never idl es, but labo rs all day ,
And thinks, prudent insects' work better than play.
4. The lark 's sin ging gayly, it loves the bri gh t ~mn,
A nrl r<'.iofr<'s t.h :it. n ow the ["UV Sprin!! has hcg:un ;
'J' lie ~pri11g i ~ "" c\ 1\'<' l'i'1t1 , I t l1i11k 'I. 1111 1il ll I"' 1n<>nc::
If we did n ot foci h appy to h ear the l:1rk's s1111_!..:'-

5. Get up ; for when all thin gs arc merry and g lad
Good children shouhl 11 crc r ],,) l:i~y :1n•l sad;
F or God g ives us day li gh t, dear sister, tha t we
May r ejoice like the lark, and work like the bee.

X.-IIAH.RY AND TIIE GUIDE-PQ_ST.
1. 'rHE night was dark; the sun wa8 hid
Beneath th e mountain gray,
And not a single star appear ed
'fo sh oot a silver ray.
2. Across the heath the owlet flew,
And scr eamed along the blast;
And onward , with a qu ick ened step,
Benighted Harry passe d.
3. A nd now in th ickest darkness plun ged ,
H e groped hi s 'l\'ay to fi nd ;
And soo n h e th ough t h e saw beyond ,
A form of h orrid k ind .

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4. In deadly white it upward rose,

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OBJECT LESSONS,

Of cloak and mantle bare,
And held its naked arms across,
To catch him by the hair .

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5. Poor Harry felt his blood run cold,
At what before him stoo d;
But then , thought he, no harm, I'm sure,
Can happen to the goo d.

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6. So, calling all his courage up,
He to the monster went;
And, cager through the dismal gloom,
His piercing eyes he bent.

',,

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7. And when he came well nigh the ghost
That gave him such a fright,
He clapped his hands upon his side,
And loudly laughed outright.

r
~~

8. For 'twas a friendly guide-post stood,

His wandering steps to guide ;
And thus he found, that to the goo d
No evil could betide.
9. Ah well , thought he, one thing I 'vc learned, ·
Nor shall I soo n forget;
Whatcycr frightens me again,
I '11 march straight up to it.

10. And when I hear an idle tale
Of monster or of ghost,
I ']] tell of thi s, my lonely walk ,
And one ta ll , white g uid e-p ost.

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47

Oll THINGS TAUGHT.

XI.-SPRIKG.

1. " SrRI::rn, "here arc you ·waiting no\\?
Why arc you so long unfelt?
·winter went a month ago,
·when the snows began to melt."
2. "I am cornin g, li ttle maiden,
With the pleasant sunshine laden;
·with the honey for the bee,
w·ith the blossom for the tree ,
·with the fl ower, and with the lea f:
Till I come the time is brief.
3. "I am comin g, I am coming:
Hark! the little bee is humming:
. See, the lark is soaring high ,
ln the bright and sunn y sky ;
All the birds arc on the wing :
Little maiden, now is Spring.

4. "See the yellow cowslips cover
All the slender willows over ;
And on mossy banks of green
Star-like primroses are seen ;
And, their modest leaves below,
White and purple violets blow.

5. "Hark! the little lambs are bleating,
And the cawing rooks are meeting
In the elms, a noisy crowd;
All the bi1:ds arc sin gin g loud,
And the first white butterfly
In the sun goes flittin g by.

/

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OBJECT LESSON S ,

OR TIII X G S TA U G H T .

6. " Little maiden, look ar ound thee,
Green and flowery field s surround thee:
Every little stream is bright,
All the orchard trees arc white,
And each small and waving sh oo t
H as fo r thee swee t fl ower or fruit.

5. His littl e lord shi p furi ous grew,
F or he was proud and hasty too ;
" I 'll brea k yo ur bones," h e rudely cri e5.
While fir e fl ashed forth from both his eyes.

7. " Turn thine eyes to ear th an d heaven ;
C+0d fo r t11ee tlH' Sprin g hn ~ gi v<'n ;
80 mays t tho u 'mid ]Jlc;;sings 1lw cll ;
Little maiden, fare th ee well. "

XII.- THE LITTLE LORD AND THE F ARMER.

G. No w heedless quite which way h e too k,
H e tumbled plump into the br ook ;
A nd as h e fe ll , he Jost h is hat,,
And nex:t h e droppe d h is bca,-cr lw t.
7. "Come , h elp 111 e out," enra ge d, h e cried ;
But the stunl y fa rmer thus r eplictl:
"Alter your to ne, my lit tle man,
And then I '11 help yo u all I ca n.

1. A LITTI,E lord , enga.ged in play,
Carel essly threw his ball away;
So far beyond the brook it flew,
His lordship kn ew not what to do.

8. " There are few things I would not dare,
For gentlemen, who speak me fa ir;
But for i·u.de wonls, I do not choose
To wet my fe et, and soil my sh oes."

2. B y chance, there passed a farm er's boy,

9 " Please h elp me out," his lordshi p said ;
" I'm sorry I was so ill-bred. "
" 'Tis all forgo t," r eplied the boy,
And gave his h and with honest joy.

Whistling a tune in childish joy ;
His fro ck was patched, his hat was old ,
But his manly heart was very bold.

3. " You little chap, pi ck up my ball! "
His saucy lordship loud did call;
H e thought it useless to be poli te
To one whose clothes were in such a plight.

10. The offered h and his lordship too k,
And soon came safely fr om the bro ok ;
His looks were downcast and aside,
For he felt ash amed of his silly pride.

4. " D o it yo urself, for wan t of me,"
The boy repli ed, qui te manfull y;
Th en r1uic tl y he passed along,
·w hi stling aloud hi s fa vor ite so ng .

11. The farmer brought his ball and bat,
And wiped the wet from his dripping h at;
A nd mildl y said, as he went away,
" R emember the lesson you 've lea rned to-day.
'l' llINGS T A1'll l!T.-4

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O R TIIIXG .' TArf,IIT.

OBJECT L ESSONS,

12. " l3 e kind to all you ch ance to meet,
In field, or la ne, or crowded street;
An ger and pride arc both u nwise;
Vinegar never catches fli es."

Xllf.-TllE wrmcK OF THE llESl'EIWS.

l. I T was the schooner H esperus,
Tl1 :1! :-::1iln l il n: \'iitd !' \' '.'"1 · : 1 :
And the skipper h aJ take11 hi ~ li ttle d:rnµ: h ter

T o bear him co mpany.
2. Blue were h er eyes as the fa iry flax,
H or ch eeks like the chnrn of clay,
A nd h er bosom white as the h awth orn buds
Th at ope in the month of May.

The snow fell hissing into the brin e,
And the billow R fro th ed like yeast.
7. Down came the storm an d smo te a mai n,
'rhe vcsse.l in i ts streng th;
She shuddered and paused , li ke a fri ghted stcccl ,
'l'hen leaped h er cable"s length .
8. " Corne hither! come hi ther! my littl e daughter,
l c:11 1 wcatl tt •r 1111: r " 11.c:·ltc·:'t .:.:·:iii·
That cYcr ' r in d did Ll ow."

f ur

!J. Ile wrapped her warm in hi s sea man 's coat
Against the sti ng ing bla st;
H o cut a rope from a broken spar ,
And bound h er to the mast.

3. The sk ipper h e stood beside th e h elm ,
·with his pipe within his mouth ,
A nd watched how the veerin g flaw did blow
The smoke, now west, now south .

10. " 0 father! I h ear the chureh-Lells rin g,
0, say, what may it be?"
""r is a fog -bell on a rock-L ouncl coast!"
A nd h e steered fo r the open sea.

4. 'rhen u p and spake an old sai lor,
Wh o had sa il ed the Spanish Main:
" I pray thee, put into yo nder port,
For I fear a hurricane.

11. " 0 fath er! I h ear the so und of g uns,
0, say, what may it be?"
" Some ship in distress, that can not live
In such :m angry sea !"

5. " Last ni ght, the moon had a golden rin g,
And to-n igh t no moon we sec !"
The ski pper, he blew a whiff from his p ipe,
And a scornful laugh laugh ed h e.

12. "0 fath er! I sec a gleamin g light,
0, say, wh at may it be?"

G. Colder a11d loucler blew th e wind ,
:\ ;_,·a le from the bleak " " rtl1 1';i st ;

13. Lash ed to the h elm all stiff and stark ,
·with hi s fa ce upturn ed to the ski c,;,

1I

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But the father answere d never a word ,
F or a frozen corpse wa s he.

i

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OBJECT LESSONS,

The lantern gleamed through the gleaming snow
On his fixed and glassy eyes.

'

To see the form of a maiden fair
Lashed close to a driftin g mast.

14. Then the maiden clasped her hands and prayed,
That rescued she might be;
And she thought of Christ, who stilled the wave
On pie lake of Galilee.

