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ENGLISH GRAl\tlMAR:
· wlTH

'

PROGRESSIVE EXERCISES

.

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IN

.:

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··PARSING.·
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·ADVERTISEMENT•
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~t.ih1;~~· d~::gn
::u;

of 1µe

~r~sent ~ublicatio~

is t o p:e.

Jent :· the 'p rinciples -of English Grammar, to . the
< ~ yptmg pupil in a sirnp,le and intelligibleJorm; and
. ·'~."--· ~'. : ~Qf;l,~le,,him J.o understand the structure of the lari~
: ~: .::" guage,· ·, by · ~pplying · those . principles, in a ·serie~ .of r
·~ ·sf~:.'. · pr~gressive ·. exer~ises in par~ing. . , . .·. ·· ,,. . : ;.
.
·' · .•«•:Jn preparing that 'portion ot the work which is /~·., '. ·
i{1te'nd~d to· be .,~ommitted to memory, · it has beep ".1:/ '...
~·. '.th~ .' 1.~uthor's aim to , adapt his expression .to. t!l~ . '
" · · ,Papa¢.ities of children ; ~i'i1ce custom has deterriiin, "ed . that' grammar shall be studied befor'e the mind
!( is furnished with the means of testing for itself the .· . ;.:~·- ~ truth of any ' grammatical theory by ext~nsive read- · r ": ·
,: ) ng. The style of mosq_reaqses. of English Grammar is suited to mature 11-1inds a11<l !'nppo,ses a considerable acquaintance with good authors; that of ·
\
:l°' the 'p resent work has been simplified, so far as ap- .. .
,~ peared consistent with the nature of the .~uJ?ject_< =·=::»;;~
;·}; and the conciseness required in a manuiil/ ,_:;;;,,.."" ·
' ~ ;, : Great care and attentiou have been
t
. ~{~ the : exercises, , w;t~ . Ji viewto : r~m~Q-~: .
~'.: 1 ty.i wliicht-:~iltb.H!lni~~~aHf:
.. · ~,'.to.~an~Iy,z~j~int~n ··es·'t"'.
·~' ' th' .t'' th ':!t .:ti!, ' .
~:> ' .~.}f! - ~ -R ,sehfod!\'Sin
. .• "
.•
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.

~,q.,,

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'

ADVERT1SEMEN1'.

iv

ellipti~

·is introduced after another; the various rules and
principles are severally illustrated; and th•
and inverted
are
till th,e last . . Referent•• to the grammar are placed
., over each lesson in parsing, and a series of exercise•
in false grammar are introduced. towards the end .
. The work bas already been submitted to sevefal
eminent> instructers ' in ;,this city, ' who 'bave been
pleased to express their approbation of tlle manner
in which it is executed; and.it is believed tllat tl1e
course of instruction, prescribed in it, will greatly
facilitOte the Jabours .of the teacher, at the same
11\a\;
the pup\\ .0 f ,r1Ja'I y .d.i
t1eS, '" d make. hill) ,t
bl y
\)Je
general pnnc.1p\es,of Engbsll. _GJam,mar,·,, ·. , " ,, ·
~ Bos.toJ!, A'.ugu,st ~~t~,}~· 1, .• , ,

c~I

form~;, o~ 1~ip~e~siOn

,ti~!r'

\~'-rill, r~\ie!~
borou~ acquai~ t~d. :"'.'\~,ffi~ul­

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11. four ·

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. ~TYMqLOGY.

I :.

. · 24: The names ?f particular persons or pla~~s,
as George, 1Vew-} ork, London, are called proper

(

,':c~l\cd ·s~rnivowfel~- ~ semivowels,

\ \\
1
i ' ''

..

no~~~· Those

namely ' l, m, n,'.r ,
.
cl f,0 rm a
nited in one soun '

names which may be applied to niany.
,different things of the same kind, as man, house,
t tree, are calle<l common nouns. These are the ~
I
f .
n·.·ames o.f- whole c asses o thrn,.
.
f

d8
are ca\lea liqm :1 ,
\ ' \',
12. Two vowe s, u
i · : ·,
i > \l
diphthong. .
ls united in one soun d ' form a.
•' ·•
,
PERSONS oF ' No rs.
13 rVhree vo\VC ,
\ \ \\
triph~hdng.
h . gns or expressions of our
'" · 26. ' 'Wh~n a' person or thing is addre~sed or spo-.
1 1 II
• 14. 'Vords are t ~ Sl
. tten or spoken .
ken to, it is in the second person. .
. . '. .. ' .
~ '\ \'\
.hts or ideas, either wn ·
oken at once, that , . .-~•-~.'. . 27. - When a person or thing is spoken o. f, ..it. is. _
in
%
thoug S much of a word as. is s~
\led a syl\;).blc.
_;,·.· ·, "'
~,\\ \\.
- 15. . o
.
f the voice 1s ca
.
_ .~.tne tl1i.rd person . . _
.· '··:. ' ..
~
" '. ' 'th one motion
'd contains b1.,1t one
' .,! 28. In the sentence "C,ome hither, Charles/''.t he
't .\ .
is, wi S et'1rnes a who.l e wor . .
fil·
•,
16. om
.
.
.
-~j-:. · .~ : ~10t~.n, . C~arles, is in the second person, · because
1
. h \ \\
... ' .
..'
.
all l monosy •
, Ch I ..
!Ii ii
,- syllable.
d f one syll.a ble is c ec a
.
ar es '1s spoken to.
'
. -_
0
~I.
'
17. A WOT
.
d
a·1ssyll~- ~ f.' 29 •. In the sentence " I have called Charles,'' the " :
.·
~\ \ \\
lable; as 11ian.
.
Uables is calle a
i
noun , Charles, is in the third person, because
~· l\ \ \!
18. A word of two sy
. .
-~harl~s js spoken of.
- _, .
, \\I I\
" ble ; as manly.
e 8 Habl es is called a tnsy a- '
'" · ' -· '· · · ' GENDER OF NOUNS.
19. A worlu• ~~stln·c y
. bles is called ; 1. ... ~; 30. Gender is a distinction of nouns with regard
Hi ii
. ble ; as man · .· · ·
e than three sy 11 a
.
I\\\~·
,. qo -· A ·word of mor
,
I' to sex.
' l\ t\l
"" · ·Hable . as universal.
. ~.
. 31. There are four genders of nouns, the mascu·
· l':~\\
~po1ysy ,
'
.___._,...&.
. line gender, the feminine gender, the neuter gen" \\'tl\
. · ETY1\t10LOG Y·. .
rts of J :·" de'r, and the common gc~1der. . .
.
~- \\ \iJ..
·
y treats of the <l1fle~ent 80
:l2. Those nouns which s1gmfy ammals C?f the
~..:_
~1. Ety~o1Zg
aml their <lcrirntion.
dii: male kind are of the masculine gender; as man,
" : 1fJ
words, their c rnnge~ the Enrrlisl1 language are 'z. [ JnJ.ll. .
.
1'",:
22 . .The ~ord~o~ts callel' parts of spccc~~~:~c~ ~:~ 33 ...T~ose ,nouns whic~ ~ignify aninpls _of the
:_M
vide<l wto nine _'
~our-;, the 1\RTICL E, the
<Lfemale kmd are of the fcmrnrne gender; as ·woman,
1
". t~ SUl\STAN'l'IVE or the VEJ.lB, the AJlVERB, t 1e·:10N it ~r,COW. '
.
'
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·~'
~; PRO,NOUN, CTlON and the INTERJEC
• w,·
34. Those which signify things which are ooj[ er
~~
·- ' t\ CONJ UN
'
'
'
"Mr~• ~.4'°~.:.
.
o~, _ .~~ ,
NOUN~
·..,-'~ 1 males. nor . fo~a~e~ are of the neutergend~r/a~ '.&~t ...
. • . . ,.
·
\.tn is the name ?f ~n.y 1r ·~ i11ok. ..
.
, '.~~~ · '"~~ ' :-,"·
.
ve or no .
f which" e 1, "h1. .. .. " " ' ~
•
.
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-~·
,,,·
•
incr th at e:ost.s, or o d
hon-1'.---~ -:;· :" .
.
.
., . .
-· ,
.
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·n tun .goo ness,
.,., . .
::,~~:
.. ·t , ..
\. \.\

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ENGLiSU GRAJ\ti\IAR.

:: li:l\YltoLoa'·4....;.~ •• %.}'

35. The common gender is when the noun may
be · either masculine or feminine ; as, bird, friend,

parent.

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I

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.36. Number is the consideration of an ob~ct, as
one or more.
,.
37. Nouns are of two numbers, the singular and '
the plural.
,
•
· 38. The singular . number expresses but one object; as, boy, !tat, book.
89. The plural number expresses more object&
than one ; as, boys, books.
.- .
40. ·Some nouns are used in the singular number
only ; ·as, wheat, gold, p1·ide, patience, &c~ .Other
nouns are used in the plural number only; as, asltes; '
_sdssors, &c. Others are the same iu both num- '.
bers ; as, deer, swine, &c;
. 41. The regular plural of nour,1s is form~d . by .
adding s to the singular; as,
Sing.

l'l11r.

Sing.

Sinr
·, 1 lt'f ] :o' r , 1 . , Plor. ,
. J
fl. ' "•
,h, '" ~ ·1., . • Jes j

.·

.9,,.

,
•
S'
~ : .. •' I ing
..
. . . bea.ut'y ' trl 1r~ f1.llr,,.f':r

"

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·

.,-.,"'·-. .
..
. ·
·· . .. " .• , 1 oeautie · ~ ·
<),5. But if y ha
"'·
ve a vowel b· fi "' f1t· .., .. ti• 1 ·· r~j:q,-·~;..;
' ·· . .~!'
1
regu ar ~ as,*
_... . ,·.... } .ore ,it, · th,~ plutahis , ·
--~,!' Sing. ,,,:,·•., p
.
. . "•"!J! . ..•
· •.• . • ·4·,+:
'·
k
. Jur. !·i····· s·
·. .
.
" ' ·!
1
. ey,
keys;
~inr. ·
·;.P1iir.wi'( . !•R " ·.
. f~46 1 s'. • .
~; .
~ ay, . delays • :..;;
~ ril·:.f }··.
...
·.1(.l •
, . . . Ome nouns are . 'still ,, . . . . -. . ,, ..• ...:,:• . . .
,..J ' Smgul1111
Pl
'
more Irregular . as ..
." '. man," '.- •: " 1~. · m:~'. 1 ..i. 1 ~inguJa~.
p 10 ;;;· 1~,·it~ ,~ ~r:·
· (., ,woman
'
foot, ' '";l-' 1k feet ! .'..if1: .
-'
~1t:ih ' h' 'l 1 ,_
.women. tooth i~ • •\. ;
'
, ~· :-...
.
.
·":·! · .C 1 d. t.•1. : ·· ich'Jd
'· ·
, ·. " · " teeth ~· ,., . -: :"'•· · ·, ;: ·
.,
, "
I ren. , d' "
.
•· ··- ,,. ,_,
- .
· ' '<f"1J·: ,mouse ...
·
' " ie,·
·.n'ldfoe · ·).T-11 =': ·>. ·.;.·:'.
'..
't·i ·" '1i1 "' .. ~! ' - m1~e;
•·1'?",·i·
.. "-: . .
4i M ' ·" '· · "· ·
· · 'penny \ •~ · pen · '·r,
il" )•:-·J! • ·
'· r~ 1 •·. H .·. ~D}') ~o?ns. ·adopted fro · ~n '.. " . •rr:t~0f- r·ri~ij;·~·"· ·;. ·..·

"

•'

NUMBERS OF NOUNS.

. 1·

.,'

'

'.:

: S1ngnlnr.
.J'\~~. ~.~.~~r: ongmal ·plural
: " m f~-!f! 1 g1J..l~nguarreaf''.': .. _ -:
·
•
~'- .,_ .Q (-~ ~:O . :
·
Cberlib'

S

i .1q~i . t1 PlurnJ.

' h •. • .·

. .
Cherubi1n · ~

1

'

s·

• ' .

. .1

:

•

. • ,. ,._: ·;,; •• (;ik'"

• Drngular•. \. '- Plural

'

r,· •:\'!5,f·

. ," :"'.
'.i. 1 :.

er~p .• · ·• ' · Seraph' ' ·
. atum; -' 'Data :.·.- · · · ··--~· ~k-"":· :..' ~~ Antithesis ' . .i· A . •m. "" · · · ' Effluvi -~ Em •. . . . ·.,..;,A· ,'.: . .
A t
r
·" .:
ntitheses ··i .;,. E ·
u"f'. "iuvia · . f.~ '\~~. _.. ·
u .0111aton • . Aut
• . '. nco. •: ~ 1 Enc .' . .·, •" - .. : .

llas1s,

l'lnr.

.

. B

omata.

... ruiurn . .

om!a or ' . .' , . ..

a~e~.
E
•
Encomium• . ; :·. · ·
. . ., ·
C r1s111
dove, doves ;
thought, thoughts.
.
· :'
't •. . "!n, 1· C nses
G rratum
.
• E rrata.
. ~· ·.. ···
0 , ;
C
4'2. The irregular modes of forming the pl qr al .;
.
. ri1 er1on
C ·l .
" ·'
en1u• : G ·· t
Di'recl~~·is. 1: · .
n~· errn,
Genus"' .. G enu. -" . ' f. ,
'.:
number are as follows: When the noun in the.sin:.
, EUjp~is • •::1 , 11 E 1 ~r'esee. . I
•.
e ~1era. t · r 1 .
,
gular number ends in x, ch, sli, or ss, the plurul ii
• ' Em~ph·1s I ·, · . ···n.• E 1 1 ipses • .,, · ndex· • · •' J nc 1 1ce11- or. ··1
11
, Hyp
'.
- · li.lphases
.
L . .
ndexes. 1 ' '11 r : 11J
formed by adding es ; as,
·
.
Metao
1es1hs
•.
,
Hypothe!~s . . MardIJ.ma.1. · L11mina:; " ·:;, )(n.
Sing.
Plur
Sing.
l'lnt.
motp OR1s.
· Metarnorpliot1e9
•
·•
. Ph~uon
Mae ium • ' M edia. :. :1«1·1:. ·1
fox,
foxes ; ·
flash,
flashes ;
ienon. ", Pl)znorneno
.
gus. ' Magi. . . i' . - .
church, churches;
mass,
mas~es.
,, . • i Appen.dix, , . ] ,Appendices.
r~redn10.
Memor11nda or
..
,
A
.
•
.11 um
M
43. When .the noun in the singular ends inf or : •' ArC:ii~um
· ... 1, 1; , ppend1.xe@.
Rad· •
e~~oraµd1;1rus.
• ., ,'.·.
Arcana. · .. ..
•us • ., Radu.
.. - >-,:· .~
fe, the plural is formed hy chariging f orfe at the ·.
A XI!(,{
I" I , \ ' i\ '· A
..
s.taruen 1st . ,. •
<: • I 1.' , .
c
xes.
r. . • .
•
amma · ''"' '· .,,._ . . . _
. e%P,f:the word info. ves; as,
.

,
1

I

•

J

ii

1

· ·· · Sino-,
0

Plur.

·

Sing.

,.

'. ,

Plur.

.
"Ioa f,'·' 'loaves;
· wife, , wives.
._ . 4.·~When ,.~he noun in the singular number . e 11 d~
in;" · .," 1ith a·ifon~onant before they, the pluraf is.
ro~· ., . d by changing !J into ics ; as,
~'.
'
.~'1;
'

.'I! .

al~ • .

.. . . . Calcee. .

. . ~ltatuo-,,·

;· Stra~a·: !·j 'it.'J~·~k\: ~ :;~~

·•':
.
orlex.
· · Vort1c .......
a '
~: , ·
· 7 ~,
.. 9
.
.
. ti,·.
•J . ,.......
'
.
. . orne exceptions t 0 h. .
. ~ ·.
. ·,., ', . ' • .'· ,. •.
., 1\'riters a 1 t
f is rule nr •
.
· .,..
'' -\ · ., , :· . · . •
,. " ' . . ' a torney, attornies
e Justified by the lluth ·.
. : . . ·r, ~ 1;
··
· ·
.
orJtf of.good··... · ~'
' .·;· t _yemi,
wJ1en denot'10
.
::
. .. .. ~ .... ;.
· " Oil,!! ofgeniu1 •
.
. . ·~ · ···t i. ,·,,! ·i:,
• , fl . amcJ 11pirita ; GettiUJJe
.!
a, \\hen 61gwfy10 ~ er• .. ..~,
I

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:

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·--·
, ..; i 1~:.fYMOLP,GY · ' . '

ENGLISH GRAMMAlt.

10 '

'

CASES OF NOUNS.

.

'
'

,~' 3: . ·:-. English nouns
!I i

...

.

..

, · ' .,. i · · !'•'"~
are .thus .declined

,

. .

48. Case, in English Grammar, is a name given :·i: f-; . 58. Nom · t"
Sinw
•
· :· ·
,·
to the relation which a noun has to other words: in . r·
,.Pos sesszv
ina. ZVea
;Case.
Boy"'u. ar.
• . . .'• ........
··i.t
. . ' BP!ural
oys. ~; '' t ', . '
the same seriten ce.
.
.
·
). ' :. :,' . · Ob . . e. ase. ' · .•Boy's.' , . B 0 ; C" ·
49.
are three cases, th_e N om in
case,
J;, ;: , ; ,',; ··
Case.
Boy. · · , ys_' -_ .-! : :;: ' "
1 "· "
the Possessive case, and the Objective case.
'. ., o9, Nominali 0.
· s10.,1.; . "!oys,•
50.. Thef nominative case· usually expresses 'the
.. !· · ... rr ..."/ . ,
;-..,
q,se:·"
,
·
MlueraJn.
e '--'ase
, M
• . ..· .. 'f:.
re at1on o an agent or actor. ·
, 1d b ,
."' :·,;,.·'l·-.-, .·,.,};.. Obiective''
FY
• • -' ~
a
s.
.
.
Men'.
:r .'i.11 ...
'-'llSe
M
B. ' ".·
" :_
, ;; ;.
1
.
..
en tie person .. or tung
exl'ress~ y a -; '':'.!'1~~:,,:,; .;;>' .'. :.""' · .. , an•. :. Min., . ": ::'
l
51 isWh
noun
spokenl of as · actmg, the notm ii said tq be
.. · rJiJ -~ ~if.,i:-.'./;:.tf'", · · <
"A.'RT · ·· J .. , . >'l ~- ;:-: ; ·l '. ~
nominative case to that verb which expresses the
:
_J CLE. , · ! ..: : . '-" :·: :
1
action. ' As in the sentence, .Tohn Writ?s, the '
·
attended
John is nommat1ve· case to the verb· writes..l · ·
::· pomt
? to:
·
f
61 .Itrn y,..,r· ,,:. • - . e article, which'i"s used
52.
rn possessive case expresses the re at!0 1_1? , ~' )I\ .H·"l3ttt)~e' articles ~r · ·
, ' , ,_ . . . .;; . .-~'.«," . .,
,
Tl or owner.
a possessor
"
.· 1·
: cle.a gr an is ·call d e, a,_ or an .and the. T~' · : '' ._i '.." ..
53. The noun which
the owner is in the
'',
mdelinite ,article.-. ·
.-.,;:
possess1 ve case. It 1s easily known by the a
_, '<\W
•t'!.
'.o.lll ''. 0
ww_d, one ; .
_-.-y})"
p he, .and general!y, the Jette.rs ; as, Joh n's ,4at. .
..
'J';'<" .¥f ..
f" m , the ,siQ
. . . 3 /,-. ,
, 54. Plural nouns, endmg ms; form the possessive f
ti.; £"8 '" ' ·."" , ' , " .. , 1
-'• -::·
by add mg an apostrophe on! y ; as, " The Mechamcs'. , ' . 1 8
p';,i n"t
called the definite;
':
• ·
Bank." >
,
'.
• '. • ,.thmgs;_w.hich , ha Ve bout some. particular thin ic e".
.
55. Soln eti mes also, the possessive sin gu1ar" !Jf i ,
I, ).\nowJl'. " ,,een mentioned before · g rnr_:.
nouns ending in ss is formed by allding an apos;
·,
" .· , .
trophe only; as, "For goodness' sake."
.J~ °~'-P.1.u'ral .uurnber. ,~ ,nouns e1th.e r in the 13 . ' .
56. The possessive singu 1ar of.nouns ending in t1.A;;,:; ·;, ;.·..,., · · ··•·
: .,
1 • ,.
mgu" ' ·
1
' ., . '. ·.,;\
· ':
'·
a single s folio ws the general rule ; "" ")\(r. Wil· >ff )1.- :,-; ' ,\'.': '' ADJEC · · ..'
liams's store."
·
l h,.64. ·'!hose words wh.1 l1TIVE. .
. ' •
.' .
· '57. The objective case usually expresses _the_ re· :
a•, gootJ, great
express, the
,;1
lat1on of an object acted ~p~n :* as, ~'Jo~m strikes . ,~Y&·,3or, "~ .~· ". . .' . andsome, are called ad'ec-~-- ·. .
Cfiarles," Here O/iar les 1s JO the oh,1ectIve case.
· ' . " ' /in -,adJecti ve is ·
· ·
"
,, · J . ·: .' >·., ":
Naming the cases and _num hers of a noun in their'
,q 9,ality, · ', ::a w_ord •·added to a
-i
6
··
order IS called dechmng it.
..
. '
...
ffi<?St of the
r. .
. ' :. , .. _,:,.,.
'.
.
..
..
,
. .
. . ." -~.of be mg increased o q U8!hes of things e ca . _', :'-~·
• :r>""'" '""'"·' """ ,,;..,,_..,, """""''""" by ""b1oo••'.
of ,
r !essened, the ad· "';. pa · .. ;:
.ea&li JD connect1on \JHh the prepos1l10011,
. degree,
COffiparJSOn
. .JeC degree
!Ve has ·<"::1_
'~. - ~
.
, pe
-,, ::.:.COmpar
:~ , .attve
and 1! the pos1~1ve
:it"'·· \ 1.. •
.
t w superlative degr
''" "'~
, •· ...., ·
ee ·
··

The~e

. \

\

~
. ~l

.

