A J>H,A_CTICAL

co un ~E

JN

J~NG LIS1f

.

.

C0 ~1 P0 ~ JTI 0 N

.

.

r

~-

'

. !)).Q
t_.
~·

11t >STON

GI:NN

X:\I>

C tJ:\!l' ,\X Y

lS ~H

..

'E_~ T

I

fc., 1r.

rl <+, b r--t:i

J

i1
\ (\

~..._·, ~' \t

\ , - .1
1.. 1

·1·

\_l

(." \ I

I'

\.

l,'

l,,·,. "' 1

'

CONT E NTS.

rnEF ,\( ·1·;

SECTH •:"\

l. -

N .\ 1: 1; .\Tlll'.'\

J.:xe r ci:-;t•

1.

I ~

111.

C1il11n·d l11t ·idt·nt

]!I

" "
,,

E11 1belli,; l w d ln ~ idl'll L
l11 l' id e11 L f n1111 Sd1u11l Li [('

'_!.-.

\'L

(\1111pil'X frwidl'Ht ,

Yll .
v 111.

I X.

x,

xr.
~ 11 .
.'\ 111.

_\I\" .

.'\\".

Ex er cis"

I:,

lncidl'nt.
i 1lt'itk 11 t

~i 11 q1]l'

11.

X\' L
X \ ' il.

( "nnqtll'X l1widv11t, Ht·ViSt·d

:'.kill,

<: ;u 11 u; uf

Physi1·;tl

l'll'.

Cn11f.\ ·st:-;

T11l,1•ll<•d11;i,I C.11 1Ll'sts

()111li11 e

A1tl 1 d 1in.~ rapl1 y

I kt;1i\1·cl J\11!11l1i11i-:rapliy

Ii

I r11:1 ~ i11:t 1·.\

·I:.'.

1\

lil • tl1i«l ;...'..l ': t\ •l1_\

l~i1 i~1·:tj1!1}

,.
,,

l li ..;t111-,y·.

'f• I

,\~

!ll:i1111f;wlu <Trl .\ rli <' iv s
.i\lt"·l1a11i1'td Cnntrivann ·s, t'1 · ij · 111i:i\ ~

111stn1 l',i

llll'llf :-; , d .l.'..

Gin n ,'\ Ce>llltlll1H2
u:t_i c Zitbc11x 11111 1Pre!3t1
Jl3Mton

X\' r1r.
xrx .
xx.

,,
!l:.t~
~_:;;,_

-,--

x xr.
X:'\I I.

Hu i lili11 ~:-: 1

T11WIL" ,

;,[

1·t 1 ·.

...

i•nwr·~sf•s , ,i· ~ 1a11t1fa!'f11n·

;\' a tural (Jhjer tR, -

a11d ('1q 1-.:t rnrti n n
Th e J\ li 1ll·r;1\ l\ i11gdo111

f: fln ln.l.d<·:ll Fonna.t inn ~
TJH~ \ ' q.::1 ·t:1.lill' \\"~ 1 rid.

.".,,·.

,

r,:"
Fruit ;-;

)

-i.-.:_-;..

lil

-

'.~;_:,

.I· ...

JV

Exercise xxm.
XX J\· .
XX \ ' .

XXV I.
XX\·1 1.

xx \ · 111.
XX IX .

x x x.
XX .\I.
X .' \ '\'. 11.

x ·' x 111 .
xxx " ··
' ' " '·

F lowers
Pl;ints .
l'l;i,nt G rowth and i\ c tivi t.y
Anin rn ls
Ani111:tl ll abits, ('!.<·.

(

XXXY I .

x xx,·11.

:x .xx ,·1 11.
''''-' ·
x 1..

SECT I01'

111 . -

1.,· 111.
1.1x .

75

1.x.
1.x1.

l\'a 1u rn l a 11d Artili1·i;tl t >bjcc tH i11 l'n11,i111J1·ti .. 11 i7
tl l

D - t1.

\\rork:; o f A r t, .

t.x1 11 .
l't •r s 1111 ;-;

1.x " ' .

C1 1:1racte1· llcs1;rip1 io11. - Hea.I .
C lt a.rad er l>c8<: ript in11 . - Jd1-;tl
l1 na,:i 11 a li\'c J>esc ripti"n

~ ltCia l (;at,hcr i1 1 ~!'-, l' f<'.

PART
!17
111'

l't"rsnnal Adv c 11 t11rl's
I·: x1·11rsio w·;, Trave ls

JOI
10-1
JO;i

S t: l'I H'S frn 111 Life
S C' (' l ll 'S

1.x '"

!)7

from ll is l1>ry .

1STICOPt:('T oH. r:

:--;..: <'T io~·

r. -

~ P '1' 11 01 ·c 11r .

l'H!S t' ll ' LE~ 'IF Cn ,\f l 'O~ITlitS

x1. 11 1.

x1. 1'"
x " '··
l. -

J\

Excrci"e x1. .-1.

"'-'"I.
"'-"Il l.
X LIX .

r..
1. 1.

t.1r.

lntrod 11<.: l•)ry l 'ra.c ;t.ir"'
lnforrua I Es.'<1.YR
Forrnal Essay s
Scie11ti lic '.l'n·aliH·s
Cri til' iH1n

Exercise

LX\'1.
LX\'J I.

L X \'111.

fC(;{ J.'I

LXX I.

111

LXXJ I.

E~T .\ T I0:-0 .

Ar;;11111(•1 1t. from Self-e vident Fart.-;
Arfilllll t'llt hy Can·f11l E xpos iti o n
Indnct i,·c Hcason ing ..
Induct ive H caso n ing, cu nlin1wd
Dcd ll C'f i vu Hl':t.-;n n i 11 ~
I> cd1wti\'u H cc1so nin~, cuntin11t.:t l
Ev i1l1·1w1·

1. 111 .

I ><·halt' . -

t:111 •st in11 H nf Fac t.

I.I \" ,

l) l'ii:tll' . -

ti ut•:-:tiu11s 1.f' Opi11in11

I.\'.

J) e lJ;tll' . -

Q 11«s ti o 11 s of l' ruba iJ ilit y

l l\l
I 'N

liH
l:!O

] ....,
....

.,,

I ··-

Sco 1·E

A1'11

COMPOS IT I 0:-1 . .

I O~•

110

Ex 1·u :-0 1T1n"

J<:xcrl'i se x1.1.
x 1.11 .

SE C Tf( I ~ _]

H EA IH Si • . \

]j']

Discourse in G«1H: rnl..
J'ers u;i,s ion by Appe;il tu l\·rso nal l111" r"s t.
PHsu1tsion by Appea l to Soci al Dnt y
P ers ua.s ion by A ppeal t o Jl " li giou;; l>u ty
Orato ry . - Occas io nal F o rn1s .
Orator y . - Til e S t.i11 11 p ..
Oratory . ...'.... The ]far .
Orato ry. ·- 'l'he Lc~isl atun•
O rnto r y . - The Pu Ipit .
Orato ry. -- The l'l<ttfu n11

l NTHODLC'r O H.Y :

I.X X.
os

l'er~uaA ive

17:}
178
1-n
1:-..:~

III. - M1 ~C El.LASE OCS FO l<~l i<

LXIX.

PART J l. - Co ~1 ro:-" r T 1n :--; 1 1.\ ~EI>

17 1

l ' 1mst1AS ION

L\' 11.

~E C T J r, ~ j}f . - 1\ .\H H .\ TIO~ .\ S O 1J E~t ' UJ l 'T lt1 ;'\ (',,~l ll l S J . 1 1

.Exercise

..

,,,

Exercise 1.n.

0: aturr: at, Ht ·s t.

Pt ·seripliflll of

v

CONTENTS.

CON TENT R.

LXXJll.

News .
Ed itorials
Hook He views
J,ette rs .
] Jiaril's .
])ialo,:ues _
l!Ull! Or .
TL ti S hort Stury

C u,11 •t.ETE

~lr: T 11vu

u F

:!U:1

:LI I
~} ti
:! ~fl

~:: -1

:!'.LU
~ : l '.,!

:!:;1 ;
:!·10

P l t l·: F.\ ( 'E.

univ e rs ities~

~..i-..--

Sl)

]1 111 .~·

:1L

!t·; 1,1_

;1 ~

1lltr

ry

11r1· 1i;1r:1tr

1

> i ·i1 111 1l...;

sl 1all co11ti1 11H· 111 ;;1·1:d t" 111 .. 111 ;;t111ii-11l ." 1·1·:1 di1 ·:1i i.1 11:1tr11.i1t ed, or s11dly rni s tr:1.i111·t!, in il1i s i11 l j >11rt :11il. l.r:1.111·l1 111'
Ellglisl1.
throng·h

lull

or

C:ra1111111u · is
tl'xl- IJ( , { d.;::--:~

L1itl1!'11lly

;111d

:

Ji, ·\"

tl 11·11n·, 1111d l11111d11·tl ,;

t:111.~lii

llH · j•l1j1i!"

,,·it I:

t Ji,·i:· l11 · ;1d·-~

1·1)J\ll'

t)r

1'1111 ·:-i

;t(

tli ·i1·
1

l••l l~ ll>' "

0

l~lui. l>11 L 1l1t ·\· 1·:1 1111<1 1 1\'ritt- :1 ." i11~·l1· 1·l .. :11 ·. "'" " " 1l 1
L\'l. t !11·11 1. at l1·;i ."i 1111•T :1 11 ,. , .;; ,
E1 1g·lisl 1 sc 11tt-11u: .

1levnte a little ti1m: (<> 1•11tti11 .~· tl1l'"'' rni1·,; :1111! tl11·<>1i1·:-;
into j>l'ilt'Lit;(,;. .Ni) dt>t1l>t. •• llll n·:t.:-iOll II 111· t l1i,; 11:1,; 11"1
beL:ll doll\ ' ,

i:-; tl1;t(. "" 1'1·11· t.. ·-;t -i 111t>k .•; L:11·1·

i"'"''

il\:ti i:1 l1I"

which \1·"nld nJi cn: tl11· ti-ad1 c r of tlll' J.11r<i. ·11 11 i" :i1 1tl inp; a.ppn•pri:li c 1.hc 11ll'.", and of :-;!'!1ir1 .~;· tl11· 1·11;.i:.,, '"
\York. jn tl1e rig·l1 L dil'l't·1i i1 1i.

'l'h:tt. is \\ l1;1t ,

1i 1i .-. :

lu)11].;:

It 1s 11t>l. i1d1·1J1llod (t> 1:1];1 · t l1t· 1.i:1<T 11:· :1
Rlietori 1:, 1111H'l 1 i•·:-;.-: <>I' a (; ra111111:1.r. T l1<"1 " i ~ 111>1 :1

aims to dD.
~~-~:

!;-.;v-:.
!:<"'';

-

.formal nil<: i11 ii, 1l11111.~· i1 1111n11·;·111 1,.; " l'l '" "i1 1· ,.;n'.~.''.1"' ·

..

~ ~ .:

"""'
·'
~~

('\'('.['\"Wl wr1· k1.·!'I·

~:

oi) ta. i11v11 i>y 1l ~ i11.~· tl ic

ft

Le cl111i1·;Ll g r;1111111 :tli1 ·al :uril 1l1vl11ri .. :1! i1·1·:1ii ." '' · ~ 1 wl 1 ;1~

~-

:,.)

Ill

\ ' II'\\'.
IH111k

t( J .....;1Jj)j11t·11J1·ti

L ~1l!l!i ' i:i;q·,.

Vlll

l'l:EFACE .

IX

Mrs . S. E. H.

•position.

Specimen

~u hject-, an cl tl ic rnes :tn: g·i n'n, foll owe! l l 1v obserYatio11s

and :rngge:-;tion,; in reg:1~nl to the 11 1:ui1H:r of Lrr atin cr
"'
them. Of co urse, everythin g cannot be pmvic1l"d for
at. oner, ancl tl1P i11111il must lie left, for a wl 1ilt, to keep
nnt of e rror as l•('s( l ie c:a11 . Irnh•t·d, c·v• ·n if iL " ·e m
possihle. it is :t (111estio11 \\·Ji pt lter il w111t!d lie liest
aJwap: to warn the student hd11n•lia iitl, f'm sad experience is aclmittcdly t li c most cfTecti tal of t c: u.: hers.
Lastly, mocl eh :we furni,.d1ed of tlie Yn rio us kinds of
composition, sornetimt•s tak,•11 fron 1 writns of recogniz ed
merit, often selected or atla]'tctl from work actually
produced l1y sL11clents. Tlie l:tttl'r fea ture of tlie j1l:Lt1
has lwen venturrd npon lwc:rnsc exp1·ric·n1·1~ lias sliuwn
that it is usl"l.·ss to Sl't :i,.; :t 1nod1·l 11dnrc t l1c :tV('r:igc
µupil :t lesc:riptio1 i from Huskin, for e:-.:amplc, or an
essn,y of De Qni11l'ey . Tlic-rn is su ch a t l1ing as aiming too l1igli, a_, tlw l11din01isly wild flig·lit. nf rn;rny :t
young writ er',.; eag·l1·-fcat.lien·d s1 iaft lta.s 1•rnved. lf the
model:> are wi thin l1is r ea.cli. if lie ean linpe In <i<pial or
even exed tli<'rn, lit' " ·ill (.J1t:1.i11 fnrn 1 t.li em llOt oiily
profit b ut an encom·age111l'11L that i,.; wnrtli rnnrc tha;1
ai1y fal,.;t~ 11r ov er-1Yrou gl1t. i11spiratio11 . 'l'lu~ ,.:(.ud 1· " f
high er m cHlt· ls seems des i ral1le only in fll'OJ >1lltinn a; t li0
1:>tudent is able to apprce iate thc1 11 . l{l"f<~n:nct•,.; tl11·1·1·fore are often inade t.o exa111ples <!!" t.his cla,.;,.;, in tl1e

hope th::tt t,110,.;e \\·)111 li;\\'l' the task a111l tl1t: ;t\Jilit1· 11·ill
r esort Lo thern wiLl1 protiL.
R eacl i11 g up bdort'hai111 i,.; l>y no 11H ·a11 s ;1d1 is<·1l i11
every c:isc . All<l yd, tllt'n.: ,.;ecms to 111· lit tit~ wai'!'a11 t
for the ol.iject io11s tu tl1is ]'l':lct icc St1t111·tinlt',.; :1dv.uic1·d
of hte. Tl1e early 11·,)J'k 111' 11 e:t rly ,.,·,·ry .~· n·:iL 11Ti l1·r
shows d early t.liat lw lwga.n by eonsciou,.;, if 1111! ddiltt ·r·
ate, imita.tiun. Still , it will lJe app:u·•·11t frt11ii •·1·1·i 1 :t
hru:;tvJ bo-hu1ee into Ll1is 11ot1k tli:tt stde
i,.; 1" 1( 1·t111sitlcr1 ·d
.
the all -import<tn t t11illg; it is lli1: ,.;11l1jl'd -111altcr •1f
mo<lels ancl rcferen('(:S tl1aL l 1a.s ii i rnost. c:LS1·,.; lt"•l (11
their selection, eV \'ll translations l>ei11 g :id111ittcd.
After all L·l,.;t~ is llntw , one t11ing n·11i;1i11,.; for tl11·
tea.clH~r ·--- L11e nitil'i,.;111 .,f tl1e ·p11pil'."' 11·.. 1l.
Tll(' 1"1'forc, rn eel 1:u 1ic•tl faiilh a111l 111i nor i1 1diYid1ial yj,.,.,., "r
style :ne 110L dise11s,.;ed l1.-n·i11. Tilt'y :1r1· :1.,.; 11111 1wn111..;
::tn<l :1.,.; d in•1-,.;c as :tn· tlw i11clivitlual wrill· r;-;. Clf"tr·n. 11•11,
they :i.ru 110L rn:tttt•rs 11f :il1,.;11lut e riglit. <1r 11r1111.g. ~i:t11.\
aLlvent.iLious consicl1·ratio11,.;, \\'liidi 1·;i.1111ot 1., . i'11r1·,._,., ·11
liere, 11111,.;t. gn (11 st'! t l1 · t Ill' q tl(',.;t i1111.
Tl1c cx1:rt· is,•,.;, "l'Y1 ·11ly -t l11\·1· i11 i111111 1.•. 1 11 i:l 1" 111;,j ..; J,
n1aterial f'11r fr11111 u111· to furn· y1·:1rs' 11·11rk. :uT 111., ] i11 .~· i••
circu rnslan cc" . Tlll'1· 1·!l1ik11 1l'lall" t•n11l11\'li1111 ,.; r:1 11 .~·i11:.~
from tl11· sirnplt·st 11:11T:ili 1111 t11 tlll' l11fli1 ·st d1 ·s•TiJili•111.
from clear. ,.;( r:1i :.:·lit !"t1nr:t rd ,. x [>o.-.;i ti 1111 t 11 1: ' .'...'.°'· 111111 '"
:irg i11i1 (•1 1t. a·111! ,.J,"11i,·11t. 11•·r,.;11;1si11iL IL is 11·: .. !1!1· ·"" 1':;
tli:it t:Xt'n·i,.;,·s (If this ki11d are 1111l i11·1..-s ...;:1ri l1· ii11Ji\c« i \ 11
]>ll]lils of llll.Y p;trtil'l ll<L r :i.~·l' Ill' gr: 1.J1·.
J II f:i..t . t !11:
sn.111<· ,.:1ii1j•'•·t. 1rlii,·l1 y111i ~;, ·i. a !1·11 -.1«·:11 11 ld 111·1· 1>1· .~·iri :it
''""rk npon 111:1:: 11\11 li. · 11i11\"\l!'llt1· ,1f till' h·,.;f 1·il11d 1.!. :1
litl'r:1rv m:ts11•r.
his :tljilit L

~'

.;. ..

x

l'l:l~ FA C J ·: .