21. 'l'he salt sea was frozen on her breast,
The salt tears in her eyes;
And he saw her hair , like the browu ~ c:iwc e 1l ,
On the billows fall and ri se.

15. And fast through the midnight dark and drear,

22. Such was the wreck of the H esperus,
Tn the midni ght, nnd the snow!

Through the whistling Rleet an9. snow,
L ike a ~ h ecicLl g h Ds L, ll1e yc,;,;e] ~ \H: p L
'.l'oward the reef of N orrnan 's \Voe.
lG. And eyer the fitful gusts between
A sound came from the land;
It was the sound of the trampling surf,
On the rocks and the hard sea-sand.

17. The breakers were right beneath her bows,

f:'I

OR THIXGS TAUGHT.

She drifted a dreary wreck,
And a whooping billow swept the crew
Like icicles from her deck.

18. She struck where the white and fleecy waves
Looked soft as carded wool,
But the cruel rocks, they gored her side,
Like the horns of an angry bull.

19. The rattling shrouds, all sheathed in ice,
With the masts went by the board;
Like a vessel of glass, she strove and sank,
" Ho! ho ! " the breakers roared !
20. A t daybreak , on the bleak sea-beach,
A fi sherman stood aghast,

---

\'liri ~t s:11· c u ' :il l fr"111 a dl':ii h l ikl· tiii, ,

On the ree l' of

::'ru n11 ~u1 '"

W11 L' .

XIV.-Tim LEAP FO It L LFE.

1. OLD Ironsides at anchor lay
In the harbor of I\Iahon ;
A dead calm rested on the bayThc waves to sleep had go ne.
2. Then little Jack, the captain's son ,
With gallant hardihood,
Climbed shroud and spar-and then upon
The main-truck rose and stood!
3. A shudder ran through eYery veinAll eyes were turn ed on high ;
There stood the boy, with dizzy braiu ,
Between the sea and sky!
4. No hold had h e nboYe-below;
Alon e he stood in air!
At tha t far l1i ght none dared to goNo aid co nld reach him th ere.

53

54

OBJECT LESSONS,

5. \Ve gaz ed, but not a man could speak;
With horror all aghast,
In groups, with pallid brow and cheek,
\Ve watched the quivering mast.
6. The atmosphere grew thick and hot,
And of a lurid hue,
As, rivet.eel un to the ·spot,
Stood officers and crew .
7. T he r,,1 11cr «:llllC 111 1 dc.. k !_ _ Jic 2·:1 , pcd -" 0 uod ! thy will be done ! "
Then suddenly a rifle grasped,
And aimed it at his so n.

8. " Jump! far out, boy! into the waveJump, or I fire!" he said;
"That only chan ce your life can save!
Jump-jump, boy! "-He obeyed.
9. He sunk , h e rose, he lived, he moveclAnd for th e ship struck out!
On board we hailed the lad beloved ,
With man y a manly shout.
10. Ilis father drew, in silent j oy,
Those wet arms round his neck
Then fo ld ed to his heart t he boy , '
And fainted on the deck.

OR T H I );GS T Al.: G HT.

CHAPTER IV.
STORIES TO l3E J\L\DE F R O ~I ELE~!E~T S .
RE:UARKS.-In the previous Chapte r, all th e th ought
or material has been supplied to th e pupil. H e wa s
rc11u ircLl al fi1>i tu r<'J• l«,,l11«v it. " ' 11 c;irl .1 ~'. " i"' ' 'iL!,.
in the form in which he fouml it; an d, in the nc:>:t
place, h e 1rns required to write it in a modifie Ll sh ape.
In this Chap te r, h e is to take on ly th e essentia l por tions of the mate ri al from the book, arnl furni sh t he
cement, and build them into such fo rm as may acco rd
best with th e material s.
Herc the pupil must exe rcise his reason and hiH imagination, in ord er to fill up the dim outlin es shadowed
fort.h. H e will be co mpell ed to think , and will, unco nsciously, acquire the h abit of describin g '\\·hat. he secs,
is told , or thinks; and thus, composition-writing will
beco me as easy to him as talking .

FIRST SECTION .
ARTICLE XXIIL
J.-TFIE HEK.
BRID GE T'S house, come h en, uelong neig hbor.
Bridget catch, lock room, ge t eggs. R ext d:Ly

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OBJECT LESSONS,

OR THIXGS TA"C'GHT.

eggs, but cackle. Neighbor h ear, take back.
Give Bridget presents no mo1·e; consid ered thief.
Ill-gotten goods not prosperity .

VI.-THE PU?IIPKJN AKD 'l'HR ACORN.

56

t.:ii.'
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II.-THE YINEYAlW.

FATHER di e, call sons, say: "Leave nothin,,. but
.
d . 'I' reasure m;
.
b'
vrneyar
dig, find." After death
dig diligent; no gold, no silve r. Han'es t rich'.
Diligte11cte tl'ca:;u1·e.

BEE foll nver. Pigeon see, pick ltaf~ throw.
Bee s>vim, esca~e. Another time, pigeon quiet
tree. Hunter aim. Bee see, sting hunter, bullet miss, pigeon :fly, save. Kindness repaid.
I
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FARl\IER lay shade oak-tree; look pumpkinvine, grow fence garden.
Shake head, say:
"Dislike; little vine, large fruit; big oak, little
acorn. I world create, otlterwise, strong tree,
large pumpkins."
Hardly say, acorn fall, 11it nose, bleeLling.
Farmer frightened, jump, exclaim: " Glad acorn
no pnrnpkin ; for no~c hrcak, 11c:1 rl t"n ."
\ -J 1.-Tl fE

l l L-Hlm AND l'lUEOX.

l Y.-'l'HE IllRDS.

SPRING, mother, children, go brook. There
birds, drink. Pious mother, say: "vVhenever
birds drink, look heaven. Do same; cat, drink,
look h eave n, pray."
Y.-OX AND AS8.

Ox and ass quarrel, who wisest. Neith er yield·
agree li on decide. Come throne, king animal s:
smiling look both, say: "Both fnn ls." Astonish,
aslta111ecl , g·r1.

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57

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FATHER, son go night, woods, hom e. .Dark,
storm, clouds. Son fear, go astray. Father sn,y:
"Vl ait, till stars." Soon stars; father point which
direction home. Son astonished, how by stars
find way on earth. Father explai n, North sta,r
point. After midnight home. May \\-e always
guilled heavenly stars; never lose righ t way.
VIII.-THE LIZAIW.

PooR mother, children, go gather herbs. Children field s ; mother, ruins castle. Eliza scream,
mother run ; was lizard, Eliza think serpeut.
·w hile mother comfort, ruins fall. Mother say:
"By lizard save life." God's providence.
JX.-WOHK JS HEALTHY.

HENRY'S parentR rich; got wi sh; child pamper.
PareiJts di e; H en r_y to uncl e country. Not like

.....

/

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50

OBJECT LES S ONS,

011. THI NGS TAUGHT.

it; mu st work; m eager food, early up. Soon
good consequences. Not sick, pale; healthy,
strong, r ed ch eek. .\lf ork lock door physician.

p each, h a nd kern el. ··want eat, again dccei Ye.
Experience u seful, if teach and u se r eason.

58

I,
I I

XJIT.-'l'HE PLEA8URE TRIP.
X.-THE FIREMAN.

!/
.I;

CITY fire, little chil<l, flam es ; danger burn.
Mother_ scream. Mayor ofter hundred dollars
s~ve cluld. Nobody dare; but fireman rush sav
~· 1·c h. ::1]•]•\'
·
!1
e,
.-'
llili '" '"
'\h" )' l ··
' ! I l \' \ . . ' l"
~
" i ) \( l 11 U
. j J' L\ llla U l' Cflt6e 6' lV • " not Se ll j ' f '
"
•
'
' J •
·
·
i e money; do duty
conscience r eward; family lose al l, give."
'
•

•

' •I { 1

Tun.EE so ns, rich parents, save mon ey ; permission, m ake pl easu re t rip. Sta rt, h ope sec cit ies,
curiosities. Hardly some miles, perceive Yill agc
on ii.re. Inhabitants cng:cg cd, put ot:t ; J :c~1 scs con:--1111t1..:d .

'J'J 1l'1 '\.' .. : ~i 1

1~

i1 l1 lT .\.

; ~.: .-· ; . : ~- .

l_

1

t' •··; ~1' i~1 : !·~ \- .

But t hey go l' astor, l1a11c l 111oncy, s :1y : ·' l>i\'iil l',
p oo r, hou ses burn ." A im pl casm c t rip attain cL1,
e nj oy satisfaction. Return h om e, r elate pa rc11 t~,
bless. Church, Yillagcrs offer prayer fo r tlt cm.