~

0

~

1

atiy~

~'.ctwe

i~·i lf '.~:P.os~essi'v've

,M~"'

o.,\JO;:;;n~:'.:,.~~~,._ ,no~n. ~ P,~ft, pf,,,spe~ch·,,c~;7eJehneraJ1.y"

out1 ~.

si~nifies

po~tro-

~

\'~

by j ~ ·~h . ,~.

,~t,.

~.~.~r!ri ~~e,,samC '. ,m~a~be
f,~_e; El~f~·q tg ·~ J~.e .
~,um ~~r"~';;i.iH
~( ~\;1~,04_~s

an~~-~'

" \.~. mll!'-~<li,to,.

;~f

,;_6.l!;.J')•~.- ~!ficJO'

,w1~l
·r:.~,:_I(is pl~ced befo~
1

:.-mg~,;-,

~ ~ -~

~

~-~~re:s~ ,it~
·t , A~

;~rti• :·;:~
~(

~ ~"_

~ or:~re

qualiiie~','~f,;

~·

~~·~·:degrees

i

~g;;%~' .

~

n~~n" 'i:;; "('. ~

'

' :tt

,.

· ·---.'

'

·.~ r.;~/,'.':;,>i:·,··:~· '

.12
':. 1

-

.

~

NoLtSH ,.

1.

~··

super

ve .;

·t ·.

··,,:.'...
.· ~ ' ETYMQLOGY.~~~'
· · ' · ·i·
.'

je~ti

·•t,: •·'·· ...,,, ,.'..;..

·:·

:; · ' ·

.

··

v74'. •Those 'ad

,.·' . .. . '

ves ' Which ·exprOSS';; u ni.bef; .as; ·

~.re~..
hr_ ~e,fl_v_e, &_c~ a.r~.;~ia!Je_, ? : 1~Pl1:1e:~~!1 . ~?J~ct.~ye~_.:' '
1
,..~,~""
~;!{1>(,/.;:;
·75~ P,~onp? .iv.o~d ~ inste~d ~oun.
~s,
tl~0~'
:
4
e'
1
wRlkS,)e)llns;
this,'sen~
.,..,,,.~
1
11
·
, dei:re~ "·X. " 1 H-:b~J·· P>, .

b
't"ve rave, comparative
"
d ,.a n t com1Jared
r
'.,. · '·.. : ;. ·•· '·
·! ·fr.'. "'tw(J'
. ·as. ' pos1
·•
. t'ive ·degreeia
1.:
·" ·•.,
. t \1 .
•, h, . ' 0mpara
..
. '· . . .n
., .• :
•' • .'" ·•,
'" ,;, ,-r·· •.. . • '····
.
. ,,,:,::'
. .
braves . " .
Ila
bl
es
t
e
co
to
the
pos111ve.
:
,\r
;t)i
...
'".
i PRON0 UN. ... . .•. . . '. ' :. '.' .\ ....
" : 67. fn ;on ed by adding
med by adding
.\/;· ,
,,
.
.
"· .
" · . . · .' ·
19
, genera!¥heo::•perla ti ve degree
or ·
, ·, c
' l' .;
:A·
n .is a
of ·a.
68.
h ositive.
liable the com- , '·.. tO'liilpil! 'repeating I.he noli)J too. often :
"Ge\jrgq»
69
st or est .to .t ed P f 'more than one syd .. '- "prefixing 1 !·
lie' escapes." .,- In
·
·In wor so
ll forme "7J
•
,
·
111 4 -- · "d"· ..,
. 1 h
G
· · ·r.
'1'
·. '
.. degree iS genera dyth.
superlative.
• :,:..tep!f '\"• ;..a,w ., , repeatmgp e.noun; . eorge, . ,our
10
e
tve • , ';
''" limes,, ,n us mg"th
,. , n, .·he. . • ..· · · ., ....
parat1ve . ·
or less ; a11
the pos11
.. e pronuu
" w-··,
,•, .-. '.-'· ...
1
fixing
the
wor
.
·sons
are
as
o
I
, '
.· '"'·
.
P
, · "" ,. · .•.
the word more
d molt or least
f. llows: ·
.. ..
kin_ds'o_fpronouns, . n
. af!l, e.I..y,_
b Y·pre h regular ccJtn pan . ' ""'"'"""' , .. . . : ) '. \.P.er1.01j!al, Jl..ejap v,e aiid AdJect.1 veo ronoun s;:••· :.'.J:r: '. . · ·. :
70. _T e ,,, ·compR<>""·
,. ,. •Greatest.
ii/''J .. ,, ,., t "" .. I PRONOUNS.
. : ' · !', :
' ..
.' IP"'""' .. , Greater' '· 1 " Wisest.
·· .
. , ,. . . ,, . , ,. .
. , "·Most-frugal. :
_7.
' ; " ) Wiser,
· W se
··
te
,,..,,. "" · · .. .,.
· '
·· ..
· ·· ·
·
· · ....
I •I
More . ruga •
.' Most fortima .:' .. ' riiO11; ,;.,.. ... •,. and IT;' ;.;, .\.,,,.,I·"' •:. ;;.. p:. . : : •T 1' « • . . . '
F ruga ' te 1· • More fortunate, .' t 'or ,;;;cen ted '
Ve ,tQfee i·P.•rsons,; .anf.1 . ·
l Fortuna ; bles ending in Y.• e m?
co)Dpam\
. . ;;1
71. Dissy
may be sometim · " •
·:;·;,.
person, or pe<Eon speakrng. " .
on the
s.e cond person, Qr person
.
00 last. rrables ;
like monos Y . 'Comp•«•""· ., , " · Happiest..,,.. to. ·' \.:, 'le OH -ii' •
'
· · · · ''·
· ' " ·.
0
P "'"'·
, : Happier i · " ·
N blest. , ; .. 1 ; .• •":1;
·th.i .third person ·maS'culinC; or«malc .
· H •PP Y'
Nobler,
. ." . : · Poli test.
... jier1olupoken 0£ ' ·
·
. ; t" ... 'i ''''
Politer, '" .
inon use arO..irle-, ,
iHc i hird person (eminine, or
.
· tives of very com
, · pels01j. s1101ien.0£ ·
•·
·
· " "'
8
71!. Some
th us, ·
,,,,.1.ti.o.
: . . . • ·t,'S:f": I'\' J;.) hC third person neuter, and represen tir; . ,
1
gularly compa
'c°'"'"'"""·
. · Best. . .
neuter
or common gender;
·•
p,,,;,,' ·
.
. Better•
. Worst:,i'
'.;;,
Pronouns are
d
/
Good'
. a . ,Worse' .
" ' Least.
. .., ,.,.,,:,,,,,. . '. c,,,f. . . .. ·''"'"''" "'
',, ':
,f'
Bad,
Most.
. . " " irs,(,;;.:;;.;_.Nq'i\-.," . , " I. : · ·
· · We. '' ' >.>. . '
1\1 ill, or ev .' . Less, ''
Little,
·
More, .
Nearest or
·: · Mine.
·Ours. ...., ;,J.
'h or many, .
.'
.
1 t -J ; 'r _,,;, . ; ,,
'
., U
. "·. ..
uc
.
Nearer,
.
·
L
atest
or
as
.
'
''"
'.
""':
\..Q.,,
;, '' Jlle. : " ,
s.
'.,,_, ..,..'"
N
'
,01.
.
ld st . •filo ,,.,,,_ "" ·. ... ""• .
.. .
ea;'
Later• . • elder,.
or , ·' .. ond.f;
.; ,1 ,,',,, :l'hou or .y6u. · . Ye or you, 'i
'
Old er
d ·t ·of con\par
, . T hrne or
You'": ,
·
' not a nu · '·,
,. .•Dij. · · Thee or you. YQu, · · ·
. 73
' Some
· adJ'eetives do
· •'
·
,
·\ ·
·2
as, H!Jzn flt ' etm·nal.
. , .' . ,.
.

~sy

t

oR~~MAbR~ver !~ti

~I

' .r.

;':. .1:>· •i' . ·:.

.

Gr~at,

~~!~:::

L0a1~ '. :c

r ~ e;

~

~

.t,74'~!6~_rfth ~'.re:;ar.e' thtee
';:i,f.~{P1i(:PJ<asoNA~,
:'.).'; :"'.! f.~;· :•;
~·fT.here:ai:e · five.person_~_Ipronouns;·_namelyiJf;;~1<<::
i1!78~rli'lf1n'.'Dl')liil~~(;·
iffp(~Mu'n~a1;ci.'b,raiiiO~;' iik~·1i,e no~ps
';;.lfi~tii'fell_~~~
79,;}.'W:.\~e;,nrst

e~s
~!able, as, ".. '"'"''\''"
' ,,·, .~{'ll!'i~il/.J,!J{ IS.• t.he
Bl.~H~!•.
·~~~°.

~po~en

-~;";'!l~'lt'l~

!\;botj~.of.:tJie

~~o;~.T; ,!1~.;J?ersonaL
ne~t 'i\i{il~;
!_i, ,.~.•~ 'l:,;.. ,•1',·+~psiess:
Old~st ~ "?~~ ~"~""~assess.
-:'N~rn,;
v<:

f~~a!'l,

lpoken'~t<

1'.·~ "~>-

th~s Pl·~•.
ecJ1n~?:"-'"'~•'\

your~.

-

..., .~- '°":•··

'"

· t·

'

14
Third
Possess.
Obj. ·

~fas.

·-.

. T!tir.d.
;-. .

.

....
•;

\

ENGLISH ' GRAMMAR.

117. When a participle. loses the signification of
time and expresses a permanent quality, it becomes
a participial adjective; as,'' running streams, bloorn- ,
ing orch.a rds." Some adjectives are originally par:ticipial adjectives _; ·as, unhonoured, unwept." ::; .·
·
118. When a participle has no substantive in the
sentence to which it may be referred, it become~ a·
participial noun, as " Walking is good exercise."
" G.reat estates are Qften made by saving · small
sums."

.I

.I

!! I
llf
[ij

.

'•

..

~~

[! '. .
t '\

I

r l

..

ENGLISH ' GRAMMAR.

t '.

'20

.

......

~

132." First ·Future •Tense.
.

Singul ar.

·

.

r.· r ~haWor will have .'

or

~. Thou slrnlt
wilt: hav~.
3 He shall or will ha've. ·
•

~

f

! ·: "

,

• 1

.

•

ru··

• 1.

· ·:

Plural. (' .,

·.,

.

we Eh all ' or will.11,ii've; '

~·~ Ye oryou,shal!or wi!l/1av1 .
3. They .'s hall or .will have • .

.

.. ,, f

.

· • *i >! tt •

..

'1:-,
•i.··l

133. ,~e~on~ FUi!'lf.re ..T~. ~se .. <! ;; .•

Sm gµlar.

1 iural. ·

t. I shall have had. ,
1 .. :We !!hall have bacl.
2. Thou wilt have had . ... \ ·' 2. · Ye or' y'ou will have had.
3. He will have h.a d. .
3. 1:hcy "'..ill haf~ ~~d· \ " i

Wh en 11. quostio~ is ' ~ ske d, which 'occtirs ,only in tho In<lic11.tivo an<l
Potential moods, th e pronotin or SIJbstantive is placed after the verb, .!Jr
its.firstauxilim y ; ns,
·· "1· !: ~._,,. ... ,
.. • '"
it
Singul ar •.·
. , , · ... ;e
Plural. • 1, , - · ·
Ilavo 11 . \ 1
Uave we! , ~
Hast thou 1 ·
. '.
· Have ye'! '
,
#"
,. · " '
H11.she! 1• •:~ ~
''" .• ,<· Havetbey1
I"
In like manner, "(e..i;ay, 11 Have I had 1" "Shall~ hav~. ha~,l'.' ' "May I
·have 1" " Do I Jov e 1" 11 Am I Joveil 1" &c.
,
.. .
·

134.
-

.. •

IMPE.RATl\': E 1MOQD.
• •

•

'

Singular.

wanting.
2. Have thou, or do thou
· ha ve.
' •i 1
~.
wtJ.
nting:
"
; rt ;.
f ,

1.

"·

0

'

•

.

.J •

J

. . "\

Plural
.. ·
~ \
t
'
.
1. - - wanting.
2. Have ye,' or
ye ~r. you .
have.
"·
11 .•
3.
'
, 1,:ioan,ting:

do

~-i; i;r!. f'J ·i

..

\

~,

; ~1-~~D· !; I' {
,,,J.135. Present Tense. · l .. ;,~;.,

i ·

_· ~~~.~~. T~~\~

·,

:

Singular.{.·:·.'"- , ..,
. Plural!.. .'1··.:;i:l ·1f r :
· 1. l may, .cat\ or must ·have. • J. We cµay, .ic'an'' 'i>r ' must'"
':
·' ;: ' '. ' ' ·
hav~. · 1:·i ,: .' :), r '> !l l ! ,.~.
2. T.hou mart, ·c.an.st \. o~
f>r .you may, can or,:
' must hav,e ... :..
.
must hav~ ~ , 'f·· . . ~
.
:3. He may,.. t can·
or
must
3.
They
maj,
·can
or.
must-:
J' ! r; ~{! .i I •
h·
.... :1 .. I ' : ' I ... C
}' have'. , , .. , . . "·- ., 1 •••
ave ~-~·1 1 ~ .~· 1 . ... .':: 11 . (

... "¥c

•i

;: · :.· ·: . 136: d irnp~rfcct .. Tense. ·: f~ t-.::: .i .~

··

r,

/

11 :

' Singular.
, .,,
...
. .. ' .Plural.
· ·
·'
.
"
•
. ,, '\ \ ' t : '
'
•. 1 might, coul,~1,, ·'i" ?ul?, o_
r.· L \.We migt~ (, ~9µJd, would,
. should have..
. ., r
. or shoulc\.9 ave. 1 I 1 1 ·
'. Th o•i , mie-h b:t, coi1l ~l:~t ~·, 2. Ye o:r; Y.?~ ;·miP,;h t,.·.~ou!d '
::Wouldst,or s,ho11.ldst have·~ :
wot1ld, or. ~hould ,h;\Ye·
e

might~

coult.11, ' v/ould,

':r should have.

"'~' ~·~·>.. ·. ;,, . ,

~

3. They migh't :'ctihld;~·~· ould
or should have.
·

.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
.'.l . . ' \

143. First Future . Tense. I
Singular.
1. If I shall or w1·11 have.
'lt
2.• If, thou s h·a lt or w1

3.

Plura .
' II have.
wr or w1·11
1. If we s hall
' or hall
2. If ye or you s .
.

have.
·11 have
If he shall or w1 S

144.

,hac •
~hallhh '1\v~ave
had.
If thou ' •
had

l

Singular.

he •hall ""'•

wil~ have.

'1

lffyt~eoy·

·

-:.

~., _, ;--,

·.

Pl uraJ.
-·
1. We 'shall 'or' wi'JJ bP, 'ti .!'

1. If we s·h:a II . have
I . 11 ha
have• had.
r yon s 1a ·
2.1
shall have had • . .

3.

· .·.

'b:id.

MOOO. -

Perfect.

145.
t 'I'o have.

Presen .

rh 8 h 11 or·
have.
.L

l~FINJTIVE

t. If I

;: Ir

•

3 If th e y a
nd Future
en$c.I
eco
.
Plura .

J51;r,ipirst ·':PJture 1,Teti;~,i ' ,

'J.'.o have

·

46 Partici.p1es ..
1 ·
. Havmg.
Present or .flcltv~;,. Had. . .

Perfect or Pa.mv 't
Compound Perft.e .

Having had.

ter verb BE~

.
f the . irregular neu
Conjugation o
TO BE. ·. .

...

.

..

IND.lCATIVE MOOD.

147.
1.
l am. art.
2 Thou

'

3: He, •he,

Present Tense.

1 we are.
e ey
or you
are.
23,•. yTh
are.
.

I ,.

.

or '{:113: Im1"fi[:.ct Te~.~:;,.1.
I

Thou wa~ t.•

3.

·

wa~.

,.

1 We were.
2.· y e o r. yon were •

Singu a r •
. 1. I was.

2. He

.•:

I . ~! ·;·

J

·~

3 . The"· were.

1 ig Per+ect T ense. I
.

J'

Plura.

.
.
, Sing-nlar.
1. W e ha\'e l)een.
have been.
.been.
.
yove
I hav•
.
2 • .T e or I.
11 been.
00
• ,
ha•t been.
· 3, They >a
,
2. fh I th or
heen.l
·+ect ;Tense.
.
: He "
150. P "P"J' ·
Pima!.
.
;. .
We had been.
1. y or yo u had been.
had been.

l

ha~

~: T~PY

:

ENC.LISH ·GR.AMMAJt •

24
.I

157. Pluperfect Tenst.

l

Plural.
Singular.
t.
We
might,
could, would,
·1. l might, could, would, or
or
should have been.
should have been.
2~ Ye or you might, could,
~. Thou mightst, couldst,
would,
should have
wouldst, or shouldst
·been
..
1
•
.
.
have heen.
3.
The,.y might,could,would, ·
3. He might, could, would,
0~11bould have been.
or should have been.

