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PREFACE.

''

TnE difficulties, which present themselves to

the young pupil in English Grammar, on his first
DISTRICT OF ".\fASSACHUSETTS,
.
BE IT JlEMEMBERED,

T O WIT:

District Clerk's Office.

that on the thirty-first day of August,A.D;

1827, and in the fifty-secuml year of tl11" lndepend .. uce of the Unit~d

States of America, Hitlianl, Gray, Little awl Wilki11s, of the said
District, have deposited in this Office th e title of a Book, the right
whereoftheyclaimaspropritton,inthcwonhfullowing,towit:
.
"500 Progre5sive E:<creiu>s in Parsing. .Adaptt>d to Murray's and
other iqiprovcd treati9et on Euglish Grammar; by John Frost.''
In conformity to the Act of the Congrtss of the Unitetl States, entitled
"An Act for the Encouragem t nt of I.taming, by aecming the Copi
of Maps, Cha~ and Boo~•· to th~ Authors and Proprietors of ~uch COP'
ies,duringthet1mestheremment1oned:"andalsotoanAct,enutled,"A
Act supplementary to an Art, enti!led, An Act for the Encouragemenl
of Leaming, by securing the Copies of Maps, Chart~and Books, tot
Authors and l'roprietors of such Copies, during the times therrin men
tioned; and extrnding lhe Bendits lhl'l't'Of to the .Arts of Desiguin~
Engraving and Etching Historical, aud other Prints."
JNO.

JAJllES LORING,

PRINT}~ H.

w. DAvrs,l c~f·~ts~':/11~~:;.'

beginning to parse, have long been a subject of
eoroplaint. To distinguish the ..lifferent parts of
speech, to determine whether a noun be in the
nominative or obicctive
case and whether a Yerb
J
be active or neuter, to ascertain the rule of
\

JOtaX under which a par ti cu lar form of con·

!ruction falls, to fill up elliptical, and pa.raPbrase inverted sentences, (all which are necesry to a knowledge Of syntax) are difficulties,
hich are continually occurring, and are only to

e

ov~rcome by years of application, or remov·
by the use of those instrument~, which sim-

ed
lify the other sciences, viz. classification and ar-

rangement.
The present publication professes to be no
more than a single step towards a classification
the forms of English construction. If it should
"e to attract the attention of some person who
the leisure and ability requisite for completing
th ~classification, the author will deem himself
rtunl\te in having furnished so seasonable a hint;

.),

--still more fortunate, should it

EXERCISES

uc the

ren<.lermrr the st l
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ETYMOLOGICAL PARSING.
......

~9

.LESSON

1.

ARTICLE AND SUBSTANTIVE.

it is de ~ ig:ned for a tirst book of Exercises in
Parsin:.;, to
used as soon as the pupil has comrnitt e<l to mt n1ory the whol e or such portions of
the Gra mmar as the · in~tnictcr may think fit. It
is re co mmended 1ii at each pupil should be required to parse the whole of one of the short
sentrn crs, instead of one word at a time, an<l to
give the rules of syntax, an<l that each parsing
lesson should be accompanie<l by a short review
of that part of the Grammar which it illustrates,
and uy such oral instruction as every aule teach,
er knO\vs how to communicate.

ue

J, F,

Boston, .'lugust, 1827.
N. n. It wns ori!!inally d esi g ned to r:rrnfinc these e xer,
cises to Syntax: hut at tl1c ::;u!!.!!•·sti o 11 of an c rninnnt in-

structcr in this rity , a fow Exen·iscs in Ety11wl og ical
Parsing hav e been prelix e<l to the ::-;yntilctical Exercises.

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The President.
'I'he General.
A man.
A woman.
An acorn.

Honesty's reward.
The continent.
An island.
A lion.
Integrity.
An honour.
A hero.
Th'e Congres:-1.
An Alfred.
The truth.
Sages.
Boston.
The Livingstons.
London.
The :Missouri.
The Huoson.
Lake Ontario.
The Potomack.
Mount Sinai.
Providence.
Justice.
Patience.
A horse.
A house.
A chil<l.
A hunter.
An outlaw.
The patriot's pride.
James's honour.
James l\1unrue.
\Villiam's truth.
The manufacturer's in- .Mr. Williams's store.
. terest.
James river.
John Brown's book.
The theatre.
An altar.
Wisdom.
Pride.
A tree.
The soldiers' barracks. A dog.
An oak.
The boy's hat.
Rhode Island.
An amulet.
' ·V ashington.

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llRTICLE, i\DJ£CTI\'E, AJ\D SCDS'L\~\Ti \ L

LESSON 2.
A g~o<l m:rn.

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A wise son.
Spanish honour.
A (lut.iful chilJ.
i Gr('at examples.
An old lwuslJ.
I A pr< iud 1riu111pl:. [ube.
An able seaman.
I! :1:11e da i k rul.liui; Han.Au undoubted character :1 I Ii(• siln~r - su1ted morn.
Tlie true patriot.
i Limpid ~treams.
Tile elder brutlicr.
\Yl1isp l' ri11~ piu e-.: .
The •youn°t•r
si
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r.
TIH·
bu ll uli11~ fou11iains.
I:>
A better soldiPr.
A shady n~tn,a t.
The bes t ge11l'ral.
An unbounded freedom.
The truest liunuur.
i Outrageous conuuct.
The lat est ne\rs.
Assuranceuni;aralleletf.
A bad man.
S il n·r ewers.
A worse UIJ\'.
lleauly's I.Je s t ornament.
The worst j,crson.
\\oma11'sbri ghu· ~tbraf!e
An intercsti11g s tory.
A fre e cou:ilry.
A fortres~ impre 0 11alile. ArnH·tl IJa11d s:
Ancient palaces.
l:11quali!ied praise.
lntq!;rity unshaken.
:\11 al;ility p:·ond.
A \\'all deca\'l'd.
Austrian arn;ies.
A l>uilding ~ktLereJ. 1 ltalia11 scenery.
An hon est la\\')CL
A nu s ~iaa \\' inter.
True patriotis111.
A circulP.tin ~ library.