XL-DO NOT STEAL.

b FISHERMAN send boy Otto ma1·l·
' '- ct , s c11 carps ·
. oy st~al carps, pond n eighbor. N cighbor's la·d;
i ccog mzc; Otto carry prison. Steal acra1·11 ..
1.
'o'
, rnn '-ecper
r ecogmze
fish; 1muish ed Lb
acra1·n
Stea I
•
•
'
'
aga111; neighbor
recocr
nize.
Otto
l
f'
~
o
· ,
1ouse o r ef-.
. I b or
uge. Astonished, how find out., told , n e1cr1
0
l carps, clip fin.
mar<
XlT. - EXPERIENCE MAKES WISE

Two boys walk; nut-tree find llUt r · 1
One b
'
, c1v1ce.
oy open, 1eave ch oice othe r in sid e or out.
si de . O n t sic
· 1c rep ly. never see ' nut
n .
'l" ] - · f cl ]
·
'
·
\ CCCIV e,
' ., "-'
111
c ccc1 vc . Say next iviscr C t'
. . t·.
on rnn c
.walk,
. p each- tree ' find 1·.,:.1ch
• · . Tli 1s
rn1 e sav. I
lll " J (1('
)' I
t
.
j
T
'
•
.
' . o l ou ,;1r e.
N cl I, reply <.:o mrnd c ;• eat

I

XIV.-'l'HE ?>!ISER PU);' JSHED .

MISER lo se pock e t-book thon saml dollars. AL1vertise fi nder, $100 r ew n.rcl. roor youn g man
find, return . M iser h appy, lrnt when asked re·
ward, cry : "Thi ef; $1100 pocket-book; $100
stolen; away or arrest."
Young m a n go judge. This perceive m iser's
injustice ; send for. Judge ask : "How mu ch
pocket-book? "
M iser r eply, "$1100; S\Ycar."
Judge address young man: "Honest man; wi sh
j oy; thi s yours ; for here $1000, in miser's $1100."
XV.-ONE OR THE OTHETI.

I N tim es Henry IV, kin g of France, peasa11t
ride Pa ri s. Nea.r city m oot rid er ; wa,; kin g-, tr: 1i11

60

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leave behind. King ask : "Whence, business
Paris." P easant: "Yes, and wi sh see king."
King smile: "No difficulty." Peasant: "If only
kn ow wh o, many surro und." K ing: "Watch,
who k eep hat on, wh en others un cove r."
'l'hus ride Paris, good conversation, peasant
satisfied. But see, wind ows ope n, streets filling,
heads un cover. Peasant: "Eith er you or I king ;
fo r we r etain hat." King smil e : "I; fea r not ;

1

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OBJECT L ESSONS,

~

/,

I!

l1or;-;c :0 lal1 k; 1l1 e 11 cas tle c o1 11<_', d i11\', :111d :' l1<ii1·

son."

OR T HING S TAUGHT .

J acob.
Emily.
J acob.
Emily.
J acob.

Gl

Kitchen, honey, bread.
Servant, window.
Cellar, apples.
True, dark, Goel see.
Right; God's eyes su n-rays.
XVIIJ.-THE APPLE THIEF.

GEORGE, neighbor' s garden, apples, ground .
-xTc.'
~ \ 1.-n·h l•n
. r ., l•rn- f' " cape. l'oc kct prc \'l'Itl. ,.\ J'J •k.-; h: ick , ' 1·l 1i11•

c d , f·..
l. «, ·11 cc -l it> l t ·, " l c~i l ; ·fi1ll l ' n··l-

XIX.-'l'Frn PRECIOUS PLA.i\T.

,,
I

ARTICLE XXIV.

SERVANT airl s market, h eavy baskets. On e
b
'
' ,l?"
O'l'Umble,
other
bugh.
"vVhy laug 1·1, not tirec
.
0
1 easy." " .1.,
l\T ame 'f. "
"Pa' "No, plant basket, mace
tie nee."

XVI.-THE FLOWER8.

XX. - INDUSTRY.

1 ',

SECOND

S l~C TION.

ANNA, morning, Spring, village, m eadow, flo\v- .
ers, bouquet. Near h edge, pinks. Joy. There
peasant: "Hedge, serpents." Anna fright. But
anxiou s flowers. Serpent bite. Hours gi rl corpse.
Master thyself !
XVJ l.-GOD'8 EYE EVERY WHEHE.

JAcon, Em ily, hom e.
.Jacob. Get good thing s ; pantry cream.
E 111i{y. :\ 1 ~ i ~· l tl io 1·, bring 11·ood, sec.

.---

PooR Niclas, hut surround, trees, roots.

N ot
cultivate ; lazy, sh ade, lay. Neighbor pass, wagon, sheaf. N iel as envy. N eighbo1: : "vVork,
ri ch· wilderness fielJ." ~T ake acl vice. Work
lrnrv~st, bread fam ily. Idleness suffer; indu stry
plenty.
XXI.-BE OF YJELDJNG 'l'Ei\lPER.

'rwo O'Oats narrow path, abyss. "Go back,
b
'
'
•
r oom one." "Not yielcl.' 1 Quarrel, figh t h orns,
lose b~ilan c e, down abyss, both k illed .

0 R T H I X (', S T A l r lr H T .

XXll.-CRICKET AKD BUTTERFLY.

XXV!l-TIIG COCK.

Cmc1rn:r envy butterfly. B oys come catch.
Cricket: "Beauty trouble, ·satisfied lot." Not
covet!

lady, cock crO\Y, wake 1;e n·ants .
These kill cock. Vv orse. Not kn o\V ti me, lady
midnig ht send work.

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Li '.)

0 BJ ECT LESSONS,

G2

FAR~rnR's

XXlII.-RA VEN AND FOX.

HAVEN tree, piece of cheese. Fox, hunger, :flat: "1 J1rn1agc like eagle; it' Yoil: C, ni cc,;t ]J i rel."
Raven tickle vanity, voice Jiear; drop cheese.
Fox catch, run, deride fool. No :fla ttery.
1el'

1

XXl V.-BHO'l'HElt'S LOVB.

RrcH father die; fortune <li vide tliree sons.
War; two lose every thing. Third saved: "Divide again; I rich; you poor, never."
XXV.-THE BEE.

BEE fly garden, honey. Gardener: "Poison
some flovv ers." Dee: "Leave in." So you with
bad men; use good, leave bad.
XXVI.-HONESTY.

\VAR, captain company, foraging expedition.
Come farmer's house: "\Vhere field oa.ts?"
Farmer willing show. Reach nice field . "No:
pass." Come mile further: "Here forage." Don e.
Capt:1in: " .Why not first fie lcl ? thi s f'ar. " Irarmer: "Yirst not mine, thi s 11ti1t e."

XXVJIL-THE BREAD.

FA~rr :\E . l~ icli lll~lll , 11r111r cl1ild1·c11, ht:-d~d l1rl':1d.
Children fight, larger piece; go, no thank. l'oor,
good Fanny, not fi ght; smallest breacl. Next rlay
sam e thine:. Fanny smallest. llcr mother break,
money in.' . " Bring back, n ot ours." Good man :
"On purpose put. Blessed, prefer small est, than
quarrel."

XXlX.-FLlES A::\D i:iPIDERS.

YouNG prince : "vVhy Goel create fli es, spiders,
ugly, useless?" Soon war. Prince tir~d; woods
sleep. Enemy come, kill prince. Fly stick cheek;
lJrince awake, escape danger. Hide cave.
En emy search. Spider, cobweb, ent ran ce cave.
Enemy: "Not th ere, cobweb n ot tom ." ~o
away; prince knees, e rror acknow ledge, aclnnre
wisdom, thank.
XXX.-RICHES.

Poo1i younO' man, to former teach er complain
I:>
poverty; enYy
good luck schoolm ates. 'l' eacl1er
reproach. "Health?" "Y cs." "Strong hand,

..

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64

OBJECT LESSONS,

cut off for $1000?" "No." "Eyes, see, sell for
"E ars, h ear voice
money?." "God "01·b1"d."
l'
friends, exchange?" " Certainly not." " Well,
no complaint: possess things, exchange for no
amount."
XXXI.-STRANGE MEAL.

RrcH merchant invite friends, sea-fish. At table instead fish es, plate, golrl pieces. Astonished.
::\Icrchant : " Fi sli es eost g old J>i cct•s; poo r man
sil!k; instead spc m1ing luxuri es, send pool' mau.
If not pleased, send fish pl'epal'c." All pleased;
add gold pieces; poor, help winter.
«

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

65

THIRD SECTION.
REMARK TO TEACHERS.-Let the T eacher instruct the
pupil how to date, address, sign, and direct a letter;
let him read in school the best letters written by the
pupils, as an encouragement, and occasionally dictate a
lcttn, :i s a mui.k l fu r itnpruH' lll C11t.

ARTICLE XXV.
LE'rTERS.

!

XXXII.-THE WISE SERVANT.

I.