I
'i

or

,\

,,.

SUBJUNCTIVE .MOOD.

-

158. fresent Tense.
1

Plural.
1. lf '\e be.
· ·
· 2. lf ye or you be.
3. If. they be • .

Singular.
t. If l be.
2. If thou be.
3. If he be.

I
\

I;

I'

Ii.

159. Imperfect Tense.

:\

\\
I,
I

· 160. Perfect'
Tense
. .
.
'

1

l''

'. l,··

Plura1.
l i If we were.
2. 1f ye or you were.
3. · If they were. ·

Singular.
1. If 1 were.
2. If thou wert.
3. lf he were.

'

Singular.

t. 1f I have been.
2. lf thou hast been.
3, If he hath or has bijen.

~lural.
·
1. I'fll"We liave been.
2. If ye ·or you ha\'e been•:,
3. If' they han been. ·

161. ·Pluperfect Tense.

"

Singular.
If l shall or will be.
t,lf.. thou sh~t or wilt be.
~J f be shall or will be.

t.

11 ...

7'' j .

·•
26

ENGtISH GRAr:1MAR.

170. First Future

Siouu~lar

T,l)leunr~~:

~hall
Jove.~

· .
.
l I •h•ll ,",
I love,lt
c.'• . Thou sha t or w1
love.
ill love.
•
3. He !>hall or w

They••• "

h e
.
Singular.
loved.
av
I
shall
1.
'It
have
love
2. Thou ·1\~lh ve loved. d •
WI

a

d

Plural.

love~.

love . 1. Wes hall have.
' II have
y or yon w1
d
2. T
3.
. ehey w1·11 have love. .

USE OF THE

AUXILIARY DO.

·170 Present . Tense.

• ,,;,,
S 10 11
· ,,. Jar.
I do love.
"
Thon dost love. .
r.
3 He does Jove.

\
Plural.
we do love.
1
2.· Ye or you do Jove;
3. They do love1

~:
·

173.

Singnlai:.
I did love.
'
Thou d;<l<t lovo.
3 : He d_·,a. love.

~·

"·

3.

Plum!.

J

.

we did love. · ·
J
21
• .Ye or von did Jove.
They d;d love.
·

s:

1MfERATIVE MOOD.

•

1. Love th9u or do thou
2.
love.

er'ect Tense.

~

4

17
Sinuu]ar.

'"'P

•

~:

Plural • .

Love ye_or you, or do ye;
Jove.
·

3.
POTENTIAL MOOD.

175 Present Tense.
•
_,
Plnral.
Singular.
.
r must Iove. 1• \Ve
1 may, . can or
I may, can o
ove.
may
•. ou mayst, canst or -·
"' Yemust
or you
love. can '
,:• 2 ,,
·-.. • must love.
or'" must
3. They may,
love•
.He may, can
. ~- Jove.

1

·~~ Th

~can .o·

. .. .

1. We might, could, would,
or should love. '· " " t -*
2. Ye ·or you 'might, 'could~- ·
should .or would love.
3. They rnight,could,would,

·

d Future Tense.

171. Secon

3. He

\

love•
1. We
orhwllillor
wiU
2. Ye "you ' '
. .
II
will love.
3.

'J '

f .

1.
2.

,.

28

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

. 182. Pluperfect · Tense.
Singular.
1. If I had lov.-ed.
~ lf thou hadst loved.
~ If he had loved._ .

·

Plural. .
1. If we had loved.
2. If ye or you had loved.
3. If they had love~_.

183. First Future lense.

Singular.
1. If I shall or will love.
~. If Chou shalt or wilt
love..3. If be shall or wi11 love.

· l'lurnl. .
1. If we shall or will love.
2. lf y,e or you shall or will
love.
'
3. If they shali'or will
love.
I
.

184. Second Future Tense.
Singular.
1. If I shall have loved.
2. If thou shalt have lov· ed .
3. If be shall have loved.

185.

Plural.
1. lf we ~hall have loved.
"2. If ye or you shall have
loved.
~. If they shall have loved.

INFINITIVE MOOD •

. Present. To love.
186.

· Perfect. · To have
PARTICIPLES.

Present. Loving.
Compound Pe~t.

l~ved.

:

&

Perfect. Loved.
Having love~ .

. Conjugation of the Regular Passive V_,e rb

Loved.

'.

TOBE LOVED.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

187. Present 'l'ense.
Singular.
I am loved.
Thou art loved.
He is loved. ·

· ·;~~

...

Plural.
· 1. \Ve are loved.
2. Ye or you arc loved.
3. They are loved.

Imperfect Tense.
· Plural.
1. We were loved.
2. Ye or you were loved.
3. They were loved.

·,

'

·. · ; ; Plural.
\
l
2. Be "ye or
l
'.
'.
yon oved,
...

.. .:·.- ..
. i.· :....

1'ense .

''7 e

Plural.
nrny or can '

,, .

or do

30

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

195. Imperfect Tense.
Singular.
Plural ... ·
1 • .I might, could, would, or 1. We might, could;would,
.should be loved.
or should be -loved; ·
!l. Thou migbtsf, c'ouldst, 2. Ye or ~u - might, could,
wouldst, or shouldst be .
woul~ or 1 ehoul d · be '
l<;>ved.
loved.
3, He might, could, would, ,3, They might,could,would,
or should be loved.
or should ~e lov1d.

196. .Perfect Tense.
Singular.

:1

1.:

' Plural. ·

1. I may or can have 'been

1. '\Ve may or

· loved. ·•
" l:
been loved.
·'
2. Thou mayst or canst have 2. ~e· or, yon .may or can
been loved. · ' ' · ''·
have bl!en loved.
·
3. He may or can have been 3. 'Phey may or earl . have
loved. -........
been loved. ·
l

197. Pluperjecl Tetise. ,

l

11 ·

.I
II

. "'

Singular.
·
Plural.
1. I ~ight, could, would, or 1. We might,could,would or"
should have been lo\•ed. ,
should have bee1"1oved. '
2. Thou r'nigbtst, · could;y2• Ye or y~u .m ight, could, '
wouldst, or shoulQlll"" : ; ;· would · or should have
have been loved,
been loved.
.
"
3. He might, could, would, 3, ',They might,co~ld, would,
: or· should have '· been '
' ' or should · have been
loved.
· } oved. .
·
· SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD,

198. Present Tense.
.

Singular.
If l be loved.
If thou · be loved.
be lov~d •
.I

Plural.
1, If we be loved.
2. If ye or you be loved.
3. If they be loved.

199. f;mpe:fect , 1~n~e.
· Plural.

1. If lVe were loved.
2. If ye or you were love~.
3. If they were loved.
,_

·-

ENGLISH . GRAMMAR.

32 ,

'
OF
=*FORMATION

_,.._
'J»'Ji'<

TENSES,

.

.fl.ctive Voice..

ood. .. .
..
,
M ·firo m which
,
T nses of the lnclicative
. the root
. ·..
e
t tense is
,
' 206 , The Presen e derived.
Jar verU is
all t11." other tensesr:;t Tense of a
ed to the
, 207 The Imper
. t by add1ng
fi om the presen,
I
'I, verb is
for me r
"Iloved!
fan Irtegu ar
he '
present
; aEJ, I mperfect
o b according _to t
o'H3 ·The
. cr tense
the ver
H'
,
njutratw"
'
ed ,
found , by co " o verbs:
verb is •Orm
'
arr. ct Tellse of an the verb lwpe to .
table of i
, 209' The er "resent Tense o
loved."
,
b . refixiug the ,r, le. as, " I have d by pl'efixmg
pPer feet Part1c' pf, ; Tense' is for m,e the perfect,
t
The Pluper
the verb . !tave to , ,
,'
.
·feet tense o l d !'
~d, b prethe ··erp11~e r' as. " I !tad ovTe
. ·e is forme " YI" . ha lZ.
e ens
pattI
·211. T (le First
·zz toFutor
the presen t tense ; as,
fi , ino sltall or wt ' "
. 's formed by
x e "or I will love. ,Future Tense I erfect
1ov2J2,
The
will have to th';!. will '/iav ,
e
fixincr sltall l~a~ ll .ltave· loved, or . .
..
pr
o
" I S•ta
, . ,
., , . , . • ,
ticiple ; as,
.
M. <l
'.
. .. I .
.
d
"
.
.
oo
.
d
by
love · ·
· Imperative
is forme
, p a'b
tive Mood,
d sometimes ,
the .verb
and th,
. 213.
thou,The
you o y b tween
the . "
mg in thou or you e Do tltou love.
.
"
plac g u Love tlwv,
. I Mood.
. fi rme
., .,verb ,; as, , , The Potentia f this mood IS. o Pr
,:·.
·.f The rresent Tense; to the In<l1cat1ve i"
must or ~a ,.
"
.
.
ing ma.¥,
I can love.
""n
" may
/qve,
I "'" limo Um p ' 'I
•
; · this urticl11 tic

';~~

. d

,-

rregt~

~~JO,

1m~1

f

e~

par·•~~~

Se~or

.r~re;~after

d to om1

a~nxiliary

1,

34

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

ETYMOLOGY.. :

35 ·

·•
LIST OF TH
. .
.. Th
E IRREGULAR VERBS
• ·: ~'·"·
e ver b's marked rad
.
.:1 '.Present. .
.
·
mit a1so the regular fo
··
;·.~· 230.
·Imperfect• · ·. · .p erfect
· Participle.
rm.· . ·.
1
. : Abide1
b
·
1:
·
·
'r Am, . a od.~ ·
. · abode.
. · :' •.
·; Arise,
·was,: ·
been~
' · ··
t Awake
aros~,
·· arisen.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGULAR AND 1&R EGULAR
' Bear '
abwo e, · 1••
awaked.
1
"
'
are
b
. '•
.
'\'.ERBH.
•
•
, . ~' . . to bri'n/!' forth . '
or,n:
226. A verb is reg~tla~ when 1t forms the Im~er- : : .· Bear; .to ca~·r .
~
feet' tense of the lnd1cat.1ve Mood and the perfect · ·: Beat
'!/, b ·re, " ·,
, . borhe, .
·
··
'
· eat
. · ·beaten, beat. / < .
participle by adding to the, verb ed or d.
. . .·
Begin,
:. b '
begun.
·
227. If the Imperfect 'I ense,and perfe~t ~art1cI- : :<: Bepd,
: began, .
pie be formed in any other way, the verb IS 1rregu- ; ~~; 231.
. en~, • . · · · bent. ·
Jar.
·
·
·· ·
~ '. Bereave
··
\
.
.. ,.;-' .. ..,
228. As the fo~mation of the other moods and r.' Be~ech'
bereft, 1·.
. . bereft r.
tenses depends upon the present and imperfect . "~Bid,
'
b~sought,
;:- besought.
tenses of the Indicative ]\food and the Perfect Par- Bind
btd, · bade; . · · bidden, bid.· .. .~·
. e?llild, · :J
ticiple these are called the PRINCIPAL PARTS; and ~ :Bite'
bound.
··
as the'namingofthem correctly fu.rn.ishes a key to_ ' BJee~.
· b;~d .: .
bitten, bit.
bled.
the wh~le co~jugatio9'of the verb, It is usually cal- . .niow, ·
.. bi '
blown.
led con.Jugatmg the..ferb.
. · ·
. : ~ Break, ·
hr~:~,
broken. ·
229. The following is _a spec1m?n of the Pnnct~l ~Breed,
bred,
' .
bred.·
"I 1,Bring,
brought
pal Parts of regular and irregular verbs.
1
· • Bu1'ld .
brought.
R EGULAR.
·
1
built,
built.
Imperfect.
.
Perfect
Partioiple.:
,Burst,
burst,
P1·esent.
burst.
Favoured
Favoured. ::l ,Buy, ·
bought,
' Favour
bought.
·:
;
L
..
232
...
Loved
·
Loved.
Love
JRREGUl.AR.
: ·Cast, .
ca t
cast.
Imp erfect.
Perfect Participle, Catch,
.
cas 'I1t
J'
G
·
Ch
·d
ug
r
\\Tent
one.
. I e,
ch id ' •
Put
Put.
Choose,
ch
·
ose·
. Cleave, r11 to stick
'd'i.
Sold
Sold.
·
A ·
· Cl
' or a nere
~rose
risen.
. eave, to split. clove or cleft,
224.· The Compound Perfect Participle is formed
7
•
.
c-. t p t . . 1·
by p_re fi xmg
1iaving
to tl1e p er1ec
ar ic1p e; as,
'' rlaving loved."
Passive Voice.
225. The Passive verb is conjugated by. prefixing the verb be.in all its moods and tenses to the
perfoct participle, as, ".I am . loved, I was loved,"
&c.
·

· '' f· ·

bd .

,-

~

'

P res en t •\p
~ eel. ~ 'l '"•'.
Parti~iple,
~
• ~ i'. 1:' ' Jmp··$
· ·~ · "r •Perfect
I
··
Cl .
.~
r·
·
·;
~
clun
•'
_··.
cung.
·
r
.•
·
:
;
. 1ng,
.
'
(•... , ,.,, l d
"

C·10·the . ' ·••. clothed,
' ca , r.
.· ;! · .-·;.'
~
C om e ,
came
·
·
·
.:come.
J< ;~ n
· ."" -.,-r-.-r
·
,
.,..
~.
Cost
cost,
·
_
:
·
~o~t.
.
..
...
..
~
I
f . •I
.
\· ..~'I
. d
.. ~ ~rew, r. ., .\.,,, frowe .
Crow,
Creep,
.,. ,~" crept,
. •......crept.
I"
1
Cut,
.· · ''>" cut•
.·. ·. :.".~· cut. .
1
· Dare, to ?Jentu1·e;aupt,
.,· ;, .?arecL
., ; :_. ; f
Dare, r .' to 'cliallenge. ·
· .;
·
I
•r'. ·
Deal, .
· . , ' ~ealt"1·.
,:.'',ddealt, t· r ;i_ :. :
:'l· 'dug, . r.
,. · ug r.
DI.g .
·\ '' 'done'. ·.
~ ".· ,i . ; ·,
·
.
''·
"""
Cl'd
.
Do . " ~
, .. I , .
···
~""[drew
.
,k-1·drawn.
<'.~(" • '
'
D ra w,
,
•·· ~ ,.... , , ,,,. driven.
. · ,
· 1: •
·
Drl.ve
•· ... rove_, ·. .
"
. v. .,.,.
• iJ'' ~ f '"'!..1
k.
'
;" .. i,;1
orank i
' r. . , r .urun
. k,,
D nn
· · . ." t.·
\.J
1 •.
DweJI
:•
dwelt,
. i ~,, llWe 1t, r • . • · ,, ,
,

•

'"/.''• • . i

'

.

.,

•

a.·

~

233.

: ': '"

Eat, ·
FaIJ, ·.

Feed,

• .

. .

. '

.

~ ~at or ate,* ·'''eaten.
'fell ~'
. ~1:'/all~n.

.' ...

~ '" · ,

.· i " i

1'.i

tp 'fed, .

'I' r

"fed.
-+Ptelt"' ·,

1

Feel, '
/
. · "'"elt.- '
. .1 i r~
.ought, .
Fight, ·
JC
Find, f .:~· ,J ~.fn·~und,
Flee,
·
.I"' ed;
· Fling,
-;h" 'flung, .-..
J:: flew,
·
Fly,
Forget, :1 '"·'l• f'orgot,
orsake,
forsook,

. ·,t~:~ "o~Jl] t:
. J~

,h".l~~ ,:· l'ound.
'I·'

1

~~ ' '! froze,
.i •"'g' ot'·
~
,,
-W·f'gilt, r.
tnl girt, r.
r.l'gave,

·,i:.i .wen,
· t

'-J

'H.

(~ \
•

' fled.'

.

~!'7f<J• '.' flung.

..~·"" flown.

·

,. ·

n·.'

·~

: .:l~f 1'·. '} :~

,..r ~"'.· · ' !".... /

1

();ittM ..

" i ~· ;,,; r:-·t

. . ·r;_ ~
1' n•·"~ for,gotten, f?J:~ot. ,"

forsaken. '·
'·

'

•hJ •l frOzen.
J ' 1'g' ot

'·

f "··~

g1·1 t,. r.

-

~ ,, · girt, r.
,,"'g iven .
· gone.
,_

~

~,.

.. _. T •

.·0; > paid.
.C put .
Y,:.-; read.

)

J...["

•r

ENGLISH

GRAMM.I\~·

\,\

RULE xvn:
2~. Neuter verbs have the same case after ther.U:

as before them; when both . words refer to the same

th.ii1g ·; · as, ' " Ile is a good schola.r:'' · '.1 l' ~eliev~ it
have been tltem." ·
·
· .., i :· 1 · · ' . · v

·ro

f

I

~·Q
iu1..- ...... :. l,< ·..' ~·

I f':·

"fc ~·..

,

i

-~-

•.

,;;: : ,.-

.

. .

• .• ::

'!".

. . .· .

f..i

1

·:'.

. sai:ne ;isor.t, .-,as - adje~tives,

312, Thi•

~ ; " · :~. ~:_.;;.f-~f;.-1. ~ ~·~"•JL~.. ~ ~~LE.': xxx1f.,. ~..~.~'"''.)/~·

1
,
1,

Ii ·- .,
!
1
I

{i
1 '

. •

·, . ·

nu LE

.•

'

0

__40· ·

,,_ . .~

••
I

and t~~~,:·~~ih nou ~s in the .i~- , '

RtTLE XLI.

314. An adverb sbould not be used instead of ·
un adjective.
··

,, · · .. -.,Li'~~' .. -;,.

xxxm.

...

_;,

1
306. T~e conjunction as, used after stJch or..mf!-ny; i ·
RULE xLn. .
• • ·
• 1 :
• s<;>w~.~im~s · p~rforms .q ,e ..o~o.e, of a.relative prono~n,!
,
315. Double comparatives and superlatives.. 11re
as,,,· "'~.Such ,as., preferred, it, , rode ·:<. on. hor_seback...:· - · improper.
.. ·) · ·
· ·
· ·
··
.11 he,.'school con_tains, as- manY,~as can be reeeived.' ~ ~
RULE xLm..
',"·.,

·

-

·· · "

f ,-,._

".

'
f<·: ~; · :_;216~~-jft~~~~~j~~~~~~~l~~:i~~:~:~~~~·i:~i~~,_'1.~Ii~e~·
l
l

-o!. ,,

nect different members .of "the. same sentei1P1!; ·. a~, ,·
~;',:Y 9u:.,~re happy, because you a~e .good.'.' ":-(.• ··:'"~::~ . '• ._
..

!'

,s~~lif,

:-·..i;

·-'. 305: Conjunctions are sometime.s .used.. to~~ ~o,n·r:

~

gular number; these and ~ tlwsei and the nqmeral adjecti ves, requiae the plural. : , ··; -. ... 'I' ·:, . .t • .'._.. -~
· RULE XL.
313. An adjective should not be us~d instead of
an adverb.
.
' , · . ; -.
:·

with . actjectives,'.; tJJherbs.:

·::, . _' -,. ~ith~/. adverhs, -&c. ; .as, .~" He. is ··~ise ,~~~~\~~?R·~:",;,:f~
f·. .
'+: S pe. <?P~d.qcts prudently -an~ mo~e.st. ly.••..,, ":"'"'"';</Ji- '"
Pl

. •f_~

..

C. ',: · :~4;~Co~jun~ti~n:i;;.::if;'~n~~ct;·,~~;~~ ~f,;~:;

\ •

~"

•·. SYNTAX .d.:.;~'

ENGLISH,, GRAl\fMAR.

' '._ ."