Tlie aull111r",; ll1:t11k,; am c1 11 c Lo l1 i,; co llahc1r;tLorn in
t l1 c Ellgl i,;]1 <lq1a rtlll e11l "f tl H: L .. la llcl St.a11fonl ,/1111ior
U nive rsity, sn11H: of \\·li ",;c :rngg ustici11s l1a ve bve11 used
witl1 prnfiL i11 tl1 e lcd m e- rnom, a11cl li:t1·e 1i aL11rally l1e!• 11
i11 corpo r:t!.t• cl lint·. l'rol'<·s,;n r ( ;e 111111 g \; Hl11 ·tori1; l1:ts
fun1i s l1 et1 a J>a rti :tl ]J;t,; j,; for tl1e arra11gt· 1ne 11 t a 11cl terrni11olngy, :111c1 11t•t in1 p ro l1:tl1ly srn 11e nf Llie 111 :tLt e r, of
l 'a.rL 11.
'!'li e ""'rk owe,; it.-; i11ec·ptitt1 1 lo Llw ki11dl y C' l1courngen1t· 11 L of 7\lr. E . If. \V"odruff, l ilmu·i;rn of t l1 e
;tbovc-11 :L111 ec1 uni versity, ;rncl fonn c rl y a ve ry :; 11cce;,;sfiil
i 11;; Lru eL<1 r i11 E ngl i,;h a.t. C ttrn cl 1. lJ 11 fttrt.1111 at1·l y , l1nwe ve r, :;0111c ttf t li e l1e;;t ]'Ort ions o f l1 is rn utl1 nd «c 111l!l not
lie u n1hodi ecl ill a wo rk 1rl1i1·l1, 11·liil1· ai111i11 g at a cnLti11
co m11le !t•11es,;. j,; afk r :il l t·ttnfe,;secll y clc 11ll'11Lary.

l'Alt'l' I.

•
Coiupo~it1011

]>
.)il ~P(1 011 ]~'1 ,.."',. })(11 1'1.PI· H'O

a11 a Ob~crvation.

'/

Introductory : How to Fiutl l\latcria l.

1:; tl1u irn1 1wdial0
·1:qnin·d
(11 \vrit.. <l
cxcl<tm:Ll,ion of eve ry 1111 u w 10
q11
e,;li1111
aJJ(l
,·;i.11111Jl
co mpos iLion. lL is an i111 porLa 11 t
be a.11swcrcd hrid~ y .
But firsL let u,; gi ve :t f't·w ca11ti1111,;.
In s1·kdi11 .c:·
subjecl.-; for co 111 pusit i1111s av o id i11 ge1wr:1 l t\11Js1; wl1i.-l1
;u·1; loo 11ro:t(1a111 l 1;<>lllJ•r<'l w11,;i v1: for 1·n11 •·i,.;1." tr.,;1(11w11(:
Lli osu wl1iel1 ;1re tlilli1·1i1 L :1 11<1 :tl.,;\r11,;,., rl'q11iri11g tl11 ·
k n owl e(lge :t111l act.:u m ey o[ on e long- \r:ti1H :•l i11 111dl1od,;
of :;eien Lifi t.: i11 vesLigati1111, l•r tl1u a11t.l1urit.'· 11[ a 11i:1 (111.,.,]
:rnd l ug ie:tl tl1i11 kc r; tli•N.! wl1icl1 liav1 ; i.. ... 11 \l' t)J'll 1111 t.
liy Ll1c use a11 1l al>11su uf s1 11;1·essi ve g1·1 11"ra.I i1111s o[ r·s,;:1.1· ..
Wri te rs j Ll1osu wJ1 icJi ("<Ill ]i;tvU 110 jj,· i1 1 .~ i11(t-n·~( f.,1·
yo ur H":tdcrs or l11·a1·1 ·rs ; tlH1su wl1 i1:1i 1h:iw 11 p•>11 111J
p er sonal <:x p1·ri<•11 ce , or :tl'p1•;d Lo 110 lu1owlcclg1: or (:1st1:
of your ow n.
Tlt1 1s, a.voi•l :tllslr:wl. s11 lij(•1.,(s, s11"l1 ;i ,; l' :tli"1""·
Per:;cve r;11 11·c, l1l h-111 •ss, ])11\ y , ( '. ]1arn.d1·r, Trtll' :'-l:i11l1 0•>1l
an<l \Vo 111 a1 1liootl, :u11 l (\I<' ,.\cl triad, Fait\1, l r"i'C, :tJJ•I
Cl 1arily. Yo11 <«111 S(':tl'<"•·ly1·xp1·eL [,, s:1.1· :u1.'·ti1i:1.~ 11"1'·
11)lOII Llt csc inpies, or C\"l'l l t.o s:Ly a1q· t i1i11g t1ltl i11 a 11"".
w;ty; ;11l t\1,, .. 11:111;.:'<·,.; li:I\' <' lwv11 r1111 g l l j " l l ' t)10.·1 11 j .. 1: ,:. :·
ago . Li fe a.111l Ll 1c \1·11dd oll1:r t.1111 111111·!1 1\1:1t 1.o.; 11 .. 11· :111<1
attractive, for 11~ to 110 ~\';1,;ting onr tirn r: on t ilt'se n11l w o rn th emes. Du n oL all ow yollrsd f tu],.. 1 'iis1·u 111·:1.~,.,[

J NTll Oi>t ' <:Tnr~Y .

I :\'l'l>O l>l JCTU I:Y.

Jewels, Sn11 ing tl1c \Vi11d, St1·rnmi11;< t l11• Ti<i«, S1111k1·n
Uecfs, Li11k,.;, Sl1·11pi11g Sl1>11e,.;, (;r1111i11 .c;· t•111·:1nl il1«

Lig·11t. 1f \«•II JllllC'L }>i'l «li'li (>[ ' lll<>r: il11.... """]; illlll'\'
cJ'fo ...1i11 : 111 .. 1!11" 1".
lt. 111:11· 1,,. i1,,11J.1, .. J 11 i1.. 1\ 11'1· t i"' -'" '
.
' I .. 1I 1 'I,,
fH,n c il.~:-; a IHI' Jll'l'tty 1· f 1Jl lT!l~.
:---:'"' I' .11 1~· t c> ( I r:l" . .
, J

1, ( ':-..;-

son fru111 1•\'r'IT 1:1ni\111,.; L11·t. :111./ 1•lll'1111111 .. 11 .. 11 i11 11;:.t 11n ·.
ev•~ l' .»"1. 1·<>11 ~ i11n·d tl1i: ,.; );1· 1>1i1·:1l "" d 1·i1 ·n11i1wd t ], ,.
'vav e r111 .~.

T 'l1e11 tlwn ' :1r1 · "1, ,,1, . 1·l:1"·"'"" ol' .-;1i'11j .... h

:l1:1t 11:11·,.

d .. liglit 1·1i1 i11d..li11il1·111 ·.-;,.; 11 \,j, Ii "'"' ' "" (,,
fo.c;ci1 1 at 1 ~ yn1111.~· 11riln,.; .
"\ l'yr:1111id .. r \ ' :111i1i,. ,.;:
y csL"n Li .1·, 'j',,_, L1 y, :11111 Tu-11" 11T1111· : 'I 11" I: 11i iii,·1·,.; :
ahouL tl1crn

;L

J\Li,1.~·i 1 :: ( ;1111il Sui!:

1\ Litt k \ Vl 1il " : ..t'"· 1·1...

T i"'r"

j ,; tl 1c 11-.n1d ,. rl' 1ilh 111·1," d ..;11Lj1"'(. Lil«-: 11Tit« 11 i1: 1i

-~-

p]1,a:.;1•, iL 11·ii ] tit, 111 ·1-. · : tl11111 .:<l 1 1111 (1111

i\11,11,:~ J ,;.;

1" ''

1: 1.1\·

c11111lll<>ll ill'11ri11.~·, ll1011g·li 110 l wu ,.;v11l1·11 " '""
may flt 111gdlll'r, tl 11·y 11 iii :Ill -"<'1·111 (,, l1 :1rn1»11i 1.1· 11·i1li
have a

t h() Lit.Ju :1.1111 t.lll: 11Tikr
COJl(t'll t'/

}~ 1·:1<!

SIH·Ji

j;.; l'<>11kul.
('-"Sil\'

l\ut

tJ1 :1l ]1;1s

j,,

tlw n ·:1 d n

i w>'ll

\I Till,.11

• ·~ ,t

J
Ji., 1«111r .. Li··d, ii' ,·,.11 ,J,. ""L i1d t·r"" I lir:--( .'." " \\·111
rnuut. \\·itii ,.;rnall :-;11 ('\ T"-" · 'J',, 111ten·,.; (. k(·,·11i.1 iL i.-; ,,: ,_
solutdy i111li,.;pl'11.-;:t lJ!e tl1:1L y ou he i11Lc n·.-;tt ·d }"11rs1: lf.
Th r s.li r..J1t«s t \\'1·:1rin1·,.;s or i11diffl'l'CJ11·1• Ill! \ ' 1Jltr !"'!'(
will ln: ,- 11o:Ll'd.<"<1 aL <11w1: a1111 I1eg·l'(. a 1·,,rn·c-;1 111i1 1li11~·
·wea.rrne,.;s or i111]iff<·n·11n: Ill! tl 11: p:1rt. ,,f .1«111r rr·:t1 ll' 1'.
'vVl1at n.re you interest1·<l in 111ost.'i \V l1:1t i.-; tlwn; all
about yo11, 111 :yo ur liook,.;, 1n your scl111nl, in 1·our lio111 c .

""'

~"¥-.

'

·~

~-

6

JXTI•OU UCT01•¥.

l.:\'l'JWDUCTOH L

111 tl 1e <l ll Lics <trnl pl eas u res an.<l :-;o nows nf y nnr daily
ex p er ic 11n:, t.J1a t m ak es l ife so lit.ti<: or ~;o m1H ; h worth
l ivi11 g '! IVl'i (c a.Go u t this .

this tirne, :L11cl yon fl'L' I ll1a L \'011r work has no l 11<·<' 11

A11 cl yet u :-;e y o nr j11dg rn c nL e ven her e.
You
ma.y lie d t'l' Jily i11lc rcst(•Cl i11 so1nl'tl1i11g, a11d 111•ty write
of iL nwst S} llljtaLltc til·all y ;11111 l'ld t·rlai11i11gly ancl :;till
fail l" t· 1it c•rta i11. Y111t n·acl f.,r !lit: first tim e Lhc
ll1ril li11 ,:_:- slory of lio\\' Tr11jan 1':1ris mrri c rl off tire
l1c;t11 t if1il <;l'< '(· k [ f Plcn, ;1.11cl J1.,w t l1 c G recl,:s we n t in

lll <t} alu1u;.:L lie said t h :LL we s11c n d
our liv es i11 the sea.ffl1 :iftc r novelty --- 11 e w lr11tl1 , ll e w
powe r, new 11('a.11 Ly . .:\<JL alway s tl1aL w!ti,·h is al>,.:olutely n e w - tl1at. 11"l1i"l1 is n :LLt.iv e ly 11ew wi ll su fhcc .
It may Le fo1111tl in uuc1ks, i11 history, in l egend, i11
speculation.
S t ill l1eLtc r fur tli c y o111J g i11 \t·,.:tig-ator
it m ay l>e !'1J1111t1 dse wl1 e rc . \Ve 11a\'e sa i<l tl1a t th e
world is Juli v f Ill' \\' tl1i11 g s - very s i111ple J11:t11 y o f
the m are t oo --- 11·lii c l1 if \\·e 011\y ,.;Jiar1 •t•11 o ur sP11,..cs
a. little w e shall tliscun·r. 1'nl1al's iL is lwL«lll"L' tl:t ·v
are so simple, th:1L \\'<~ OV<'rlrn1k tli,·111 s\I n fl\- 11 or L1i1
t o appn.:e i<tk Ll1e J11 . \\' l1t·11.) •lit 11·l'n : tran1p111t.;· 1lm 1 11.~. i 1
t l1c w ouds hsL ~atnnl:t y yu 11 f.,und .:..:T1111· i11,:.; 11·iid i11
a n out-o f- t li c-11·ay s pot a gn ·aL lwd of \\'l1i t1· 1 i" l1 ·:s.
\Vl1:1t :c discci\'l'l'V '. Y1n1 l1aol s1.. :11 t],,.,.,,. ]1(';1 1Jtii1ii
ilow e rs k 11dcrly 1·.11 l ti1';1 to; d in y1111r a1 111t.' s .i.:-;1rdt ·11, hut.
von 1w1·cr d rL';1111 <'d ti1:11 1\1 ,. \· \ \' l'l' I' to L1 · 1·11111 1<1 .L'.r"\1·i :1,:.;·
wil<l S\l 11 c;Lr \'Olli' 11\\' ll i1(JJJlt:. \Viii'. 1·1111 ,. ;1 11 \\'l' ik
a llclig\1lf1il :1<.T1>111it. (Jr tl1i s a11d \' 11111' H·iJ,,"11 11: \l.__·s
will lit: fa r m11 rt• 111 \t' l'l: sh' <l 111 iL t\1 ;1 11 t l11'1· \l1Jll ld i11
au \' c,.:sa1· 0 11 pl:111h c:1r1·f1 1lh- l\T iltc 11 11 11 .. 11t "f i111t: 111i.-s
arnl c n eycl11p;1·dias, or i11 ;11 1.1· :-e11ti111L·11 t:il r l1;1 l'""ili1.i11.:.;
ove r 1luwvrs 111 g·(·11 l: r;Ll. L ,·;11" tlit: iir,.: t k 111 d ,, r 11 ril111)-.'.'
to specialists i11 tl1is tif·ld ,,f 11at llral ,.;(' i1·111 ·c., ;1 11< l tlw

rcve 11.i..:·e a11d l1t's iq:~·c d t li c
1111 t il ti l<'y l':iz ed it lo t 11 (:
011 cc \ritl1 :t g 1' 11t•r.,11s Z<·;il
fri c 11 ds l o l'IJj11y as \l'c·ll as

l'ily of Troy fc>r le 11 .)'t' a rs,
g m1111d.
Yc111 an~ fin·(l at
to l'l'\\'l'ile this Lile for y our
y1•11rs1·lf. J:11L fJl(' y l'Vi11 ce

Jillie i11 k n ·s (, a11d .1.lJll ;11·1· oli s: 11•11oi11lc•cl. ~;H,11 '"'"
lea l'IJ t lial. l ill'y li ;r d :ill ll\': 11'< 1 t Iii." s tnn·
lo1t"·
a"o
. • Jt
'
,""')
h
w; 1.-; noL t li :it y 1111 did 110 [. \\'ri te \l'l·IJ - y 1111 n 1ad e <L
111i sl.: 1 k<~ , l1 1; i( is a ll. Yc111 vny 11at11rnlly ,.;11111i< iscd
l h at e 1·c· ryli11dy 1· lsc 11·as ;1:-; ig 11ora 11 L a.ho11t. tl1is as y on
lwcl h•,. 11 ;111 ;iJ 0 11g, t hat.- 11·li ;1L w :1.'i 11 e w Lo yon 11·uu ld
l.e l1e 11 !11 t l1.. 11J ,iJ ,.,JJ. Yo11 i 1 11· (·s l 1t~·;itc • t lw rn;itt c• r
f11ril1 c r. Yo n li11d t.l1a L !111 : sto1·v is tl1011 s;i11cl ,; of \' l':tl's
old, U1a L iL ii :ts lit' \'11 a. :-;t r)(' k ];:1rL of till· l:d1w:i.li;11 1 0 [
111a11 y gc 11 l' mtirn1s of i111 :1g i11ativ e \'<J11tl1. Ll1:d, it. Ji;1,-;
l'ur11i;.:]1<;d tlH•1111•s for ""Ill('- of tl1 c \\:CJl'ld 's £.:T;u1d,•s(. lit~
cralure. 1 0 11 \l'OJ1<kr ;tl11111L t l1i:-;, :111<1 lry ( 11 Lr;u :e t.liis
Y:1s L c·ffecL iJac k lo so a 11p:1n·11 l ly i11.~i g·11ilit«1l1L a c·,a11s('.
You cx ami11L: tl1c lii s Loril'al sid e "I' t.IH: lPgc nd, :lutl
y on Jirn1 fili t l1 h e re illl(l do11l1L tl11·rc : a11\l c;ontr:uli(:t.ion c vc·ry\l-/;1 •re. 011" 111:1.11 tl1i11ks lie l1:ts disc·11vo;r,.rJ
t1a.: [l iJ 11l 1 i f ,\_~-dliit · 111i! 1H1, ;111 cl cL 1i111.~ ,,- itlt :-\ Lill l11 '. ( l 1·i·
r casuil Linl L l1u iias lllH'artlH•d t l1c ruins CJf Tmy it0

seco n<l 1u 1111! l'"l'ls. !\(It tl1:1L all ('J11<>!iC11 1;il '' -']'l'l '""i1111
is Lo lie..: oli>'('.011r:igc :d.
l \y 1111 Hlt'>tl1.~. 01 1h J .. t it ],,.
spo !i t :uw 1> 11:-;, .'.'"·1 1111 111 -. :111.! 11»1 (';ini .. d ;,. 1• x1 ·1·,.;-.; . ,\11d

1

self.