RrcH man always grumble. Once home dinner, table not set, quarrel faithful old servant.
Soup come; too hot; angry, rich man throw into
yard soup-bowl.
Servant bring meat; see what master do; he
throw meat, wine, bread, napkin, in yard too.
Rich man scold. Servant think, eat iri. yard;
air fresh, flower bloom, bird sing. "Rich man
smile, shame; reward faithful servant; henceforth kind and good."

JOHN RICHARDS has insulted his friend J a.mes
Wells, at a game of ball in the neighbor's garden. He begs his pardon, and hopes they will be
friends again. ..
II.

JAMES WELLS answers, that he is ready to forgive and to forget, and invites John Richards to
spend the next holiday with him at his father's
country-seat, where they will have various sports.
III.

!

i

RICHARD BELL was shown by his fri end , Adolph
King, a new ruler, with some great irnpro\'ern ents made by the join er, James. Ri ch ard
Tl!lNGS T Al,' (l!l T.-

--

5

66

l!

..j:',

OBJECT LES S ONS,

w?t'.ld like to get such a rul er. His parents are
'nllrng to pay fo r it. Not knowing j oiuer J ames,
h e Legs Adolph to order a rul er for him and he
will remit the outlay.
'
IV.

~\..n o r.ru K ING answers, that h e feels happy in
berng able to be of som P. Re.rvice to his friend
The ruler is ordered; will hP. Rent hy mail· Rieb~
.
'
:in l ca11 l>;ty iltu 111011oy 11·li c 1t Jw c ome .~ tu tU\l' ll.

OR THI NGS TAUGHT.

67

VIL

JorrN STRATTO~ informs his parents, that in hi s
sch ool h e had been promoted to a highe r grade;
gives a description of what h e h ad learn ed dmiug
the past year, and of the co urse of st nc1y to be
pursued next year; writes of the sati sfact ion of
his various teachers, and b egs permi ssion to return home during vacation .
VllL

v.
JANE IYILSTACK, the niece of Mary D avis, is in
the country, but neglects to write to Mary. This
~ne .begs he1~ to .write very soon, and to give her
fnll rnformat10n m regard to the h ealth of h erself
h er paren~s, and relations; about her garden and
l~e r playtlnn?s. Mary's mot her i ~ . sick, and, therefo re, Mary is unable to write a Jon"" lette r· yet
she hopes for a long and speedy ans~er.
'
VJ.

. J ~ NE IVILSTACK feels sorry th at Mary's mother
JS. sick, ancl h opes she will soo n recover.
She
~1ves a fn'.l description of th e happy and agreeable
t:m e sh e is spending in the country, and of her
little garden and playthings. Her famil y is well
a nd ' rnul d be happy if Ma ry a ncl h c1· m othe:.
'Youlcl come to see them in tl1c country.

\.VILLIA:\I STnATTo:-<, th e fat her, rcpli c::<, tliat tl1c
par ents are hi g hl y plra i;;r.cl "·itlt th e trau smitt cll
certificates; they 1ikc t o see J oh n at home, and
promise hi.m, during vacation, various entertainm ents. Good and di Ii gen t children dese rve to be
r ewarded an cl encouraged.
IX.

J ouN POWERS writes to his sch oolnrn,tc, Philip

Doherty, who, du ring vacation, has to stay in
town. He expresses his regret at thi s, and describes the pleasure he enjoys in orchards, vin eyards, and trips down the river; invites Lim to
come for a few days.

x.
PHILIP DOHERTY would accept th e iuvitation;
but, as h e was 11 ot promoted, h e in te nd s to study

... ~

68
l '
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i'

OilJECT LESSONS,

during vacation, and prepare himself to pass a
new examination, and be again in the same class
with John. He is determined to make up for his
deficiency; and, by his promotion, will feel fully
compensated for all the pleasures of which he is
at present deprived.

OR THINGS TA U GHT .

69

XVI.
THE mother ans\\· crs, that sh e \Yill se ml one by
Adams' Express, and hopes that Lucy will work
diligently with, and make good use of it.

XL

XVIT.

EllIIL BONSELL, writing to his friend, Francis
Reeves, gives a description of the :Fourth of Jn ly.

MARTIN Il ow EKAllr r, th e scl10olrn atc of Ern est
\Vern er, kts, by swimming, san d a clii \Ll from
drowning. Ernest begs hi s father to allow him
to learn to swim.

XII.

JESSE NEWTON informs his fri end, Charles Harding, that he has made himself a little workshop; his parents bought him the tools; he likes
to improve in workmanship, and promises to send
to Charles severn,l presents he manufactured for
him.
XIII.

CHARLES HARDING replies, and asks a description of the tools, and their uses.

XVlJJ. ·

ERNEST'S fath er r eplies, that he gladl y g rants
him tlie desired permission, becau se swimming is
l1ealtliy and usejnl; gives some little stori es about
persons saved. from drnwning by swimming; and
aclcls, that be has written to Ern es t's principal
to enter him at once in the swimming class.
XIX.

XIV.

'
I

JESSE NEWTON gives him, in a second letter, a
full description.

xv.

i .I

''

Lucy IRwrn, writing- from th e boardi110'- school
v
'
begs h er moth er to buy her a sewing-m achine, as
each of h er cla ssmn,tcs has 011 c.
l..J

MARY vVn,LIAMS congratulates her moth er ()Jl
New Y ear's clay. She first thanks God fo l' all tlie
good received during the past year; th en thanks
her mother for all h er love and benefit s. Th oug h
still unabl e to show her gratitude by ac tions, slie
will prove it by dili gence and obedi ence. She
prays to God th a t h e will bl ess her moth er, nncl
grant her many yeal's of life n11c1 happin ess.

70

;

71

OBJECT LESSONS,

OH. THI NGS TAUGIIT.

xx.

do>vn. H e r ejoices that no lives were lost. H e
ofI:ers him his ser vices, and means for rebuildiu g
the hou se.
As James was wrong in not in surin g hi s h ouse,
h e aclmonish es him to in sure th e ucw builcling
h ereaftee. Hoping that Goel will protect him
again st further misfor tun e, h e encourages him to
ti-u st in the sympathy of his friends.

I'

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A NDREW Cox co ng ratulates his father on his
birthdn.y, wi shing mn.ny happy r et urn s, promising
to pl ease him, n.ncl to sh ow himself worthy of all
the benefits b estowed upon him.

I,!

Ii

XXL

I !1

Hi
· . ii

.

( 11

!~ .

THOMAS KELLY, a fa rmer, >nites to his frieut1.
Gec\rc:"· J .a11< . i11 lb· .-i l.1· " f' C'-- - , tu ~ 1. ·1 11.l l1i11;
tlneo or fou r gooll lrnuJB to work on his fa rm.
He lrns boug ht seve ral n.cres, which have to be
cultivated, and hence he n eeds m ore m en.
A s, in tho L;iLy, e migrnnb a re t.:vuLiHually a rri ving from Germany and Ireland, seeking employm ent, h e b egs him to take the trouble of selecting
so m e good h n,nds-h e himself being always r eady
1
to r eciprocate favors.

' r

XXJI.

'

!
!

GEORGE LEwrs r epli es, that h e will eagerly seize
e very opportunity in whi ch h e can be useful to
hi s friend . H e ha.cl a dver t ised in th e p apers for
several hand s; m any bud call ed, but h e h ad selected the best. He will se nd them off in a fe w
days, by railroad , and hopes his fri end will be
sati sfied with the selectio n h e has made.
XXJll.

l\fo nnrn J •~ c l\EL has rca<l, in t h e pap er, tlrnt th e
of lii s i'l'i encl , .T:rn h' C: A llyn, wn s bn rn ed

h 01 1 ~ 0

X~ I

\· .

JAME S ALLYN, r eplying, first g i1·es a description
of the fire ; th en th anks 11im for hi s sym p ath y,
and the ge110r0:;iLy \I l1id1 lie Lupe:; nut i.0 11 et.:Ll.
Yet, if obli ged to demv on any fri end, will call on
Morri s Eckel first.

xxv.
GEORGE vVooDWAB.D writes to his uncle in the
army, that h e h as just received a beautiful present from his teach e r, as a r eward of merit for
p erfect r ecitations and correct deportment.
XXVl.

Hrs un cle is highly gratified t o lea rn h e h as
been the r ecipient of so valuable a g ift; and
h opes b e will con tinue to apply him self to his
studi es.
Writes him of his t edious march es, the dan ge es he h as escaped, and the defeat and capture
of a num ber of th e enem y .

72

OB.J E CT LESSONS,

OR THI N GS TA UG HT.

73

XX VII.
NELLIE JONES r eceives an invitation from h er
aunt,. who resides in the country to spend h er
va cat10n with her. She describ,es h er g arden
and ~o wers, th e pony she can have to ride and
pronuses her a laro·
· t h e grove near' h er
oe par tY 111
110usc, and names many other amu se ments.

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xx r 111.