,·

·

latfv1e6~j~,~~~~:ii~~ ~~:~~a;~~;tt~~'::i:el~~~~:ruJ~:~

before': an:objective case follow:ed -by;an . adjeqtiv.e. . of
. ~; / or superlative forr_n. ·
·
.;Ji
" the,compa~ative _. degree:; .. a.s,:;-.~~ Cicero, , 'tfwn ~whri11+ . ~" ·
RULE XLIV.
' '.·
· ,.
.,
~9J 'gr~'at~r; oratoi;-1.was produced '· ~y .R~me .hers~IP ' ·
317. The possessive case shou!d always· be, dis·
~~ .__,</-'_:, «· , . :r ~ . -. l\.ULE · xxxv. :i · ·~ · :'· ·n-' ~;._. :,, r~~-r· ,'f'
' tinguished by the apostrop~e. '..·"
'
--~~ 308.• , Interjections i equir.e -the :,.objective · casE} : of
RULE xLv.
.>
. a;pronoun oF the · first :·person /.,~nd ;: the r n.orpinath~.e ,
318. The additional s of the · possessive case _is
1
1" ·· '·"~'4· -~·.
.
d ,,i.)-sr;,.;
'., " ·.11 ri1 ~me
. th e smgu
.
Iar num ber en d'mgJi:i
.
'
oa~.~-·o f_, th er.s~con
;. "~(.''
: ,._0 i ,.th, ou :'.· "~·~c..,
om1'tt e d a11cter nouns m
. '. ~,, ·'1· ·~-t ... '.: .;,,·; ·~'·' . ' .,~;.;~,_.·~} ; •'.'Y-,:;~ .·, .: .. ~·~, :;" ,:-~ '.·;.! '-\; · · · s.~, and after nouns in the plural number ending.ins .
. ··~· Rules 'to Pi used m~correc_ti'1}g]alse grammar<~ ,..;... "
.
RULE XL Vi.
.
.·:
1
$~~~~~·'.·J;:·=;·.~t:,~:.t;~~;·~~:~~-'t·~:;i;~,.~.-c-·:·~~.~· }.~~;.~:-·
319 .. The imperfect tens~ · should not be joi1;1ed
\ :1~309;·;~Two negath~es "-destroy ~one ·~ another/.beirig·:. '
with ·an . auxjHary v~rb instead of.the perfect par·
ticiple.
- · · .,_ .. " " ~, !. ·• >
equiyalent to .an affirmative. :,~~-(,;;.: .~t\·:~,'.i/'l\~i~ ~\ ;;~{~?.·~.'~ ·

.

:

,i_,; ' ·i· ·R ULE''xxxv:n. ,-.; ),-;,, ·i<.1· :'
,,..,,,;·°;-!'';; :..
O:it.f he ;person~1I~p· r dnoun ;th~·:~- shou~f n_dt:~be
stead· ofthe,demonstrat1ve pronou_ns ~lu;s.e: qr.:·. ;

'.'..,,;';.i''· .~ ..

. '"

1-''):.,:;

•

.. ,~..1.T
, '".. ........ · ·-~ •. !~·,
'

...:...

·!

1

.,

"'~.

,.

·~ f ... ·:·• .
."

~.~ t

.~,
'

• ",
,, •
• ·" '

." ; ...,.,:

'f ·,

· .,..., lif~!l.'1
W' ~ · ,

A~ "G:. '1!'..:,:

~.>•'' I

l

:

~,· ;\~·

'•

·~·

," RULE " XXX\r.t n. ''" H . '" ·""' ). .. w~r. : .... 1\

RULE XLVIJ.

. .

a

320. The infinitve mood used as
nomina
case requires the verb to be in the third perso
gular
•

....:

RULE ·XLVIJI. "

: onoun';What should ';n ever 1be'use~l'.in·::-:·(
321. When a comparison is mad~ .
tives., 'who, 1which'!Or Jhart1·or"th&.:;,¢ n\ :.:·· ', things, the comparative degree shou ·
. "'
:'>
5 \
'
" '
)~

.

.,

..-.

... '
· _.
,

,

: '

I •

ENOLJiSH ORAM.MAR.

.,. .

\

,'.

•

when three or more things are implied, 'we should
have recourse to the superlative.

. ....

. ·.. '

,~·

. ~-">l·hl' '

,1; . .

. ' ' . ,-( .... -~ . -J~:\\ :{\'.~":--.-:;. "

: '.

•. .·~ r· \.\'' puos'Cfny.'·~.!v·~.. ~ . .
. •.
~
, · ·~

'

"\ ,J[~~~ .. ':·7 18~

. ,i!- ,. . • . ~ ~-. ':..._,~ ·.

·• ~ EMPilAs~s; . ' " .. -':' ..... "';

:~ .

ii

,,. ..~ ....

329. By emphasis ' is ·meant ·a ·stronger 1soun(il'.,<?f ~?~~'tf!"~
mice, by which w~ distinguish some word ~r wc:ird~, '· ~ __
on which we design to lay particular stress. " Some.
times the emphatic w<;>rds' must be distinguished · by
a part~cular tone of voice,' as well .as by a ~reatet
·s tress.
·. 1 •
t ·
• • \
1

RUJ.E XLJX,

322. Adverbs should he placed generally before .
adjectives, and verbs, when single, and between
the auxiliary and· verb when the auxiliary is used.

. PAUSES • .

PROSODY.
3;2~. Prosody teaches the true p1·011.u11ciation of
words, comprising ACCEN'r, QUANTITY, EMPllAS-lS,
PAusE; and TONE, an<l it also teaches tho laws of
VERSIFICATION.
ACCENT.

.·..._,·,:'

· 324. Accent is the laying of a peculiar stress of
the voice on a certain Jetter or syllabic in a word,
as in the word prcsm11c, the stress of the voice must
be on the ·Jetter u, in the second syllable, sume,
which takes the accent.
QUANTITY.

· 325. The quantity of a syllable is that time which
is occupied in pronouncing it. It is long or short.
326. A vowel or syllable is long, when the aeoont is on tho vowel; which occasion~ it to oo
slowly. join,ed · in pronunciation, to the following
. letter : as, '' Fall, bale, mood, house, feature."
327. A syllable is short, when the accent is on
the consonant; which occasion& the vowel · to be
· kly joined to the 8Ucceeding letter : as~ " ant', .
t, hun'ger."
·
'. A long syllable requires double the time of
e in pronouncing it : thus, " Mate" and
. · d: be pronounced as slowly again as·
QI
ot."

' -·

330. Pauses or rests, in speaking' or reading, are
a total cessation of the voice, during a p~rceptiWe
llpa.~e of time.
· ,
· · ·; ' ·. .''
• ·· •' '

TONES. .

,.

, :•:··1··,

331.. Tones consist in the modulation of the'
~· · voice, and in the notes or v_
a riations of sound wh~<th
, · we employ, in .the expression of our sentiments./ '
VERSIFIOATION. . . .

.

I ·

332. Versificatioil is the artangement'of a certain •.
number and ' variety of syllables; according to c~r.;. .. ·
tain laws.
· '' · .. ·,;··,·, '. , · · ,· · ·,.,_.,··.. , .
· 333. - Rhym~ is the correspondence of' the fast
sound of Qne verse, to the · Jast 'sound or syllable C>f
another.
·
· ' ·
\ • · : ·" ··.;
.. ·. · -:--· : .
I

-

· 1 .' '

--, ,- "

!

PUNCTUA'rION~

.. '
~·

~

.... . .... 1

>f'. ...~ •

334. Punctuati~n . is . the ~ art of· pointing or.,.· of · .
dividing a discourse ' into periods,· ~nd e:Ia~ses, :
points expressing the pauses to be made rn 1t.
·. · :l~5. The points used are four, viz : the
the semicolon, the colon and the period . .. ~
.

.

COM~1A. ~··

I

'

336. The comma is generally use
nouns from nouns, verbs from verb
'
'

~·':I

~"

52

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

parts of a period . as are not neeessarlly joinet.l
together.
SEMICOl,ON.

337. The semicolon serves to suspend and
tain the period, when too long.

SUS·

COLON.

338. The colon is used when the writer wishes
to add some new supernlJmP-rnry reasou, or couse·
quence, to what is already said.
PF.n IOlJ,

3~9.

The period serves t.o closo the sense and
construction, and release the voic.e or attol1tion of
the reader.
OTHER CHARACTERS USED IN ~RITING.

340. Be~ides the four principal point~, the following
characterE are med in 'vriting :
341. The note of Interrogation ? used when a ques•
tion is asked ; a~, 4' Are you sincere ?1 '
' 342. The note of Admiration · ! med to exprees admiration or 11urprise; a~, ••What a confusion!"
343. The Apostrophe, ~hewin~ the orni~sioil of ~ Jetter
or syllable, or marking the pM~e~Pive case of t.he noun;
as, '"Tis," for it is. "John's book."
344. The Caret A u~ed in writinl".' to Fhew the accident al omission of a word or pnrt of a word.
345. A H ypflen, which is thus marked - ; as, "Lap-dog,
to-morrow."
346. The Acute Accent, markefl thus'; a~,-'' Fnn'cy.''
The Grave Accent, thus'; n~. '~ Fa',·onr."
47. Tbe proper mark to di s tingui~h a long syllahle, is
as, "Ho~y :' 1 and a !'hort Ont', thi ~ v; a~, "Yolly."
t mark is c<1lled a Brt"ve. The Broad Accent is
ith a Circumflex; a>, i11 "Hall."
Direr 1e!'iF, thus marked .. ; "hows that two vowels
'!IJ:llables; a~, "Cr1:- iitor.''
i(in' i~ thus marked ~.
·
J: ph, f.hus ~.

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359. :P.4.RSING .. .TABLE," ·~f. /' r:
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: · · - ~· ~ ; To be us.cd in Etymological Parsing.':.,;.·::l
~N ARTICLE. :'1)11 what part of speech .it' is:, TeU "t
. _ ·tjwhy. '.'. 'fell wh~ther , it is dcjiuite ·or ' ind~fi~~~te. ::
. ~. Tell what· it is prefixed to. Give the rule'.* '- ' · .''
~ NouN: · Tell what partof1 speech 'it 'is. -~ Why• .~
1
,-:. - , Its kind.'' ·Why. ' 'Its person . . 'W hy. ·.,' Its num·" .
· her. ·, Its gentler. ·w hy. ·
• ;· ·
·
~
AN AuJECTIVE • . ,. 'fell what part oi speech it is.
_ ~hy. .. Compare it. Tell the degree of compa...
rison. 'l'ell what"it belongs to.·· Give the ~rule. ·
YAN . ADJE'CTIVE .. PRONOUN ... " 'l\~ ll what it is. 'What
:; .··. kind. ·· To· what if belongs: .,·:··Give.. ~he rul~. ' . ·

l·

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360 .. Application of lite foregoing Parsing T,ablc •
.'.. ") ·
A good man.
· ·
. Q. l'V/1.at is A ? A. An,article.
_1 •
••· Q: .~ W!ty ? A. Because it is use<l to point ~mt a
.noun.
, •·
· . · -. · .
..
. ,• . · ·
... Q~ Is.'.it dr;finite or irtdtjinit~,f . A: Ini;iefinite. ,
.. Q. To what is it prefixed? - A . .To MAN. ~.. . .
· Q. . liV!tat is tlte
arti. rule ? · A. · ''The indefinite
'
. cl~ · a ,C!r.;. an . is pr~fix.ed ~~ ·. nat.~ns in _the siugul~r ·
I_l_Limber only.' .' ,,·
·.
-~
··
..•.. ;: ....
,' Q: ~lta,t is GOOD r A. An adjective~ - . . .
· Q.. Wlty ? . A. Because it is · added to a noun
to ex pres~ its _q ua.l ity.
~ ~ " .. · "·' ,, - "• ; ~ , .., ·
I--Iotp . i's it' r;omparcd? .. A:· ·: positive GOOD, , ~
rttive BET1'E~, superlative n:EsT.
,
. ,
ltat degree of comparison? : A .,.Positive: . }
wt does it b.elong ( . A .. To MAN • . ::../•:-- ,
~

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.ot be strict] " met h'ldical to r e quire a t nl c uf. Syn• 's
sing, it witr he fo11 11rl more co11vcnient lo <lo 'o ii!. './
' pupil will then acquire the habit:,,-~
'f,; r.

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EXERCISES' IN . PARBING.

,, .
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:A ride. '. ·•
Virtue.
The virtues.
A city. ,
1.'he cities.
Beauty . .. . . .
Beauties.
· :·
A key.

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·The keys,t\' r-.. · _.,. r·. · .>.
.. .'
A mayor. ' '.. .:·
, , The/school.
,
, I , i , gharlestown. ,·, ·;".." ·r.:: · '; , .'1'
eorge. . ·. . ·'i:.'.. ., 1 • :.i
Sarah. · ·
'
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A .goat.
. , . ., . ·•·"·
An ox.
-...... 4 , ' ,'
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(275) (64-74)

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"i.- _,

·.; . .' '·1

. A fertile··country. ·:.' ·,. '~1
·A cJear spring. ~. '• .. ~< ~ ~
The green trees•:' : .._ · · .~­
Delicious honey.'. ; "· .:iA
·Twenty soldiers.' . ·-~ '._ · l.4_
Fifty ships.' :', · · ~i,~: ,~ .
Perfect goodness: " ·· .~ . ·;_:r. · ·
Eternal happiness.; ~ 1;·::: ~·
A final reward." .: ,· « '",·..
Infinite wisdom. · ' : " :' << ·
A boundle_s_s 'prospect. ·· ~-:
uncea~ing . application: .,:}.
Young birds. . ' '. ·;_,~ ~ ~' {~
The· rude tempest. · ··· i, ·
Patience untried. · ; '
Excellent behav ·
Two yello\v bi
Open wind
Uncomm ·'·
Genuin

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ENGLISH .GRAMMAR.

·~

\ \

EXEROI~E~. .JN ·~~RSING•

'

'

Articles, A djccti?Jcs, Participial A(ljedives, Adjective Pronouns, and l\rouns.
.
(CZiG) (92--96) (117}

''

. j
I

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True stories. .
Bad <tuills.
Worse paper.
The worst ink.
l\iv books.
your hat.
His gloves .
A decayed building.
A furnished house.
Your loose C'oat.
Their desks.
Her composition.
Thy prayers.
'rI1ine offering.
Mine honour.
Our stores.
This pleasing tale.
Fifity-nine rooms.
That far country.
These two volumes.
My three brothers.
Those bright stars.
Each . true patriot.
Animatin!J' resolution.
"'
· running brook.
other person.
· c~ merchant.
' 'tizens.
'

Our own countrymen.
Your life.
An unpleas·ant w.alk.
Rainy \V"eather.
A cloudy day.
Those <lark clouds.
His excellent rules.
Their humanity.
Our garden.
An oaken table.
Another severe winter.
Those ripe grapes.
These sweet raisins.
Happy America.
Every woman.
Such excellent wi~e.
A little dog.
Le-::is caution.
The least delay.
.My nice penknife.
Mine own honour.
A genuine bill.
An unusual time.
The least integrity.
A splendid reward.
Either side.
The other girl.
A corrupt monitor.
A fair account.
Their torn books.
A coloured map.Her late attempt.

I

His last lesson.
' ' '\'
·Their strange conduct. /
. All the people. · · '· " · ." .
' A. courage undaunted._ ..
St. Domingo., ·, · ::, "·. :; ·:.:
. A Boston merchant. : ' 1 '
;" • A delightful spot'. '.~. ": ! ·
, , This fertile island. ~ ·r :...
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sv.NTAo~·~cAL · ~ns1Na TA.BL~.,··,,:
,r··;.
,,

....

'

W:est .Indian scenery.' ·. ;·, .
A'merican manners. ',' 1 . '
\..
'
~he English king.
~· _ .
A French baron. ·. · :· ·. ·
The longest voyag~. ·.. - /.
Our agreeable ride. · ·
Your pleasant visit. . ~ · . , ' ·' ·
My favourite haunt. , 1 ,
\

ad2.

i

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'4

.

lt ia de~irahle that the .p upil' ~hould be required te' co~' · forru exaclly to the following table, naming ,each particu·,
l11r, in the order . pre~cribed., . A compliance wjlh this di1
; · : . rection will prevent many , errors, and
Poon enable the
, ' , . )earner ' ta 'fiar~e poConly, with fluency, but with a clear .
underslandi11g ~f . ~he exerc!s.e11; / · ...
, . · :. " . ~ ,,:; . ,. .

. '-

AN ARTICJ,E. 1. ·Tell what kind. , 2. What noun ' it' i1 '
prefixed to. "' 3: Gh·e the rule. · '· ·· . ,.·r· :~ ·:':
A NouN• . 1. Tell what ' kind. ·2. Person. - 3. Number•.
. 4. ~ Gender:- · : 5. Case. - ·. :ii».
.. · '
If n~minatfre '.6. What it governs,. ancl 7. Give
· the rule.
·
' ·· ·
. · ·
If posse~sh·e 6. What governs it •. and 7; Givo
'
the rule.
· · · · · · ·· · ·
If objective 6, :What goyernrit • . and 7. Give
the rule.,
· · .. , _,. ·.-' .
- '
· · If nominath·e independent, 6. Give_the ruJe;J.'
A pe,rPonal pronoun the ·sa'me except 1. , Decline it; ,'·;t
A VERB, 1. Conjugate it. · 2.. Tell what kind. 3. Mood.
· · 4. Teme. 5. Decline it in that mode
·
teme. 6. Person. 7. Number.
·wh11t it agrees with. · 9. Give. th
If infinitive mood. 5. Tell what
'6. Gin• the rule. '
· ·
If infinitive used a11 nom.inative
•the rule.
.
If infinitive absolute.

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60

ENGLISH GRA~M:\R,

~ PARTICIPLE,

1. Tell what kind. 2. F_rom. wlrnt verb.
3. Conjugate the verb. 4. Name its
participles, ac tive or pae~ive. 5.
'ftll what it belougs to. · 6. Give
the rule.
~ RELATIVE PRONOUN. 1. Tell the antecedent. 2. give
rule for Pronoun agreeing
with antecedent. 3. Per•
son. 4. Number. 5. Case.
If nominative. 5. What it gov·
, e rn~ •
If ohjective. &. What govern·s
it. 6. Give the rule,
AN ADJECTIVE PRONOUN. 1. Tell what kind. 2. ·whnt
it belongs to. 3. Give the

,r

.

'.

rule.
1, N ::ime its three degrees of comparison.
2 . Tell which degree it is of. 3.
What it belongs to, 4. Give the
rul e.
An adjective or atljecti,·e Pronoun used as a noun is
pnrsetl as a noun.
AN AnvERR; 1. 'Vhnt doe~ it qualify. ~. Give the rule.
A PREPOSITION, 1. Tell what it govern11. ·
A CoN.JUNCTION. 1. Tell what it co nnect!,
AN INTERJECTION. 1. Tell what it is.

AN AD.JECTIVE.

363.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTACTICAL PARSING IlY THE
FOREGOING T'ABI...E.

''The wisest princes need not think it any diminution of their greatness or derogation from their
~ufficiency, to rely upon counsel."
"l'1rn is the definite article, prefixed to PRINCES.
EST

is an adjective; positive wise, compara..
superlative wisest; it is of the superlative
· belonfTs to PRINCES. · Rule.
'·
"'
cmnmon
noun, of the third person,
asculine gender and numinative nle.