Yu l! wri te aga in.

on ti1 c ot lwr l1 a n d . if y1111 care mon ~ f11 r t I ii: ""i 1· 11t il:1 ·
aspe('L or t l1i11 g s, tli( :rc j,.; Ill ) J'l•;tS<lll wli1' \'()ii C'llli ll " I ii ()

Yu1 1r r eader,,; an: intn1,..~ Le<l
<-

'

"

~I

I N T HU I! UC'L'< >I:\'.

()l'igin; d i11v e,.;li gali oJ1, :t.Jl(l "''' li11cl lll<tkl'ial r(IJ' u1·igi11:tl
writ i11g·. !11,.;lL-ad 1i1· c: opyi 11.~ fr<>llt 1dll\'r;;, si111ply record
wl1a.L y11 11 l1:1n: sL'1·11 y011r;;l'IL
Lall' i11 l11 v L:\·e 11i11 g (Jr tl1<1L ;;a111" ~at 11rda.r. a,.; you
ll' C l'l\ 1rndgi11g \\·1·arily li111111·\\'<1rtl witl1 yo1 1r l1111H·li uf

frog-e n11 uL'l'Ls '( Vcr_y 11·ell.
I lmv 1n:i11 y "l"llT\11\'S tl1 ·11·
up fro111 i1 1c <:1\l'hiLPlll'. tl1is lllUl'lli11g \\'llt'll }< >II t 111·111 '11
t'lic <:< >l'll l: l' into !·: Jin S t rn:L'! You nnilcl 110 L 1·11 11 11 t
t]J Clll , Of l'OllJ',;l', 1111( }< Ill 1·111 tl<J lll :tlzl: il J'Oltg!t l',;(i111;t(('.

1\·l1it 1: vi11kt;;. y11n ;;l11 1•111·d 11,r tl1 e 1·d,g·\: of li1 l' mar,.;]1

Perl1ap,; :-;01111: 11f Ll1L·111 did ll<> L ll y 1q1, tl1t·y al\' ,.:11<·11
l>ulLl c reatun·s - 11 011e ()f yo11r Li111icl \1·il1l-l1ird;; t l1 :tl.

tu l i,;t1·11 lo ll11: 1· .. 111·1:rL .. r ll1 c fr(l .C:'"· Yn11 \n·re re111irnlccl o r llll' ;; t<>r.1· (JI' t II\' I ri;;l1111a1 1 wl1<> ,,.a,, lwbL1:d

will Jll>L ll'L yo11 g«L \ritl1i11 g1111-,;l1<>L 11f tlll 111. J\1111·
find uuL liuw \\'idely di,;Lril111te.J tl1l';;u Eng·Ji,.; J, "l':1rr11 11·,.:

11 11il1·r s11111l'1r l1:it ;;i111iL1r ('i1 ... 11111;;(;111i·""·

Li11<ii,;1i (;)'( '\'" ,.;t :i111l,; l<H l :J} a.'i Oll l: of li1e lllOlllllllelltS

are . You \l'ill l1anll y ti11d that. in l11 1uk,;: 1·1111 ,,·ill
lmvc Lo ask stlllll! 01H : " ·11<> 11as l1l' e 11 in l ~o,.:(1111 :t11d Nl'11·
Orl<.m ns a11d Sa.11 J1' r:111 1·i ,.;1· 0. YPtl \1·ill t lH· 11 ;..;·1·L :1 g 11< H]
gcnernl id L·a 11r l11c 1·1tiil'l' 111111d1ur ,11· tlll',;1· l1 ir11" (11 lie
fo und i11 th e 1·1J1111lry at. 111 ·1·,;\'J t!. Nl'\I , fi1 id 1111 L \\'l11·1 1
they wen.: i11lrud11t·t"l IH·r1: frrn11 E111·1111(' , :111<1 1· 111111•1it1 :
the mte of i11nl';1;.;l'. \\"l1 y d11 llll'} tl1ri1" "" ll<'n"'
'\Vi ll tl 1is tl 1i11 g 1·1111 li111tL' '! Or is t lwn: a 11:tl11ral li111iL
il1n.L prel'l·t1ls a11 .r p:1rti 1·11Li.r f()J'l\l of :111i111:il ,,1· \'\ 'g< ·tahle life fn1111 L'\krn1i 11 at i11g all otll\'r forn1,; ., If"'"•
wl1;LL 1,.: Llt is nalHral li111iL a11d wl11·11 i,; it n-;w ]"" I ·.1
'vVcll, ,n: arc gl'lli11g i11t.11 d1·1·11 ,,·:1ll'r, :111d w1· 11 1;1,r
nut gl'L 011L Hut 1111 111alkr. IL i" ti > ht ~ l11>J>1·il y111 1
110 not. ],..Ji1:1'l· tl1:1L a ,.;\, i11 .!-'.' q111·.,(it111,; is tl11: "l""'i:1l J•t« r ogalin.: or 1'11ul.". T l11 '1'1' :in; 111 :111 y 1111'"" t i111 1,; tl 1: 1t. 1111
foul was ('\'('\' l':t i':tlile or :t;;ki11.~.
!11tlt-1 ·il lill' l't' i.-.;
t>C:tl'cely a J1e Lle r iest oi' ;L lll:tl1's i11(t-]Ji g·1' IH'< : ll1a11 tJ1e
sort or q1w,.:li1111,; 11< : a.sl\,; . :\111l >'() ll\11' q111 ·sli1111,; lll<l\
g·n i111:111.-.;11 •·1·l·1l. \\'li: 1t t lw 11 !
\\'" 11:11" :it i1·:1't li:til
S<>1111·tiii11 g· t" tlii11k :1i11111l :111d [11 \l'l' ik ;il1<• llt.
'l'l11:re \\';L,; anutlwr tl1i11g y1111 11 .. ti, ... d tl1i,.; 111111·:1111 ,:.;.

Lu l 1is g 1·11 i11 ,;.

Tl1 e llllle grec11-painll'•l ll11\1er-p•Jt \1·itl1 ih l.l110111 in:.;

ln li11 d t l11· ;;J1(1rit-,;l

\ \ ' ii_\'

11 1· wa s a11xiu11;;

!111111<'.' ,)'<HI 1"10\\', a 111l ll'ltl' IJ a

n1i ,;1· l1il'Y11t1 s littll' fn 1g d(l11·11 i11 l11 c ;;lu11gl 1 "l'11k e 11p
i11 a. l1i g·li-kl'n·d 1·11i1·c (1·ll i1 1g· l1i111 t<> "L'llL :ll'rn;;s, 1.·11t
;1(']'(1,;,.:, 1·1il :H·r<1;;,.:, .. !11 • ,.:1111H· \\·l 1:1 L l1l';;itati11gly ve11tnrcd.
I I<' \\ ' ii" g·t.:tti11 .g· <l<'l'jll'I' a 11d d l'l'{'<'I' i11 tlt1 : 111ire ll'ill1
1•\'l'r\' :<ll'{' l11 1\\'1·1·1·r 11·l1 l'll "t ie <>id 1'l'11i1k\'r l':t.111 e t <J l1is
n·,;1·111: 11·itl1 t111· ,;:1g1: :11hi1T , dl'lin·rl'd 111 a ;;l:LLe ly
tft)
111111 , [<1 •• ,g'<I rt 1\1 IH l :ii Hl\ il ., go ro1111d a I 1<>11 L, ,...,
l'l >I 111<] ;d lOJtl .. . ,
Tr:Ll'L'kr,; 111 (;n·e1·e a;;s1:rL tl1:Lt 111

(IJ'(ll

tl1e Tli""":tlia11 111ar,;l1l';; i<>-day 111a y Lt: l1 l'ard tli1 : :<allie
,.;tr:111 g 1· 1·l1!1l'll"· l:n·kkl'b·kl'X , k11-;1.\, ko-;t\, l1n·kke k<'b· x. k11-ax, l:<>-ax , ,,·J1 i1·li \\' (· kll<>\1· .\risl<>pl1a.IH'" l1<' a.nl
\ <>w y1111r fr1;g·s cl1111l1tl\- ,;;;
two tJ1.,11;;:1 11d y 1·:1r;; :1.:..:·(l.
II\' j t if<' I' (; l' l'l' I; 1101' I lil1l' rJ1ia11 , l111L tilt'} "l'llke
111111 1· tl11 : k;;s di;;ti1ll'tly . \\' l1a.L did l lil'.)' ,;a.y" CuulLl
1·.. 11 1':11<-!1 it <'\ :wt h · '! ('p1tlcl yo11 r u prrnlt1ee it, even

Wl' I'<:

l L 111i g li L l1u \1·u1tl1 y o11r wl1ile to
l'illl!.!'lii :l11d n·l'rodtll'P<i ,;o \\'l'll
t i1e e rna k ol' iii,; 11ati1·c ln1!..'.·,; 1li:1t tliaL Jill(: of 1rnlr

:q1[1rn\ i111atel y
ti'\' .

·1

Ari,;L()pl1:1111·,;

B11t y1111 li1·" 111 ti ll' (' it\'
~:tL11rda .\·

'1

:11111 .\'< ill !':L1111ot .i..:·o o n

tr:1111 ps 1i111ii11:.:· 11·111Hl -tlm\'\•r,.; a.nd Ji,;t1 ·1 1111,'..; lo

0

_g'(~ra 11 i1 1m

w:1,; 111>!

on t.IH : \1·i11cl"11·-:-; i ll

t11 l "' ,;1 ·1·11 i11 ih 1·11,.;t 1>111:1ry pl:11·1·

"r

a ,... r::1i11 l1<111 ,_ ,. ; :11rd :1 • :1r11:1.!..'.··

1'.\'l'l:ODUCTU I~ Y.

tliaL lollk cd sHspiC'ionsl y like a dCJl'l.m':; wa:-; waiting lx:fore Ll1c <luor. Every 111Prni11g for :-;evcnd \\'\;eks t hat
pink gera11ium l1ad gn:ctc(l you, ll1idi: i11g a origlit spot
i11 tlic gl()Olll of t lie narrow te11e me lit-street. AL 110011
~vl1 c 11 tlie st111 11eat. i11 there l'iliks,.;ly , U1e ll(lwcr l1ad
disa.pji\:;u·ed. . \ i'L·\1' strvl'ls hack tlJ('n: are l1u11,.;es witl1
g rl': tL ('1111s1·.n ·;it11ri(',.; lilkd \\'itli gllrge11 11s t.ro[>i(·.al j1l ;i11ls.
1\ g:1rdP11L'l' w11rk,.; :1.1111111g tl1l'111 e11 11,.;[a11tly.
B11L tl1ese
flower:; }"11 s11sped. an· kl'J'L f11r ,.;}ww, and .)'ll ll !Jave
hee 11 i1wre i11 krested i11 tl1e hUle gera 11i111n whose
l'l>Jlli11gs a nd .~·.,i11g,.; g;1'·" e ,·id(:1J('1·. CJf lo vi11g 1·arn.
\Vl1 y, is it pus:-;ilih; tl1a( yo1 1 l1ave e \·er :;at. fCJr half a11
li o 11r, ser:tt.cl1i11.i..; ~- 11111· 111·:1 .J :111d g11;iwi11g tlie e nd of
your pl:11-l1 CJ!dcr tryi11g tll tl1i11k ,,r "so111etlii11g lo write
al1011L .. '!
H y1•ll lia\-L' difli1·11lt,r i11 li11cli11g s1111wtl1i11g to wr it e
aliu11!, yot1 111a\" 1>1 : :-;11re iL i." l1l· 1·;wt<t' }"\I l1ave iL wm11g
ilh:;1. ;1;; tu \1·l1 :1L 1·.->11stit11k,.; ;L 111·01•('1' tl1l'lll t;. l'(:r\1 ;1ps
yuu tliink it. sl 1n1thl lw so 1111 ·t lii11 g n·111ole i11 t i111 c ur
pLL('l', solll\ ' cl1»<niptin11 of <;n· u11l:1111l or story of Ll1 c
:-;oullt :-;, .a lsL111cl:-;. son11· 1'\" 1·1it. in !11(: pat<l, ,.;1111H.l tltcory,
s11111e propl1('<T of (!11 : f11t11r1•
srn11L•tlii11g i11 sl111rt. !bat.
yo11 111 :\'('J' 11 :1\'1· :-;,· .. 11 , tl 1;1t. l1:1s s1·: 1ret·ly ,.,·e r OtTllpied
_y()ur Ll1011ghts :1t :ill, a11d t !1:tt in crn1,.;c1111e11 ee you know
little nr 11ot.lii11 g ;tl•o11t. Ir ,.;11(' !1 lit· .) t•llr idea it i:; n ot
strange that .""11 sl1 n1tld lt ;l\·1: tn i•nnle a long time before li g hting u1•011 \\'l1<Jt ~1 · 1•111s lo you :i s11itahl c s11hjcc t.
i\111l tl1 e 11 yu11 11 ill !1;11·1· tn rat·k yo111· brains a lon ge r
lime tn find so11H.!lhi11g to \ITilc upo n tlie :rnhjcct, or
cbe t.ik c r c fngc in wli;tt. so111 eho<ly else l1as writte n .
Now "mc:king the ])(':1ins" i:; a thing gooLl enougl1 m
itself, only w e 110 11ot \\"<111t to have too 111uel1 of it lo

11

to 1lo first is to wril<'.
do n.t the out:;et. \vll .,'•.t \V e '''"nt
"
Then after n. while we shall find that tl1e cxp n·ssion uf
thought ]1;1.s grmnt eom parat iv cly sn <·:1,.;y t\ial we ea11
dev,;tt. n e:u·ly all 011r ti111e antl t"lll'rgy lo tl1t' tlto11gl1t.
itself. Tl11·;·1·fon· 110 not sl't'k too far f11r rnakri ,iJ. g,.
imtisficd for tlte Jll'l'st• nt with l1011H·-topi('s a11d l1ll1111·thourrht:-;. Ynn a.re tlii11ki11g about. so111('tlii11g- 111 ·rl1ai's
ever; waking 11 wnH·ii t of yo ur lift'. Y<•tt ~,tlk fast
enough tuo wl1Pn y(l u are arn11ng your (·rn111':u11 11 ns. and
wit!to 11 t even a thought of its dit'lil'11lty . It. rn1g·l1L tn
be ;tl 1J1nst as (':l'>Y tn writ(•: and it is. \' 11u \\·ill li11d· i L
,_ 0 if yo 11 o11ly \~' rill' as y11 11 tl1i111' and Lalk. taking tl1e
·
tl. w 111 111
· 11h•1l'. l 1 tl1•·~ sa111e wa."' .
Sftn1e s 11l>j1 \ds a111 1 tn·al111g·

'And yon \\·ill !ind too tl1a t w1·iti11 .~, far frn111 11l'i11g· :t
t;1sk, is a rea1 pleas11n·.
Is it s1.nwtl1ing lH'\\' that you \\'iL11t ·: Tli1· 1·li;i11 cl's
:ne just a.s g"11 1d tl1a l yon will liud iL riglit al t.11m: a.-;
else wh e re . A l11i1llsa.nd aspiring, nr, it. m:1y \,.-, dn,·c11
and d esperate, y 01111 g pssayists lia \'t• writ tlc'1 1 11p1H1 t.he
o·euius nf N;q1oleon ;t11il tli" ]>l1·:tsnn·s of !111\"' :u11! ll 11·
blcssi11g·s of' l' i v ili ~.:Ltio 11; l111L t.t-1 1 lo 1>111 · 11"1'"'1'· l1a.s
eve r y~'.t writti·ii ,i.1,.,11(. y1111r gra1 1d !'atl1(·r',.; l1a1·11 witl1 all
its lleni'l.('ll" !'r1H11 t\w t·;tln:s i11 tl1t, l1a,;1·111t •1it. l.11 tlw
pi gt\ Ons 111 tli e r1111f, 11 itl1 ih 1•1ill1·y -f11rk :111d g rilit1
ehutes, its har11ess l'IH•lll ;u1d n1nd1i1Jl'ry slwds, and till'
ilwxh;uisti lih' i·1·so11J'l'1'" fpr f11u in it:-; s1•:1 .. i1111s carri:1g·t·
room and lia\"llll>\\' 1tl1 a rainy day.
Tlw l11 1·i11_g· anti
truthful t.tltH~lH-:" w\1i e lt y 11u are s11re \11 g·il'l• (11 •it-script.ions of this cltarader will l1l' wortl1 111"re tl1:1n :111
the artifirial gl: mwr your Lull'.y rn:1.y ~,l1n 1 \\' "'"'!' " 1·l· 11 1dcappeil tflwe rs and gorgf·nus palatTS.
You ]1ave rn;ttl e a n1istake at. ti11ws. ["'rli:ti'"· ill i111 -

::"

];2

JNT I WDl:CTOJ:.\'.

ng inin g Llmt; what was n e w to yon wnnl<l lie

othe rs.

ll C \Y

so1nething t1 1aL y()ll ]1;1\·c 11111 11(1 ti1 ·l·tl lw1'11]'(' tlin1;.~·l1 it
may lMve l1l' l'll t.!1.:J't : :L lo11g ii 111i: . 1(1·,.;L a,;,.:11 n·d ·'"''
Crtl1 finll SU1;!1 LJ1 i11 g,; 1·\'t' I',\' clay.
:\ 11'1 11·1 11· 11 ]0111]; i1 :,c; fi;i·
t h em l1:ts g ro11·11 :t lraliil. y 1111 11·ill ti 11d yo111·s1 ·lf li1·i11 .g- :t.s

B nt yo u make! a g1·('atc r mistak e i11 Lak in'" it.