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is delighted with the id ea of spendin
a• few
w·eeks
away from t he cib·
A ccep t.s thge
••
•
.1 •
11n1tat1011
and
l1u•>
e··
I·
1
t
·11
•
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ie · aun w1 attend her
exannnat10n.
She is to read
.
' a co rnpos1.t.10 11, an d
p1 esent her t eacher with a silver goblet in behalf
of h er schoolmates.
H er fri end, Fannie Ston e, is t o leave school.
she g oes to E1wland · h ~r classmates are to giv~
b
'
her a very hand some Bible, as a token of their
love and est ee m.
NELLIE

f
i

PART SECOND.

CHAPTE R V.

RE:l!AnKs T O T EAc mms.-This Chapte r contains OlJj cct Les·
6o ns of ::t higher order. It is n ot intend ed fo r imparti ng to
th e pupil a full kn o,dedgc of th e ::tnim :il or ycgc tablc kin gdom, but merely to give him the fuml amcntal outlin es th ereof.
It is d esigned to tea ch him h ow to observ e and ~tn cly, as
well as how to collec t info rmation, and lay it up fo r h is om1
use.
By thi s preparatory instru ction, h owcyer, h e will acq uir e
a large store of knowl edge, whi ch will be hi ghly use ful to
him in after life ; and, by b eing r equired to "Ti te on the
various lesso ns of th is Chapte r, h e will develop and exercise all his intellectual fac ulties, :rnd rap idly improve in
composition-writin g.
L et th e 'l'e:icher prepare hini self d ilige n tly and co nscient iously fo r eYcry lesso n, applyi ng to all ava ilable sour ces of
in fo rm ation for fa cts with whi ch to illustrate and ex pl ain th e
var io us subj ects in t roduced; fo r h ere h e has to instruct, as th e
)Jest pupil can not collect th e materi al without the as s is tan cc
of tt safe guide. But every pup il, if once taught h ow to
h andle this materi al, will th en easily proceed to his own sa tisfaction and tlmt of his teacher .
Explain th oroughly, th e General lessons, preceding th e Yari·
ous Arti cles, in order that th e pupil may learn to cl istingui sh
th e spec ial ti es belongin g to th e d ifferent k ingdoms of ~ at ure.

f,i

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74

OBJECT LESSONS I

l·

OR 'l'IIINGB 'l'AUGilT.

75

QuArxrrES :-Lazy, slow, the eye me lancholy, rum1-

ii

!

ARTICLE XXVI.
OF 'l'IIE ANIMAL K I NGDOM.

i

QUADRUPEDS .

na ting.
MEA:\'S O~' DEFE:-ISE: L'SE :-Pulling, mea t , faL milk,
butter, cheese, skin , h orns, hair, vaccination, etc .

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I-GENERAL LESSON.
IV.-'l'IIE SllEEP.
\\' li nt is an animal ? Describe its vol t
·
· un ary moveme r t . f' d
' b, oo . ' sense, in stinct life hi o·J1 t
.·
f ]' J'
'
'
b
, coverrn"' manner
~ '. c, mean s anc~ method of maintenance, pl:~e ~f so .iou1 'n. n.-.c. rP
c·1tion
..
; ,. <']»" a<·. 1fi
~
.
, lili'-L 1·J.L1e~.
rn Prn1~ of dr fcn:::c,
ll l!J11:w r o f }llllli,~· Olle:-:, u s e. Cle .

JL-DESCRIBE 'l'IiE HORSE.

PRINCIPAL p A ltTS
. ...- H.ca d' neck, nuup le«s tail
COLOR .· Bay
' b etc
'
•
' , cl ies t nut, roan, gray sorrel
G·ENDER·. -Ji'\''[ ascu l'm e, "°ieminine.
'
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PLACE OF ABODE :-Prairies fi ld d
FooD ·-C . "'. .
' e s, esert, etc.
01 n, o rass, hay, oats, etc.
·
·where arc the best and finest h orses found?
QUALITIES ·-Pr d f: · If I
·
ou ' . a1t l u' coura geo us, neig hs, sees
in the d · k '.
well fed.ar ' I un s fa s t, improves in form and beau ty if

PRINCIPAL PARTS :-Head, h orn s, rump , legs, tail, etc .
COLOR: GENDER: rLA CE OF AJJODE.
Q L .\.LITII:S :- P a ti ent, cov.·:i1: :~1y , fo':' ~ i ~: ~ l.
\\'h at .J ,_. d ll ri 11.'-!· ;i I l111 11dc·r :-- l '1rJ 11 ·(
FOOD :-Ura~s, J11 o uulai11 - lt c; rL> ~, ~a l t - pLt11 b, salt .
How do es the food differ in summer and winter?
UsE :-"\¥" ool , skin, meat, fat, h orn, manure.
Give a desc ripti on of the
CAT,
Doa,
l\IULl',,
ELEPHANT,

bites, strikes with its
iorscs and wolves.
\ var; d nvrn
· · g, plow, carts, boats can
body ' of the t ai'] ,s k'11J.
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lIL-THE OX AND 'l'HE COW.

PRJNCTPAT• .P,\Jl'rs·
. . .-H ea d , horns, rump. tai l le"'s etc
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o >
C
rr1g·I1 t.,•
. O T. OH·. GF...:\' IJ f.B .. PLACF., OF ABODE: FOOD
·
I1a1r, c tr .

DEER.,
GOAT,
MousE,
HYENA.

Does the pupil kn ow any stories about these animals ?

for:r~::~~ o~. ~E}l•' ENSE :-Kicks,
' p1 a111 e
UsE ·-Uidin"'
•
•
b>
nons; hair of the

J~ION,

HARE,
CAMEL,
SQUIRREL,

BIRDS.
V.-'l'IIE COCK AND HE:N.
PRINCIPAL PARTS :-Head , eyes, ears, bill, rump , tail,
win gs, legs.
GENDER : COLOR: EGGS: FOOD : USE: DAJIIAGE.
QUALITIES :-'rhe co ck walks slowly, pr oudly , fli es
b oltll y, crows, and fi ghts: the h e n humble, voi ce , co nuition whi le laying and h atching eggs, care for h er
ch ie kens.

76

OBJECT LESSON S ,

OR THINGS T.Al.JGHT.

77

Give a description of the

VI.-THE PIGEON.

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TURTLE,

PRINCIPAL PARTS :-As above; color, abode, food,
eggs, vari ous kinds, hi ght, covering.
QUALITIES :-'l'imorous, shy; leave their dove-cots,
why? like to live in company, in high cots.
U se and damage. Carrier pigeons.

Cn .. w ,
llOBIN,
EAGLE,
CONDOR,
PARROT,

Ow 1,,

f' ll C \ ~_ \\T,

D UC K,
GoosE,
TURKEY,
0 STRICII,

FISH-HAWK,
CA NARY-BIRD,
l\focKING-BIRD,

TOAD .

FISHES.

IX.-THE SALMON.
BODY, length , coverin g, color, blood, abode, ge nder,
:1cales, fin s, food , in crease, ancl u se .

Give a desc ription of the

1!

LEECH,

X.-Tlrn \Vlll 'l' Jo:-L•'JSJL

BODY, etc., t o be desc ribed as ab ove .

H U~DI! NG -BIRD.

Give a description of t11c

AMPHIBIA OR REPTILES.

EEL,
BASS,

VH.-THE GREEN WATER-FROG.

Prrrn,
SHARK,
HERRING,

PRINCIPAL PARTS: D escribe head and body, legs,
skin , color.
Why does it feel cold whe n touched?
Abode, food , increase.
QUALITIES :-Gay, sly, quick in motion, position whe n
s ittin g , te nac ious of life, slcep8 in winter.
U se and damage.

S ~IELT ,

TRO UT,
PERCH,
CAT-FISH,
PICKEREL,

SUCKER,
CODFI SH,
l\IACKEREL,
SWORD-FISH,
FLYING-FISH.

INSECTS.

XL- THE BUTTERFLY.
HEAD, trunk, le ngth, color, abode, food , birth, various
kinds, duration of life, u se.

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Give a description of the

VIII-THE LIZAlW.
PRINCIPAL p ARTS : Length , cover, fo od, abode.
QUALITIES :-Runs fast, glittering tyes, bite not poison ou s, can be t amed, tail bri t tl e, tenacious of life, can
e ndu re hun ge r , s leep~ in winter .
U 'e and d a magc .

,..--

B EE,
FLY,
WASP,
BEETLE,

--

SPIDER,
CRICKE T,
l\IusQUITO,
COCKROACH,

ANT,
FIRE-FLY,
KATY-DID,
SILKWOIUL

OBJECT LESSONS,

OR THINGS TAUGHT.

ARTICLE XXVII.

'l'HE GRASSES .

OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

xv.

78
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XIJ.-GENERAL LESSON.

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WHAT is a plant? Describe its organic structure,
seed, food, motion, sense .
Name its parts, classification, place, use, propagation,
im provemcn t .