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11,ranklin, the ..\rneric;.111
sa~e.

Mighty co1H1uerors.

Th~

EXERCISES

The Nnrth ' Hiver.

The Fn·11ch police.
pre ss unsliackleu.
The t1 icd tt·n11wr.
Unaccountable folly.

SYNTACTICAL PARSING.

LESSON 1.
Substantive and rcgul1tr 'Nrh nr.uta.

Jolin walks.
\Villiarn 111m'es.
Charles
talks. A horse neighs. Lambs bleat. The
rain ceased.
The flowers bloomed.
The
<:annons roared. The trump e t so unds. Heroes have <li ed. The boys hav e played. The
scholars h;we studied.
The carriage has
passed.
The bell had tolled. The kitt~n s
'rill frolick. The dog had growled. A thief
shall sufier.
A liar will suffer.
The boy

\rill have repented.

A lady \viil have fainted.

LESSON 2.

Tlit~

states11J:111's frue
interest.
lldiri11g mode sty.
Poor Ril'hard's Al111a . Purling: brooks.
North America. r nack . . \Yaviug brnn clics.

Indicative mood.

R eg ular uv·b acti'vc .

Indicative mood.
its three cases.

Suvstanti'ce in

\Yilliam
follo"vecl Charles.
George. A man h:-ts pGt ssc d th e hou se .
John

calls
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Jarnp1i;iHer has liglited 1 the street. 'l'lic morning will furnish nature's light. George's mother will reward industry.
Henry's brother
shall visit the school. George's father's carriage passed the schoolhouse.

d.Uctioneer \viii sell good booh: s. Charl es ffiay
obtain a cheap li brary. 1f John \vishe<l for
mon ey, Fr ank would proc nre it. lf the boys
had not recited well, disgrace would hav e
been the conseq uence.
LESSON 5.

LESSON 3.
Potential mood.

P ersonal Pronoun.

ildjective.

Gcor(J'e can open the window. The air
'\vould ~nter the room. Truants should suffer punishment. ldlers should receive reproof.
Industrious boys may receive encouragement.
Studious girls should obtain many rewards.
\Villiam
Could G eorCTe obtain a medal?
rni(J'ht have laboured. Caroline should have
ob~erved l\:Jary's directions. l\Iary would
have repeated the lesson. Charles could
have returned.
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LESSON 4.
Potential and subjunctive moods.

Pe~sonal Pronoun.

If Geor(>'c
return, \Villiam will go. Though
~
.
Frank hide his fault, escape from conscience
is impossib.Je. Unless Henry return, William's
uncle will miss a companion. If William lose
the book, the loss will be great. If the man
has ofli~n ded, he should acknowledge the
fault. If Charles will attend the auction, the

Regular Ver b.

Thou walkest. He honours th em . I enco urage him. vVe commend ed her. He con-

sid ers \vcll. They will surpass us.. He ha s
deceived them. You have determined. Yc
have conquered. Th o11 hast convinced me.
He admired you. They persec uted us. \Ve
pitied them. They r evile th ee . Thou _blessest them.
She despise d re proof. .Misfortune surprised lier. He praised himself. \Ve
cannot commend him. She respected herself. Th ey dece ived themsckes. l esteemed her.
They neglected him.
She would
have perceived it. They could ha ve regarded it.
\iV c sho uld sea rch ou rseh·es. Y 011
s}1oul<l not deceive yourselves. The child
laugbs ; it cries. 1t cannot \\-c:lk . It cann<1 t
support itsclL
LES S O~

.!J.rljective Pronoun .

6.
Regular T"crb.

I received my books. H e feared his eneCharl es loves his ease . You can r~-

nw~s .

10
cover your property .. They mi ght n~ : tor~ tu
u s our rights. We will not oppose their w1 sl1es. She can finish her work.
Thou hast
preferred virtue to pleasme. He se rved his
country. They travelled with their scrqmts.
She will succeed in her design. \Ve should
prese rve our integrity.
You promised your
assistance.

LESSON 7.

J1
Others satisfy tbcrnselv es with e mployment.
Each requires occupation. Either will answer
l1is purpose. All may improve their tal ents.
This delights me. That disappoints her expectations.
These resolve on some active
pursuit. Those defer all employment . He
did not expect this. We should prefer that.
H e requires all. None attend to it carcfullv.

LESSON 9.

Adjective Pronoun.-Continued.

Each man arrived at his station .
Every
reprnof should pro~uce. its effect. Hi~ ~ath~r
and my brother reside m Bost.on. Wilham s
sister lives with her aunt. Either party can
repair the injury. This I?an defers. his own
happiness. That boy might have improved
his time. These men may have boasted of
th eir attainments. Those things hrive remain-.
ed . Any man may practise these virtues.
Some persons can never acq~1ire. property.
Other persons amass wealth with little exertion. One man labours for wealth. All men
desire happiness. Good men will attain it.
Such men arrive at happiness sooner or
later.
LESSON 8.
.lltljecliv e Pronoun used as a Nou1l.