'

b

Ynu 11·:t!k Llirn n gli i l;e s l n •t•b (lf

yo ur 11at i\·e Lown or cit.1· and find i t :ti! tnn l'.< 1111moriplace h> fnrni sl1 } (Ill :t li lti ng t!H·111t~.
B11t. 1-011 tra v!' l
l o a f'11n·i _g·11 t'1t11Jdry a1 1d 1·isit. i ts i11t ·tr111111l i,; fc.i r tl 11 · lirst.
Li me . Jlt:n: t· 1·t·1y tl1i11 ,g· i,; 1111\·t·l, fn>111 t ill' ]>:i\·i 11 g ,,f tli'-'
st reet>' t ll tlw arl'l1itl'l'l11 1·t· 111' tlw p11lili1·. ln1i ld i11g·,.; , f'r 0111
t he sig-1 1,; 01·<·r t lw s l1 111•-cl.1llrs !11 tl11 • dn·ss and ;11:1 11111 .1.,.,
of Lir e t·lcrk l!\'1 11111 ! tlit• C<lllli!t :I'. Y,,11 :i n : i11,.; ,in·d t11
1
H;c.;onl ,11 111 1 111 1un·s,.;i111 1s :Llld yc111 Iii! y1 111r ,illl rrn:rl \\'itlr
g raplii e d<·,.;t·riptinn,;, :t11d \\'ri tt· !1t11 g ldit·r·s !11111 11 :.
\ 'c , 11
\\'Ollid Jik1• l<i j..J[ :tll [tll' \\ '()r]c] 11 f wf1:il. 1·011 !1 :t\'I ! Sl'l'll
a11tl hea rd.
BuL .\ ' <!I t fad Ill n ·:d izt: tl1: 1.t tl1 1•n• :in·
,,.111
, 1u,;arn 1s 11·110
' 'i1:t\1• S)ll' li l il1t·i r Jin·,; i11 tl1is .. jt · ;i1 ]
1 11
11·!1 ., l i 11~l 11" 1111tr1 · ""'i 1i;-:ll11 111 ·h1· r1· tl1:111 \"1111 1'1111.1 11 1 i 11
TlH·y 11·1 111 id Jllit. J,.. l1 :1l f s 11 111 11 "1 1
i11 Len•stecl i11 \rliat yo u might \\Ti!<' :th>11t. it :1,; in wl i:rL
you 111igl1 L \\' ri le al 1(111t Y llll r l1;111l! '.
l« ·: 1liz1· t! 1i,.; 011 , ..,
} •>l!l

11aL i1 e j1Lt1T.

ancl yo 11 .~·11 ""'"" 11 itl1 '' s1 ·11 ."1 · .. r tl1 1· r:11 ·itr :1ir<I j 111 _
)H11·l: 111\·(· 111' \\'l1: 1L y1111 11:1.11 a ll :11 1111 .~· 1·:1ll1·d 1·1111; 1111 111pl a i·i·.
l i t 'l 'l~ :1L 11111111· yo 11 111ay 11nt. 111• al.Jc • t11 \\'rit 1· 11·it Ir 'Jll iti·
Ll 11 : s :11111 : k1 ·1· 11 11('s,; " r i1it1·)'t·,;I. l111i .1·· 111 1·: 111 i11:1k1 · , , f11r

11

•)

rontc tn srl10<1l ll 1a t \"(Ill 11·ill s;· ,· sn11w1l1i1: .C'.' 1w ,.1·

tn

lor g rn.11 Led tl1:tt wl1aL i,; <l id an d. f: u11i l ia.r tn yo11 will lie
so Lo C\'e rybncl)" el>'t! .

1 'J

l :\Tl: <l l l\ iCT Ol tY .

it. wnn ! in ;111tdl11·r :111'1 llrtlsi \\·'<1 111 kri'til 11·11r\d.

Y .. 11

w:utt a. s t: i•.i•·"t i'11 1· "" ''"""\
J;if; c " Tit ,· :-;; 11TI i Li1·"
In." i\lal c: iL dr:111·i11 !_'.· or iL lir.st. 1111:11 1111' C'lil\l'\(lj'
(:alls :1. t1lni or pL11 1.

L111 ·;111' tl1" \1 .. 11." ' ''· ti"' 1·,·11· ··· ' :111 •i

grttes. t\11· 11·:i ll;-; . 1111 • tn·,•,.:.
Y1111 11·111 '""" ' 1!11.\ rt 111·1·1 ·" sarv to t.;r.];1 · :111;riJ; tlrr1t 11:_;·\1 Iiw s1 1·, ... t i11 111·1l"r 1<> 11 ·1 ·11·1·
ynur pl:1n: :111d 1,.. f,, n · .' ." " :rr" 1\1 r11 11.:..:·l1 _,·.,11 1\l rl ,· .. 11 duclc tli:rt. y11 11 .Jicl 1111 1 k11 .. 11 l1:1ll' ·' " 11111 1·!1 :1 1111111 11.11r
I ."\\ ll ]i t·\1 · i'\ ·! / 1!!!•··.
;-;Lrcct. :1s Y"" t I1011 .:..:·i rt -"'Ii 1 ii 1ii.
.
\Vu si1;rll li 11ii l"'n ·, 111 I"·
~1 •Jll1' 11r 11....; ;11·j' 1i;1111t ·.1 1: \ ( 11111·1\ ; 111..l
1 n indi,·idua: .. .; _
.~

~~
~,_-

rlf ' \'\IJ';lt1·

c1 i1~•·1'\ 1· r;-.; ;111(l i ':1 L ·11L11111-:-.; , 1d ]11·1·~ :1 1·1·

JW.ri 111 \'llL 1111 _1 .. 111·,.;,.lf.

i·>,-

!1 1'1 .

Tn i<> 1·"1·;r ll ti"' 1'"111 ·1·11'

,.f

111"

cn.rpct,; or r11 g-,; at. l11 111H". tire 1"i\ 11r of tiw p:i111·r 1111 t!w
wall or \'<Jill' 1... .J -ro11111. ( ':11 1 \'IJll .:..:·i1·,. 1i1 .. 0:1111 1 il>l•i[i-;
of t .!11 • J'tl(lJil y11\I ;\J "t' ])11\\ (H"I ill 1\ 111 .~ :·'! 1 ! 11 · !) l !ll)i)i'!' 1!).
,;q 11~ 1 . n :
of

1·111l s 01· ;i1·1 r,; i11 _,·,11 11 · J1l:1_1 -:_;T111111 •l '' ii"' 11111 11i1"J'
fn11 11 tl11'. g·1tl1· ti • iLt· ('t1 rJ1\ ·I'·.)
~1, 11 1i ' 41!' \ · 111 1

pa,·t · ~

w il l li11d ( l1:1 t. _\'O il c·;r11 .\11 t lws1 · t \1i11 .:. :·,.; 11·it !1 <"ilS<'.

( It l1"r"

Llr i,.; liy iid t· lii .y :t 11tl sr1 11 1'at irr. 1\ 1111 111 1"'' y 11ll frill y fet •I
t.hat \\'l 1a (, i.s 111•,; I. kr111w11 t11 yo111·s1·ll· is f,.:1,;t. ]; 11 0 \\'ll tll

of } llll 11·ill ]H' Slll'jll'l >'< " l t11 li1tcl ti 1:tL _\1111 1J11 11111 k111111
pns it.iv<·h wl1l'tlll'r y11 11r 1f.., 1n·s (. l'rit :11cl 's 1·11·,.; :11t· lm111 11

ll!'arly c n •rybH!y 1·ls1', y11 11r i1 d1· n ·st ll'ill 1,1, :1r 11 ri sl' d
11 lil'n: i L 1vas 11t ·1·l'r :tl'l111,.;1 ·d l 1<' f<ll'l '.

orlihH·, :1n il 11· l11· tl 11 ·r .\ir. :-;11 -:11iil-:-;,1. 1111<>111 11>11·''" . 1·11·:·1·
I t i ,-.; t 1·I I 1\. ; i •, 1 I I i .-... I l 1 i l .~~-

J\_~·ai n

am yo 11 1111i t.: s 111'<· tlll'l't' 1s 1111 l so 1111 ·tlriir g
ll C W, ('\' C ll ft>r _\'(Il l. i11 tJ11·si: "Jd f': 111 1ili:1 1· "' 'I'll<'>' .,
\ \',
all11\\' t.l 1i11g,.; (11 1..;T11 1r o ld to 11 s too soon i1 1 t,1 1j,; world.

.. ;•

4 •

to co11 ,.: itll·1· !11>11· litt\1 · 11<' ,.., .,. 11 itl1 11 111· ''.''" ·" '' /'" " ;i 1[ 1l11 ·
tinw.
1• i",l '

1·\1•1 ·
•. 1 ,

H est ih·p cn·n · 111111·11111g as .\'llll t:1kt· 1·111 1r :;, ... 11 ,-t•>llH·d

~t··~

'<

. !!~'\
:i ~.~....:.

;
·,

14

I :\Tl:OI ll ' C'l'U 1: y.

n ot be tha.t, if yon co 11l(l look tl1ro11g li a.110U1 cr's eyes yon woulu find the t olnr of the rrrass to be not er ·c
l t l
""
,
,,, 1 en,
·J·ll· w i:tt you.han! :tl11·ays c:dl1•d hlt1 e ') 111 otl 1t'r WtH·ds,
'" 1t not pn:-::-:1
blu. tli:ll ,..,<•ra.-;s. lli ,·tl-' ' "
.. t 1IL• "·Lille
..
.
.
•
I 1111 •n·:-:s1on
on anoil1t)l'" npt1e 111:rvcs. th ·"
·1' Ll1 '·. "'}
·I· . 111.t
. 1,cs
- on yours
and
,. .t. }C
. t ( 1.I 1.1.t'J't'llt .lllljll'l'S:-:ion Oil'
. . that tl1e .sl '.·)· in·d·
' ,ts
111s?
<•····11
·
- pressio11 rc. . Of<:ourspwea
· ·
· ,..,ilu
in e :t lllg
t I1c 1111
ce1vP< ~ from (Ill' sa111e tl 1in g 11.r the s:1111c na11ll!, antl so
thcrt' is no 1·011f11sirn1. l\1 1t. who s l1all :-:ay l\'l1 <·tli1 ·r l h c~e
thing...: arc or :tn• not ti 111 " .,· I' l'I'1l:t.j>s \\-,. ar1• li1·i11ir in
very di'.fl'l"l' ll l 11·or]cl:-: all l11P ti111e a nd l1a \'e 111·1·1 ·r~ 11 s­
pectc1l 1t. ~ : 0 rtai11 it i:-: tl1a! :-:orn1 ~ ]'t'np l1· :tn! 11·l1at w e
call colo
.
. · 111
· g_ .r hl1nd
. .:lllcl han· ,..,"'l'l"ll
· cliili i·nlt"
,, j 11 1e1·og111z
.
flll(l d1st1n "'o·t11:-:l111w·
\'l'ry
]W(ll
l
[
I
0 llll <·1:• a.JH <11v1• 1·,.;1• colnr"~
"
.
( :ertai n it i:-:, tnn, tl1at if we cnnld looiTnii· niir ni· ighhm:
cy~s and ear:-: 11·c· sl1011l cl s<'C ti11ts tl1a t. we uevr r saw
l>dore a11il l1t'ar sn11llcls :mil h:n·nH)lli Ps tliat. '''" llP\'t' l'
heard
If 11·t· I 11t I I.Ill
· ' t I11· I 111g· ·S Jd'l"ll St'llSt ' 11f Slllt' Jj fl
pr:te!.1<·ally 11 c11· (j .. Jd of k11011·ledge \\'1> 1ild Ji« op0iwd up
t.o us. Ih~.ronrl :t tlnuht tht":-:1· i11d iv id11 :d a11d raf·<: diff,, 1._
e n ~! L~s e_
xisL Tlivrdnrt' t:1ke tl1 1•st• iidt1 ;w<·o 1111 t aiicl
wn Lu 11·1t11 tli1· t·1•111·i..tin11 tli:tt }<>II lial't' sn 111 etliiiw Jtt • w
·1,c:ts in the ~'o rld
to say :1hout the 1110:-:t <·0111m onplael) 01, 1
l
.
,
)ev: ws.« your st•n:-:t·s !1:1 n• l11l1l y on a. d ifft' I'<'llt sti»ry alin iit
them from wl1:1 L 011rs l1a1·<· t11ld <·ach rnii · of us . .
~[ . <:nu 1-s ~ all tl1is is n11t tlw art of iHitin g . ]We ndy
an ,tt tempt 1~ l'.t'l'I'_ n1:1dt' to g i1·p you a fe ll' Jiin ts upon
the secret of hnd11w
- \ .0 II \\ "I ll n e V(' )'
,.., m·1tni·d
•
• ' 'sr> lli·.t 1
nec< l to h esitate ng-:1i11 for a snl1jcd. IJ ,;w to work tliis
material in to li temtu m is anot li er pro] 1lt'n1.
.
_'

>

SECT10\ l. - N AlUt :\T IO~ .

EX EI W ISE l.
1:\ C lllE:\T.

The most of us tind it e:tsi er to tell what a 111:Ul tlul',.;
than to tell how h r. l""ks. IL may seclll st.r:wgc thn t
thiR should he :-:n wl w11 111~ cnn,.;ide r tl1:tl. a nrn11's act ion :s
are cm it.innally va.r ying wl1il c his appca r:111cc rem:1.ins
prn.ctically the s;lltll' :11111 gi 1·t·:-: pl enty of oppnr t1111ity
for st11(1y. B11L it i,.: sn, nnn c th e Jt.ss, :is yon r 01\·n
exper ien ce ll'ill st1011 sl 1ow . \V <' (·an t1·ll :1. slnry rcallily
nou1d1 as l o 111r as 11·,, <tre d1•ali11g with :\ct.inn,.: and
e
"'
,-,
events, lmt it: it. l>l't"1 1111es n ecc,.:s~try t.n <lesc riloe tlw
cenes o r eh:tmet1·1-s. 1n: l1e:-:itale :t,.: hefor<: a dilli e11lt
8
problem. \V e slml l 110L stop now to inquire i11t•> tlt1•
ren.son o [ t.h i:-:. S t111ic e j t tn note th:tt WC :trC llSU:lll )'
more in te.1·este. d in a.c:t.inus <tntl eve nts th an in m en·
objects or scenes. Tl1c•re is ahout the [11 r1111·r an v1"rn ent of 11ncertainiy :1.11<l snrp ris<~ ; \\' C s(·ldum \;11•>11'
just wh:tt to expect 11 cxL a rnl n nr atk11li"11 is tlicrd .. n:
k ept on the alert. AiHl whatever we arc iu u~n·,.:t<·cl in
witn esRin g we are likewise in ter est.ell in ])('ari11g or
tellin g about. Here t.lien l et us begin.
Select from ynnr pa.:-:t ex pe ri en<:e any in ei1lc11t tl1at
had for the time licing an interest. o( it-.; own, 1111
matter h ow trivial. Be a.ssnretl tl 1a l a11ytliing wliil·li

Sl~ll'LE

17

lNCIOE NT.

..

. ·~

survives in yo ur memory :111<1 whi ch suggPst.-: it.-;clf Lo
yon now (leri ve.s from som e SD 11 rcc su lli cicn t i Ill pnrtancc
Lo make it 'l·ortl1 n:Lil i11 g. .l \or is it 11t:cess;1ry for you
to trnl!lile yo nrsl' lf ali()11L t li e so11rn: of Ll1<1L i111p"rtan ce.
Tell in a simple :111d st1·;1igl1tft0rn:ll'll 111;u111('f' j11st wl1at
OCCil!T\ :(I, \1·l 1a t }1111 1lid Ill' w]1;1 t }•Ill s;111· dllill: , wiLl1ouL
a11y addili1111s 11r t•x;i .t.:g· .. r;t( i1111s. H!iL tirsl., aftt·r you
l1:tve s1· ll'd\'d (iii: 01Tlil'l'<'llt'1: t.11 111 : n ·l:1!.t-d, fix ll(HJl 1 all
:1p11r.-i11 riak titl1•. ( )11r g( •111·ral s11hjc•1·L is " .\11 l11 ci<le11t.," 1111L ll1i:-< 1,.; ra ll1 .. r 111() i11d1:li11il1 ; (cJ s1 ·1·1·t! a11y
purposu l1esill"" 1li:it. 11f a fig111·t·-l1l'a<l, a11d s l11111hl lie
n :sortcd to 111il,r \1·lw11 yo n (';Jll fi111l 11otl1i11 g tl1aL is aL
on ee slwrt ;111d ap1•rt0p1i1l1: a11d lll ol'\: spc1·.ili1 :. 'l:J1e
followin g are gi\·e 11 as cxan1pl1··s uf

A Sc·1·1'!'(; Lt '.'<SClll.
011" \\":i y lo ( ' r"' '

:t

,\lucld1·

'j'j,., ]11il'l'J'llj•l«cl s..,.111011 .
Tr;q111i11g a :\Jou ,;.,.

Stn·d.
CaLe lii11g- :i. Tarl:1r.
Nal.11n·'.< H,.1·1·11 .i.:·1 -.

\1"1·11 M1·rif,.d.
J\ S11rpri s1•d .J:ip.