.----

m
.-·~ "-{);,!·~ :.
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ed ,,viih 1~ b11\11NUTI6N by ·~h~ c.~njunction ·on. :·tn.u:t~*·
~~~'.' ~~:«~'';?
~· 1·: )·~~ .:.:... ;~:;:·};·:.:~ ~·:>t·,·;~~'.

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' . ..
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Articles, Substantives, and Regulm: Neuter,, Verbs.

,

·;V~"'"-

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.(279-281) :. 0 .6 6-171.) .· ~ ·; ·: ·::,:·__:i·T· .

Henry: enters.
A man ·walks. .. ,, . I . ·:·:I
_Chnrlcs enterod. . ;· ·;
Bonapnrtc ha<l arrived. •· '
SamueL studies;-~".' . ·· /1 \ 'rhe enemy appear.
.·.. · .'
-_ 'The boy ~tudied i ,., 11 :>:; s·· Willia~' has played. · '.
'A girlh~ .studi~d. : ..:. : : The carr~11ge"\yill . pas~.~ ~:~"
Willi~m; ~ad stud.ied: .~~: ~·? The, _Jj r~ \\'.il~ ,ap v_:p~9e: ;;
Stephe,n shall . study. ~.: -~ -. ''rime passes. ·~,» ·:":;:"::,_/. ·
Ge<?rge, w~ll hav.~_.st~d.ied,. · '~he , h~mr had e,?tpii:cd.1 , ~,
Men.- have died •. : : ; , . ; 'I he buds hav.e escaped.,
Boys play . .;__ ::-<: · · The trumpet · sounded. '-\
.· Gustavus -,contjuered. ~~. - · Gertrude will .have ·walk~
Cresar triUmphed. >..
~''" ed. 1·· · ·~- s... ··. . . , ..
Pompey l)as'<leparted. · The ir~es ha.ve ]~lot;soll,l ~
The .Romans excelled: ,, -i- ed. · :_ : ... ·
.· . )
rrh1ftyrant ha9, _suffered .. The roses 'viii. bloom . . ~· :~
The Americane will flour- The diamond sparl) le~.
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· · INTERROGATIVE FonM . . - >'· '' .. ._. "· ·• _' •· -;i'
.
'· ' - '
·. . - . ' . . . .... ' ~:·
~~ing a ques~ioh. it, is _usual to 'place: . the :._
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Could ~rancis live· here?
Should . Pa.t rick remove
.hence ? · .
. . _.
l\f igbt ·, ·n~isfortu~e~· :, fol.·Jo}\' ?_ , •'.•.1.: .: 1 ".. • •
May Peter watch these .1
The tnice could" have
· gn~wed.' :' '. \ ',!'~_'.·
'.
The· game should have
'i,.'.,

ended.
''t

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If Joseph, return.;;./ \ _;
1:
Judah may rejoice.
If Cffisar had hesitated
· the enemy ,w9u~_d., have ..
. ·conquer,ed;: .; , :·'·,
· . · '·
If the people ' assembled,:
.. John would return·. :· "l
Unless ;.James , declined,'
the election would not

follow.

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' Tll.e .,bell did not' sound. · ·Though · tI1e,:· ,~:at~r{• sub-·
side, the rocks, rema_in • .
. :The " soldjer~ .m arched
,·1.-·" . The tr~e could,,no.L haye '
·.: slowly!~,;.
Though .rane .: return,
flourished . . · ·. , ~ ., : .
:... William ~viii . stay.
· The fruit may have ripen~
May the provisions la~t?
ed.
. i ..
M,ay iD<?l. th~ ; provis,ioiis If the weather had permit\ ~'flast ? .:'. \. ·', ·~,;, ':'i :. · 1 • . ' : ted; our friends , woulcl '
Johnson could .complain . . ( have returned~ · ' ' "/ ' r.· ~7
Swift.would rhyme: ,· •. :. " The fire still glows bright-···,
'
The ·~ enemy · would t not
Iy. .
. ' ..
~
\ · · : ;.yield> ii . ·" '·,,,. : .· " The lyre may sound ..·;,,,.,, .,
. . The"swo~~s gleamed. fear- The wine might.sparkler:·
':,~ fully~ •:,.' •: ' . .. :.( l\Iirth would prevail ..., _, ':..f\
waterfall ,would -still Justice may delay . ... :. . .':. ·e
., ,. ·; · .. ·:'. ; :-... ~,, Philosophy may flourish. _.-..
could no~ tar- Peace will endure~ . · ,.,.._...
· · "'>" ·::l War may • have ceased•. ..
flow· oq. The arts must now revive.
'" .:i~ ~. ' ~ Ai' ~\ i I

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ENGLISH

GRAMMA~~

Ye '.do .obey: . -'< '"' · 1.· , Hedoesbow. ·. ·~<-"-\'~.·:
She does blunder. ·
· You do observe.
They do apologize. . , . The, dog· ,does• bite
• • . ;"\ ·j .r ,.,,
The ·lions do rage . . ··
I did return . . ,: : :·:,.',;'· ).
The horse did Ilmll.· ·. , Thou didst return. · · ' ,
' The friends did iament. Ye did declare. ·' . .• ~ · : '~! .. .'·
An enejxiy did mourn. ',~.: ·
.Men do mistake.
He does comply. -, .'·
The king did; ~esitatc.
The court did deliberate.
Ye do evil.
The courtiers did · comI do care. "
,·.
. plain.
Ye do breatl1e .
..
,,
",
:'
• , ,·\., " 'f
.Thou dost boast . .. ~·
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.
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, Interogati'l!e forms .',· Verbs, Pronouns, o/c~
,.

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:< >:· ...
.\ ' .;

~ ·1 ~

I

· . · ' (172·-q3) '(133 not~ ) (77-84) (240_:_258) -: ~: _·

Do I fear . 1
Dost thou tremble?
.
.
·Does he triumph 1
Poes the man hope ?
Do you offend? , o .
Didst. tP,ou ask 1. : ..
Did he survive 1
.
Lives he here 7 ;-:.:·
Does he live here ?
Has he r~pen.ted? .
Had James returned?
Have the men retired 1
Hadst thou .revived ?
II I .remain ? ,
hou persevere ?
tract 7
I

"

'

\ ·

.

Will thou enter? ,_.· '.,.,"... ".i '
have\ "r.·
.Will · the .' soldiers
supped then? .·..
.. , .: ,r
May we retire 1, , · .' ·.
Can we not improve...? . · ;: · ,
Must you dep~rt ? . · - ;. ·. '" .
May John play. nowt ·;.;,.~ ..;.
Might I not reason-?. :. · ~;
Could I not remonstrate ?· ·
Would you yield?
: _
Should fear prevail? , ,;·.'.~~
May not the men have ..~'.
· failed ?
.· - "- i
Miglit not John
smiled ?
.
Should we have feared 1 , .,
~

l

'

,

...

.

I

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-~--------

---

-. . . .. . -=

74

~:.·. :~, ::~ .:;_:,.~:;.:>.,_~~1~·:··_.~)~,' ,_r)·.~·~.~.'' .">\:;

ENGLISH GRAMMAR··

EXERCISES- IN 'l' AR SING. : .. :·'

.. . - .

r/ . · · 75 :

~~":g· ~t· ~-~p~:~~P.~~l? !~ll)::11e;·;i~ak'°i\-, :{~ ~ - ·h

_F ew_o~tain them.
. ·1Are not the righteous ap,- :
-: s);an
,-:
. I- .,
?
He .unites the beautiful / proved ? .: '_ ' ,
with the use ful.
Shall not the exceJlent of ·, They will oin~ m~: j~:; 7,. W_hat sa~q- ,h~ , :~ .J·i,:·)·~
~enry respects the old.
the earth be' rewar<le<l? ; • l_hav~ run· a.way .._ :;· )// T!1eylH~.Y:.e ,,Won._..,'~'·.\·1. ·?--\
1, he young respect him. Ble~se d are the pure iri. · - George makes..l~~~.~e:': ~:.-J Sha}f l:ti~.~ writ~~?. ,.' .'. \ _
saw .a light. ·: .· .. ;,:;-··· May;h_e .110t' ~ave ~oJd th~
'I he great are not always heart.
,' c '·". He
W I .· . . . ._ ......... '.·-.•.. - ·.
t ? .,.. · -~, ..- •· ·
.sec1:~.. : _ :.t ,,, ·.:.,,~.~·;ti~~ 't~, ,
. happy.
· The merciful shall re- • ,.· . e m Y~. s~~n : 1t. j.,, ·:·,~ ~.:::
,. Did you 'ring 1 . . , ..... ~ ..;;,., Work .91!1geqtly. -:~, L ~r (;· - ·
He looks up~n the hu~ceive mercy.
- '
;'.'
Sh~ll ~e~ ride'_ (';·:~~~ .. :;:. 1• --~ Trea'.d .'qa,rerully • . - ·";:·.,- ·
The meek shall
ble.
•.
Anse,
awake,_p1;1J_oi:i ,.thy Ca.!!_-yQu, swnn 1. , [:,_ _d
He pities the penitent.
the earth.
_·
....
·
strE!ngtl~:
, ;, .... ~:.'. ;{~~:,;;. ._.,.. ~~ h~~ ~ii?_d_en. ~·;· ·.'" :; ...,
. Adjective PronfJuns used as Nouns.
; · .~ Do ye sleep? .. ;.,. ·, ". _ Leave , d1spute~. ·..:;··,.
v
'
'!
(92-96) (1,17-- '. 6'.)
·
I Show, y9u~sclve(m~n-;'"f,'. l : 1diy e ::1~·obrother.- · ;- t~'.·;;..
~ '1.,,hey· are sold. '.• . :·,··.~· ;~J'.~' ~~ ... : · · . . .: .· :··~ . ~.:.:_.;·;:·.\ ~.~:.-. ~f~(,,~ ·
This pleases me.
Another toifs for fame.
;~'.,,i· .':'- ... -. . tf ,.~:'""ft '··'";·,~1):1;:."'_.._ .~M~') ;,.;~~;~,:J · :·H'~f..
That displeases you._
These are studious.
~
·
·_
;;-_
·· .l1·regular:: V§rb,s · ~assi~e. , t· : <:-'i:~:.·~,.:-r
I want none.
Those are ·rruaal.
·r·
'
; (2~2- ~233) _(226--:-12 .:.9 ~1 ( 187--205} (21~~ 1_7), ~;'-'
Do you want a11y ?
Some may as{ for you.
'"
.
• ...~· ,",. (2 ~ 8-,-~25,.));~;,>,;¥ ~,;,;: ~;';;11, (d> ·:
Others will scarce miss
I shall ask for these.
Shall you seek for auy?
your company. · •
·f
• ThP.y are forgot~~i:'-;·~~~·\.··'T~~~r, ~ej1 ·:,\v.~s 1~:••~rpu~~t -.·
These ar~ the me n.
All will have been com~
~'.. I am noi ~rnard:.:{'/{-:~·~.~~'.:
. ~1th gold: {,
'.-,'/'-_ -~.
Some require advice.
pleted.
" · ,,.
We ar~ _struck·>-'·,.,;_;~'.-l,\ Jt was kept ma drawer• . · ·
His harp was strurig.~.,·~;,;.. Jam~s · w_as : well known . .:
Oth ers can direct their Such may expect atten- ·
own course.
tion .' ·
They .lp~d been taken< ..· 'T het ' wer~·~:1e\t.~,wiq1~u! " ·
.. She was overtaken. _.-.;;,•·' r friends. ·-.·~· 4 :i..;-.1 1-.-'··•·"
None will return.
None will bestow it.
All need pardon.
This L have desired. --~.
:'. G~rge · ~ will · : 'be 1 ·well 'The 'rn.oney was : len_t on ·
' " taught ·;· ./..;", 1° ~.;~. ~~~ '· })ledge.i' •.i1 · ~ " ,.,.._ .. :-· ._,·~;
· Such are ready to ·seek it. That I have avoided.
_His robes were,all "torn.t I<shall ~i be;: ·met ". by ; my . .
Each will ask for some- Do not require that.
thing.
He abandons all . such to ' ,: They - may !·: be \.> thr~wn ': . brother. :,.·<,•~- "
their fate.
·
r will answer.
;~·.
asi~~·~ :< - _;", .; ·;,'
He.. was pai~ in gol
ks wealth.
~· They ·~a y ' hav_e . been "rhe boqlo micr
. ' ~' / thrust' a way. '. .: . -;. · .. . been read.
rrular Verbs, ,Active and Neufer.
. ~:· It was worn . out. · · . . . ; ,_The: horse
128~1 -16) ("!06 · -'i12) (230--231:) : · The. 'ga;h1ent, \ya~ -~- ~ven , death. ·
·
, /Shall we go.
:
.,.
•. w1thou_t s~am., .- · _:,. ., fhe ·
Forsake not your friends,
·, · Tt1(-,mas .w.as se.on there. · ·. b
Ue forgets kiu<lness. · .. '.
._:_, They ' were
. 'rr·o~eh . ..' .' : ·. Tl
1..,-

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E:l(ERCISE:S I!f,

·'

' ENC.L ISH GllAM~IAR.

'

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~

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,•

' 76

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J_f

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.:

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.r\nsµU:• ':>~\ ..

77

'I•

· Ye, who h~ve once .enter:- ·" those : thing~, .remem·
ed, may not return. · be,red them.
·. ·.
(86~91-277) (234---2 36.)
I
, ,
You who are 1.discreet, Thou; .that ar.t the guide
I Jove the man who prac- The man, wlio .ente.red .·, .. · 'c;n direqt his way.-'.
of the blind, canst di"' · tises virtue .
. ·
first, had retired. ,·.~:~ .
"l'hey, , that ~'. obs~n:ed '".rect .us. :.~ :: >·· _.~,(
1
.
. '
.
He is a patriot, who real- James, whose father' was ,
. Tlte Corljun~tion_ As .. used as a, Relative :Pronoun . .
ly loves his country.
there, returned. ' ·,,
.
·t
. (306-'277.)
' (
'
It was Jam es, who enter- They, that are wise, will .·
eel the room.
think of these things?
Such as required aid ~e- Such a1> .Pff~red .· .·~hem. ceived it. ,.
.
selves were 'receJved;
I Jove . not the sp~ r t, They, that are . foolish, ·
1
which caus t.~s pain.
will di sreg ard them.
Such . as .· were . worthy To ,all such ~s : _were :..
It was Charles, to whom The . me_n, whom we . re• ,.
could not be slighted. ~ '\\'Ortby of the ho~1our, ·
·I applied.
.
spect, are known . . · ·
To such as could spea,k ·an inv.i tation was sent.
Obc>y yoµr parents, whom That, which l propose, I '
·~ intelligibly, relief .\vas Such as were not includ-.
afforded,
you should always re·· will support.
·
·
ed expressed their disspect
I have told · you. that ,·
He used su_ch a~ ple~sed ., conten.t op.enly • . ·
him.
·
. . .·
Such_, as clanned . a peuIt was John whom they which you . cannot dis..
feared
prove.
They purchased such, as
siori o?tained it. ·:_. .
Thoma s called his broth·· The measures, which we
· would be useful . . ·•
I suppose they were .such
.· Over such as were · cap~ .: as w_e would .not_ hon- .
er, to whom they appropose, you resist . . ;
tured legally·, this de- our. ·
.
··
plied
Thosfl parents, whom he
gre~ : could ·exert · 1~0 I ask not such as .have no
William
entered
the had seen, were satisfied:
influence.
·
regard · for their counhouse, which was near . The trees, . which ~ he
·'
try.
.
. · '. "
pl anted, flourished. -:
r
• ,
' ,

'
Relative Pronouns.

~ ·

• '•, I

J.

I

..' .. ·

•

•.

Relative Pronol(US referring to Pcrsonaf.P1·onouns
and ag reeing witlt tltem in p erson.

I

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I

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,._<I

.

'

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Tlie Compound Relativt Pronoun • ..
. "· . ·. '(89-2'77) (279) '(281.)

I pro11o~e: ·that whi~h is
am your . friend, It is wealth that has rais• good: ·
·
·
sist ypu.
ed this person. ·
,
.I propos~ wh~t is good.
rt our pro- I, that have received
· :Y ~u see t~at which I of· fer. . · · · ·
,
t relieve
benefits, a1n mindful of
them.
i
. · You see what I offer.
e, ·will We, who have placed •' ._·· lfhey kn.ow that which is
him there, will support , ·
good... .
"' ,

him,

<'

''

~

(86-91-277) (237---2:18)

'I

7~

They know ~vhat !s
I oppose that wh
offer.
I onpose w
John ask
ca~n

John .
g

.(

'

...
78

ENGLIS'Fr GrtAllIM.AI\.

That which is true, I will
defend.
What is true, I will defend. ,
That which is excellent,
1 support. .
What is excellent, I support.
That which we wish, we
hope for .
What we <lesirc, we ex· pect.
Whatever he attempts,
· he wiJJ accomplish.

Whatsoever is taught, ·
they will learn.
I aspire to what is excellent.
They seek what is valuable.
We may attempt" what is
worthy. ·
.
May we 11ever .lose what
is most valuable.
vVliat 1 regret most of
all, is his <lisgrace.

Jntcrrogative Pronouns used as iVouns.
(!39-91) (147-165) ( 288) (27!J) (281.)

\Vhom do yon seek ?
\¥hat seek ye ?
"Which is this?
\Vho is that'?
Who comes th e re?
What can you do?
Whom do they expect?
What is that?
·
George, who came with
ou?
brought' William

those persons woul<l
have.
.
James, see who it is that
makes that noise.
What is your name ?
Which was the aggres·
sor?
Who can divine the cau's e
of this change?
'Vl10m would you attach 1
Which will be the better
way?
those! Whose hat is this?
·
Of whom did you inquire?
what To whom did you apply?

'

...

f' ' '"

EXERCISE! •IN !'ARSIN'1.

Inter;~~ative
.

Pronouns :used as rA<ijectives.'·+k'

. (276) -( 16,6.:..-186.) ' : ·'

!

:

;;;:·,

1<·

What man ;. can ..ask such They. act ; ::.. ·: bu( ' tinder·"
a favour?
..,~ ,, " '"·' .
Which person will apply?
For what purpose came
r· you hither? · . · .: . '.'
To which side ·do ·you
· in_c line 1 " , ·· · · '
I

I

'

:· · what authority ·? '=·'"''
We would inquire ·whi.c h ·
: . man is :right? r'.°':. ; I.,~
W~1ich boy ; is th~.s ?--> .'--/ ,·
Through : whaf' 'i perils
h~ve ~e passe4 ?· l'., .
1
I

'\)

?

1

1

} ' :

•

Compound Pc1·~onal Pronouns .
' ' '

...,

1

'" ( •:
.1.r.,,'·••·~·
fl

)

j;

~'"

,(85.) ·. . .

.You ' . shou~d ;.~·n~t p~a!se
yourselves.
., , · ·: ·
John exalts 'himself · too
· -. rriuch."" ~ · :. ! • ,· '/_:::; · ::.
William and:.,Jam~s . have
· ' pr.ov_ided ·;;,.!1!_~~~~vee( .
· with books~,.,.-~
:
. .
. "'" ..... . .
Know,
not yourselves?~ · .