One loves his ease.
Another delights in
exertion .
Some always pursue pleasmc.

./JJjective s used as Substant i ocs.

The rich should relieve the poor.
The
learned may instruct the ignorant. Many di sregard advice.
Few \valk in th e ways of
wisdom. Respect thou the good. \Ve shoul d
not neglect the unfortunate. \Vhere he has
bestowed much, he will require much.
A
little will satisfy me. I prefer th e useful to
the Leautiful. The diligent usually succeed.
The industrious acquire wealth.
The idle
may expect poverty.

LESSON 10.
R cgular Verb and Irregular l'eru TO BE . Preposition.
.1d-,;erb.

George is a very good boy. \Villiam loves
George very much. Philip is too fond of
play.
Charles was not ther e . John Orton
is not fond of studv. Jolrn li:.is not. he::n an

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The nlil rnell ;1 r1·
ol 11111t.
~J'lte boys kid btT!l o!!l nf :-;eJ1n1ii frir 3.11 hou r.
The ,'..:;irL \\er:· ;1t tiwir h·:-;:;011 i11 Cc 1i~r: qd1y.
lll:ln.

The wnc will be very :;l 1u1t. Tlie t:ic lwbrs
must lie dili;.:.t'!lL
Th e f''\.a:~1in:1 ti on sh:-ill
l!Ol bt~

l1)it?;.

fol s<'hnlar.

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LESSON 11.
Jr u rru !ur 1-crb TO IlE,
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., r Charl es
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ness. J\l un ey lll<ty 1,e o bta iued. ( '.at1 <t pro11d
man be respected? Jolin rni.:;ht be przii;ed
without lllJury.
Geo rge m ay have lil'en
slip;h ted.
He co1ild not have; IH~l'11 Clltirl·ly
ne:;lected. A house \Hi1tld have lwcn rep;1ireri for the man. He wonld no t be satisl!1.·d
with an oid house .
Attention niig!1t h~ve
been required . Labour sliould not b. ve Le:ei :

exacted .

ro11l i 11acd.

mi f; lit be at tl w l1 <' :1d of t!: c cla ss .
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LESSON 13.

ll1·11 n -

G co i:::;e rni;; i1t li ~n-c 1Jee11
rnonitor.
Ueor :!:e was very tw:..!,li~ e 11t.
it'
Charles were a,. ~nod w riu_:r, he \\mild l;e a
ca11Jidatc for a n{ccfai. Doctor Fr:rnklin was
1he donor oi tl1c !Jov:-;' 111ed;1]s. H \Villi:irn
~1a d fJecn dili~t"l1l, j.H«1isc would l1ave l1ccll
liis l'C\\·:ird. H James ' r ill be l<' :idc r, tl1ere
m:iy he ~ood ~port. (';in G eo1:gc n111 fast ~
ls \Viliia111 a £'.:lHHl dr~lll'..'.:liL'illLlll: J :1111 \\() I,
ab le to inform v1rn.
would

A l1fJl'Se vvill have IJeen liired
before Georg8 will rPtmn . The thiPf ·will i,.-.
jJllt1i:slicJ . The ti Ille li:1 ~; !wen \\ ;1;-;tcd i11 idle-

!Jeeu call etL

Gcor lJ c \V,1s l 1 i11 ~ tun \\ :ts a

.industrious Lo _L

H.1°gular

be proud.

T

LE~S O N 1 ~ .

Ver b ;1assi.c t, 1:m1li.1!1t cti .

H a Loy be t::ucouragcd, lw wii I tie irn pro\·] J~r a m~rn bc pra:·;:;,cCJ,J t11• c pra1..:,e
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he bestowed while he is absent.
\Vb ctli ciGeor"(~
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have been insure d . If Chnrl P" kis b1·en in jured, lie s!HHild be i1Hk1m~i(i1~d . 'l'ii:Ju:.:.11 ,,
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be happy , unl ess be be e:1dmvc d \~· i 1h vir: qi.:•.
If Geor;::e
will be advised bv"' ~cod fri e nd s. l:t ~
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rnay be S:.iVC:d froffi ruiri . Good advice ::ihot.dd
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memuereJ without gratitude? Can their vir ..
tues be overlooked without injustice ?

LESSON 14.
Irrcrrular
Verb.
b

You have seen the longe st letter. Ye are
hypocrites. Thou strivest against a stron g
adversary. Thine are severe troubl es . l\'Iy
are numerous. My powers are exTake thy reward.

LESSON 16 .
.John struck Charles.
The sun shines
Relati'oe Pronoun.
brightly. I love to feel its warmth. Speak ' ·
to that youno- man. A certain man drew a
The man, who really loves virtue, will
bow at a venfure.
Call William's brother to
·practise it. Was any man present, who knew
o- 0 with us.
Thou art the man. He cannot
the facts? Love not the sport, which caus ..
~un fast. You love to spend money in trifles.
es pain to any living creature. Do good to
They make much trouble. Have you ever
. those, who do good to you. Be grateful to
heard the story of the whistle ? . Ask W~lliam
• your benefactors, who have been kind to you.
to read it. John's fath er ha s wrnten to hun to
Practise obedience to your parents, to whom
come into the country. \Vill John's brother
. you owe your support and your education.
go with him?_ Arise, an_d go t_o thy hou se~
Never be guilty of that, which is d ishonou raBear your misfortunes with pauence. Good
ble. That, which God delights in, mu st be
fortune may yet fall to you. Look forward
happy.
1Ve made peace with the people,
with hope.
whom we had conquered. Sec the return,
which they make for all these favours !
1. . ESSON 15.
irregular Verb, continued.

l\ily house is not sold. John's brother will
sell his farm.
I shall buy it. Find my
cloak, Charles. Do not forget my u~brella.
Our side of the street has become (}UJte dry.
How lon er has that old man lain upon the
~idcwalk? I have written three long letters.