JJ" w I ~li ,;.-.;1•d ilio • Tr:ii11.
J\ 1'11·aduw ! .:irk',; J\1·a1·1·1·1".
.l\ly l'rPdi c:i111 .. ul.

A l'rad.ic:il .Jui«-.
Arri1·a] of tl1o , ~Jail.

All l Jn1 •xpl'cli·d

l'a11 ,~· liL

;\fl'1·li11g·.

111111· ]

l. l!st. i\l y Jlr,.akt'asl.
Icy I.ill! Tid e.

Jt is nn t li k<·lr tl1;1( :111y 1d' t.11('Sc' s11lij<'cL-; will s11iL
t he i11 c ide nt. y1111 lmn' in 111ind. l11d1·l'd some of Llwm
li:we 110 llH.'a11ing <.:Xl'l'JIL in connc·dio11 11·itli tl1 e p:trtieular incident n·lated. They are offere1l ll1 c rdy as
examples of suitable aIHl nttractin titles. They have

~-

fro111 su l 1jtTL-: adnally 1ni Lk n u po 11 a w l
hint :ts lo tl1u varil'Ly ,;1· rnal t> rial t J1;1(

Sl:\l l'LE I :\CI l>E:\'J'.

If yon ]1avc l'oll1111t'<I inqdi1·iLl _y tll<' f1·\\. dircdi1111 ."
a ivcn in t.lie i•r1 ·1Tdi11g 1·x1·n:is1· a:1d 11:1\'1: L'a11 ;..:li< t i"'
spiTit of the suggc:-<ti1111s, t.l1 e \'ssay you l i;L \ ' \' 11ri tt .. 11
may be callc11 an cxam]'le of "i111J>I" 1111rr11tiu11. T ii:1<
is to say, it ll c:ils al111ost. 1·x 1·lusi\'vly 11·it l1 al'li1111s and
wiLl1 !.l1i11gs tl1at. Lil; ,: plac e i11 s11c1·t's:-;i1111 11 1 : L
certain order, and tlial. <·ons11111c t/1111" no 111;it t1· 1· l111w
little or how n11H :li, i11 tlit:ir oc-e111-ren c1 "
Furtlwr,
in your essay there an-, nr slin11lil ill', 110 1•11ilwlli."l1ment.s; leave such things for later work. N11 irrl'l•·'vfl.nt f: wts shoul<l lw g1vc11, no u11n<'1 '1·ss:11J \1·llril ,. ;
should he used. If what yo u li:tn: ll'rit l1·n s l1011·s i11
n.ny of tl1esc r csped.-; a d1·viat.io11 frorn wl1;1 t \\"; ts d\'sfred, r ewrite i t, acll1 eri11g a:-< closely as 1111ssil11n t"
, fact.<; and makin g ns u of tl1<· sin1l'lcst and 111 ll,.d . 11:1111rnl
. Jano-uao-e
at .Jvml'I' 1·0111m:wd.
Ir •y1\11 f1·<·l t.J1;il •1· n11 \1;11·"
b
0
already don e this as f:1itlif11lly a.-; y1111 <·a.11, take tlw
following- s1rnlelon i11skad a11d wril.t~ onL i11 f11ll tlw
incidenL s11ggesL1,<1 l1y i t:
. · Boat - Rliu rc - h1y - ]'row - calc 1il:dP --- 11.,tp 'Cipitated - watnr.

j
j

l

.~

'

.~

r'"'"il

-

•.

]'rt'-

Tell the story <· it.li er in tlie first pe rsn11 11r in the
the standpoint of tl1e c:liief ador Pr from

.....

·'

CUI.UH 1·; 1>

that of fl.n

cyc-witne~;:; .

As th e in ci(len t is purely

]fl

l:St ' LL.Jl·: :ST.

EX F,J{C ISE II I.

i1t1;1.g i nary yon will lia n' great freedon1 in tlte c hoice

of m i n o r <i!'tai ls li u t 11·ill b(• m et liy t!H~ difli e n 1ty of

CO LO IU-:J) I\"(' Ill E :\T.

tell in g tl wrn p rl'< ·ist·l y as t l1t·y 1n i.~lit, ad11:tll y l1appen.

Thus fa r \\"!..: 1nw\: c 11c l c ;1vorc1 l t o t·o ll j .111('. ll l'•l""t 'l\'t'"
to the plaiiiesL ];i11d of u:L1Tali1111, l11 tlit: L1itl1f1tl
arnl s t r:Ligl1Hur\\"ar1l n·Litio 11 of n·al 111' i11 1:1 .~·i 1 1 :1ry cwcurrence s.
lh:acl •1 g-:t i11 tlie rnrn kl gi\"l:11 i11 l·>.,:.,n ·i,.;,·
JI. Noti ce how c11tirely d c vttid i t. i,.; 111' a11ytl1 i 1 1~·

Ymir ol1je('t \ril l l!l' Lo 111 :1kt' t.i!l' in c id!'11t sce111 e ntirely

real an(l lifrlikt ·, to a.1·1111.~t · a11d li11ld tlie n :ade1\; interest. Tl1l'rl'fon· pil'tu rt· t.o yo11 rs l·lf the occ urrence
as vi,·icll _y a ,.; y n11 <·:11i.

Tl11•11 lt~ ll i L nat11rally, in th e

jl:LsL h• 11 s<• :111d i11rli «: iti,·,. 111111l c , a11d with nn hin t of
anythin g ficlil i1111s :il1out it.
The f1.Jlt)11"ing 111:·1y
kind <•f e om1in,; it i1 in.

J,,.

foreig n to the s11lijt·«L or of :u1yLl1i11g i11 tlll' 11at11 n·
orname 11t.

studi<' d a s a model nf this

Ev..:n·

1101'<1

every word is lr: u:.: .

is 111.:n·ss;1ry, and _y1111

TlH: wril«r Lll'j1e 11d,.; s1.!1 ·h · 111"•11

tJie inhe re n t i1d e l"l's (i11 g 11C',.;S nf llw :-It>!} !11 :11' 11 11 ~ 1· 1] 11·

Do no t a ssume that all th e

i11ndt~ ls 111 :1·1· g· i n·n arr JH' rfpc•t. nr even e x ce ll e nt of
M:111y of tl it·1 11 :ire si111pl y good spec ime ns
of wnrk tha t ha s lw e 11 <l1>11 c hy stud e nt.;;. I t rnay well
be tl1 :tt you C<lll p rod ne e J1dter.

interc:-;t of tl1l:

rc: ule r.

I 11 two phccs 01ily

adverb wildly a.1Hl t.l 1!~ :idjLTtiv« ·~!J~·l/(li11:1

tl1eir kind .

- i11 t lw

1s t 111·11· t !11 ·

slight.est a.1•prna."11 t o \\·a.rt 1 a.11.1·tl1i n~ « x lr:i 11 cu11s.
B 11 I
even t.] 1,,,.,c. won1s. aJ>art fr11n1 tlll'il' oni:11111'11l;1l 111l 11· 1' .
eonv<'v j!] p;1,.; that 1-:1111111l 11«·11 I": 11111itt1·cl.

AJ..\[O:o;TA

.,r

f, ·,·I 111 :1 \

1\ .. 11· 1·11 111 -

tl1<tL sc le ct i1111 t I"' f11llnwi11g:
pare \~'
.• I°'h
c

Hl ' NAWJ\Y.

J\ s I 11· ~, pa,;sin g tl11 • 1''''1.-CJ /li ce y<·s lt•rday 111 ornin g a sllllden
g11st uf wind ca nglit l},.. c1.r111• r o[ 1ny cloak a11d s!'lll it tlapping
"lit. wi ldly lll'lii 11 d 11w. A )11.,·s,. ~ tandi11 g lo y th e· }':tl'e t 11 t~ tt l took
fri g·ht at. lhl' 1111 i_,.. :111d tl11' l.ri .~ lit to lur o r th e eloak -linill[.:. lfe
wlief'lf'd aro11n d aloriq•th-. ow rturning t.hP 1111,:.:-gy to w!tirh he was
l1arnc'SS<'rl a11d tl1 ro wi1 1.~· u11l it , ~01,, occ 11pa11 l, a lit.tie l.ioy. f was
1·ery 11111cl1 ala rin"d 11·]1«11 I " '"" tha t th e lioy ltdd on to. the lines
a ~ the l1 or~P start 1·d 111 r11 11, an ti llta t he and the vel1iele were
·1.i ei11 g tlra gg!'<l :il"11.t.::· da11 gr>rn1isly c·I"'" t" P:c<·h o1lwr.
F.,r1n 11at.el,v, at. tl1i' j 1111e·t 111-.· . a 111:rn ~pra11g fn rll" arrl, and sf' izint.:: the
l1 orne loy th e hr idlt· lo..fnr<' 111 · l1a1l fairl.v _, /arf"Pd, s11 ri' t·l"<kd in
cl1ecki 11 g- an1l q 11it·li11g- lii111. 1.itth· da111ag« l1ad l"" 'll tJ, 1ne. The
boy got 11p, sc.:a rt·tl l111t. nnliurt. 1 drt'W tny "lh·ndi11 g- garr 11 1·1 1t
close r abo ut int) a11CI pa~se d un.

It

wa;-; a t 1i u~ ~'ititlw r11

t•a c ili e l>1 ·pot.

ca.r of an o ntl i0n11d ~1 il111rl1;111

\\·,. \\t ·r·· r. ltti11 g

lr;.1i11. l1u 1l.;i11!.!: t 11il

iii

;1

. ~r tlw \\i11d <1\\ ,

·w aiting fur 1li1:! t.r:1i11's d1 1 11:1rt11rn. A .\·(,ll11g f,·llu\\' , \\ LP ~ • · 1 \:·;· :--, ...
~ proclaimed liim a" du de,"' ca Ill e :<:u u1 Ler i11g d u wn ti"' d"l "' t p'.at ?';<_

form, wa tchiug the l'""]'fr " ·li11 " " "" d"~ce n d 111 g lro111 :t I r:u'.'. tli:d
had just :lrriw• cl. Thr«P gi 1-I.' , lalhi11g and la11.c;l1111 ;.: 111•"1T i:,'" 1...
,\ , ] ,.. \ ''""'"" 1•.\" ]..gP t.h1=- r , Sfl l' JlJ1'( 1 tn a l •:-> Pr I 1 l 11. :-\ a I t 1·11 I 1011.
turnecl hi s !l!';td to watch tlictn , \\"l wn ],,. """ "11dd 1"1 1 l.1 1 · 1 " 11 .~ i ,t
~· n fl, ~tancl~till 11 \· ('Cl !'/\it1 g i11hl ('<'lli :..;itHI \\' i l \ 1 J IJW 11f !l1" J•i\J;i r-. ( ,J.
]·, Ill~·! I 1·1· U1'ti Ii"' ...- . i ,.;,· ,"1 11,1 11, .. II .
the Ul'<': l l'1(' . i\ -par t.11_'!1 I ; 1r I .\' 111"1 ...
! ,\
who 11 rnv or 111 as not !1:1\"L: sc:c: 11 hi1u, 111:td1· lii111 1111 ., Ji J1.,1h-. 11"
gla;iced. up at ~u r car. \\"1· at h·:cst had ~··•·11 i1i111 , :111 11 t li • "·r:.·,:~
of ~ 1 ni1irq; far1)s tli;tt. fill1·1l 11 11' wi11dow:-' lr11111 1 1 lH' 1 ·11d 1
0 0

J

'.'
.

~

1 11

·~.

'

,;-~--

T;--"

'

... ·~.

,·

'

:20
E~ll:J·'.LLl:-illl·'.Jl

to thf' otlir•r 11 ., -.
,
.1.... no '-' <'0I11f.)rtin•.1·.. ll ect. i110· tin t tl ·. ·
.-..
b

.

•

JI - J

.
llllTJPd awa.1·.

"

llS lS an llHs_y11111afJu•fic WnrJil.

H ere :igain tl1e llTi Ln l1ns told
uart \ ' ('I'.)- si·i.1 I
·1
liis "'-••n· fort !1" n11•st
· ·
· ' l' .\' ant 11aturallr
H 11 ( 1·r _
.
sen·e e;ird1iih LI . . , · .
·· :
'
.) "'1 11 ill ()(i..
.• , .
,
J'
ic1 e J" s11m!'fli111.:..:· IH·1·1~ II I l
lli .'il-1 Lc11 no t s1 1 lllll('li f .
ia - 1:1.'i 1Jue11
..
<JI :ll'l'ill';tlc n·· 1I', . ,
,
dfl•l't
Ti It ~ ,. 1.I 111:1x IS
llLd1<>11
"-" lur
. l1t·i ,,·i i( . . ) . 1 L-'•
, , ,_
J
'
.
111 <
Jittl
· J at tl1e_ e nd . I ·t,.., Lil('
•
, · e,• ,\11(
f'
. '"""rt:d 111 :;·t '·1
1
1
1t ' 1 1is spt.T1 11at.ion
contrib11t .,., t . _ _ ' · il '' .-."1"1L11
'
(. o .i. n1ore "r··il·<·/· 11 1 « 1ose
']' J
1·1·1· may l.1e c·11mpare(l lo 'I , 1·n·
·_. . ie < i (~ rence
- ' ie ( i
<'l'e ·e I 1r 01 l
l l JY the
.
rotn11eliin<•· of .,
Ill''''
11> 10 1"'"l'<tp 1I
h
"
Jt . , ,
.
as tl1l'se tlrt' 1 . I·
,-,
·
IK Jll sL s 11 d 1 tonehcs
' " 11,1,u :1 j•ill't of tl '
l'fr '
t.hl' hn-n •at, 111·1ss
< f . ··t·
_ ie ' 1 <·J<·lli'e l1etw,·011
' . .
)
\\ j I 111 tf ii 11 l
t I1. L
.
. .
1
ns11:dly n·nc·s J,r 1l
"' . ' " Jiorliu11 of it wl1id 1
- I
" h
'.
"
IC ll<illlU ul litl'l'<ti111·e.
i\ow re1rrit , .
.
\ ·' '""' 1as(, essar tli . 11. . 11· l
lrom tli e sl · l (
.
.,
c " \!lit d evl' lopecl
.
' ,,. \' 011 given in EX('J'l'i se Ir
.
.
as ea:sily arnl skillful I .- .. _
·.
• - 111t.roducrng
.) .1s .> o11 C'an, a Lew of tlre:se touolic.s.
,....,

i

"l

J\ i

J\

<> I>

J•: I,.

l'Jil; l~I·: .

T/J(' nllH·r da1· \\'ill F·· i ..
.
' ,, , 1.. 111

l'it111l1i<· i11 111<· l\'fJ<ids .1 .
~
· \\ If n

I

_'

\\ •·

·111 I 111 If'
'
."' •' , \\'(•re

' '

c111 11 e

:! 1

l'.'\i'llH·:'.\T.

11 , ,

.

.

011t

for

ii

1;i11k ol \\'lti (' li \\'as :t r· 1rt
I
.
I (II .1 s 111all j•t111d Oil tl1e
lI
' ·
I, did 11ot I· 1 1-.
I
iat \\'e wa 11t1 •d :t rid,· .
.
' ' 1 us o11g to d1·cide
1
.rn,
'"
all
l«11r
of
.
I
·
·
11
s I 1ov1·d uff. " 'ill st .. ,, I·
I
.
·' s _i·1•1 1•·d al•nard a 11 d
'I
.
' 111 111· .. l ,uw" ·11 I I" ·
I
'w cr:tll., wl1il1· t lJ1• r •sl [
' " 'J1<•cl1·< I.lie co 11rst, of
'l 'I
' . . u i" ]"d1·d l11 ·r ·di), "J
I
II' J'Olld \\';i s 1'11[/ .,f , • · J · •
. '
1,,
r(>lll t It! Sl.!!1'11.
' ~ '' s .111d 111 ..-/, gr . .
l
11rnre tli:i11 fn11r f1·1· I .i,.,.'
II .
-~ . ''·'·'• a11< was llOll'l1t•rn
l 1·
I.
,.,,, :1.11d ll1<·re 11\'r. I I
ogs or iltlu llll11111d s J•rnlr /'
l
c ' ' ' ' ·111 0,_s-coven,cf
Aft
- .
111111g
a •111·1· llu· K111'1" ..
f tl
\'I' )'uli11 i.;· :iro 11 11 if ·
,
.ire"
· 1e water.
l .J
.
Ill ' 1l e d1'"l''''L ] • ·I. f
'ect< Pd to go for a cr11is ' 1·. I
, >.11 ·' ur ;<01 11<) tinJ1• , Wt!
.• j'
-CU1Jte\'arou 11dt )J1• 1 l
11e
01111.J a pl:l<'l' ,rJir•r(• t .. ·.
. /" 111. At 'H'" '-'"d
'
I
j'
.. I
\\.IS \'t• ry rf 1 fiir-t1Jt
(
- '
accou110 v I.he sl1all.,1ri11 ·s·· [ t l
..
, o nangat« <• 11
_,,,
IC\\" tlt'l''ll Ill
,
. "
,,. great. i111111L1·r ,,f

'l'lii:-; 11\an_· \\('
troub.le '"'e ~t1cct·1 ~ 1i 1·1l
~g-ood

11<Ll1ll'd li1e N{)ftlt\\·1·:-it l'a:..;:-;;1.:...:.1· .