79

Describe and name the u se of
OATS,
.WHEAT,

COTTON,
TOBACCO,

CLOVER,
TDIOTHY.

AHTICLE XXVIII.
XllI. -'l'HE CU:EHlff

Tl~:EK

DESCRIBE a cherry-tree :-Trunk (bark, 8ap, wood,
pith,) roots, branches, boughs, leaves, blossoms, fruit,
use, damage, improvement.
Give a description of the
OAK,
VINE,

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FLOWERS.

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XIV.

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PEACH-TREE,
APPLE-TREE,

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PALM,
PALMETTO.

DESCRmE a rose :-Stalk, leaves, bloom, flower, color,
various kinds, odor, use, propagation.
Name the classes of roses, with regard to th eir color,
form of bush, of flower, of their odor, habits of blooming.

0 }' T JI E

\! I X J: J:. ,\ L

K I X f; Jl

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XVI.-GENElLAL LESSON.
CLASSIFICATION :-Earth, salts, combustible 111i11erals,
metals.
·what kind of bodies are they?
How are they formed?
'Where are they found?
How are some of them brought to light?
Purification: use thereof.

XYII.-IRON.
HARD, brittle, where found, use, melting, rust, steel.
·what workmen are engaged in manufacturing iron?
Value of iron: stee l-baths.
Describe and name the use of

Give a description of the
PINK,
DA II LIA,
DANDELION,

OLEANDE R,
SuNFLOWim,
J-ION EYS l;CKLl';,

LILY,
CAC:TUS,
Vrm.ET.

TIN,
SALT,
COPPER,
MARBLE,

GOLD,
CLAY,
LEAD,
DIAMOND,

COAL ,
R UBY,
Q UA H'l'Z,

QUTC'f\SlLVER.

80

OB J ECT LE SSONS,

ARTICLE

xxrx.

XVllI. - NATURAL PHENO:\lENA.
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OR THI NGS TAUGHT .

1. WHAT is a fi xed star? a plan et? a constellation?
2. \Vhat arc the sun aud moon?
3. How many plan ets have been di scovered?
4. What is an eclipse of the sun ? of the moon?
5. Why docs th e moon continually change her form?
6. How arc formed, the clouds? fog? rain? snow ?
l1:til '( il1 c rain -Lu1v ·:
7. What are lightning and thunder? the au rora borealis?

81

XXL-THE WATCH.

1. WHAT is the purpose of 'rn tch es ? 2. How many
kinds of watches h ave we? 3. l\I ention the places and
parts of the sun-dial and h our-glass.
4. When can we use the sun-dial ? 5. ·w hat does
the hour-glass sh ow, and what does it no t sh ow?
6. P arts of watches and clocks. 7. By what arc they
set in motion? 8. What h ave we to do to kee p them
i n lll u l itin ? 0. TTi)\\' 1u:i:-:: t1(1 :--" 1:1c 1·1 ·: ,.l::-- .'...'.q ?
10. How long do cs the n :lc br:1tc1l cluck i11 tlt" ca t l1c dral of Strasburg go? 11. What arc repeate rs '?
12. Upo n wh at do they strike? 13. Of "·hat mate rials are watches and clocks made?

ARTICLE XXX.

XXlI.-THE GLOVES.

Ii _.

OF AR'£IFICIAL BODIES AND TRADES.

!I,·:;

XIX.-TIIE INK.

1. WnA'r are gloves? 2. How many kind s of gloves
are there, as regards their form? 3. H ow many kinds
regard ing the material out of which they are made?
4. Who prepares the leather ?
5. What leather is the best and the most used for
gloves? 6. When do we use them?

1. COLORS of ink. 2. From what materials is it
made? (Pulver ized gallnuts; sulphate of iron; gmnmi
arabicuni, vinegar, and water. ) 3. H ow is it made?
4. ' Vhich are the best vessels in whi ch to preserve
it? 5. Its use ; black, red, and blue ink.
XX.-'fHE WINDOW.

1.. WHERE arc windows? 2. W hat are their forms?
3. Of what material is the frame made?
'!. Of what material is th e gla ss made ? 5. What
v.·o rkmcn make tho var i o u ~ parts of t]Jc v.·in dow?
G. F or \\·hat purp oses do \\-c use them ?

XXIII.-THE LOOKING-GLASS.

1. What is a looking-glass? 2. Of h ow many parts
docs it consist? 3. With what metal is the backside
of the plate covered? 4. Of what color is it?
5. 'Where are the plates manufactured ? 6. How are
they manufactured? 7. What are the qualities of a
good plate? 8. What do you know of the size and
prices of the plates ?
Tnr~os

TAU :11 ·1.- 6

82

on

OBJECT LESSONS,

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83

To nm TEAc1mr..-Catechise nnd instru ct th e pupils on
so me of the Themes of this Chapter, and show them how
ideas m[Ly be colleoted.
Let the best exercises be rend by th eir authors, as an en·
couragement to them and a stimulus to other pupils.

9. Of wh at materials are the frames made? 10. With
wh at ofte n covered ? 11. ' Vho manufacture them?
12. Which plates are best? 13. Use of lo oking glasses.

j

T H I NGS TA UGH T .

Describe, al so, the hat, paper, knife, cloak, brush,
making sh oes, grinding corn , binding books.

..

xxrV.-'l'HEMES.

1. THE Thunderstorm.
2. Incidents of my last vacation.
::. )fy yj,j[ l•l )J' ,.nni

CIIAl'T El~ Y I.

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R E)!ARKS To THE P ur1L.-As compositions are now to be
writte n without any hints, qu estio ns, or informat ion given,
the fo llowing rules should be studied and observed.
First, sit down half an hour and think and gather ideas,
before beginning to write. Recall to memory what you have
observed, read, and learned ; i·cftect on the subject before you,
and one by one the ideas will come to your mi nd.
Write them on a slip of paper, just as th ey occur, and
when you have collected a suffi cient amount of material,
then classify and arrange it.
Reflect agai n curefully, and if any thing n ew occurs to
your mind, add it in its proper place. Then write your
composition in an easy and fluent style. 'When you have
done th is, read it over and correct it.
Ncl'er give a composition to the t eacher, before lrnving
r evised it. Thus practice will m:.ike you perfect, and the exercises will daily grow easier and less irkso me.
Pupils, wh o begi n to write on any gi1' en theme, without
previously thinking and arranging their thoughts, will always
nd comp osition an irksome task, and wi ll never advance in
t; while olhcrs, who observe the rules given above, will
nd a pleasure and r ec reation in it ; for nothing gives more
Jc;1 5nre and rntisfact ion, than an original thought.

r

\ ' <'l'Jl i\ 11.

-1. lt ecc;;~ .
5. Thanksgiving.
6. A F[Lir.
7. The B[Lttle of Lexington.
8. Patrick Henry's ch arac ter.
9. A Skating party.
10. The Biography of my penknife.
11. The sermon of my watch.
12. B e charitable!
13. Be poli te!
14. Industry [Lncl Idl eness.
15. H ealth an d Sickness.
16. Who was greater , Napoleon I or Washington?
17. There is no such word as fail.
18. Never too old to learn.
19. I s coal of gre[Lter value to the world tlwn gold?
20. The treachery of Arnold .
21. l\Iy book is my best comp[Lnion.
22. The story of a bunk-note.
23. My paren ts' h ome.
24. i\Iy faithful frie nd .
25. Do I know enough?

·-

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84

OBJECT LESSONS,

OH. THINGS TA U GHT.

CHAPTER VII.

85

FIRST SECTION.

EXERCISES IN FORMS OF

ARTICLE XXXI.

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To TEACHERs.-Tb e lessons of this Chapter, while presentin g another and ample series of exercises in compositionw r iti ng1 q11ii1: iliff~ .-1'\._' nt. fro111 the pn~ct :ll in~~ ones, arc in tendc(l
to a c11uai11r ti 1c jJLllJil \\ ith the furms ci t' practit:al ];11>inc~o,
and to prepare him for the daily requirements thereof
All pupils have not the mea ns or the time to complete a
cour$e of instru ction in Commer cial colleges, or to continue
their studies in higher schools. But all of them require that
practical knowledge presented in thi s Chapter, and hence
th ese lessons will prove of the highes t value to all.
Let the Teacher explain the use and meaning of every
Article. The pupils in this grade are so far advanced, that
th ey will easily comprehend the intent and purport of these
lessons, and, without difficulty, be able to perform the required
task.
In all cases, let an example be first made in school, so that
the Teacher may point out the mistakes; then give the pupils
other examples to be prepared at home.
The number of examples required of the pupil should be
vari ed accordin g to his aptness and capacity. Some pupils
r eadily master a subject, while oth ers require the untiring
drill, drill, drill, driy after day, to fix the facts of their studies
firmly in th e mind. Even then, after all his labor, how often
is the Teacher astonish ed and mortified by the discovery,
that pupils, upon whom he dep ended, are sadly ignorant of
mu ch which he supposed th ey had th or oughly learn ed.
Th e lessons of thi8 Chapter mu st be taken alternately with
th ose of the brn preceding Cha pters, in order that the proper
cou1p o~ ition-\\-riting be not 11 r.!!:l cc tcd.