OU and Chari~~ ¥have ..
'fhey .'. ~uard .:.~hems~~~~s ; fu.r~ished ~;<:;Y~~~~e!y~~~.. '
we.JI. . . ... .. , . '. . . we .
. " - .1 ( '
°\'OU may take yourse}~-~S James ,at;i_<;l.J. wilf .~ ~m_u.se.'
.away.
.. t
·~ ourselves here:
--. .....
"

I will examine myself.°
- Thou sbouldst fry thyself.
He loves himself alone. ·
She should respe~t ,°herse!L . . : · · _.', , . ·,. ~
It will no(remove ~tse}t'
We call ourselves
honest.
.
Ye . ha~.e pfoved . " yo?~~
. selves brave. ' . . .
~:

x

~

se

<.

.'. '. · ~ Possessive .. Case. ~· · .:.:;: -., ·

.. (628,6) (52-56)
)

•

t'.

'\

I

This is 'John's hat.
'.
John's'' brother ·has " arrived..
·
· · ..
Will · · Char_lef~ .,· fa.~her
come ?
·
: ·
... ' George~~ · father's holt'Se

is new. ·

'

(58~59.)
i

·•

·

;J

•J.

Sar'a h's .t work
· rapidly •.
This man's
.. spent.
Shall t
pc

i .. .._

·:a.

·.~·

so

ENGLISH

GR.~MMAR.

The merchant's wares The idler's task is irk·
might be sold.
some.
The mechanic's time That boy is James's
may have been wasted.
brother. ,
The good man's treasure This book belongs to the
is incorruptible.
Apprentices' Library.
The sinner's way is hard. I have ueen reading the
The soldier's life is full Ladies' Magazine.
of perils.
Charles's father is WillThe farmer's wealth is in
iam's uncle.
his lai1ds.
/

Nouns and Pronouns

i~

Apposition.

(285) (4H-&9.)

Homer, the poet was
blind.
Howard,
the philanthropist was a man of
great energy.
Buonaparte, the Emperor
of France was prompt
in decision.
Our countryman, FrankJin ·was a genuine phi]osopher.
You have shown yourelves brave soldiers.
essed him, the

If his name be George,
I'll call him Peter.
Do you call him a patri·

ot ?
This fruit, the orange is
a tropical production.
We met some horsemen,
natives on t~e Pampas
of Buenos Ayres.
.
My guide called them '
gauchos.
Their wild habits render
· them almost barbarians.
John considered him an
First, King impostor.
1 as
a dis- They called you a t.rai·
tron ofj tor.

'\

'

' ..
.t

, ,;.,J ·

~ ~

\'

~NGLISH GRAMMAR.

.

Participial Nouns.
''

. c115 _

··

118.)

Reading is usefuJ. '
Drawing is taught in that
The having been slander- school.
. '
ed is no fault of Peter. Being prai8ed was his
B y t he o bserving o f these ruin.
rules he succeeded.
Surveying is a pleasant
'
This was a betraying of study.
· .
· the trust.
Do you teach gauging 1
.
It is an overvaluing of Deceiving is not convinc·
ourselves.
ing. ·
, 1 •
Their neglecting this was This is the art of pleasing.
ruinous.
Excessive drinking is a
·
terrible vice.

Partic,,ipia Adjectives. ('t75) (115-1 HI) (108-114.)

animating re~ He acts the distractedplayer.
·
-,
er stream. A torn book was brought.
birds. Those -spoiled c.hil<lren
ing present an · afflicting ··
. ht •
s1g
He was a hnrt deer.

•

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_ EXERCI!ES .IN PARSIN6.· ',;f·"''•':" , ·' · 83 .··
:.· ·
o!--~~ t,~. '< ·i ' ... "'-: . . _" ' \.·;;;'~
' . -, . -.•
.•. ~-.~ -t"'.:i".tll'-'''
.·

'

He is, above doing a m~an They were fond of telling
action.
long stories.
1
He was far from. expect~ He was afraid of com1
rn1'tt1'11110 h1'mself.
l·ng a r"\"ar·
•
' ' • u.
1
William dislikes attend-He never feared losing a ·
ing court.
friend. ,
. ,". 1
You are proud of having George spends too much
the medal. . .
time in amusing him·
I am unused to calling self.
names.
William .derives pleasure
from reading history.

-

I

.

·~;~}

. James was a fori;i~ken : .~pi~ed ·a~,ihpr>: ~~ r.~r-:·
· child.' · \ ', ..:£". ; 1• · tiJed/<~~: :~· ~·, ·.,'.r- J':./-.f .',

A "des.e_rt~d : ~a~, ')~~;~e;.

.~~

·_ '-:. ·

1-i ·~~m~u~~e~ .:.t:.~1~my 1~J1~:

. . )' -· · . · "·:.. . f ; }iad~no 'lternaiive..- d .
., . ·
"' ' l".,
~
~..., -~~fti"~l.:-1--;;,;-:1'"~1.,i. !·
•. . . . .·. mlte,.
c· ase· A
. bs..o.Zui.e.·
..:.) ;,!~.· _:~•.·, •. _. . \._';,.::":_"~~.''.il~.: ·
14
• ..
• ••••
\ " .\:.-.· ., ,·'""Ht ,,-:\
.
. .1.
1
,..,

"·

(~9 6 )'

•

'·

(115-118.) ', ..

J.!V;..;' .,~"'''-' 1·'

'The . enerriyi :" retreating~ These~Oi c~riditiq~s t ~;_irii
. · we advanced. -. ·:.~: ;·.
... read, ' ~~~ y·part_ies':.~ ~7 .
The time permitting,"we .... greed ... ~·'.: t: }-•· -'« ,· .:·. · '~ · -- ..
. will 'proc~ed. · ..; 11 · ....~,'.~' T _he soldiers _b eirig drawn. , . . ''.
John · beirig 'informed," :I ;.'- out, ."Jhe orders were '· . ''. ·
shall writ.e.
.. ·'._.":."'. '>.1 ·': given::\<
; . '." · '"
Shame. being lost, air ~.i.~:'. Th~ ·. : co~r1iand~~-,':~~-ing_
, tue is lost. - "
'1
'.· k~lleq?.,~~~9!J~~~s~~~ >.t~:1?'1
The lesson h
.·.,,~~en ' • ~u.~~J,. ·r ., . j, r1:~ ".-"11(_;'JJd V
,· recited, '
, ~ 1.:~~~~ '.fJi~t~· ~;~~f.~~:. . '~p,n_~{· th,e
.
-.'.:~_-7 ,, ·· /; )fr¢~ch ,~~~~P,~.fl~.t ,;.'Y IJ~~·
dismissed
Th ti1
b · g
d
escape-t · ,., · " · "" · .. ..
e · ~n:ie " ~ 1 ~ 1 t«;lil,,,, ' ,,.,, .. -~·, ~.... •· ·•i:' ~Ji·'·:<
'' . Henry was praised,.;, ' A_ll,· ,E;Veri,:.t~.'f ~~\vs. .:.b. ~- jl}gj
'i

1 "

I

·

I

·

~-~ Chga~~es c?n~~n~.ing_~; ~: ~jl..... ::i:a~d,e~'( .. t:. e~~-/~~~~e:",~.:
' ·. ·
• -

1

•

( 2 91) (114)

··

J .,.":". , •

· "

-;!r \ . r. :,..,, ""'/ d:.<>J_':::ft-.-4 ,

;

_>!.,,.

Tfie Infinitive
Afood. . . :·~.-,· ·~· +~~~ .
1

(219~220)"' ('1 45) ~ (164) ; (tSS) · ' c~oi:j'J :
·

· · ·'

1

t-. ·

Do 'y'ou love to re.~d ?,. _;, ~· !hey ar_e , ~each fog ' J9hn ,
to draw~la.ndsc~pes. ~.<'· ·
_ George loves to play . . l·:
W .!lliam expects to obtam Is this"gool to use ·7
· , ... a medal. , } ·
·'·. ,, ·. Are you ab~''to w:
'I: hope · he . will continue ~e is . ih~.~·k.in
·, . to recite well . ..., .. , · " ' them.
·
",. ~ e -expect,e d.·, to . ; co~e He is · th
.
here before . ... :' , ; · - · . press
{;am learning to ride. ·~ Afrai
\
' liv:
'

, • ·

84

ENGLISH GRAM!lfAR. '.

Unwilling . to injure him,
lord lives yet to rule
I tried to conciliate.
them.
Too obstinate to yield, They are ready to tread
· John persisted to the
in every track ofDougend.
las.
Be careful to avoid giving And old Damretas loved
offence.
to hear our song. ,
I long to press the sons They have a desire to
' and tell them what a learn.

I

Tltc InfinititJe 1l.liJOd golJcrnrd by Particiz1lcs 1

Adjectives and J.Vouus.
( 291) (219-220.)

I was learning to fence. Cirnrles is attempting to
Georrre was apt to make

scale the wall.
The officer was ready to
It was a day to be re- enlist his 'r ecruits. ·
membered.
d e was a nian worthy to · ·.
It was a sight to gladden
be respected.
- ' the heart.

mi~takes.

Inj,nilive JJfood after· nm, DAR~,
('295.)

.

'-f C·

Let us improve. .
Tli~ enemy durst not ·
We bid him enter.
d1stutb them.
He makes us ~tudy.
He would 11ot dare ap1 his words thrill , proach the fqrt.
ugh me.
jI will not let you have it.
hear him de- 1 Charles cannot make me · .,.
yield.
, Henry hear<l him speak. , ,
1· '
.

I

-

ENGLISII

GitAl\11\IAn ~

He _performs the part The e~emy ,,were ~hrice
badly, which I did not
repulsed, which was
..expect. 1
considered a s.i gnal "1~.
fair.
· , t. f '
.
>

, ...

I

•

.. .

Infinitive ll-fo?d Absolute~ . . . ,
(294.)

To

1

1

be

conclude, I shall To
sure, there was no
make a few practical
great reason .to .fear.
remarks.
To con fess . the truth, I
To be candid, I do not was angry.
. ,
To come at once. to the
believe this report.
To make a confession, I
point, were you t~er.e ;?
was somewhat alarmed.
·
·"
. I

Tlie Oqjectivc Case aftr,1· t1ie Conjunction
.
( 307.)

THAN., t,

.

'

• ·

1•

<'

It was Washington, than

ne,·cr known a greater
whom a more illustri· scourge.
" \'
... ous person never ex- In this article . he 1has
isted in any country.
done justice to the
I allude to Demosthenes, character of SamueJ
than whori1 Greece has ·Adam s, · thari · ·. 'wholn
:·: produced , no ·greater history knows ti!>' ster.n. · orator.
' '
·
er reiJubli6an "· nor 'P.
1!
I mean 'Caius · Verres, purer patriot.
1an whom ~ic.ily_ has
, · i, .

.

,,

Adverbial Plttases. ·

"L
'

•

•t

(258) ('298.)

f

..

~

., .

• ,,

'

•

•

ero plead In fine,, we. .r~fused. to.Jis...
. ,. .
ten to the app)ication. ·
ar- The petition~rs appeared ·
po

'· ,.

more~

~

·,·

~~

t

-

,. •

,
ENGUSH . GR.AMMAR• -•

lilXERCISl!:S Itf P AR!!JNG."

I!assive ., Verbs of iNamin.g, ~c. having?'a iNomin«~
tive Case after them.i .1 '.l<1" ' 1 '!
•

.

•

!f

:

•

I

(290.) · ' .., '•."• " l ; ··Ii·~ ·"t' I
He was called Peter.•- , He .. was. · considered . a'
'! ..

1]-i

·I' ;."

He '\~a~ elected governor. mountebank,' a charlaf!e. was . ~ommi:ssioned as tan.
. f .. .1\ ·, .r·r
1
. . an en.sign . .
She is r~te<l, a ~l~1p o[ t~1~
This book is entitled line.
, ,
'The Mental Guide.
He is styled Duke of
Rovigo.
Contraction of the Auxiliary l'erbs HAVE and HAD.
1

\ .:

(168-16!l.)

. .•. , "

ra

. .

I've tried you by a lucky
just ' returned . from .
·· Lo1idori. 1 • ,, •.' ' · .~'. q·i ·
· hit. · ,. · ,. · ii ·
Ye've had your time.
We'd know you_1:',cou_n,try ·
They've . ta'en him from
and your kin'. : . ·1,
'his gory bed.
She'<l scarce returned.
_,· Contraction of tlie Auxiliary Ve1'.bs WIL:G ' · '/
.and WOULD.
(170-171-176 .)

., .

.!.

•. :/· >i . f

.

t:

. '

~ 't

I'll answ er. fo_r. it.. . . 1To b~sket~ o~t 1 ~e.'d P.!~an~ l
I'll try agam if you'll cal1 1 · oswrs .turn. · n / · · Hl..
1

· · to-mo~row.
·
His net ·well 'poised :'w'iH~·
. He'll surprize you. ·
lead, he'd ;·soi:rietirrie~ :·
l'Jl not go first; · · '"
' throw~
•.,~.-~_''": 1 11 ' ·.·' 1 ',~
1
· 1Ile'd for th~~r ,death Pf~-:-·~
'·~· .• 1'11 ·n.o t stir.
.
ave done it before; pare. . . ·
· .
'1r ~rrive. . : . . "' 1r.~ey'd rrie'~t' ,a. ra~~ . ~~~f~l ·
generous.
,
·(.".if

1

. .

J

t

'!

•

•

•

..

. 'lint
'action of ,rr, AM, ,and
is.
1; . .,,. ..... '
•
· ··. · "·'i'
((o' tl) ( ,47 .)
f

'

-

•

•

••

~' '

~ ·..,_!?',' •. ,tries I'm quite ashamed.
,..
That jelly's rich.

!~·1

; ,.

1

...

I

\;.:...

.

•

t

··~ f";:~

ll

r. ·

''rwas all expectance. · And so he's 'returned at
And uow the blame .of
last.
this all's laid on you .. It's passing str_ange.

Contraction
'

of CAN

'

and

NOT,

and of WILL' and NOT~ :

• '(170-175-298,) '

" '.

.

; '

His ' money can't · be
found. .
.' ' · ;
,
His ·trials ,1W~n'( ~ndure'
forever.
·
·

They can't endure it: '.
We won't be baffled.
Can't they return.
2.'

'.I

ELI.lPTICAL SENTENCES.

In par~ing the . following exerci~es the principal aifficulty adSf.'S froiJI the OHJi~siolJ o( 6()0Je word in' the sen.:
tence. The first thin~ which the pupil should do. ther~­
fur<', in lrarnin!!' to pttr'c any of theFe sentenceF, is to
· cli,cover what i~ omiff Pd, M under3/ood, as the grammatical
phrase is. On suppljiug it, th~ sentence is easily, parsed.
.!

1 1,

•

•.•' •

'

I

Omissfon of tlu; .Ye;·b, w/u:n a C,amparison is' 1!',ade.
1

(64-74.)

.

George .is stronger than Charles.
'fliat flower is as white as .snow. '
Patrick is not so rich as you.
You are as active as a deer.
She is fair as the. rose .
Bacon flourished earlier than .Newton.
James is taller than. 'Yilliam. .
, .
Charles was not so generous as "\ViJJiam. ·
He is more studious than his brother. ·
Jane has grown more than you. . .
His armour was brighter than silver.
A wiser philosopher than Plato, has~
same sentiment. ·

S*

.

,·

I'

I

I
I

(

'

"
'90

ENGLT Sn

---.

• ,>

-t

EXERCISE8 IN :f'.ARSING.

GR AMM AR.

Omission of tlie Principal Verb aftl1' tlrn Auxiliary.
( 16fi-Ul6.)

John will not go, but Charles will.
James shall ri<le, but you shall not.
He did not disobey m e, but you dicl.
I do not approve such behaviour, if other people <lo.
I have not read, have you?
G eorge had not recited, had Ch arl es?
The man may believA what .l c ann ot.
George mig h~ return if he woul<l .
.
The boy should ha ve accepted the offer when he
could.
'l"'he man would not save money wh e11 he could.
He desires to acquire prope rty no w but cannot.
A country mouse
R ece ived a town rn onsc at hi s board :
Just as a farm er mig ht a lor<l.

Omission of t!te ·verb in the answer to a question.
(91) ( 29D) (29 1) (28B.)

Who will protect you from <lau ge r? Y our fath er.
What can su pport a man in his last hours?
R eli gion
What e na bl ed the hero es of the revolution to sustain th e ir hard s hips ? The love of liuerty.
·which m:ln e ntered tli e grotto '! R obe.rt.
What vesse l li es at th e wh arf'? Th e Clio.
~Vhat is the uam e of he r comman<l er? G eorge

Omiss ion of the JTcrb nE.
( 64--74.)

of fre P.dom th ou,·. t the tall cliff anJ sky beyond . .
I

f)l

Oh had 1 felt as now. ,J feel, · "
··, , : ,.,,r,~How cal~ my closing day--!_.._
Sweet is the summer's evening gale, · ·
And sweet the autumnal winds that shake
The many coloured .grove.
J
And, pleasant to the sobered .soul .. . . >, ·r
,.
The silence of the wint'ry scene. . . . ,
Nor void .of be~uties now 't he spring. ': : '.

Omission of tlte Auxiliary Vei~bs. SHALL .and
: (170-171.)

WILL.

. ( .

NoTE.-vVhen ~everal verbs co~nect e d by conjnnctiom,
Pllcce t d each oth~r in a ~enteuce, the' auxiliary is usu ~ lly
~milfe<l except with ,the first.
.
..
·

I saw, alas ! some dread event impend,
Ere to the ~~in this rnorning ·sun descend. ;
All crimes shair cea~e·, ~nd a~~iertt fra'ud .shall fail ! • ,•
Returning.justice lift aloft her scale; '
Peace o'er the world her olive wand extend, '
And wh_ite rob'd Innocence from Heav'n descend.
~

:

,

'

.

.'.

He from thick films shall purg e the visual ray,
And on the sightl e s~ eye-ball pout the day. _ . ·
;

. .

Omission of'. the Auxiliary Verb
(154-175.)

. f .

3he cried, " No peace be thine. ~ '
My contrite heart shall pray
That he' avert the sinner's doom.
Be it thine to bless with use fulness.
God reward them. Heaven bles
The task be mine to paint the l.o ·

the tomb . .
Perish the man whose min

·.

I

itAY. '

. ..

'"

-

ENGLTSH GRAMMAR.

011iission of the Auxiliar.lJ Verbs
WOULD

and

l\fTGH:f

and coui.:e,

SHOULD.

(155-176.)
He could not speak, nor see, nor h,e:ar.

He might not in that solemn hour,
Loose thought indulge, or smile or play.
Would you return and raise th e standard,
'
Call your brave peers and send a flat defiance?
Say, shou ld I bring the splcn<li<l gift
An<l humbly lay it there?

Omission of the Conju11r.tion before tltc Subjunctive

Jliood.
(1i9-184.)

If she inspire, and he npprove my lays .
• If they. return, oiler fair terms auJ promise faith· ·
fully, a pardon will be granted.
.
Unless this course be aba11do11ed, anrl a new system
of measures be adopted, ruin will ensue. Though they deny him, abuse his mercy and <le· .·
spise his laws, he is stiH their friend.
It were not right to charge him with it.
It were unjust and uncharitable to suppose the