NoTE. It is recommended to let one pupil parse the
. relative clause, and another the rest of the sentence, to
·accustom them to the distinction.
Ll4~SSON

17.

Rdati'oe Pronoun, continued.

George takes no delight in amuse~ents,
hich are mischievous. The life, which a

lG
(Tood man lead s, is happy. The time, which
fs spent in study, is not lost. T_he hours, in
which \Ve take wholesome exercise, are nqt
thrown a\vay.
Choose those amu.s~ments,
which exercise the body without any 11.lJury to
health. Avoid t11ose amusements, which tend
to injure the morals. Never pl.ay ~t games, •
in which money or any other thing 1s lost by
one party and gained by the other. T?e
boy, whose hours of P.lay are. free from m1.schief and bad humour, 1s happier than ~1e is,
who indulges evil propensities when he is free
from restraint. He, that \~ould be ~appy,
should Le virtuous.
They, that will . be
rich, must be frugal. He, that would thnve,
must rise early.

LESSON 18.
Compound Relati:r:e Pronoun.

Do what you know is rig;ht. Lo\'e that,
which you know to be honourable.
Choose
what is goo d. Take what belongs to you.
Never mcd1lle with what belong_s .to another.
'I'o those , who were sick, I a<lm1111stered. what
tvoul<l heal tlicm. I renounced what I did not
approve. I addi<.:ted myself to what I esteem-.
ed honourable. \Vhat l Jid not approve, I
would not practise . What 1 had earned, l;
retained. 'Vlrnt fell to me by good fortune, 1
laid up.

17
LESSON 19.
Interrogative Pronouns, used as Substantives and as /Jdjectives.

i

Who approaches?
What do you seek?
1Vhom has he sought? Which is this? To
which person did he 1.pply? For what purpose was the application made ? To whom
was the letter directed ? Who brought an
answer? What could he expect? \Vhich
was the proper person ? For whom was this
brought? Which is the man, to whom you
applied? What was the nature of the application, which you made ?

LESSON 20.
Tlte same words unutituling differtfllt parts of speech .

Honour the brave. Honour is the reward
.o f courage. He hopes for promotion. l\1ay
his hopes not be disappointed. That is to aid
you. Give me the aid I require. I do not
know that you require any. Any one may
hand it to him. Hold up your hand. Take
hold of my cane. Frank will cane him severely. How calm is the lake. I expected
a calm. Endeavour to calm your spirits.
· ~ He is her inferiour in som~ things. His wri< • : tin~ is not inferiour.
We strive to excel .
.· . Give it to me. Walk to and fro.

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1 a~rPc
to it. T:) rna]d_: a
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was wi1lini~ to connive :·1t rh[3
proceed ing;.

'l'k e same ?Curds coustit11ti11g d ~ffcr c nl parls uf spu..;Ti ,

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The same connectr.d by a di5juncti ve conjii nft i1Jn, and re
quiring a verb i n the singular.

,'7 noun of multitude wit!t a v erb singular or plural.

~2.

The infini frc ,., vs etl as nominative. Pa r t of a senlwc~
used as n omi na.tir:e. The case ahsolutc . The i11.finili vt
nwod al1solu lc.

To perseve re is commcnclable. To see an
·o ld friend is pl easant. To hea r musick l lea:es me. To ride promotes health. \\hat 1s
rnore cxhilaratinrr0 tlian to ride on horseback ?
To honour our parents is a d ivin e c~nuna~d .
The guards \raiting;, he is le d out. 'l he prize
havin!; be en awarded, n·e \H~ 11t ho1~c.
To
con fess th e truth, he wa s wrong. fo c?ncl11d~ I will name th e co nditions. He bem g
C h:Hl e~ mak1·espo:isi lil r, yo n mav he fr f'e .

;,z.; .

Two ur more subs tantives, or a su bstanti a and pro noun
1
singular 1 with a ve rb in tlt e plural .

---~

--.-- -

c

unpl easant. 'I'l1ey r::i.st a dam~ on our sp irits. lt \va s but a stone's ca st from us. Labour chee rfully.
Labour promotes health.
y Oil will damp your feet. His a.arts are
ke en. He darts :rn angry look . She looks
di sturbed . Le t us dash it out. The water
w e nt, da sh! on his h ead . H e drew a dash
across it \r ith his pen.

- - ---- -----------

-

1

t j. 1' ! t_ [':. l ' ,__; L' IJ l' l i I
_
.·
11
;
,
-_
.
.
trH:
srr.nc
! A stiil
:.-d 11

~nx~o n 3 .

i

I

f:

..

Honour and sh ame from no condi ti on ri s('.
D emosth enes and C ice ro were clofJu en t. The
rain nn<l th e <lew desce nd on all ~dike. The
'~· i se and ~oolish, th e rich and th e poor, are all
liable to mi sfortu ne . J olin an d \-\'i ! !i:~n1 "'i..'.te
th e re .
Either James or John i::; wrnnrr.
Hope or fear \.Va s predominant. Both \.YitJiam anu George are to be here. 'I'lie assem bly was larg e . Cong ress has ri se n.
The
crew were runnin g in differen t direction s.
The multitude pursue pl eas ure as th eir ch ief
good.
'I'hc anny is c.l efe at ed.
The people do not appro ve the measure. They op p osr-~ it str enn ously .