,\f t,·r

111t11·i1

i11 g1·l.li11g 1.l1ri111.t.:; i1 a1Hi \\'1 ,r1· ;..::11ir1.'.~ ; 1l•o1:.~ :11

speed \\'hC'n s111lcl1 •nly

W•'

Hot i-;een hecait:-\l' iL did IH!L

struck a . . . tl•l11:
l't'i1("/1

to

tlw

\\

l1i ·lt
1

.-..:11rt':w1· .

iH;; ·

j•i:.>1

! 1: 1• l

T!I' · ...: 1: d.!

1

· 1i

s hock t.lircw \\'ill (dl. aiid as tiH·n· w1·n· 1101.\· I l1rn· 1d. \h ,, 11 Pl l'' :-: id··
and t.he Jit11:l.ll c i11 .!.:.· w1·it.~:!1L \\a~ r1·11H•n•ti l'r1H11 tl1•· 1•ii1°·r. !i1· · 1: 1:'1
tij\jH'.t[ ;tlld \It' ;ib., l"·: i i:i.
\Ve ,va,dl'd :1:-:.Lurt· \\iti1 ;tll Jii1:--::--ilil1 · ·"'Jt:·1·d l>11t \\1·1·1 · ;1 f r.1id f 11 .:. : •i
hom e in snch il pli~lil. 1''.1rt1111at.-lv 11·1· hail"""" ' n1:d 1·\,.-, \\\1i1·!t
·w ere not ·\vet., :.11ul, 11:t\"i11g· l111ill a fin· a111l :-:.;11 ;in111111l i: !'1ir ."' f' \ 1'r:1\
hours tl.rying uff,

,\.U

svt 1>1tt i'1ff

l1(1J11e

\\' lll'n·

\\1~ ;1rri\'(·l1 j1i:·d, i11

time for dinner.

E:'lllll·:LJ.!Sll LI> l:\C'llll·::\T.

\Vl1en W C sp .. k1 : or f:iitl1ft1l a11il <l<'l'lll':lk 11:11'1':1( io11
as d istin g nisl1 c1l t'r11111 a so1111:1rl1;1L orn:11111·11t:d "t.'l" 111'
writing, we <lid 11 .. t. n11:a11 t11 i111l' l.r t l1aL tl1c l:dtn
wa.nders from liclulit.y or a1·('.111·a1._v. Bv 11<> 111t·a11s. ~11 1 · !1
:1, W<tnl11:ri11g \\'<Hilcl, lllHl1·r "1cli11:1ry l'in·11111,.._1:1.111·c •,;, J;,:
quite i11cx1:11sa1>1C'. But. tlll'n: an: :1.h1ay .,; n·r.r 111; 111 y
things ,v]1ic:l1, wl1ill: )H•rf\·c:tly t.nie or 1:xi,...t1·11t. :en· .11·t.
not :Lt all essential to tl11: 1111d\'rsta11<li11g of till' i111·id1 '111.
For cxarnpk, i11 tlw 1·:ts1: of tlt1: first. irll'id1·11t. 1·itt-d l ll'i't',
"li1mosL a Ht111a11-.1y," it. rnay 11avc lJl.:1·11 e1diJ't·ly ll'lic
that tl 1c l1nrsc \1·as lil:ll·k, t11at. t l1c JJ11ggy \\a" 11\:11·, il1:1L
the clnnl-l i11i1 1g \\':t" scarl1:l, tl1:1,t. tl1 c g1·11tli-ma11 11'11"
eaugl1L t11c 11<Jrsc 1rns l:un c. Bnt, \1·l1il1: the i11trodt1r:tioll of th ese fa!'ts \Hllilil ha\'c given ns a 111 11rc accnrntc
picturn of tl1is p;irti c ular i111;ide11t, it. ,1·11i1ltl 11 .. t li:l\·1:
helped our unclcr8tamli11g nf wl1at tn .. k j•Ll<'e, nf tlic
in cident itself. la :su for, tlien, thc:sc fad,; :ire extra-

,_'

EMBELLISHED INCIDE:NT.

icous
<LJJtl unn cccss;tr.)'· Of conrsn \\"C may nsc tl 1c m
[
I we like, for th ey h ave a11 o fTi t'c .. f their o w1
B t
e 1·c n h ere w e 11111s t, draw a clisti11ct·1 11 . ti
'· . ll
•
. ) , . . · .
.
.
.
"
'
It '} <l l'C 11ot
C\l ll ·I 1.) ' w,. II Ld '},.. i \ <ln ma t Ill JL t )[ ll )( · gl'l l t. I(' lliilll .s cl '' l
l l lie 111nensl'd J,v
won<
tl1 .c ];110 11"1 Cl
· Ige
·· , I I ld.L
· ' l IC jH'J'ft> l'lllL(
.
.
"
l l" l
i·_

Sj_1ih: of SOll l t '. l' ) iys 1l«I j ' ] is;11l\·;u1Lwe
\\'
l' l
• . .
,... •
e Co ll<
inno-irn• t) l
1
1
f 1ll ' IO J'S t: s ng-l1 t ll\(11'(: l'l' a<lily 1' f " .c. )·'11 e w tl1 e

lL

Jll

<"' .

l 10 ('.]p;i k-l i11i1w
.. . ( l llS
. IS
. ·t
,_. to he S(' '·1rl t· ! '' 1JC(;,lllSl'
vnlm· <LlHl lll<ll'C c x1:i fi n "'•r tli·t11.
t·
.
.
'
.t. dllH'J' O ll C
\,V c'
'."l.11 t•1·t· 11 n'.JJ(' ein: 11u\\" <•Il l' i11t c n•st. llli.,·l1 t 11e sJj , r] 1fl
lll ercasccl 1 I ll' l ' \\·e n· l <,]d
.Y
1IId. ,v tl I (! 1II ,l..,." ..L_'.•" w,·1"' -.; ''
.
.
lJC(';tUse tl 1e
"' · ·'
lll'\\',
1
.
11 1:1 g 111(111 1" <>f tl1 c iL1111;1 ~·1 ~ \l'tHil <l i11
l
case lit' 1111 '!'\'ast ·•I. J\ 11 L ..
.
. • .
( uif.
.
t" " ·' rn i 'i11a~· 111 c a ll y I i1tl'I '' '"l'
t.l 1.tL. w u 1tld II<' sl'l'n·<l ] ,.Y. t ~·II'ilit,-. w ;. tl 1e h orse was
· l1 l·1c:l·· .,,
.Jt, 1 s s 111" ·I ·
t
l
I
· ',..,
· 1'<·
.
,\ J l<• . o
ie s u pp11s t: <l tl1at bla('k ]i or:;n"
f n cr]i f 'Ii ,
·1
• , ., Lu e
. "' , • · J} m " n ' i ·as1 y tl1a11 tl1os c , ~f a11v u tl c . . l .
i l1at, tl , .. . , . .
"
I 1 LO O J, (JI'
.
l
N t ll j "11 .1 11.·\ in on · il<111 "'rre l'Oll ·:; ,,-]l L'.ll •]
c 1ey t o.
1 ., 1 o ~ve ~ -y lad tl1 e 11 may he i1J trndt1 !.:ecl simpl y
>ecausc
1L .1s a fact. If iL d ot:..
' s n ot, <L'-'sist
. t.o a cle·tre r
l
nm crsbu1<lmg· n[ t.111:) 11 arrali,·c 1.t
·t l
'
tl . · . ·r· ·
.
'
mu:; nwe some
o . ic1 JU::;( I 1ca t1on for it.~ i11se rlio11
Tl .. . ., . .
we fl l ·
·
.
·
us Jll st1h!.:al1011
.. ll H 111 a Y1 t: d, active relatiun liet\\' ee n it <tll ll t.he
rn
.rn1
fads . of ..tl1 e . nal'l":tl iw , \\·] i1· t ·l i cnn
. tn.1>lites to th e
.
, ..
co. oJ r u

VJ \\ e n t

rn leiesL a111l eflt•!'! 1v<'11t·ss
' ' '.,1· t l I( '
('(tllS i dt.'I' f.,_r

;t

ll l\ llll L'l J (,

\\ ·l 10 l I·

a .g·;1i11

tilt',.

(t[}1 (.'l" St: ll• d i O ll ,

T)
. J'('<..,.anl
l \ I It< l.l ' s I >i s t· pmlit
. 11n·." Tl I\.' .111 1·" ' .lllal .1011 111
n
t
ie
)
<lll
l
1g·
ina11
·
"
dn
•ss
·.
·]
11
.
. .
'
' ' IS \\ J I) )' llllll l'L'(; ::iSfl. 1' ) ' . "i ' I
. f .
·
" ' · ' s J,
11ke w1 se . i11t ·ffl'<'l ivl"'· p;
' t• ' •n \l'l· are less re· 1d.}' I(>
,. i

I
··
.. j '
f"
0' " . , , , ' . . Oll i.! \\ ' 1'.J.'-' t' ("(, IJI ,Sjc] C,,»l
loll or \'Xle nt ;ds
c t1,1.)s .1 1.1 < k u l depth 11 1 his 11at111·c ·
Tl . )·
l l
li e re O' i V (>
. J l
" .
l(, ' l l()W C( !..iU
l , b
:n us ie p:; us l o c11joy more unreser ved ly
llll110r of tl1e situa tio 11. ~i\11<l ·s o f 11 11 } . l 1as tlie . , 1·ntcr
. ie
S):
··1·1I
• m1>a ll11ze
, \\l

tl ,

23

a.ppreciated this t1mt li e has even v entured to in corporate in his title t11i:s un esse ntial feature of t h e in cident.
T h e mat.Le r stamls simply t11us: TJ1;LL \\'hic·h is esse nt ial w e mu st ns c ; t,l1:d. whi ch is cffeetive only we may

use; all e lse we ha.1l l1c l.tc r o mit .
Selec t ;\.lluthe r in cid e nt - your <faily life is so full <1f
them that yo u can n e Ye r exhaust s ubjeet.s of tl ii ,.; 1·1:1..-;s
-an<1 write it out wi t li su ch fulln ess of <let.ail a.llll s uel 1
unessen t ial toucl1e:; as yo ur ju(lg111e11L sh;Lll tlicLtle .
The follow in g sdi:cl iuJJ , t;tke n fron1 ][uw 8 Lu ilr1 Cl1111s
Game to 8irnp11o ;i·.~ Bar, liy Bret Harte, sh11ws wlta.t can
be d on e in the way of en 1l1ellislii11 g a narr;llivt· liy ;1
rna,:;ter of tli c lite rary art . H <tHY pn r ii\) 11 :-< " tTlll uJJ11atural or ove rwrou g h t, i t rnnst Le rerne 1nl1t:ri: cl t11 at t\ii ,.;
is 011ly a fra.g mcJJ t of Ll 1e st(lry; Lit e l'"l'liu11 \Yhi clt ['l"l' cedes f ull y prep;1res t he n .: atler for e v erytltin~ that is
given h e re . "Dick " take:; a wil<l ri<lc of fifty miles
the 11igl1t before C11risLrnas tourin g Solll e pre::;c nts to a
sick lioy. His object is to reach the "Old i\Lw's"
cabin before da,wn.
The ston11 11 au cl"arc<l away. t.he a ir wa s l1ri sk a111l cold . t he

outline~ of adj:1 1:1· n t ht1Hl11iarkti were di, t i11 d, J.11!. it wa.,; half l'""L

four bef., r· ~ 1Ji('k reac hed the 111 eet. in g-ho us1:: :u11l Lh l' cr'"" i11 i:; rt f
the cou11Ly roacl. To a \'o id t he ri,;i11µ; g rade ],.. liacl lak• ·11 a ] 1111 .\.'.>'I'
a wl m ore e irc: ui t.o us ro;td , i11 whos•; viscid 111 ud .J ov iL• s:111 k f•·tl""i;
d eep a t l) \'l•ry J,011nd . IL \va s a poor 1m·pa.r<tl io11 fo r :L ~k;" ! .v
a.Rcent of fi ve t11i lL·:4 111on '; l int .JfJv ita, ga tlwr i u ~ l wr \1 '.°.';~ 11 11d1 ·r
h er, took it w it.Ji hl'r 11s u:d lt!i11cl , 1111r<•a.so 11in g f11rY, ;u 1d :1. li :ilf
hour b l.e r r"ac hcd t.li e long ],. ,.,.] t.hat led !.1> l\.aU.J.-sn:d(t· ( '1n ·k .
l u1u thi.;r half luinr wo11ld hri11 .~ li i 1n tn tlw cri·Pk.
l fi • ! hrp w tlw
r eins Ji g ht.ly upo 11 Lile neck of t he 1111Lre, c liirrnped Lo l11 ·r . :111.!
b egan to s in g.
Sudde nly ,Jovita sliie• l \\'i t h ~. l1011nd tlia L ""'11\cl l1 avl' 111 ,,-.·:it• ·· l
a 1c~H pr:Lct isecl r ide r. lt<t11 g i11 g lu he r r e i11 was a ligc 11-., tl1al l1a>l

,1

·-1
.i

·1
\

24

NAJrnATlO.N.

lea.peel from the bank, a.ml at the Ram e tim e from t.lw road
li er a roi<c a ~ haJowy h or8c a ud rid1•r. "T hrow up yo ur hands I"
co n1ma nd ed t.liP ~ P co 11d appar ition. wit.Ii an c1atl 1.
Di c k fel t
111arr1 trcm hlt', q uin·r, and apparentl y ti ink under
l1i 111. II " lrn ew wh at it 111c a11t., and was 1•r(• parl'd.
" ~t'1. 11d a., id r , .la r k :-;impson . I know you, yo <t t. lii..f I
_pa~ s, o r., --

t.J,.,

! le d id n nt Ji11i :<li t h1· sr 11 tt' 11 r('. .Jov ita rose stra ig ht in t.lrn
\\' iLh a t1 •rrifi c l>u u11d , tl1rowi11;; tl11• fig11n• frn111 l1<• r hit with a
si11 gle s li:dtl' o f ii«r 1·ir io11s !it•ad, a11 d charged w ith d1·a<ll y m a levolt'n ee d o wn on t.! 11: i111l'1'< liu 1f• 11 f. l1e f11re l11·r. An o:d.h, a l'i stol-s hot,
l1orse a 11d l1ig l1 w:iyn1:111 roll1·d o v1•r i11 t Jin rond. a m! th e next
111 o n11•11L .Jn l'ila was :t l11rn1lrrd yanls :l 11" :1.y . But th11 good right
a r1 n or lw r ri d l' r, s l1 :1l lr n •d l1y a l»illl' t. dr11p1•·d }l('lplessly at his
s i1k
\\"i tlH>11 t :·d: ,,· k i11 g l1i s SJ l('l'd Ji, . sl1irkd fl,.. rPi11 s Lo lois ldt h:i.nd.
But :t f, ." . 11111111<'1.t s l:it1 ·r Ji,. 11·:i s ,, J.J ii;,..J t" !. all. :111d ti g h kn t he
sad d l»-g"ir t lis I.hat h: 11 l sl i}'l ''''l i11 tho' u 11 s..t.. This i11 hi ~ 1:ri}'J•l cd
co ndi ti o n took "0 1111• tim r . Ile liad,110 fc:i.r of p11rs11it., hut, looking
up, lil: ,,;rn· ll1 at. tlll' t' ast.••rn l"hr8 \1"1:rP :iln•arl y palin g . :tn<l that the
rl isf'.a 11f, p• ·ak s h a1[ l<,, t. t he ir g liostly \l'hi ll»ll'SS, :i.11 d 11<1 w ;;f.nn,] (•Ut
1.J :i r.kly ag :ci11 HL a li gld1· r Hky. Ihy was 11po11 hin1. 'fl w11 eompl" L<"ly ahsu rhnd i11 a s i11 g·J.. id r:1. lH : fo q.,:u t f.!1,. pa i11 o( his wound,
a.11d , 111 u1111t i11g :>gai 11, das l1<'d o n t.o wa. nl ~ Ha t.tli-,rn:ikc Cn •e k. R ut
11nw J u1·i ta"s l1 n ·al li l'alll e lJ1·oh n l•y g a HpR, J>ick reeled i11 Lite
8:1.ddl(' , a11d hr i:.;l1l"r a.11d liri g li t (' r g re w t.h e sky.
Hillt\ Hid 1; 1n l ; ru 11 , .J p ,·it :1.; lin ,r~ r r, ( ) 1L 1.y :
F o r f.l w b st f,.". ro d .-< t.l1l' r<! was :c r<•ari11 g i11 l1 is .. ars. \\' a .o; it.
1·xlia.11 s Lio 11 fro 111 a. l<>ss of l>i1Jod, or whaL'I Ile was dazN] a11rl
;,; id dy a>< li e: s11·1 ·}' t. d ow n the l1iil, a.11< 1 Ji d 11 uL n.:cugui ze his "",._
'"'1111<lin g:;. 1lad lie LLk t• 11 I.h e wnrng road , or was this H:Ll.ll PR n ak e

INCLDE:\T

FB(J~I

i'\C H Ol)L LIFJ·: .

by som e fan tastic mental proce''• the li t tle room at ~in 1] 1 f'on ' s H:i.r
and the fignrl's ,,r the slet>ping f:tLl1 Pr a. nd Ho n rosP. 11 po n 111 111. [J,,
open ed his eyPs wildl y, cast o il his coat., p1st.u l, l.1t1ot :<, and sad .lit' ,
bound ]ii ~ pn ·e i"" ' pack t ·1g·I 1t. J.Y to l.11 s s l 1uu I' I <·1 ·s,· )..·T"· ·'l"'d t lw 11 ·11•·
·
flan k s of .Jov it:L wiLli !ii ;; lia.n· d k11 e1·s, a n d w it h a sl1nut. d;i.sh'."!
into th e yell o w 11·:ikr. A cry """e frn111 t.hl' "l'l"" "if1• l1 ;111k a:< I 111'
· 11eac..l of :i man an.l horse s lrn ggh·tl fur a few 1110 11l <'l lt s ag·:1111:' l tlw
battlin g currP nt .. arnl tlwn wern sw1· 1•.t n,1yay :11 111<, l"
'" \l}>l'llP l>'d t.)'t '('S
·
and wh irlin g driff\n)(>d.
'The ()ld 1\I a.11 :-: tartc:d and woki·. 'l'l w fin • nn llw li ·:trlh was
dead , the cand1 1· in tlw c111kr n1<1 111 fli ck Pring in its s.w k..t. and
ebodv was rai•i•ii'ig at. tit>',],,., ,., li t! n1•1·11 t·d 1t , 1>11\. l<·ll l o:ir k
80 111
with a cJ ry J,ef r., t.h l! d ri }'}'i11 g , li:ilf.-11:11t •'• l t1. g 11n· t'11:1 I· "' '" '"'"I
1

0

aga i11 ~ t th<:

douq•o:' t · · · ·
"Tell iii 111 ,• · said Jli .. k, wi1l 1 a " ""k lilf.k l:u 1gh, -

,
'· l ·ll lti111
0

Sanrly C.,'1,!IS ha.s c11111t'."
"
A.nd c ve 11 sn, l wd ragg- lcd , ra:-:·gl' d, 111 1:·d 1a\'1 · 11 a. 1Hl 11 11.... \1 1r1 1, \ \ JLl 1
one :ir 111 It: 111 ging lt(·l ph'""ly at. l1i :; s i.J,., :-;a11L1 ('!:in:; ca1111:. to
Simpso n 's Har, a1 1d f,. lJ 1':1i11 t i11g 0 11 t.lu• fi r:;t t l1 r·· ~ l 1,, J d .
J J,. .
Chr i stnia~ da wn (' ;\ ) Il l ' :-:-1 ~.wly a!"t1 · 1-. l1111 c l1i11 £!," tlw n·111n l ··r j•" :il.;:-:
.. with the n.>".Y wa.rn 1Lh of i11 PITal•l•· low . 1\ 11d il luok"d '" t"·nderly 0 11 Sii 11 p sn 11 ·, Il:Lr Ll1a t. L},,. \\·!11.J t· 11 1uu 11la111 , as Ii <"a» .:.;l 1L 11 1
1

a genero11 ~ a ct.io n , i1l11sli ed Lo Ll\(' skj,., ,

I NC ! DE:-J T .Fl\.O?ll SCI IOUL LJ FL .