whole party corrupt.
He were an arrant blockhead to challenge these
clear proofS.

mission of the C01~junction brfonJ a
Suljunct ive 1llood.
( 158-Jt.! 3.)
.hi~ corHlifional form of

the \·c rh is' the !:arne
· ·e form, the no111irn1tive en~<' being pli1<~ 1: d
· · ~ ry and the \'t!rb. The inter.rn~ative
thli c~11<lit.io11al form, in writiug, by ,

-

..,,,.,

' . 9i ·'·

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

·Omission· of tlte ,Prepositfon. brfo,.e Nouns signify'..
ing time.
·
~-"-'
. ..
(299--300) (259-'2GO.) .
·
- 11
'They will stay here three hours.
1:;.f
W e were a whole <lay in crossing the plain.
I could have stayed a \\.·eek with him.
' '
His story lasted three long hours.
"'"_'!
When he had lived 'there a year he w.e n.t aw~y·i ... r

'

·

'.' · ·
•(

(~99-300) (2fi 9 .:..-~lH.J.)

This book is worth a dollar.
It was four rlollars a yard .
This penk11ife cost me fifty cents.
The house was appraised a thousand dollare.

.L ike the young spring b'tic.ls'.s\ve;~t 1 '~rid:. orlght "'"'~f~
And like' tl~e la~k; ' ar1d ' liki'.\he ) igili;1 ~1 ?t'~~~~n·f~tf~
.f\nd like the wilid ,' ii'nCI · 1ike'~the lW;tv·ef: .'lf'rl; l n iy; (
E'en such' is ' Ifop~::1 11(HI ~ . 1·~1 ..~ !·m~ :• ~.t~ti ~.~;;l l~,!_ l! ·
' ,. -,., . "M 11~t»t m~ t·'-b-p~; mf JJ wl It.
A n d ·11.·kwe ut h''e·~d..,ew,, ·upon
t e t 1orn,
,
. ".;.·
,,
rh·.

And like a vessel harboured".well,'.:; · " . ~;',·
• And like a s,ong, .anilJike a .spell, .;°·":,~ , .' ·· ,. . .
,
1 · . M ·"' . _· . -v. "" ~'""· - •( ,# :-. 11'•!>'.r
., ·.:

·._ ... ~

-

.

i

;

(,-~.-·~

·/'f"':'·'>::::~

.

, ··q

. . -nifymg-'To' SERVE, ~c. .. '.J=-tJ.xu·1fJ_.~;11 1 1
li,,h1>j(299'l!.2s9:.:::'.'.'i6o·:)1:i' ..M'N'· t)f-\f.tf1d!J.WF .. '

II~a t, ~e . !lii,~ :·ir_o~,,;\..~:~ lf\1,.,Call111!0\•,serva~t. L1f·i\ 1~·-iS

Bring me my" hat . . -' ·:,

1·?~t.Bt1y } h1m

book. ~,,.~!:-.;·,~:

. Qm~ssion: oft,lte Int~1je~tfon.!:~,j- ¢.:1ho ei~~£
.
, .. ,, , ·)· ., ,, ... , . t"''n •11· l
e queenly ship! hr.av~ ~e~r~~;}1t~·2 t~~~Jie91 ~ t.•iiT

And true ones .•thed
.w1th her.
,:;-j-/(>'lY'f.1"/ 1 ·1)'11'

"·

a

Bring me a hotse.·~..,. · -.. 1 ~a,k.~:hi1~':'.-a coat: .~~>"::;,).

Th

Ir.

'"

'

. ~

.~ri;::.

.,_,,,~,

.. . .. . ,,,. ,~'. 1-'H"'
... -.. ...,,,

,~~· 'l\'~jf;/,11 Y, J)~"

'Wild river "f: as i~)a_pse~ ;al,qng:{i ii :~i;-i .W~'~ . "'J 11l[' ::
.In_glory.o!l} ts wmdmg way,,.~;>';_. ·,,..;,:~<!: .::
·· : I ht~le 'thought- th~t'stor~s · w,~uld l.flin~;5;_;;';/li ·
Then · s~1ado_~s ' o'er so· bnght~ a 1 thmg. , ·:~•
.. '
;
• -('
<
'
,•t,J> '
Sweet blossom ! precitms to my heart,
'. When 'thus I. see thee &tand 'i ..!€; 1'!'
. ,, I ,fain . would .keep thee as thou',
-, , . ·· Nor hid the bud expand :~,;;£ .
Bird of the broad and swe ' _,.
Jl'hy home is high in he
I

)

-

an. ' "' . ·· "":~,r!}11· 1 •1 .f,· ·;\;. · j-.Y..::,+n
• · " :: ·';Jotm.,.21~
· ··· ~~·. · l·:'i~
".

. "t,l
,

1

.,

- .Om_i~sion of tl~e I!_r.eposit/~n . ~o~; :af~~.~ : t~~b~:-·~lg,·-r
1

',)

. l

.

.

·The whole house;'was ~ like ~ai\fair:i-:JJ¥?~i''" . $:~j;-~. ,,i~

;. .r

...

We rode ten rriiles. ·
· .:
The floor was ten feet square.
.•
1
The city was two miles long. . .
He can run a mile in ten minutes.
. ·. n
The co,urt is fifty yards long. ·
·

(299-7289 ': 260.)

E en sue
~ 18
, ·....

Omission of lite Preposition bfjvrc Nouns signif'Ji~'. .
' ing sp<;icc.
:• . ' - ~
(299-300) (259-260.)

.O,in;ission of.the Rr.epositio~TqJo'tiu.'Nrro~~aft~~iJrK.E : ·

AJ1d :·J~lrn , t.~e Olush,ful'b~eak , of; m!Jr.~.:·...Jh~~i~t·i '~

sig.nify~

Omission of lite P1·eposition brfure Nouns
ing value 01· prii:,e.

;.

l).

·i,.

•(

· ··

,

r'

,

..
:EXERCI$.
ES
. IN
; rA~Sl;NG.
,/
,
.
~ . :·: ~

ENGLISH GRAMMAR~ ·

'

3~ . "INVERTED SENTENCES, . PRINClPAI.,LY,;OccuRiJ,IN• >'
I
IN .. POETRY. ·~
· ·:.' ' .... ,. , •

oF_, FRO~f,' ~c ( ;,.-~

_. ,.:J Omission of tlte 'PN!positio11s
( 299.)

.

I.

lle asked me my opinion.
. :, .. ,, .~ · ;..7
He w.a~ bar1ished England.
. . " , "I
, George fled hi!i copntry. . · 1
'
I envied William !1is feelings. .
.
. .. , .
Charles asked me forty dollars for a11 ol<l chais~~'
and charged me the storage of it a month.. . · L

Omissfoh' of tltc Personal Pronoun.

' l .

(75-:--.8 5.) .

•

i

The Nominative Case .placed after 1 the~-,._Verb • .l·:
.:· . 1·\ r.· . :

'

' : ; •1,

,)

"

To your protection I commend me, god~,
From fairies, and the tempters of the nightJ
<duard me, '. ~es~eq\1 thee.,
, , l' \ 1':

Omission ·of ·th.e Reiative ·Pron~un.
1

i·: --: ' .
Was there ever mun had such luck! ···: 11 ', ·" ·:.·
, '.

·11

•.

i;·, !

°(B6-:_9l.) '. '

.

I

.i

, ,

1

I

'11'

.I

' .

' '

' '

l I

<. ·>

i I "

>

• .,

•

st tllat .~1e ,I 1.n,1ou_1:n, i,s bl t;st. ·:• .-;:. .
~.
here1 several men came from France. '
er.ei ved)ionours would '1iave' made a wise'
·~r

"

.

. .

;.did ~ome fr~m ').'l~~~a.ny, 'w~frh . let;.'
r•hii)•
.• ' . •
' ·
)

~'

I

...
'

• .\

:.i'

·• ' •

. , .. , • • ;

t.~· ... , • .r -. ~

.

i

.

' · 't-

''

·,..

, ~ ~~·; ,:iJ. ;':

r·

, / ·l··,,f·, ,' !"~
,' ",'{c'I' ',tf! :"

-,.,, (t'"'-:°.2 0} (21 :-:;-3::>,/ '' f~, !'.~ ·?

· , .·

'

'

•

I

'•

•.

•

•

~

:

'

• '

~

F)

1 '- .......

t

When o'er the .sky advanced the kindlrng''dawn: .· ,
Weak an<l irresohJte •is-mam :" ~ ,e.-'·'; '•'. >:; ). ":;, , ., N·
In goodly form c?mes,c.;>n_t~e-e~~1PY:~r. - .._ _, 1 • 1: 1;;, . ~~ How doth . the Kmg ?
"
, /
Heard he ' the 'good ne-\vs :yef7 ' i ; , . ~ .. :.~,r,r . 1· · ; t_ ·' ,
~

'

('

J '

'(

:

' '

, ·"\

I

f!

:~ '

f

'

• :

.~

.:.'

'

•

• '"J

'

Tlte Objective' Case placed'between t!te Nomfoative
-. .
.· , .
, 11_
Cas'(,, ,g,,n1/lie , VerbL:C···', .;:-_',>,~ ·:· .•
' (36-47) ( 48..-.63.) . -: " ' '.! .

'

irrwas he ha<l i::;ur'n.mon'd to her silent bed : ... ,"
The momiu,g d,rcam tli at hov~r'd o'elhe(bc,ad·. :
••

. ·:· ·

1

.{
<

l)r' ythee, let us· )~ave no more prattling.

'·

In soft bosoms dweils ,such mighty, ~~ie :? ,z;~~·:..tJ::~ ·~
Thrice rung the .bell.
. ,
··· · .. '., · , ,
Smooth flow tlie waves. ·' · '.'; \:. ·~· ·,·:·•,: 1.\/ : ' ·~ , .'
While from his shoulder, dec~nt hung''_·' ·:1.'; . . :/. •
His harp, the sole cqmpanion of )his way. · ~ · ~

1

1

.1

(N. B.-The remaining lesi;ons.designated by ~he l:igure~,
are prescribed without ari.y reference to the paning lessons.)

·1

.Lucius.-Would I could purchase such.
,
Claudi'!"s._- _ Pur chase? Pr'ythee ~hat wouldst iivei~··
Would to Heaven 1 werevour son. ·
·

.

•

'

The shepherd1 s~!J.i~ ~f wh~~ I. ~el_l_tion ~ade, .
On Scotia's mountams
fed his· little flock. ·" · · · · ,
',4

''

•

, .,. ..

,.1 ' ..

.,.

•

-~

· ~, ,

•

..

•I

l

',\,

f ·'~,/

Nor Fate· his cal.m. and ·humble hope b'eguil'tC' '. \
•

<'

'

•

'

•

'' '•

~

I

"'°,

;t. •

And, while his tongue . the charge _d enies, .
' His conscience o~ns it true. · · · ·" · :
·Therefore, God me hath commission,'d.
It m. e delights in mellow autumn t'
To· 1_nar~ the pleasance that mi

9

r · .. ) t; • '•

·

·•

~--;:;:;-::---

-

.· !"'
· •I •.•
,. 11.1,,1,"'
)l!l.ll!..1.,1"1....1.ll!l~.!ll!
~,~"1.•.,
. ., 1.f!l.~i!l,!l,,!.,.:!1!••~l-~_!i'il•!i!l-"[I _. .r.~ ·
,:~··-·,~. :·~r . ~ ·..,·
~:1
·~
~
~ ~~_.,_,.
1

.•t

~

.

~~
'

98

ENGLI~H

GRAMMAR.· .

•

"When I Jean politicians mark,
Me never did ambition seize.

....

~·

· .,

Him who ne'er listen'd to the voice of praise,
The sileuce of 11cglcct cau ne'er appal.
Nor high er aim ha<l he.
The rolls ~f fame I wiH not now explore.

>

l.

l

~

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:c j\~)rd~it"ti"'r:i.

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• •

,

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.• • • • • •

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.• '),"":)

l fear - ~hou'lt once· more 'come' againfo·q :a·risom, '. ..

>,

Imaginatoiu's airy wing repress.

~· ·

-,·•

,• 1

(

His birth no oracle or ' seer forctol<l .

J.

. r

i..,, ..
,• .-·',~--,·:f.\ ;.-T·~·.
d !l 11-.,.'ri,' r:" ~ "t;'4 .l M;t ..~ ~.-ti~ .....~·:t "~ .... \ >\
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~Th e se exorciseR Jmve been' so Eelected as to require the. application
ofull tl1e rules .o fSyntax . .. .,
" " _.
•.; ' . / ·.;'; .·:.; •·
·•, .-·

Dim, chcerlr;ss is the scene my path around.
fQ

(108 - 118) (119-1 27.)

Whom God loveth, him he chasteneth.

horn every f~iend forsook, him . then I sought.
oble actions praised ·and justice did ad' nister,
'e honoured .

~

.

·.,~.. ';,..~~. ·

- ~~OMiscuqus ·. ~XERC~~~s; i'Y -~:.

Dainties he heeded not, 11or gaude nor toy.

ue, they are its renl friendg .,

}

c12op-;-2J2.) . c2,13-:-:~~5 ) -,.<~~~~229 :,) ~t

. . 1 ,h en shall ou.~ n,a mes, ;. ';;: ·.. ·): ,, . ·-~
Familiar · in ' thei ( moilthif as Jlousehold·:w~r.ds//,' , .,
Jla.rry· tlte Kinrr
· •; ','..·
,..,, Bedford and Exeter··' ""'"'
'
Warwic.k 'anil 'l1albot; Salisbury and ' Glo'ster~ "~
Ile in 'their_f-Jo'w ing ~ps_ frE'.shly rei;nember'~ .:, ..;.r.. ;.:~
This storr. :slial) .~11~ ~ g.ood Ina~ teach 'h.~s"·~.?n. ''-;_;:;'. · Y

·~

Tlie Relative Pronoun placed after l!te word
wliic!t it refers. ·

~

I ,' /'

He that shall live t~i~ day· an_<l ,·s!=le o.l<l ~ge,/4·{" '. 'f•
Will yearly on the vi.lfil .feast his 'friends, .,.,_ r. '.\P \' i.
1
Aud say , " · 1 0-morro~hiif'.. ~fain t,"Crispi_~9)\'"'.1 ~~ : ~-~.

Thy own importance know.

'•

. _ ; · ...

~...

J

•'

l•\Q .•

'I

~ '
: ~ . · ~ \,1....\':' .lo~t. -~~~·\ '_'.'li~tfi~.. \ :._\
.(230-231) (232-233)' -(234-236_.) ':/. : ,
. :0 lliou~ the nymph W ith rila.cid ey.e'! -' '
_\. ~;t.;\
Re,?e i\'e my temp<;ra,te .vqw .'7 Barb(lu~d. f·; '..~;
Ah me! . ,wh~t .hand .can touch __the '. slrin~ so.tine :? . ·,
.·.' · \'· •', ,
. ·. '. .
.
. " ~ T,ho,m~on• ...
Oh hle~t Retire men fl friend to .life's cl edine,
• R e treat from .careR that never rq,ust be mine,
' Ho~ hl P~t i~ he who .crowns, in shadei; , Jike
A you1h of labour with an .age 1of,ease_.-(
V17 hoever thinks a faullles~ piece' to ·
Thinks what ne' e r 'was, · nor is, n

.....

,... , • •

'

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p ...

,·:

/

0

.

"

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. .

Man_y ~uch critics y~11 and I
· I-le a vcn be our, 11creen 1

. .'

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,

...

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''"' ·...:·:·· .·.,,
; .;;

,;;

The Auxiliary .rcmoved:fr.urm the Principal' Verh . • ·.. ~
... : to wllidi ~it ~belongs. ,..· ... 1\.: i' . ' . ;' .t. · .?
.

(G4-'-74) (75-85) (86-96) (97-l07.)

. ...

• •

It

'I 'I·

~ • '\~-.!·<.,;.::::_,<• '~. •,' ' ;.. ' ~ , .-

The Oldcctive Case brfort lite Verb or Prcpositi'on '
wltich governs it.

No jealousy their dawn of love o'ercast.

••

\','C,. f .. -1 , lit-~
tE'iER C ISE~ • IN! PARSlNG •.,. _. _.., • ~ .~ 99,·.
,

\

100

. ;.'-:

I ",

..... .
,.· . '··

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

·.':

(237-239.)
Shaks. ,

Tlvo honest tradesmen, meeting in the Strand,
One takes the other bri~kly by the hand.-.dnon.
''Veil, then, at once to end .the doubt,'
Ren lies the man, ~ 1111 tum him out ;
And when before your eyP~ I've set him,
If you don.' t fin<l him black, I'll eat liiw.'
He said : an cl full before th eir sight,
Produced the beast,--aud, lo! 'twas white.

·

.

' Merrick. J

Rise with the lark, and with the lark to bed.
. . ·-~
The breath of night's deetructive to the hue
·
-·~ Of every flower that blows.
Hurdi1. ,
Who does not act, is dead.

.

-

Thomson. · :

(240-~5B . )

...

Niirht, sable goddess! from her ehon throne,
In rayless majesty now stretches forth
'
Her leadea sceptre o'er a ~lumberiug world.
Silence how dead ! and darknes~ how profound! '· ,~
Nor eye, nor fot'uing ear an obje,ct finds;
Creation !!leeps. 'Tii; as the !!:eneral pulse .
Of life i;tood still, and Nature made a panse;
.An awful pause! prophetick, of her end.-Young. ·
Now Morn~ her rosy steps in th' eastern clime .
.Advancing, sowed the earth with orient pearl. ·
. ·

.

.Millon.

1

(~59-260)

(261-2118.) '

onder come& the powerful 'King . of Day,
'ng in the east. The le~Rening cloud,
ling azure, and the mountain's brow
· fluid gold, his near approach
Lo, now. apparent all,
· ht earth and coloured air, · . ~ majeQty abroad,
day, that, b11rni~hed play11
ow1 ·rs, :ind wandering streams,

-ThumsrJn.

,..,·.,....

·-,;· .

•

I

lOl

.

Save that from yond~r· i~y2~antled tow'r; ~ ;, ·• ' :.
The moping owl does to the moon complain
.
Of such, as, wanderin!!: ·near· her ·Eeoret bow'r, ':1
Molest her' ancient, solitary reign. '·i·[':• •<··I ''? ;. Gray.
- · - - What in me is ;dark, ''.1~ ·' ,:;, ·; • ''
.
Illumine; what is low, rnie~ and !!,upport.--Milton.
Cassius.- Th at you have wronged iue doth appear in this~.
You have condemned and noted Lucius Pella,
·
For taking bribell here of the' Sardia'.ne. · "' .: Shrikl.

Cauius,;_ When

C'..~s~r li~ed, h; :d~rst .~?t·t~~;-.h~~~. mo~ed

me. ;__ . )
. .
. ·-·' , ~
.
,
Brutu.r.-Peace, peace; you durst not so .have ' tempted
·
· ,·. him.
- .·
·.: . . -.1.·:.:··:·.·:."'.;.<·.,. ·
Cas.vius.-1 durst not!
., .. .·. '-, . .: .<.,,; , . . · ,•
Brutus.-No.
.
·. '
, - · ' ·: ">· ·~.>·
Cassius -What! durst not tempt him?
Brutu.r,._For your \if~ you. durst not. ·.'
.

'

~

'

. (282~295:» ,' .. ' ' \ .·. ;, ' '

.

Soldie~.'-Thy na~~ and purpose~ ~Saxon. ?~.stand !

Kin[! J(Lmes '-A stranger . . . · ' .. • , ' ~ -. ·;. '. · ·

Sold.-:.. What dost thou require? . ·.
· . , ;·: · ·
King James.-Rest and ' a 'guide, and food and, fire. ·
· ., ' "· -· 1,·,-.;.: '~''. , . · , · · :.,).. . ' ' . .'•·" .' ·· '··., Scott.
And thou ha~ t .w alked about (how strange a story!)
In Theber.'s' stree_ts, three. thousand years ago. '·

:.

'· -

. ,·, . ·.

,

'. .

, .l.1.7!-on.·

Haduna.mhiti~us mortals minde.d nought, ·'., ,
.But in loose joy their time to wear away, · ·'

,Had they alone the lap of Dalliance· sough
.. Pleased on her pillow their dull head8 to
Rude Nature's state had been our st
No cities e'er lheir towery fronts
' No art~ had tnade us opulent a
'Vith hrother.brµtes thf> hum
None e'er had wared to fa
none praised. ·

9•

....

'
·,.,:--'i

·'

' (269..:...2si.)

J!'riends, Romans, Countrymen, lend· me your en rs.

..

..

;'' ~ ~

~XER91SES IN 'PARS.ING.•
. ...

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~~·.·~~:-.l',

1.'J \ .

102
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RN GLISH

....

t'

EXE;ilC_ISE$ ; lN PARSIN.9.

GRAMMAR. -

/

-

(296---308.)
Aud soon, straight up the hill there rode