21

20
LESSON 24.
Pronouns agree w ith tlte nouns for tolti ch t~f.Y $land, 'i1i.
number and g ender. Interj ections go1'ern pronouns of
the first person 'in the objccti'ce case, and of the second
person in the nominative.

I who am no conjurer, can do that.

Thou

who' knowest me, shalt answer. He, who is
innocent, should not fear.
\Ve, who were
there, saw no such appearance. The soldiers,
that advance foremost, fall soonest.
You,
who are first should retire.' Where are they,
'
.
Ah me;I I1ow
who were most
active?
unfortunate I am ! 0 ye, who are prosperous, p.ity the wretched ! We, who are free,
,know not the sorrows of the slave. He who
is wise will heed these admonitions.
O h thou Parnassus! whom I now survey.

'

'

Ah me! neglected on the lonesome plain,
As yet young Edwin never knew your lore.

Byron.

Beattie.

LESSON 25.
Participles and participial Nouns.

I am walking very fast. George is making
rapid progress in his studies. William came
r unning to his mother. The enemy, believing themselves to be securo, were in no haste

to pursue those, who were re tre ating; .
Ily
the observin g of rules we av oj J mistak es .
John was sent to prepare the way by preaching; repentance and by instructing th e people.
l fe was fond of reading poetry and writine;
· i~emes. Having been reproved, \Valter wif1
reform. It is an undervaluing of his merits.
·Having been long in Spain, he was familiar
with the Spanish customs. His having been unfortunate is no disgrace. He was already reduced to a skeleton. He had lon g been completely discouraged and broken clo wn. G e nerally speaking, she was affable. I am tire d of
hearing long speeches.

LESSON 26.
.Governmtnt ancl agreement of Participles. The Conj unction , as u sed as a r elati ve Pronoun . .fld oe rbs a11d ad1Jerbial ph r a ses .

He " ·as reposing in th e shade . The bashaw was reclining on a sofa, smokin,e; tobacco and drinking coffee . Th e J aniss ar.ies we re ·
formi ng t.heir lin e . The Fre nc h wer e just
com me nc mg th e attack.
Napoleon \V as ob servin g th e ir operati on's with hi s pocke t tele scope .
Such as te trcated ear ly esc ;i pe d.
Suc h as remained we re taken. He grauted
a parole to such as pleased him. He spoke
t maffo c tcdly and very pleasantly. H e retir e<l

'22
very early, an<l appeare<l no

m?r:c·

At last
they approached. In fine~ he_ pos1t1vely refused. At length we were d1sm1ssed.

LESSON 27.
The possessi'lJe case.

Nouns i1i apposition.

Tiu, nomina-

tive case independent.

John's brother lives here. 'Villiam's wife's
siste1· remains in Boston. Virtue's reward is
sure. Alexander, king of Macedon, _·w as surnamed the Great. Mozart, the musical com•
poser, was a great genius. Milton, the poet,
was blind. 0 thou, who rollest above, round
as my shield ! Hear, 1 sons of men, your
teacher.

appear:; a hero. Bid him do it. He dar e.I.;
·not do it. I saw l1im rise. I made the fellow submit. She heard the building fall. He
would not let me approach. You need not
. retire. Can you feel his pulse beat now? He
durst not attack me.

LESSON 29.
Wlten t.'te qualities of diJlerent t!tings are compared, t!te.
latter noun or pronoun is not govern ed by the conjunc·
lion 'CHAN or AS, but agrees willt the verb, or is governe_d by t!te ?Jerb or the preposition uudcrstood. Exception.
Tlte relative who sometimes follows than in tlte objec·
live case. Murray.
..11.djectivcs in the comparatil:c and superlative degrees.

O thou, the nymph with placid eye ! Receive my temperate vow.
Barbauld.

He is richer than you. Willi am is younger than George. It was ex ec uted bette r by

Milton.
Id.

you than him. He is as eloquent as Plato.
It is as white as snow. Yesterday he bounded
.a.s the roebuck; was glowing as the summer
fruits. Cato, than \vhom Home has produced
no firmer patriot, resisted this encroachment
of Cresar. Henry the Fourth was the most
of the French kings.
Sully was
1 illustrious
· ·the most upright of their ministe rs. D'Aguesseau was the best of their chancellors.
lt is darker than midnight. They are
worse than their enemies. George was better than Iris promise. William \\"aS the most
undaunted of the whole company.

Hail, divinest Melancholy!
Mirth! admit me of tby crew.

Haste thee, nymph, and bring with thee,
Jest and youthful Jollity.
Id.
But thou, 0 llope ! with eyes so fair,
·what wns thy delighted measure?

Collins.

LESSON 28.
The verb to be, and other intransitive verbs htt?Je t!tc same
case after them as that w!tich next precedes tltem. The
11 erbs bid, dare, need, make, se~, hear, feel, and let, ~a?Je
t!te injiniti?Je after tltcrn 1oitlwut the sign to before it.

I am he whom you seek. I believe it to be
him. He waf; anxious to be their agent. He

f ) ...

__,"j_,

LESSON

so.

vViJliam r cm:1incc1 a mo nth.
Friday.
home.

J;,llipsis or omission of the T'cr/J.