Cn···k '/
ft \\':1 ,Q. Jl 11i. \ Ji<' lor;i\\'} i 11 .~ '. l'l'\'i' k iJ p Ji:1 .J S\\'1 \111 :1 f,.\\' !t<'ilrc< ],. ..
Jore had ri sf'n. 111orP. th;iu drnil>l •· <l its \'Ol 11 11w, and ni"1 \\' rnllf'ol ;1
s wi ft. a1 1<l re:< i., t lr ."s ril'Pr h Pf." ·1·('11 hi1n an d Hatf.l PHna.k e llill. For
tl H· first l i111t' t hat. 11i ,t,: h L li ic lia rd',.; hea rt ,q nk \l' itli in l1i111. The
riw•r, I.h e mo1111tain , tl1<•. q11i ckr>11in g- (':t;; I", swa.111 h e forn Iii" eyf's.
lfo shut t h., 111 tn l'l'<'O l'<: r l1is s••lf-l'o 11trol. fn tha t. hri t> f i11t.•n a l.

/\ Seli no1 r nn 111 E11i:-:nil 1'.

:\,,,.,.J J;, ..,11lt ,, f

.A L eHRo n in ( \ rnrksy.
" Ch oo:; i11 g l ;p: '
The i\'"i n l.h .ill11i11 g .
Tlit> J'at.ro11 of t lie \\"n s l P- llask i·t.

111,, . . 1"' 1' '""'"" l.'1q 0i I.
'fwn E 1Hl:' ft) a. ~ l ri11.~ .
1\li1111i•·'s Fn·"k.
A l\luu:-:.1:!':-;

:111

1l id Tr i,.!.. .

i"\ 11r pri ~t · .

''

2(i

l'.'CI IHS'.'T Fl {U ~1 SC ll UOL LI FE.

~AI :l: ATI O'.' .

Herc we have isi mpl y 11 a 1To \\'Ct1 the 1·l111iee of :rnhjcct:i;
Lo a fi eld wit.Ji w lrich you arc all equall y wd l act1ua.i11 ted.
f t will be 11oti t:c(l tlra.t tlr(· lirs t s ulij1:cL g i veil is a rat.lier
ge 11 e ml one, on ly som e \\'l1 aL 11 a rrowe r tlia11 Ll 1i; s11hjcct
wliit:l 1 sLaJHl'l ;t(. tlH· l1 cad 11f tl11"l'XC l't' isc. flut C\'l'll if
yo n draw 1q 1011 n1·1·111Tl'11 c·t•s wi t lri11 tir e scl10<1l-roo 111 fm
yo ur i11 ('idl·11L i L \\'ill hi' Wl'll to d1·visc 1'11r iL a mu re
pa.rLicuhr titk.
Tire q11 1·sti"1 1 111a.r l1l' askt•d , \Vl1 y sl'i1'l't. :t titl1 : l 1d11rc
wri t.i11g, 11r \\'l 1.r Sl'it.:d 01 1e at all'( 1L is trn e lirief
articl es a.rl' so 11 1dirnes 111·i11 t1:d i11 J1(:wspap1 ·rs arnl L' lscwhl'I'c w itll<mt tith-s . It is also trn c tl1a t tlr " titl1: nf
rna.ny a. l1011k lias n ot l1ec1 1 Jix1·d 111 1t111 1111til after tlw
hook \\"a,s wri ttl' 11. Bu t lire p ri11 t·i pie lu 1lds n o n e Ure
less golJ(l, !':ielel'L yo 11r title fo'l't. No 111a11 ca11 write eo]l('rently :tIHl cfTl·din·ly \\·it.bou t l1a.\'i11g in his m i nd a
Llefinite illea of wl 1a t he is wri t in g :d1out. Allll si n ce
language is tir e 11l'st. 111cam; for n ystal lizi11 rr our id eas,
l'or 1·emle ri 11g tlr crn ('lcar a11d d c li11i! L', tl1 : so<Jll l' r w e
p uL the suhjeet of our tlronghL in to s1H11e formula of
wonls, Ll 1c lwt(t'I'. Tl1 is l1t>lds l'Sjl\'l' ially Lrn e i11 t he
mnre ahslr:teL ll 1L'llll'S \1·l1i .. !1 we s l1all ta ke 11p Ltll' r, for
in t h e m tlH~ li 'J11 p t:dio1 1 to wa11d{' r frn111 lir e 111ai11 . lin e
of thn ugl 1L is J 1t·1· 1ili:1rlr ~r\':tL 1\11 (, ev1:11 i11 (Jn, wri t irw
o[ :m ord irwry i11l'itk1;l,· tl1 u sL·lcd io n of :t t it le liefor~~
l1:u1d, aml tl1e l'11d i;a vor to kl'l'f' tl1 aL Litle d earl y i11
mintl tl1ro11gl101it, \\·ill g i\' u :t d in.:e t ncss a1ul 1111i ty to
the compos il io 11 Lktt i;o11l1l 11ot oth e rwise 11u ohtai 11 etl.
It will occas i1111 :1lly lie fou 11 1l m1ecssar.Y in t li e eou rsc of
w ri t in g, to i11trud11ec ce rtain thi11gs tl 1at we re 111> L co11l1• 111 plalc<l a t firs(,, or to \'xkrnl or :d1ritlg1..: t.li c tn:aL111 c 11 t
oJ a sulijccL in aceorda11ei; \\'ill1 the r eq uircmc nti; of

time a.ml space, :tnLl tl1is may n ecc;;s iLtll' a 111ndificati .. 11
of the Litle . B u t suc h Ll 1in g-s sh oultl 111: fureSL'l'll a....; far
as possil>le i11 alh:u1cc, for if t.l1ey are no t tl1 ey 111 \ ':tl'l.n.bly e ntail e xtra hl1or, nr else work s1·ri(l11sly lo tli1·
c.let.rirncnL of tl 1c i;nmp ns it.iu11 a.s a \1·hnle .
V cry oflt'll tl1 e re rna.y l1u sl'Vl'r:tl a\'ailal1l1 · Lit; .. .,.
almost 01' q11it.1 · lltjll :illy s1 1ital1k. J.: xa..t1 11·:-:s ,;)Jflliid i11
genera.l l1c t h e ll:ading L'< 111 :-: id .. rnLio11 in d1 .. ·idi 11 .c; li\'t\rn·11
them , al tl 1"11g l1 :tt. li111t·s altr:td iv e11l ·ss 111:1 y 11" :11l11\\'t ' d
to ou t we ig-11 Ll1i:-:.
For the p resent work sel l'eL a11 y tl1in g Lli:i L lr:ts l1:Lj1"
pen ed to vary tl1l' (ll'tli1 1:11} n111t.i11 e (Ir s1 :l1n"l. d11l·i''"'.a1 J1l
µr ocei;d :~s i11 t.lil' la,.;l l' Xt' rc isl'. T he follmn11g rs g1Y1·11

0

as rm ex ample :
JACK ' :-; I C'.\O ~ll'.'IY .

"J3el'll at it again,

el1 ,"

tlilHt~lit.. ~lr. Ha l~·~ .

ln11ki11).!

11p

n\·

1

·r l1i...:

T lll' liLLli· dirl\' . 1"' ''"'"] ti •":-> 111'<' uf ,fa,.); l'a11"' ,;lo1wh·
in to tlie utlict', Ll 1l' gr•·:tL \\'ltil •·:< uf Iii :< " Y"" rulli11g i11 111:1rk "d l·n11trast to Iii:< i1 1t<'ll>'l'ly \, ]al'k fa.cl', so \,Jack in1k"d tha t. it "'''" Yo1i.\
of the n·li..f o( :<had<1\\'s a11 d coul<l ••a,;i\ y l1:L\'t' J,,.,.11 111i,1:ik1·11 f,.r
the ~ 11 r fatl' uf a grr·aL l11dia n i1 11.1·r h:tll. ![1· t':111w 1.,,!d.i11g :i\ .. 11,~
the \\'all , pit;ki11g tlw 1•a l1 i'ls '.l'itl 1his ti11g1· r-11 ail. and :ti Ill\' 1 °l:i11ti11~
of ea.ch 1'0 1t l. gl:wct:•I sly!,\' :111d i11'11 1iri11 gl,v at. :-11" !\:ii " "· "\\' l1aL

.
ct·i t·I"'' .
8 1Jt: '-

!

•

.

:-.,.,

have ynu hv1·n 1lu i11g- tH1W'! .. s;1 id ~Ir. H ati·~, sf1·n1l,\". .l;11· k w;1-;
ver y cu 11 fid,. 1tt th at hi s '"111duct. h:ul l•<'•'ll r"J"i!:dol .. :111d l"""""'.J,.,J.
in lii :-i O \\"ll t•x:ci tet.l di ali •cf., to d 1·111n11 :·d rat1• l1i:-1 i11 not•1 •1 w1· : l11d as
this \\·a s a daily uc1·11rr1•11ct· ~Ir. H at.-,; 111 .. kr.,l\l<1• l \\1·11 !1.. w In

weigh .lack·, wonk
1\.fr. Bale~ had arri \'1'11 at ti "' '" " ll'l!tsiun t ha t it. ""·' li"\ '"1 1"'"
further lo atl ,·111\'t lu al'l1t1::<e .) al'k 11.\' ll"" ,,f n 1lt- r ur "i'l'"al" tu hi '
co 11 8cic11ce. l! t· \\'u!tld ""i"'ri11 1l'llL 011 utlier tlll·uri'"" · :\o\\' ,l:u· k
hat.la \Vt'akt i l':-i~. 11•' 4•s L1·1· 11i t'< l Iii :-: 111u ;-;c 11 la r }'<1\\ 1·r s ,·,·ry l1i.i.::lily,
a, 1 wn nld l1azanl a11yth i11g tn pru1·c• (p th" J,"Y" Iii ,; al.i \ity (,,
111
acCO]ll J' li sh all y fr:.tt gi,·c u. Tu liiH 111i11d, failure; i1 1 an ;,t.l 1·11q•L

• 'lc

"~ ,~--~~~~t

NAl{IU\Trus.

CUJ\11' 1.I•:X INCIDENT.

di~~Taf'f' .

J1a·ant

~\l1. 1:a t1·~ t li.111 .. /!f

uf hi 's l"·id.L. 11 <) Il 'f I ' I 'id
w l1<'n· · /l tJ
) '/ /
' '
•

.

• : ' · _11 , 111 1...; \\" j1.\
l!J frtild ). .
•. \'

a le vc·1

.

Baf.,._, ,

i\1r.

f/

" "' <'O l'l iL I ul [J.,. •11a i 11 hail
:111d 011(..
"
I
f
•·' ""'' i11 tli:tt. C'OJ'lr•· r.
• ad' ., / u·1·,.d . .. )f . · /
I
. •
'
t '
.._
1 IJ I 4 ' r I_', !'
J'; t i."'W
(1 l !11 s l ra f i1111· 1,,, r·1i s i11,.· 1 · .

sai1l i\!r. ll,·il t·.< .
\ ' 1 l(I r ' l J''f ' ;-l ( l f ; I •
'

r.t1 f f

I(' l' II ' '" ' II ]'il S.<('l / i11

.L

Sil'!"

,

t J · k'
".t · ' .tc• " 111nmi s Lr•

fo r o1n :o

-,

\\'it )'

, . .

I 'll

I

\\';tlki11 ..· ""'

.-.

.-.

' -

.-.

'

.I (

'

1

.

,.., .. ·

.1 11 d 1J;, .,.,.

II

''

:tlld s f11 q d ,- 4 .,,·; 1 ,-iJ ; 11 ,,. I · ·J .

,,

f rl l

' ·

.-.

ll."i 1 •\\ 11

.

I ' "'' .,,

:1ri11s 111 1

.
..
.
l o k .11 .. , ·""d
'" " " '' ,.,. ,,f f/,, . In// 11/ 11 . · ·
f

.\

II

l•· 111· :-. !11; 1 1 ~1· ./

'

l'Pl."'l·/y.

,f ;11 ·J;, '.-;

4' \-1' :">

:--: 111 1!."'i
.

11 /1

lri•

\ H'\L

_

~":""-

,\11!;./1•1·/ .. . -

-~,,,...-- _ ,

-,:;:-,.,..·- --

I :\Cl JJJ::\T

CO.\ll'Ll:X

_,_

~z~-;,_

. ' . '

lii ..; f<11·1 · . t . . .
.·
. . ''' '' i11d. I/ii · •irrly
.1 - 11 11.. . 11•· 1 Jj11 l ; •t n,,, ,if 111 .. ·/ . I
I
l/11q1 .. /d
i f I/ .
. . .
. -ti .\ •·r ·f i 1' :11111·
.-.
1. 1 I, \\ ,,,...
111 ~ I Il l /JI ·l
I )
.
11 1111 d :-'O l ll! lt'/1.
B11t J. . 111 . '
'
.. . 11111 · 11 ' II' d1.J11 "t
i1.-.
.1 111 wr :-it ""' c l 1· 111 ,,.1· ( I · J • .
a l11u1··· ~,. 1·iuus vii·\\'
f II
. .... , tt :-;1·1.: 111 t•d to tak e
.
,,
11 · pn1."'J "'l· t
lli . f
l
lu-·ad \\':t s /' l't•:-::-:1·d l 1;1 l'd J,. ·/- . .... .
- •
,.,
.t c 1· t n·w dlJwn , l1i s
1
1
1
" ' · .111 rs t lil1·11" il/. 11·
lllt' IH 't •d tlJ :-: i11k slo \\' h · I
I.
·~ I
I
'
.i111
ll S .:tl"l11s t.:1111 1.
"
i1 :; :-: 11 , .,
•11 t "" l .
I
i\fr. n,.i .. s 111· l•rn 11"·lri. 11 ,.
I . ,· . .
. "''"!; r·t·j •n· H' 111lt·d l,y
,-,
I Ill
I J <l I' \ i·I : t g·; IJ/l,
:'\ ! r. lht«s 11111/; .. d ·ti lii s 11 . 1 ·I .
·
. , .
.1 \ r . llJH\ -- f \\o , --- f l1n•e l11i1111t,·."
1•:1...;:-:t·c I' II h' .~·411 1g sf 1·r1 1·k . I 111· cl11111 ·:-:
'"
11 1
/,, .. .·arr 1,, Ii i.
1
r I
"' ·. "I"
'" • arrd l.111 · l'liildr«ii
:""'>
'
; t i·\ g ·;1 \"t' 11111· I
I
,
lll l 'J' i l 'f
g bf1 1.. '!' at, I /Jt• C11J111'11 •'
I
('l J ll/1111 ~, ( J11 •11 .~Ti f l 1 · d 11i.i f1 •1 •l lJ.
11,. r1111 sf, l1 u ld l1i;· !1 •·11111<" ~·t t•;u
. 1y"
now.
w L1f 1•

-

111111

....,

1: i ~ l 1 I
T lit ·

;!