Two horrnmen drenched in gore,
And in I.heir arru.s a helpless load,
. A wounded knight they bore.

Scott.

Knowles.

Tell.-Ferocious monster! make a faU1er
· · Murder his own child !

Id.

• :

I

Gesler,-Uneqnalled archer! why was this concealed?
Tell.-'l'o kill thee, tyrant, had I slain my boy.
· Id.

(309---322.)
lVhich when Beelzebub perceived, than whom,
5atan except, none higher s a t , .Millon.

-

For, in those days, - - To overcome in hattle, and ~ubdue
Natiom, and bring home spoils with infinite
Malllilaughter, shall be held the hig-heet pitch
Of human glory.
Id.
The hill!!
·R ock-ribbed and ancient as the sun,---the vales
etching in pemive quietness between,
veuerable woods,---rivers that move
sty, and the complaining brooks
the meadows green; and poured round all, ·
' ay and melancholy waste,
un decoration~ all,
f man.
Brvant.

...

'·

•

.

-.(323---333.) .
. ::. . .,·
N olv titir the fire, ~nd . close ,the,ish.u(tersffa~t~1.,)_i~!-. '.~~~ ·
.
Let fall the curtaim, -..wheel ~he ·•ofa; rounq, ,,·~~;,"f'" ,· ·: •.
And while the bubbling- and·• loud ·hi!sing~ ur~.4,U'.;. '· ' . ' . ·~~~.
Throws .up a steam~. colll:mn ; ·finl~ the .oap!~··,t;. t~t';>'>
That cheer but not 1~1eb,r1ate' wa~t, qr_1 ~~~~,;:&p;l:-._ .J·;·
1 ,-;:~
So let us welcom~ peaceful evening .m~ ·l·• ~- · '>ik-'.ii: ··.
,:··-', :
Not rnch his evening, w.hq iwith ehini!!g fac.~ l,';:i,.t-•.. ,. ,
- ~~' ·
S!iwr-ats in tbe• crowded theatre, ·and, equ.eeted ~'" ~.• .:~
·. ·
And bored •with elbow-pointA:· thr~ugh ' both : bis ·sides,
11
Outsc?ldi, the ra~1ting .act?~ :0~1. t_h~'.,, tage'. : · , ~;;_;'.'~~­
Nor his, who pntient ·stand11 (1111111 feet throb~ ,_:..;_-: , '
And his .head .thump~, · to,'feed · upon the'·b~ea~li/~...
Of patriots, bur8fing with heroic ' rage~ ./<J ·;-·:-j\':i ~ '·.~
or p!a'?~~1~n. ,' ~U tr_~n.qu_i!lit.>\~.~~.,s ~il~s:~':r;.£~~!?r~ ~." .
•
'
... . -1!:,., ~ . . ~ ,, < ; ;;,~¥5,·,~·~".;;-~'J.1~/'.t.~-~~,l '"
· (334--:35_0r) .;:~,. ·.' ·. · ,~,,,'.~~\';) ·:. . .. ~..
Delightful Wyomingf b·e~·;~ih thy ,skies~· '/·:>:')."( .•,
The happy shepherd swains had rionght to do• :\·
But feed their flocks on· green declivities, ·
Or skim perchance thy lak~. with light c.a noe, ·.
From mo~n ·.till evening's' mcetel' pastime g~ew; .
With. timbrel, when beneath the forelits brol!n; ~~,"' · Thy lov·eiy · ma!dens w:ould. the dailc·e ren~w .:_ :i · . ,
And · aye those-, sunny motrntains h~lf JY~1j.' 0.0~·9 ;_ ·
Would echo ~tlagelet from some roma~c tow,n. i . ·
,._
.
,_. ,~,: ... ; \ .-:·.: ·.·; ~; .·.~ '. •. 1· ·-, C~rfi.PJ~u

"·c

. Ii.

T,ell.-Gi,re me my bolv, Let me see niy quiver,
Gesler.-Give him a single arrow.

;. ,

>'7
.<·:"!

Tell.-----Think on my chains?
How came they on me ?
Qe.rler.-Darest thou question me ?
Tell.-Darest thou answer ?
Ge.rler.-Beware my veng-eance.
Tell .-Can it more than kill ?

j

':; ''.

~-:

"'" .... '·:- ·:· ~ _;

'~~':;t,-~:~>it

. · · Our father~ croi:!!ecl :the· oc!'la.n's:wave
' , ,:.~::: _/
·
To seek this shore; > :·: · • '.. .'., . 1 ,: • . . •,<;·
:- · They leftbehind the ·c.oward slave ,!·. ·,
"r
To welter iii l:ii~ li\·ing grave·;..:...· · ,· :_o:'~;·I-'/
With hearts ·unbent, and s11irite brin·e; · ~
: They sternl{bore' ' ··· · · ·c-. · '.<·'. •
·· Snch toil~, as meaner ~ouls had que
13ut souls like thesel such toils ir
·
· To soa,r. · .
·

<. '.

I

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.,_

104:

-~ -

"' .

·~i- ~ ~ ~1..'"':.t t\,. ~· .~ i~~~- ~· :r;;

-

':)~ >:''~

1~~,ll'ALSE -:9RA~MAtt• ~/

' .........~':.,i-'"';vn...J!1t(~,

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

---

·' ".' .· ' --r;.~·

•

,/

.

'f'1~l,.~ ...~J~1-·~,.·~~
•.:~ •
•
.
.

,'. -

...

~- 12?~-·

. ,· ,

~:··'"• i't;.p:~.isj {.
4
';, :i·,~ ,
• f~_ · ' .f.e-' . ;,;·..

. EXAl\iIP~~s
".o~r.¥~~$.E
~G:R~~¥.A.R:~-.
w..~~·(
.
., .
• ?
, J.,... ' \ '.,,,,..
\ .....
.....
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(35 l---35rl.)

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I

SY.NTAX
.~

.',OF

11
\~~-..t~1"r'-N
1l'J, .. .. .t. (~ ~.~~\1~.J!....·fi"~
i . '•• ' .. . »: . ,_ . .
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....

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\"'°~':;'';,l,...I ;~.~f:~ :~-· . I~.''~i"J;f,~llf;f~'"~ft.\)t,;i:·~:~l~~:.j;
·J~
,:iq:;,
....

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'- .R~lt°1:::..:::.A.r~v()~1~J' 11.~fe ;-~?s'~.a: this\:Vtiy~ '~~<· ·:· h'..; ·

·'

•

1

WiFest and best~

1r1enf~ornetinl'es'-'~orumit errors: \··{Jil

-./ A.boys, 1.1 ~ye· .Co~ue't~;:[~~.~te:!~·e!rf1e·,;;or~<:~U;,,- .-..

.A!J old<,~$f.~i~~~:.:-~ ~~•ety~~f;~'?~~~~~~~t: 'i.' ~:{:-;· ·: ·~~.
· Rule vn,..,.:.TJ100 J1i!!"the •ri)a·t). t:He:'1un .the' person .- we ' '

serke~t. '• l" is a po,9r~ sch,ol,a,ri,' ;:!J.o, '1f1';~r\'_ i;i.,:.p9or/ boy.A~ ~ we

•

enterA. He reHre.. ,. 'l'hl'.'y ' ,c.omes. :~:SH~"·•.wiJt frhear.' · ·lt~ .
wonld~t. ·;The . nta_l\,: gg ~J.>.Y .'}'Qie·. )nen~ ~.eluru.11~ ' 'H;Ie ·. alll:
unworthy; '-' Great pain~ hai; beeri 'taken. ' \Has '. lhe:.go'od1
been. •so~d ?\~ a~_.,.~~~~~·;,noX g,~~ ~-~·~!.~.:~li,~~u~j: ·~.! ~\f iiim ...

' And oh, the litlle lvarlike world within t
The well ·reen:d gnm, the net.led ca110,"1y,
The hoar~e command, the bm•y hummi11g din,
Wh e n, at the word, t1.1e top~ are mann'd ou high;llar.k, to the boatswain's call, the cheering cry!
While throug h tl~t' se~man's ha nd the tackle glides;
Or ~~boo.I-boy_ m1~-sh1pman that, standing by,
' Strains h1~ shrrll pipe, a! guod or ill betide~
And well the docil~ crew that skilful urchl~1 guides.

~othJng. ~·

.'

~ "·\,'·l'"tr~....; ' , ,

.~~'1-, 1 "~·""·'¢· ., ' ./..!·

::

~,.., ...-.•. ":~·~·''"'~

.. _.....

I,•

Riile x.-J ohn·, and Q-,~9rg~·:~o~~s ·~tl)is~ iv~y :~".· ,W,illiam . ,:<>;'.
and Henry is i;o~~; O!J~ -,'. ) d..l~n~.sa a,nd._~ ignora~9e ·!s. dis• '.., ·
grace~u.1 • .. '~im~ ' ~nd7 tid.e,, w,aitll ,fo~ µo ~ m~~.. . . ~- ~-~ ~~ence
and .d1hgence, like faith, remove.s mountams. _~ ~ · · _ · · · ·
· · Rule xr.-John ,_,~r , Qe2~ge. 'com.e .this
Either

Byron.

.flnon,

,

EASILY cqRRECTltD ;i.BY~'.REF~~:\u~'q.~i~~1ir~J!: ;:IW~~§

He that hath sailed upon the dark blue sea
Ha~ viewed at times, I ween, a full fair ~iid;t;
hen t ~f' frc.s h breeze is fair a~ breeze i:ari be,
'l:Jie whit~ Fail sret, the gnlh111t frigate fight ;
•Masts, ~r•res, ancl F.t.rand retiring to the ri"'ht
The gloriou s main expanding o'~ r the bo; '
The convoy ~pread like wild swans in thei~ flight
The ~ullest sa ilor wea ring hravely now,
'
, So gaily curl the wave8 before each dashinp prow.

And thou mmt sail upon this Rea, a long
Eventful.voyage
The wise ma.IJ rnffer wreck,_
The fooli sh must. ~ ! then, be early wise!
Learn from the mann e r his skilful art
· To ride npon the waveF., nnd catch the brePze
~n_d ~are the threatening etorrn, and f~ace a r'ath
Mid '?ountle~~ dapger~, to th e dc ~ tined port
Unerrmgly secure. 0 ! learn from him
To station quick. eyed Prudence at the helm
To guard thy mil fro111 Passion's sudden blasts 1
make Reli.~ion thy ma~n e tic guide,
h~ thoug~ 11 trembles a~ it lowly lie~,
_the light that changes not, in Heaven.

.l

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way. ,.-.
.•

.,

James o~ Harry ar~ _a?~~ nt.•,. · M;qney -or ' cr~di.t ,are ::.~eces~
1ary fot'· this' enterprise~ ~, Poverty or sorrow : follow such
conduct; Erther his patienceLor his purse ·were'·exhau_sted •....
Neither . war .no~ ; i1;1trigue 'atf0rd ·: auch ·~ racililie11' a1 ' he re ~ quire~. ' Neither ·Williarn ·uor Henry l~ve ' study.~.-._1;,;_<
i
.. •
·:·,·
.
' . .:;~_
Rule xm.-Charle~ 1cal.le;d · Jame~ ··and . William, ~ they
, that · w.ere · playi,1;1g ,;,~:1 ~rpun_ished ' J ohp ;· he !_that' sto]e the
apples. . «;;harles .Xl J( hi ~u~~h'o~'. l>op~ ·ca.H~ tJ1e:'mad man,
,· .wa@ a !~no~v.ne~,. \VarriQr,· ;:Jfo, ~·W.illiam,,' · ~ ; ~esign .for
· law~ er. - , . · ;'.·:'. ;~ )f,"·:·~{.~ : .i.'1;_ ~·: ('-'·r.:.;:.;·:.- ~· ,.
,.

. '.;

•'

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· Rule x1v.-WiJliams' book .was ·fourid ;· · Joh
overboard~ Henry ·: ~word ; i11i bright/ 1i",F-Or;· m ·,
1

,_

l.

•

DQt - ~ g9 t· my · brother. ··'

A·· man'-' manner's
w .i sdoni's; precep,t 's are ' plain
· Rule ., xv1 :~ 1 love he: '··
ad
you call? Who · can we call?
bleRt indeed . He promotes 1
~hem mqre than she. does tho

fortune.

He.

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•~,':·~,....~: tl __.- •

106

%,

ENGLISH GRAMJ\L\R.

.;

I•

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e~caped.

I

Rule xxxv111 .--J am fh e nrnn whHt you ~eek. I believe
n0nc of tiie t ;ffes what he tf'lls. Jam es owns the goods
wh a t you claim. RohP.rt .could not bel ieve hut wf1at the.
true. He knew not hut what his father had '
'\

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x.-He will not come this two hour~. ·, Ch arles '
hi~ thret y ea r ~ . Those kiurl of fa~·ours iire
of uct ions mark I he character. He
rt thiE .forty year. For fifty year l
th a t men to me.
"rent. honest. Charles writes .
is.erable poor conc ern, She

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. Rule xLr.'.....:-1 ~ope for a: ~oo,n ~~l~ U~tun!\.te. ,isl\ue. " His ·
ctl11 d u'c t'1 'w as sui tablJ . 1o ,hi.s ,cjrcu1,n •.t~n i;, el! .. -;.Bis- be ha viout · . ,
was 11ot 'C1greeablytQ orclt<r~. "• The· s9';>~1e s t and wise s ~ : way1
is thi ~ . Hi~ he a lth is inditfdeutly •. ·: i; / · ! . ~ · · :: i .•. ~
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. R-ule XX\' lf -W as it for we to oppo~e him? For ~he
th ere i~ 110! a ray of hope. Who <lo you come for? Who·
can. we depend upon? H e we cannot for a mom en t rely
up o n. Sli e 110 one can trmt to. I, th ey should luok to
for lidp. Thou we may- not reckon upon.

Rufe xxx vn.-Bring me them book@. C a ll. them boys'
in. I c;rnnot believe them reports. These books and
thern µcm are you 1s. Them horses and those urnle~ have .

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Rule xx x v1. -N either ri c he~ nor houour11 nor, no ~uc~
peri ~ hin g goorl~ can Fu1 i~fy t lw d e~ ire~ of nn irrimorhd sj>irit.'
Ee hones t, 11or takt> 110 shape 11or ~embla11ce of disgui~e·.
There cannot be nothing more in~ig nificaut than vanity.
I am poor ; I do uot posse s~ no properly.

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l"f'Rrl,io, propt>r, Wrifee {very · neat;• and , comppset1' 8CCl'lrate:
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U o this work goqd. '', Hi~ · prop er ty . i ~ ne_or t<.xlut'ns~P.d. ,1 Act .
~gree&hle ' ,to ,·ord:er~'. ,.,, BeJ1ave coJ.lJ '~mable t<f't h'e . t,ule~>;,~.,

Rule xvn.-This i ~ him . If I wer1>. hn I woulrl J!O :
The~e In e n <HP lh t->m whom Jon ~ho uld frar, It is ntl:'~
If it wne Hwrn I ~11011ld not fp;ir. I to"k it t o h e li e .
Can it be them? Who do yon tl1i11k him lo h e ? Whcim

Rule xx111.-I bid lii111 to do it George d nrPS not lo
di ~ put e my order~. He Ut!n1° n nt lo m ak l:' rn c h a stir. I
will' mak e him to come. Cn11 yo11 1101 heC1 r th e min to ,
pattt•r "" the wi11clow~? lJid }OU 11ol feel your epirit to
ri~e n1~a111st oppro~~io11 ?

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.<~~~.J'AI:SE~GRA~MAR~

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Who did llH'J nderlaiu' ?. We who . we~e their.friend~, ·
they hart ne!declf'<L
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do men ~ay tlwt I arn ?

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· Rule xu1 : --His co11duct is qiore wi~e·r than ,yours. ~ The11
we a t her 'l:\ ro:.V.s "·m~re' w ar~·;;er. ·' H ~ ve1;to;ect· int~ 1the most
h.~ttePt p a rt qf.' ll1e fi ght~ '·. Hj~ va.lour i ~ ·his' most bi-ig~Je~·t
virtue •..' His · arm~ nre ' more 1 hN,ghter-:~ han.; y.nurs •.1« H111'
h orse i~ ' worser tha'11 mi11e : : He · run ~-.fhe '-:Caster · the,.l e~rn r. · .,
weight he carric!; · 1; his ."plea~ ure is mo~e preTerable '!han,
tliat

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hnpr1l~ess.-·· A' more e lrn1al · ~ d ur'c¥'~.ofJ di,cord .: bou lct'~·i16V: ':. ·

have b<> e n found: 'f'hi s i5- most. ' lru l' . ··1 That aFsertio11 is "~
n1ost untru e . .' Th ere , wn~ a ruos t houndle ~R pro·• pect,;
This work i~ ril'rfoc t ; th11t · i~ more: perf~ct ;: the otht:r is
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n1ost p e rfec t o.f all. , It wa~ ·the true.st. tale.'·''···• ' 1 •

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· R .11.le x1.1v'.~ fle .fl:f! al' Mm~ s ft-~t .' Suff~r p~tiently foi:
Tho•e . ·are M<1rc11s book~. This is·
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M~'. · ~lioaJe~ h o use. ' The O•'ys (> lay grou nd is conve11ien( :;;,;~ .
T,.1e :girls ~eaL an:· not painted. ·l'he t!llCHI.)! ca.nnon' was ~·.· ,.

ri ~ ht eous n ess . 5'ake.

19s t. Percys rc'.~'·~~· nt w~"' routed. . ·
Rule· xr.v . -F L~ r ri ~htlo11 ~ 11eF8's s;1ke

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they suffer. For
. '~h e hoy' F. 111 •~011~ 1 ,nro oallod
for.
The
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J ~ 1ne• ha .• wrote. hi~ c,o py'. Co11!d · n 111an h;n·e.· b<. ·
' fort1ine bett e r; The war i~ &l re ~idy twg-;ill. He
to follow. Tlw wiud . has hlt\W. V<'ry 1;ard • . If.
clw ~e , be mi-gilt hav e , c11nH' liPrt'., You FfJO'
did ~o . If lie has. clrH\' a.p rize, he . h<t~ at
up lwfor1:h a 11d.''.: Tlie bird b11~ !lt·w a1 ·
goodne•s'~ F11ke h f, i ~ goo() .
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Rule x 1.,·n.-To ~ee the ~un
stand c••rr 11pt in th: ence enrw
n.r: lrnm erl 1lf 1) 1te 1i; pri11ciplcs 11
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live soberly, ril!:hteomly and piously, are required of all
men. To be rich are 110 mark of" divine favour and
acceptance, To be unfortunate <lo n0t prove us criminal.
Rulo XJ,VITT.---Henry i~ the wi~e~t of the two.

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Charles

b the richer of th e three. Jame~, William and Charleswho i~ the better boy?

Of th ese two farms which is the
mo~t fertile? Is England, France or Spain the more clan•
gerou s foe? 'Which has the ~realest popul a tion, France
or England ? ·w hich has the most numerous army, Russi~
or Turkey ?
Rule XJ,IX.···He W!\S pleasing n0t often, became he
vain. William nobly etcled in thi s uffair . C harl e~ walJ
pleasin!l:. very, but he was prepared for di!'cussion n ever on.
'11erio1u topics. They ~hould he never separated. He
will be alw11ys disconte11ti;d. lt is impos~ihle continu.ally
_to be at work. The planets are in ruotion pe1·pe~ually.

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