To wl1om thus Adam. Question. What
ship l.nn11 ~ ht th ese goods? .!Ins. The Neptun e. <incs. \-Vliat ma ste r comman~s her?
•llns. George Ormond. He rc~ards his word,
but thc)IJ dost not. l Loug: bt more than you
did. \Villiam rorle fartlicr th:in you could.
He will return, if he can. He may not enter,
but you may. He is more fit for tlie office
th::in hi s brother. I shall not return home·
to -nigh t, li11t Y OU must. I Icnry n·iJJ not adYanc ~ thic; \\"::l);, !Jut you lrill. He cm!ld 1'.e,·cr ha\·e broucrht it to pa ss , hut you mi ght ma
b
}
~hort time.
Tell me li ow thou star. d'st; t 1y
cau se how prospered.

He st.aid an hour. 'Ye \\·ait cd te n minutes.
Th ey retreated ~ix m~lc s . . 1-J c rode this way.
If e should have built l11 s liou sc forty feet
square.
Gcor:l!;~ mi ~ l_1t li:l.\' C o ~c n here the
fir st of .June . \ \ l! an1n~cl at I· torence June
th e cif!;i1tli.
I h~ r etire d thL: da y after
\\' C saw hii11 .
l lc \\·c nt u ~;!·c : : t di sta11ce bc! 1:·

<' \l'! ·t:t i; 1' : :.

Go

l . E~S ON S2.
0 m i,.:siun of tltc P reposil ion .
- - Bring me a11 :J the r li ors c.

Shahs.

He lwld a po un cct -bo x, which, eve r a nd ano n, he ga ve
hi s nose.
Idem.
Thou, lik e a sleeping fa itld c"s se ntin e l,
Didst Jct tlt e rn pa s::i un11 oti ccJ, unin1pruvc d.

Collon .
Li ke
Tli at
Lik e
Tliat

a vi s it-tlin converse o f friends-or a d ay,
uow fr o111 my s ig lit, passt)d for eve r aw:1y:
that visit, that co 11v e rse , that day,-to my h ea rt,
uow from rem e rnurance can n ever depa rt.

So power can n ere r threat m e more.

.'I noun sig 11 iJ!Jing timr, ."Jin re, dircrli1111, disln 1u:r, or diuu:nsion, is ufll·n guanu.: il !1-._; a preposit ion understood . .

(''." :!d

mi !es.

Gi\·e m e a rud e and st ormy s hore,

Umi.>sio n of lhc Prrpositiun .

] 1P

Step hen rode three

Campbell.

LESSON S l.

hi<'

J returned la st

(']1 :1rl <· "

:111d

Pc rcical .
l\.Jy gold
rim! sil ve r -ye s hall flin"
.
n
Back to t li c c lods tli a t gave th em birth.
Ever ett.

My cou rse

was li ke a riv e r J ee p .

Id.
Heat me th ese irons l10t.

Slwf~.y.

Girn rn r. the iron, I say.

I J.

Iftli c
Bring m e a cloa l\ .
:)

110rt J1

ai r l1i lf;~ 1

IJu iL!~"

'·

...

27

~

And his wife-by turns she wept and smiled. :·

·

.

.

~.

· :,But ye the mountain stream shall turn
. And 1,_y it~ secret channel bare,
·
~

Wil84..?

'

t ..._

- r: ~.; ..

If Chanticleer
Would give thee .a fe\V·-l~ssons, doubtless he
Might raise thy voice.

But where, of ye~ 0 tempests ! is the goal ?
4 re ye like those within the human breast ? ·,
-I'
Or do ye find at length, like eagles, some high nesp ·
1

Byr1f1i,o.

••

~

I

'

\

'•/!'

l

ie, it may be, ignominiously and on the scafad. Be it so. Be it so.- Webster.

:

.

•'

.
Omiss'ion of tl•a '"Conjunction wich
.

•

1'.

.

tlla subjuncti'De
and of the· auxil:ia~y Verb, and the Pronoun.

m,l•a"
.

_.
Be it Dappl~'s bray,
r be it not, or be it whose it may.
,Cowper•

Were·~e in Syria, I might say

Y oor eye in Scotland
ould create soldiers; make our women fight,
o doff their dire'distresses.
Malcolm.
Be it'their comfort,
e are comiog ~ither.
Shaks.

The Naiad of the fount rejoic~d in thee.

Id.
Had he seen

Our variegated woods.
Bra.i~~1~
O, hnd I the wings of a swallow, I'd fly ;
Where 'roses are bJosaoming all the year long.

,

D ""•glas. 'Tisitrue and more than I can now remomber,
1
Porcy. And never speak ofit?
. :· J
Douglas.
Inly I bum'd;
But ·honour, pride, forbade. Pilfef from dreams!
~
.
'
Hillho~M-.
VM

Perci"Dal.

Percii1al. ~4·

'

'

.

Well-we would kill them'; challenge twenty moreill them-twenty more-kill them.
Ben Jonson.

•

Why distrust my faith?

E'Derett.

~We may die ; die .colonists ; die slaves ;

LESSON SS.

F

•

.. nd hollow for your, sovereign's um;
t;A. resting place forever .there;
-.. Then bid its everlastiiig springs
·Ff.ow back upon the King of kings; '
l
nd nev:er be the secret said,
· ntil the deep give up. his dead.

\

LESSON S4.
omission of tlte relati'De Pronoun, the ptrsonal Pronoun,
,"
and the Vt~b.

"

~_, , For I have business would employ an af e.

~ 'l-

Jane Shore ,

j

28
.

I 'had several men in my ship died of calentures.-Swift.
.
·
·They affect to ·o-uess
at
the
object
they
canb
•
not see.-Bolingbroke.
"'

•

B e ho\' Cs n o more

But sidelong, to the gen tl y wa\' ing wind,
T.o lay the well ·tuned instrument reclined.
Thomson ..
Come ,to the beaming God.your hearta unfold !
'
'
.
Jef,.
·who does not act is dead.