BUSI NESS PAPERS.

Cr'.'Cf'.\''.\'ATr ,

Jan . 3, 186'.l.

Mn. C1ur:r,Es Doul':r:TY,
B ought of C. L. l\L 11,1 ,1m,
1
1
1
1

Cask Linseed Oil , 24 ga l. ,
bl. 'niackerel,
bl. F l our,
bag Java Coffee, net 122 lb.,

@ $ 1.37j@

@
@

.16

$3~1 .00

4.0 0
G.25
Hl52
SG2 77

EXERCISES.
1. N. CALDWELL boug ht of L. Ehlen 2 0 yd. calico
@ 9 cts. a yd.; 10 yd. cl oth @ $1.75; 3 yd. vel vet @
$2 .35; 44 yd. linin g @ 10 cts .
2. M:. Clark sold to N. D ave nport 125 pair boots @
· s li ocs @ "'13''1
· ; 134 pair
$ 2.75 a pair; 150 pan·
.i) . .::>:J a pair
slippers @ 45 cts. a pair; and 275 pair gaiters @ S l.75
a pair .

3. L . Ballouf boug ht of N . Bates 672 lb. butter @
11 ~ cts. a lb. ; 654 lb. Young H yso n tea @ ·12 c ts. ; 513
gal. molasses @ 36 cts. a gal. ; and 1323 lb. 1L1.Y~ na
~ ngar

@ 12"l c ts a lb .

- - -

'"
86

OBJECT . LESSONS,

4. N. Watson bought of L. Arm strong 114 bl. superfine flour @ S6; 117 bl. fine flour @ $5.50; 1G3?J gal.
winter-st.rained oil @ 70 ets.

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5. L. Ficher bought of N. Lewis 20 boxes l\'Iuscatcl
Raisins @ $3.25; 20 boxes Prunes, 160 lb. @ 12 cts;
5 casks Currants, 125 lb. @ 11 cts.
6. L. Hurlbut bought of N. Laws 20 bl. Indian
meal @ $6.37~; 10 boxes white Brazil sugar, 4460 lb.
0' 10} cts.; -1 h~lf pipes Tior1l.·:tux l. r:i t11h. :2:JO s·:t l.
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OR THil\GS TA'GGHT.

EXERClSES.

1. L. MARCH gives a receipt to Joseph Long fo r
.$800 paid to him on account..
.
2. 'L. Ruff's receipt to N. Lon gworth for $1278fo o•
paid on a note, due Jan. 18, 1862 ·
3. Morris Moalc's receipt to A. Stewart for $5476.28,
due for bill of goods, sold Feb. 3, 1862.
4. Nathan Ross' receipt to Bl ac k & Co. for money,
I •I 111 · l'" i ·l J; 1: i.-h:11 d'
·
111 (_'.1nkliti. 'l!:t). S. Cu . for
; 1_ :\ . Hamiltun ',; r cc1'1pt
•
0 0

S3000 for inw'-'tmcnt.

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ARTICLE XXXII.

I

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6. L. Adae ships to L . ·workum, rn N cw Orleans,
126 bl. of flour, Ly bteauwr \':aohiuglun; the Cap tain,
S. Anthony, gives a receipt for the flour.

Receipts.

'

CtNCINNATr, Jan. 2, 1862.
Received of John King, One Hundred dollars on
account.
J. vVILLIAMS.
$100:fifh

ARTICLE XXXIII.

Promissory Notes.
PmL ADE LPHIA ,

5

S500lo u

$500ftlh

NEW YoRK, Jan. 15, 1862.

Rece ived of James Stratton, Five Hundred dollars
on his note, due Jan. 15, 1862.
S. POWERS .

-

$1000fh°rr

IlALTmorrn, Feb. 13, 1862.

Rece ived of Joseph Reeves, One Thousand dollars
in full of all payments due to us.

DAvrs & BRoTirnu.
$!i00f\·?rr

NEw 0RLE.rns, March S, JSG2.

Hccc ived of J amcs Kelly, Five Hundred -f1} dol6
.T . IVO OD\l'AP.D.

lars f'o r i nve :~ Lu1 c nt.

Oct. IO, 1862.

Thirty days after date, I pron~i ~e to pay tor l\'lr.
Rufus Kinn-0 or order, Five Hundred -n:i'o dollars. I aluo
S. H UT CHISON.
'
received.
NEw Yom;:, March 3, 1862.

6

~41 9~-l'ao

.

Sixty days after date, we promi se to pay:~ Richard
·
Pnce
or or d er,. F our Hundred Seventy-two -1 0 ij dollars.
LAING & l\IARTEN.
Y. al ue, r ece1.vccl .
C1;o;c1:o<NATI, May 4, 1862.
$224-tifl;
Nin ety days after date, I promise to pay to the
•- Brother ' Tw o Hundred Twenty' lv
or c1er o f· J . 1 oWnlan
o
l
11·
·
Va
lue received .
N. Sm LI .IT O.
four T°o u co dr~.
0

88

OBJECT LESSONS,

Sr. Louis, .April 5, 1862.
On demand, for value received , we j ointly and severally promise to pay to Lehmair Brothers or order
Three Thousand Three Hundred 'fwenty-flve dol lars:
with interest.
J. LEE & BROTHER.

Cashier of American E xchange Bank, pay to R ob.
Clark, or bearer, Twenty-five j 10°0 d oll ars.
HrnA'r PO\nms.

EXERCISES.

l\Iessrs. Dunlap & Co., please pay to X o. 18572, or
bearer, Thirty-two d ollars.
EHLEN & \YER'.\ER.

$3325f,-fh

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1. J.J. HATCH promises to pay to Salmon Chase $400,
one month after elate.
2. N. l\Iyers promises to r ny tn Hei rklh ~c h, Sc: .. ~ r.11gooJ & Co ., s1 .;;;1111y;ll0,,, Oll demand , IYifh i11l t'1'('.<[ .
3. 8. Fremont promises to pay to A . & I. \Volf & Co.,
$2725, four months after date.
4. Henry Stone promises to pay G. W. Brown
$624T1n30 , two years from date, interest 12 %·

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OR THINGS TAUGHT.
' '2'0
"'

LournvrLLE, July :'>, 1Sli 2.

4JL
100

$32fu°rr

NAs1JY1nr;,

Aug. 17, l 862.

EXERCISES.
1. J,;:1BL\TH nH .. ~ . :-:·iv·· In TT . )la1111 "" nr k r r .. r
$:2-U S1°0r'o on Hobert S ir·c .
2. Michael Rowckamp gives B. E ck el an orrlcr for
$240-00oIT on Lafayette Bank.
.
·1 0 1. fo·l •~.. -·
-)~><J~
sr.
3. i L. Clark g .ives S . D enmson
an orc
- ' 10 o
on Fulton Bank.
·4. L. Miller gives an order for $187. 00 on Anderson & Co.
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Orders.
5
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ARTICLE XXXV.

ARTICLE XXXIV.

Ni;w YoRK, Jan. 4, 1862.
l\Icssrs. Smith & K ey will pl ease pay to the order
of John Hmnilton, One Hundred Fifty-four {o"u dolla.r",
and cha rge the same to
BERNARD Fox.

Drafts.
Mm1rms, Jan. 2, 1862.
At sight, without grace, pay to Rob ert Paincs, or
order, One Hundred Twenty-four dollars, and charge
the same to the account of
H.. B1wwN & Co.
To S:1nru & KIN G, NEW YoRb:.
$124,°<fu

<t?534.sui_
7

BosToN, J une 15, 1862.
Ca shi er of the Fulton Bank , pa.y to R. J\Iorse, or
order, On e '.l'h onsand Four Hundred Fifty- ~c Ycn -fu7•l
dollars.
JA ,\JE S R t.\I ON.
$14:37fu 0

""

I UO

SAVANNAH,

Dec. 15, 1SG2.

On e day after sight, pay to the order of James
Laing, Five Hundred Thirty-four t"ool'i doll ars, an d charge.
the same to
LIONEL & R11rn.
J o aN vVATT s, BA1, T1M oRE.

90

OBJECT LESSO NS,

OR THI.::I GS TAL' GH T .

EXERCISES.

EXERCISES.

1. LEo MILLS & Co. give a draft to Huntino-ton
0
Brothers for S5748-10vAv on S. Belmont, New Yo r k , payable at sight.
2. L eo nard ""
r. R b t
·
t o P . G reenwood a draft
o er g ive

L osT.-A ring; a portfolio with paper , nluablc 01~ly
to the owner· a gold chain , with seal attached to it ;
a pocket-handkerchief of a sewing-girl, containing ~he
scanty wages earned during the past week; an embroid ered sh awl, marked N . .A.

of S425 .75 on the L ouisiana Bank, New Orleans, pay able three days afte r sight.