Id.

Thero are, I see, who list~n to my lay.

Jd.

1•

ft'

j

i

'

·• /

· · · Id.

r"

'"

.

•· 81iaks.

'
..

••

Off 'fiavei chea~~~:oft~e~ ! ~h~e gl~rlous· na~~·

Ji

··~~ i'

Wlio knows not; knows not rii&n•s diviiiest'lore. .
, . ;;' ,\.•'~ ·. .· . '; .·. . ·- .! Byron..
. ,,
·. , ,
. '{.
~: 1..

"

" ... '

1,

It~ '""-..,

• N

"

'

'·

.,, •

LES.
., SO~/~~. ·.. ·

. Strike home!. and the world shall revere us,
A!J" heroes d~~ended from heroes.
PercitJal.

.Sh eath e your da gger;
Be angry when you will, it shall ha\" e sco pe :
.Do what you will, <lish'unour sli all be h um our.
,(
Slcnks:

(

· Who steals qiy· put&e, steals ~rash.

Nor any voice of joy.
The thing they can't but .purpose, they postpone.
.
Young.

All fame is foreign but of true desert;
Plays round the head but comes not near th e heart.
:
.
Pope.

.

Who strikes her, strikes himself. · ·

Sound needed none,
Wordsworth.
.

If you would. b-e hftPPY . ~hen you die, be
pious while you live. If you would be cheerful when you are old, be religious while you
are·· young.-Qappe.
'

29
't..

•

.

.
•(!. •

.....

•'" ..J • •
,,_

f.

·'
Omiui.on.o/the
Ctn,ijuiu:tion. :A:
,.
' ". . .
l<..., .. t
"'"Y
..
. . , " . "'•~ ·~.;. . t1 !" _..
: ' .

,.

,'!f

For w:hy_? ther~ 'was ibut'·on~ ;ireai ru!e for,aJI.;
To ·~i~, that 18ach·s'h<laia'·wor&;:his'owh d~iTe, •.
And. 'e at, dr~nk, ·study, s~eep as)~.. ma1.faIJ,
'
,Or melt the tune hi l,d°ve~ o'r ~e the ly; ~
1
And carol wh'at unbid tlle m~~' JQight inspire.

-~

·

~

~

~

'"t.

, ·:

>, ·-··

~

~

.

", '

•

'.

.

\

.

"
:"

ThomslJn.

·:

While rocks, w.oods, streams, around; repose and peace
iihpart.
· / · ·.
·
Id.
<'

But Jo ! the su.ai ·appears, and heaY~n, ~arth, ocean smile. ""
..· ~
.. ~
' •
~'
. . .. ',, , . ·
,_ ;;
Buttie.
'

But who :tli~ melodies of mom can.tell?
The wild brook babbling downvth~ mountain's side;
The I-Owing herd; the sheep-rold's simple bell;
'
,.
.
The pipe of early shepherd dimdeseried ·
In 't he lone nlfey ; echoing f~ '&uc1 ~ide, '
• Th~ clamorous horn along th~ ~lift' abon; .
, , . The hollow murmur ofthe,
!. ·
.
. 1 ocea:n"!tide
'
, : · The h'iiin of bees, the lin':';et'a·l~j of love,
.
1\· And the full ·choi/ t.ha~ w.a kel t_he ~venal: grove.
~

'

l

,.,.,.

•

·s*

~

'

I

Id.
\

I

,
.. Not fe.arful, for hft nothing fears.

Id.

..

.

;Howling thy dreadful i:oar he oft refeats.

Id . .

,

_~~~ wild horse the.e ippro1r~hes in his. turn1 Id.
~·.:.;

~·

:.:'.

..

:

., ''I

·, _..

· ·~ All .silently their't.e ars
·I•

.

,

ill

;

•

,

~ /£,be starlight dews .

1

of,19"1
di~til.
i~·
'· •<'.
'

. · Byron.J.f ,.,

I

~..

'.'( .

"

-.Bot who.the mel~o<l- ~,pi.om can.tell ~

.'r ".""'
· 'ly;
~ •

~

'f

1'

•

~;

•

•

.,, Beaitil: ·_.

., ·~ Far along .•

I '
·1
•ii-

. From peak t<;> 'p eak, the rattling_crags among,
. Leaps the ,live, thunder.,. u.:.:t, ,.
·
B1)1"on; ":

.

All, which it inherit, · .t!a~l dis~lve.
.

,• Ska."8. , st!

' ".': -~ • ~·. · -And 1·the1oad I
t.. uii -~wn.. abod~~ "

._. Following,, that led r:e

·.. lf'• Much wondered. · .. ~·_.

~..

., ·

.• ~-

ff ow! Jeap into the pit our lire to·aa~e !
.

.

,

Id.

.'

...

....

LESSON 59.
•

..

.

<}ow?e,;. ·

•

,,,.

~

.... .

~

,

..

-4;

....

j:

f:

~
. ~

,,.

~

1i•e 1'elatiTJe placed be/t1re {l1e'tco~4.t;· wM.c'!i it .,.eJJr;.~ ..
4 ,• • '

•

•

·(

•

A

.

•

t

.

. l'l,,e auxiliary'"r~m,foedfrom t1"pf.m.c.tpat fJerb Jo 'll!hiCij,t. •
' b l

. • . e ongs.
..·

•

; ~·

.

\

\ t'

#"

..
•

1,
..

L ,..

~

f.

~

;
_..

•

..

, ...-t~,.

};

, '
~

1·

•

~

•• t..,

,_

•

t

.... •. .

~

\. 4

I~~

.... '"'
'f

"

.

I

.

...

· .',· Who ·nobln ends by no. ble '. means attains,
· ,,Or faiJina- ~mile& in exile ot'i chains, .

..

..t

~

, "

•

.

I".

.

""A breath tbo11 .art~ . ,;

ervile· tolillHh~ · . "ey ,in'fibences,

•

.,

~

· ' · ·
•

~·~

• .~ik~ &S~d Aureli~s-let ·'&r~ reign~ ~! bleed ~ ;·•. •'. ,Like ~ocrate~~-!Pat ~~? ~ gre~t 'i_ndeed.
Pope.
I

1l...

, *£•

r

<
I

.. ,;:• r~

·
,..

V,

That do this habitation, where thou keep'st,
. ,
'• Hourly affiict.
·
SlutkS\ '. ~; , . ·
.

• .".

,LESSON 40.

,.,

~ If~ whilst ·they profess only to pl~ase, tHey·
secretly advise, and give instruction, Jliey,
)~- may now, perhaps, as' well as formerly, he:·es-~~~.. . teemed with justice , the best and most
. ourable among authors.-Shaftesbury.
·:-w
~~

.

'

• ·'

l

#

I

\.

~

~

•

..

'

.

·

.....

•

I

•t

1"

..

.,. ~

' •;(-...

..

'I...

,

,1'

.....

,,,

.

~

"

•

'\

Them to the noon·d:ty toil no harv..est ~calls. . fl/OfJ~r: ,

'

.,

l

Often,

II!emory

Neither 'is religic:~~s faith unreasonable, be- ..:
r ' • ~ ·cause it includes miraculous events, nor be- :
: ·;... ca:use it embraces a seri~s of truths, which no .,. '
- !',• individual -reason . could have
ascertained, C)f ,
·· of which it may not, even now, see the ne·- '
l" • .;;( ' eessity.-Buckminster.
..
.
.

...

'

..

like . the eve~ng

of

former ,times

I{ ;,;.., •

~

..

sun,..

OD

~

eorrfes th.e. ; •
...

•

.

l '.'

. Milt~ ~ ·~

•
He scarce had eeas'd wlien the sup- criour fiend
•' • "'
Was; tno'Ying towai:da·the sh~re';· his p0Dd.'rou1~1hie1~, .,. ,,.
1~
Ethereal'tcmper,-massy, large and rooiid, .
'. •
1
Bchirld' hf~1r1c&st· ; the 'brdnd ·:c ireumference
" ·· · ,,,.
Hung on -his ~houl4~rs like the 'inooi:i, whose .or~
* Through optick-glUs tJae. Tll9C8D mist
At ~
- " - ... - r
J
..
Or ill l'HIU1111J1..

.

~

, ,_

Because he cannot always, by his short.,..

...:..er.

sipted •isiou, ~ die tendeor:ies of the
Dll!:fllv evems,. al
- h this emh h;u been
the theatre, he ·Joob on the drama of exist-

nJan.-Id,

~

.,

my .~.:....:a.-~ •

Me· miserable! twhich way shal.l l fly.~ .
Infinite wrath) and i~finit'e des~ai.r: , ·~

•

ence · around him as proceeding without a

.

~

>t

"''
1

~

..,,

Ca.mpbfll~

· ·

I

l-

nan.
• •

/i ,

.. ..,.

, Where shall I seek tby. presence? ·how, pnblamed,
. ·.
~ lnvoke thy dread pettectio~ ? t - •
•• Bar_
bati/,/.,
. Far o'er ethe~ ~preads :the wideuing glow;
-· . And, from before the lustre of her face,
~
··
White break the '\cloud& away. ·-.
:
·· ~omr(Ja. .... -

. ' A
Say, will no wbite-rob'd Son. ofLigbt,
• _', . Swift darting from his heavenly height,
· Here deip to take his hallow'd 8taDd?

't . -

~·

•

"\.

. Heaven's peace commiiCrate:·

,;._. RaQ:a not old custom made this life more sweet
<- ~1han 'that of painted pomp ?
· ._ '
ShaltS.
;l

1: ·"
;c.,

I

1

I'

'

'

R~hee, Gertrude's ~ad sutvivo~, thee alon~ · ·: : •v
·•J

hOn-

.

l*rowi8ctUYtU Eur~"''

_

~

'

.-

news

..

-

Homer was the greate'i- genius; Virgil the
better artist ;. in the e~e, we ·must admire 1ha

.
' Jfo."~

.. "'

·-r

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i~ ·, us with ~ comma.nding impetuosity ;'}Y
. rrleads·:us ~th :an '" attractiv.e . rnaje•sty. ' .

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·~el:~· sc,at~er~ . ~i,t!1 , a · generous· p~ofusion ~ 1 .
. gil b~stows, w.ith ·a careful magmficence. : ~ . ·: .
~f:~~i~ )ike "tlie. ~ile.J pcn.n·s out ·his riches wi'tf(,
.,,:;.sudiien .over o#_; Virgil, like ~ river in }.;i
: .:l)tfuks~ With ~a constant stream.-7Pope. ,,.
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'tw rttefing .ori .tb~ tower '
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•· ~ . • The new·waked child at early play,
'.~{~Who, barefoo·t. ~ri~t8t t.ho do~y green,
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'fheJlousewife trim;,and merry lout,
·,' Who sit 1be :blazing fire about:·
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,,:~lie tire(f•a>htin.·rashy .oook
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· ~I.it most: of all, the maid of cheerful spul:'-/
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