3. l\fack Brothers give a draft for $1827 .45 to Gil111nrc , Dn nl.1p S: C(I., cln the .\1nni c:11 1 E xc l1 :t 11 '.!·c D<1nk
New York, pa.yablc six ty days after date .
"
'
4. Seasongood & Co. g ive to Day Brothers & Co., a
draft for $1575.84 on the Fulton Bank Louisville I<y
'
. ' . ~ .,
payable one month afte r date.
5. The Commercial Bank gives to Irwin & Co., a draft
for $800 on A . Stewar t, New York, payable at sigh t.

'•'

SECOND SECTION.

FOUKD.
Fot:ND. - .1J. p,,, ·f.·, t-u oo/; . <·1111L1i11i11 '..'. rnr.111ry.
J h,,
owner, proving property, ca~ ha1·e the sa me, by _e a llin ;;
at Philli ps' l\Ieat-store , corner Broadway and .i\Iam.
FouND.- A Golcl chain, between 5th and 6th Avenue,
New York. The owner can get it., by pay in g cost of
ad;i.rertisement, an d calling at L. Glaser's, Pearl St.
FouND.-A Horse; came to my premises, bst Frida,y
night. 'rhc owner, provin g property and paying expenses, can h ave it by calling at Livery Stable, No . 52,

Gano St.

ARTICLE XXXVI.

EXERCISES.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

FouNn.- A book ; a ring; a diamond breastpin; a
Newfo un dland dog; a canary-bird; a bundle of cloth -

I-LOST AND FOUND.
Los:.-A lady's leather satchel, on Friday evening,
25th rn st., between Brooklyn and New York.
The
finder will be liberally rewarded , by leaving the same
at No . 81 Pearl St., N. Y.
J,osT.-A I'orte-monnaie, containing 825 . 24, somewhere between P ike and Mound Sts. Th e h onest finde r
is r equ ester! to Icnve it at the Tim es office. th e portemo;1n :i ir l1 r i11 g th P. proper ty of a wnrkm a11 . .

ing.

ARTICLE XXXVII.
II . -STOT~EN.

STor,EN. -$5 reward-A lar ge, whi te poodle clog,
answeri ng to the name of Fidcs. 'rhe above re\Y :ird
wi ll be paid for bring ing him to P earl St.., No. ll 8.

92

STOLEN.- From 91 Hudso n St., on l\Iond ay, the 24th
of Nov., oue sih-er watch; one hair bracelet with a
gold clasp; one pair of gold sleeve-buttons· ~ne o·o ld
rin g. Initials ou all. If r eturn ed, no ques ti ons asked.
$5 reward for any information leadin"'
to th e dis covery
0
of the thief.

I

on

ODJECT LESSONS ,

STOLE:\'-A small gold hunting watch , with blu~ enFor any information
leading to its discovery will be paid $5, by R. Stewart,
82 Park St.

I I•
i.

STOLEN.-A. check on the Peoples' Bank fo r $151.12,
drawn by P arn es & Co. All perso ns are cautioned
against negotiating the same, as payment has been
storped .

EXEIWJSES.
RENT.-Housc with a fine store; r ooms for gentleman
and wife; r ent, large and new '\Varehouse; new s tone
front h ou se with all irnpr•J\· c 111 L'llte< ; r cnL ofli cc for l:myer, g ive n on tL lease; r e nt, h otel ·with accommodati ons
for 300 boarders; r ent, oyster-salo on .

EXERCISES.
. STOLEN.-A go ld watch; a diamond breastpin; twelve
silver spoons, marked H. F ; a check for $ 1400: a horse
and buggy; several pieces of cloth.
.
'I

:I"i
ARTICLE XXXVIII.

IIL-REN1'.

I;
!.

RENT OF HousE.-The neat and comfortable house
126 Fifth St., containing all mod ern improveme nts'.
Annual r ent, $400. Apply to F. Rule, corner of Fifth
and Hud so n Sts.
. Fon RENT.-A b.rick house , containing nin e rooms,
bes t order, bath, gas, cellar, and a large yard. Jfo 11 t
mode rate to a p rom pt-paying tenant. Inquire at No. 177
Wad e S t.
111

93

RENT-RomIS. - FiYc large, furni sh ed room s, for
single gcutlcmcn, with or without board . Inquire , No .
124 Second St., at l\Irs. Huff's.
RENT-0PFICE.-Fine and large office, 20 X 80 feet.
Inquire of th e Treasurer of Pik e's Opera House.

ame ~ed clu:in, ~nd pin to match.

'I

TIIINGS TAT;GHT .

ARTICLE XXXIX .

IV.-WANTED.

'V

ANTED.-Girl for scrubbing. Inquire at the H en ry
House, between 8 and 12, A. M.
'V Al\TED.-Situations, by two Germans, who can give
the best city r efer ences; the o_nc as coachman, th e oth er
to work on a farm. Apply at 184 West Fourth St.
WANTED._:_Situation, in a private family , to cook,
wash, and iron, by a competent hand. Address 83
Richmond St.
EXElWISES.

W ANTED .-A girl, for children ; a girl, for housework;
two ro oms for ge ntleman and wife; a situation or lessons, by a lady, teaching music; a situation by a boy,
as an apprentice in a printing office ; a partner, with
$200, in the photograph business.

94

OBJECT LESSONS,

ARTICLE XL.
V.-FOR SALE.

FoR S.uE.-A. Drug Store, in a nice thriving town in
this State; will be sold at a bargain; apply to N. M.,
Commercial office.
Forr 8ALE.- J1fortgagcs, varying in amount from $500
to S5000 each, amply secured on city property, . having
from one to five years to run . ·will be sold at adYant::igcous rates to the purchaser. Apply lo S. PenJleton,
l\Ierean tile Library.

1

I.'"

OR THIXGS TATGHT.

95

DIED.-Of consumptio n, on Saturday la8t, Anne, wife
of George Brown , aged 36 years.
The rclntiYes and friends arc r eque~tcLl to attend the
funeral, this, Monday afternoon, at 2 o'clock, without
further notice, from her late residence, on Clinton
Avenue.
EXERCISES.

EXERCISES.

THE death of A . Proctor, G5 years of age; of Anna,
,., ire of Leo King·, :1 ~ .;,1 ~I yc·:irc< r,r inflam111:1l ion: ()f
Henry, son of A. and F. Hice , 5 yc:irs old , of congestion of the brain; of Captain Simon Hoss , of first cav alry regiment, U. S. A. Fell in the battle of Trenton.

SALE of house; terms one-third cash, the balance in
one, two, and three years, at 6 % ; sale of a farm; sale
of a new steamboat; the furniture of a family leavin a
'
b
the city.

ARTICLE XLII.

Sale of two horses and good carriage; sale of $6000
well-sec ured mortgages; sale of a shoe-store in a town
in the country; sa le of 50 bales hay.

ARTICLE XL!.
VI.-DIED.
DIED.-At the military hospital, Ifenry, son of Arthur
and Ellen W oodruf, of this city, in the 22d year of his
age.
The rclat iYcs and friends of the family are requested
to attend th e funera l service at Trinity Church , on Tuesday morning, 30th in st., at 12 noon.

MISCELLANEOUS.

VIT.-1 NVI'l'A'l'IONS.

Mrr. and Mrs. Ellen send their compliments to Mr.
R. Mason, and request the pleasure of his company, at
dinn er, on Sunday, the 21st inst., at 3 o'clo ck P. JU.
l\Ir. and Mrs. Davis solicit the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Greene, at the nuptials of th eir
so n John, with Miss Fanny Goodman, on l\Ionday even ing next, at their residence, Park St., No. 8G .
EXERCISES.
INVITATION to a ball; invitation to a supper; invitation to dinner on Thanksgiving-clay.

- -----__,,,,
96.

OBJECT LESSONS.

VIII.- CERTH'ICATES.
CINCINNATI,

July 5, 1862.

Tms is to certify, that the bearer, John James, has
been in my employ, as a porter, for the last seven years.
I am thoroughly convinced of his honesty and faithfulness, and can cordially commend him to any one wishing to employ a worthy man. I part with him only,
S. SMITH.
because I retire from business.
KEW Yo1(K,

Feb. '.J, lSG'.2.

TrrE bearer, Saral1 Stiles, has been in my employ for

two years, performing general servant-work in my family.
I have found her uniformly attentive to duty, and good
tempered. I can commend her to any one wishing
such a servant.
JULIA JOHNSON.
BosToN,

Nov. 7, 186'.2.

THE bearer, Mr. Joseph Samson, is a young man

well known to me. He has correct habits, a good moral
character, and sound discretion; and I cheerfully recom mend him to any one wishing to employ a clerk or
confidential business agent.
R. STOCKWELL.
EXERCISES.

i
I