1•

I j I l 1 l 1t '

I : :l I ' l i 1 :..; •

.\ \r k \\':1rd

1

~ qi1;1 d" 1H1

1

J ; l 1· :1 il1•.

Tl11 • Tri/'l•· l'hy Tli:d. " ""'till' 1;:1111.,.
A Cu111/'licaihl Affair.

i

(Iii

"l\1·f'jJ

.

tl11·111 llf•

•

! .. f r u 111 :\ Ir. H:tl 1•<

H· ·ad,, or ]" ' l's]'ira l.iu 11 s l uud o rtl. ''" ·.l·t1·/" e 1· I ' I
.
s 11 tc •· 1.. ·t I Ill ' " ft'llt'W t ·d ~ Ir
I
t
. ' · '" · ",. 11''1,J
' · ··111 ' l a I t·a•· /1
l""t
•
11 ,:.,rg- f ' o )·a1....; 1· l1is Hl'ln s J1i . .
lieca111 c 11run• ""'"i1:a.I. l I
.. 11, ) . .
·
' ·IJ '/"'ara111·1·
(' ' "
" ' 1•h 1·111"tf1 .
. .~· Lu
s 11ppn·:-;.-; tl11·ir l:t11 1rJ!f v r · 11 1 I I . I
.
'.. ' ..., i· 11t l t 'i l\' 01'111
,..,
' •
I
I I. I I f ' fll il • fJ11;il
•ff t
.
arrr1~, lr11 L f/,,. r l'i·ll 1,, I . . . ·I
' "' lo sf1·ady l11s
1

()111·

('<Jiiii'.

·.

I

J J

11 ,H

.
1111 .! ..!''

"·' "' ''" p·11"d1·z1«
• ' . ' l•

a11d 111·

\\ '; 1.-.:

:t \\' ;r \' anoss '''" r ·I I
I //1 ' f lf':d .-.:
',
It ! •
1./;i •y 111 ,!{ -fairrkr •.111 t I f.d ·I IJ 1t '/ . I II I

if

I

JI

j,...;

]"" '\'1•d ,-.: 11vc·t·:-:s ful.

'l' l 1al, 1'\'\• 11i 11 g .1:1t·I.;
l •lit 11·1·11L alru11I. "'"""· \\' ; 1....; l l1tI . 1f.
.

t11 g, ,,

slt•ud

'

l•ool

S i ' t'll

IH H' 1 11.i..:·

'1•1 11

o ru · ... . I . ·i
•

,i.-,

111

\\ii

t11tf,

/a111 " fif1•1"
1•;1

11 ·IS

tl 1r11 1111·l

-~
r.

'f'J

1·

( 1...;gTact•

IJ

.

l1ad

.~ I I " 111 .. •s. 1111,/
f'.1 111 t)
1" el1rldr«11
"
•
11· t' X J•t"'l'l11u.·1it. l1ad

11 l1i s a1·1·11 ~du11wd ,·1·.··.·1·• · 1· . ,f, ...
.,..
k11uwi p·/.
I
. ., '

l1i 11 1:-:1·/f

11 - :-; ·~p1wd :11 1•ael1 -.

11 ,- . .) , a 111

. • ·•
ii""

11111tf,t·r-

\\'il/1 Iris"""/.' ('/"~"" (,,,..,. 11 , . .
con
nt, Cunt•· r arrd
,-.. ''' .111d anus i·xl1·111l1"L
('_ \\'. 11.

So long :-i,;; we confi11e 1111r,.;l'l vc,; t o r .... .,u11 t i11.'-'· tlll'
actions u£ on e per.,;o n, \\' e lllet' t with fie\\' dil'li1·1iit i""·
F or onli11aril y :t p('r,;0 11 doe" but 011<' tl1i11 g :1L a t i1 1ll' ,
an~l Lo give a l':tithf1tl a<'.1:nu11t of lri,; actio11" \\'c l1:t\ 1~
only Lo rehLe t.l1e111 i11 tl1 e onl1; r of tltL'il' dui1 1 .~ . 111 1r
chief di,.,:1d\'a11tagT linL' lyi11g in tl11' fad tl1:1L "" <·a1 1111• (
always n :Ltte ev e11b 111 :t,; rapid "lt(TL·s,;i1>11 as t lH·y
occur. But our dl·ed" ,;eldo111 stand :1!11111•. ]\,rl1:1p,.;
the great majority 11f 1111r act,...; <krive tl1eir i1il(·J'L'=' t and
their significa1 1ee no t 11 1erely fr11111 tlll'il' rvl:t l io11 t11
wl'rnt h:ts preceded :wd to ll'liat, sl1a.ll foll11w. l111L :d"o
from Llieir nda t io11 to so111ct11i11g t.:J,.;,;, wll('tlll'r di,.;t;u1t
or dose at. lia11<l, llmL i,.; goi ng on ol 1/11· -'l/lf/1 ' t/1n r· .
Humn.11 life is :1 11·on<lerf11liy. eVL·l r 1l'rrilrly, i11tri1·:1fr
and cnn 1pl<:x aff:tir. So l1t >I'<' 1lri : writ... r i,.; 11w L at. l>111T
by all i11,.;11peral1le diflic1ilty. I low :·di:d l lu· l':trry :tl1111g
together th ese tliver::;c occu 1Te11ces '( \Vl1ilL, uiw 111:u1
runs up th e ra.ilroatl traek signaling wi1Jly a11d :uwtl1l'!'
works desperately to elo,.;e the 1.Jwken switel1, tlit• train
comes tlrnrnlming down Ll1e grade w i Ll 1 i L-; e11gi11(,1•r
vainly endeavoring to operate the air-lJrake a11d its

30

Xi\lUtATlUN .

CO:\ll'LEX: l NC ll>E:-\T, 1n:v rnED .

:n

passenge rs readin g and ta lk i11 g unc011 ce rn cdly in:-; ide.
Here are half a doze n slrand ;; tw i:-;tt-d into a 1<i11gle
string . Hut won],.; arc 1wt, stl'an11" a 11d (';LJ1110t h .!
twi;;t(!\l into st ring,.;; t.l 1Py an· 11 1< >n.: like li 11k:-;, a1 1d <':t ll
o nly l!l.: adrkcl, mw at a tiuw, and one aftt·r :1notl 1,,r, (,,
form a eontin11 ou s dmi11 . Yrn 1 si.:e tlie d illi,·1ilLy . \\'e
blk aho11t tl 11! tltrr111l 11 f a 11:1rra.t i\·1-, a11d tl 1t' tig111't: is
lietlcr tl1;tll \\'C l\11ow. l·'t1r, likt : 1110,.;t ot.l1t·r 1l11·eads, it
u,.;ually c011:-;ists nf sr..:v1:ral s t r<t11ds . P.1 1t it is :-;illlply
iml'w;,.;j],]e fo r tl 1e ll'rit!' r -- 11H : f:tl1ri c:ator witl1 words to <..::t rry tl1l· 111 along t<•gvtlw r. 11 is 111att·ri:d forbids
i l1 at. 1 fc can only take up 01 11.: .'it ran cl :1L :t t i11 1(', carry
i t as far as lie dt·1.: 111s 11·ise, a111l tlil'11 lea ve it l1a11ging
there wltile li e gnc.-; hwk aft<·1· :1110Ll 1e r. That i.'i, li e
can r111 ly show 11s first a portion 11f tliis stra nd :1.1 1d tli.1·n
a porLion of Ll 1at, :tn d tell us that; tl 1ey 0 11 g l1 t tn lie \1·ovt· 11
togeth er, learing it tn 011r i111a.g in ation tu 1.::1ny out tl1 e
process . Tl1 e l'C.'-' ul t at l>est will IJe irnpe rfct:t.
B11t
tliat sl1n11ld 11ot d iscnu ragn; it, slwnld 011ly s timulate t"
gl'e:tte r <·ffort.
\\'l 1l're tl1<Te an'. ll" prol1l 1·rns, 110
diffi c ulti l's, tll(' r(' is no i11c·<·11li\·1· (" ll'<Hl . If 011" n1 :u1
\\' l'J"C Lo aLLai11 pt· rfL'('f i1m, 111> 111:111 tl1<'J't•;1flt•r cu 11ld l1ope
to 0 11 Ldo him.

~ - ·-.

Hel:tte an i111.: ide 11 L from lift. i11 \\'l1icl1 llH·re \\' e l '(: tw o
or 1111>rc J•ro111i11 c1 1t ado rs. !war in g i11 mind tl1 e difli c ulties p()in((:d 011(. alH>H' a.11([ m·"r"111n i11g t. l1 cm as hest you
ca11. NuLil'e i11 tlil" f1 dlo\\'i11 g 111utlel Ll1c i1J gc 11ious i11terwea ,·i11 g of tli e ad ion,; of tl1ree J•erno ns.
\ Vit.Ji (!Jat f fr i1•d tu f'""'" 111.\ J,i11K1 11:11 1 lu11·ard 1Ji,. lda,.k: l.111.
lie f1• lit' d Jilt' f.t1 tl1<· g r.111111!. l111r..; I. frrn11 11 1y ,:_:T:t']', lt·:ll·i11;; tl1 L"
sl"rnld e r of Iii,, jack..t. a11il f!,.,1 "I' th .. l1ill s id1· tow a rd tli c !" )' of

Aros like a deer.

f stag-gered to 1ny feet a;;aiu, bruised a11J su1 11e-

.

EXEIWISE VIL
.~·

l '(J\ ll 'Ll :X l\Tl!Jl:\T.

l\l-:\ l.'-'l:lJ.

\VP u,.;ed a 11 i11 nstrat ·1011 ll1
· tlit" l:tst l'Xt'ITi,;1• a 11d tiw

seli tl'nce ra n

t l Iu:; :

,, \\·1 t1·1c one man nms up tl1..: rail-

..

,.-:_!. •. II

'',~

32

1'iAlUU.TlO~l .

road 1mck sig nalin g " ·ildly and another works de$-.
l'enitely to close tlt e hrnk1· n s\1·ite h, tlte train com es~
t.l 111mkri11 g clnwn ll1 e ,l;Tucl e with it.s e 11 g in ee r vainly'
e nd c;Lv11ri11 .~· lo OJH: l';dv tl1t• air-l>rakl' , a11d its l'a.ssengc1~
reading aml t.alki11g u111·1)JH:f· rn1·cll y i11sid e." 1fen.: is
an .-Ltcmpt to im.:sl'nL f'n11r n1· lin· si1111t!L111 eo11s acli ons.
As <L m<Llter of f;wL t lll'r an~ 11r\'s1·11tecl , ll()L l1wether
.
h
'
but in sUCC' l'ssio n - - the n11ly 11·;1y ]"''"' il1ll; 11·itl1 words.
Bnt till'} are g il't;11 ra i•itlly , tllt'y ;ire 1·r111rded i11Lo one
se11 te 11 ee, :u11l tl 1e l't:r,r first 1nml .,r tl1 ;1t sL·11t1·111· e ll'arns
tl1 e r e;til e r tl1:Lt t lie ae tio1t is CP111pl1·x a 11d tha t li e .111ust
JtoJ1J tl1c Sll C et'ss iYt~ port.irn 1s of tJw pi\"l ttrt' i11 111ind
1111 til tl 11~ 11·l1llle is L't1l11plt'led. Tl1is is 011 e d1·1·ic·e - a
<·0 11 vt·11t i<J11al 11 :11· of 01·1·n·o11 1i11g tl 1l' dill iL·1il Ly .
ll:tl'l'alion of this ki11cl 11·L' an· eompe ll l' d lu US \' a g n.: at
lll<Lll,}' slu:li wor1ls and pl1rases as th ese: 11' 11111', ?il N m1c liil c, in tlie ·111c1111ti1111•. J11.~t tl1P11, ,,/11111//11111·1,,1.,/!f, 11 11111111c1tf.
l11:fore, e t c. Parti c ipks :ilsn m: ty ofh-n lit' ns1·d ln adv a ntage, lm t yon w ill JJt 'l'd to ha11dk t l1is d 1· 1·i1·<· wit.h
g reat l'al't~ , ft>r ]J(' l']J:IJ'>' itJ [}w llSI' of' 110 1d)Jl'l' Pill' f't1ni1
of Sjll'\'\'li i>< tl11· _r 1H111g \1Ti11 ·r so likvly l<) 111·1 ray his
incxpt·rt m·""· 1\ 1·11id Sll l' l1 expr!'ssio11s as, •· Ll'l. 11s 11ow
ret urn to till' \'l1id :tdor i11 t.l1is sn' ne;" "\\' c m11st
110\\' ask tl1 c n·adt·r t1) i111:i .t.:·i 11 e l1i111s1·lf',"' ett-. Th ey
an: too J'., rrn; tl to s11it tl1L: t;1sl1 • of t !It' pres1•n(, day.
E\'l~ l',Y !ran " it illll l'rn1111111 1• st:i.t.:·t· of tl11 • ;1"t irn1 (1> a11otl11: r,
wl 1dl1L'I' h11·kll':rnl nr f11nrn rd, sl10 11lfl l)e 111:1.il l: 1ritl1 t.lte
ut11111sl Sllll)\lll 1nt'ss and 11alt1r:tl111·ss. Yo11r 11l1j1•\·l sl1ot1ld
be :11 11·:1.ys to l':ll'I',\' t11 1· 1'\'ade r witl1 yo n, to 111akt· c\'cr,rtlii11 g so ('lc:tr tltat he 1·;11111.,[ pPssil1l y fail to ft1llow,
lJllt a t tl1l' s:111ie ti111 c l•> d11 ll1is so skillf1tll,r tl 1at. l) e
will ,.1·:trl'l·l1· lH· :t11·;u·1; 11[ tlw t ra11 s ili1111.

GAlllES Ob' SKILL, ETC.

E xamine your hst essay c;m :full y ancl critic:tlly.
w1·ite it and. see if, ll'ith t11c help of tl 11 : :d1.,ve suL:·" you cannol i 1111>rove
u pu
g t ;0
• nis,
.
. . n it. . F"nn t lw li;il1it
I J[ }\· iltlll 1111·
1
, ()f criticising your ow n wor c l 1lSJ•:tss 1." 1: .c.
. .
· paringly . AnJ. if y oll C<Ll'L~. anytlii11g· lo:· 11t'.· r;n1· li11 1"l1
or even for mere ~•ec urney, fo rm the !t:d11 t 11f n ·11·r111uc:.
•
1\ga1n
a11 l1 .-ng•11' 11 if 11 eetl he. It is a 11 n~n wd l tn Lil k
about the "fin;t illS[lll'C tl Utt.C.:J'al ll'l'S llf :L I 1t\J llllil<J.
\Ve do not l earn to write, :Lny 11101·e t li:1H 1H· J, ... 1·11 t"
talk, by inspiration. It t,i k es 11111 g anil l:d)11riuus ]'l'a.··ilce. "vVe find. our c neouragern e11L i11 t11 e f;u ·L t11 :d. 111
time it Jnay ht;c om c almu,.;L <LS 111u cl1 :l nw1 ·li:u1ic:tl 111att1·1·
t wTite in a C'tlt'l'e(·t <Lml pleasing st yle as it i,- to f11rn1
the written char<wkrs t11 e111:-elves. '
L

•

•

•

•

••

EXERCISE \' ll l.
CA~lES OF

:-;KILL. ETC .

A litll e consi1lt-r;itio11 will show t]1;tt. \\' \' :tn· ,i..;r:id11;i \J.1·
getting b eyo111l t.!te d o111ai11 of p11n : 11arr:Jt i1111. /\ .11·:1rcorrespo11tleut \l'l 1ll, from ,.;o 111t; L'llll1111" 11cl11 1:.; l ll' 1.'..! I ii.
watches th e 111·11gTl'SS of a li;LUl e :i11d wrill.'s 11 p :111
account of it. for tl1 e !ll'wspap\'rs, is s;ii.! [() 1k><nil" · t l1··
battle . Tl1is is p;trtl y 1lu\~ l11 tlic Lu·(, tl1a t. 11 e 11,;1· tl)t:
word. d e8cri{1 c s1l1111·wltal lonscl .y - 1111 llllll"l' J.,,i,.;,·h 111•11·ever than it.'i derivation wan:u 1b --- a11d partl y (() ll11:
fact that tl11 :re i,.; lien: <L n·:t! 1listi11dio11. Tl1 c 1·1·p11rl•·r
writes, m 1 t merel y 11·l1:tL is 1lu11 c, l1ut \\·liat lie se L'" d11111·.
He striv l's to r e prnd11 t·1 · flll' ut.li ers a 111 e11tal 1·id11n· .. r
what lie lw.s ad.ual 1y l1dul'L' Ii is <-,n·s . A 11d t li e ad i11 11
is very <·ornph'x. A l111111ln·d tl1i1 1~·s ar1· g 11111 g 1111 ;it

"i·;..J

GA.MgS CW !::iKlL L, ETC .

once, so _that Ill a cm-tai11 sense tlw.r occ 11py space as
w ell as t im e. An ollin:r or soldil'r down i11 the lines
w ould
lie eonscinu
· o l. events.
.
·
s· c·l 11··II
c .Y o r a s111Tt·ss10n
J\ I t\'!" Lill' l1aLt lt: lie could 11arra (L: liis l'X [ll' l'i l' Ill:t ', hnt it
Wo ttl(l l ie :• \'l'l".)' rlifl\ ·n·n t :t.L'counL fro111 !!1:1.t nf the
rn1 10 1"Lei· on ll1l! hl'igl1t. Thus it com es tl1:il 11anation
frm11. :1.11 on !s idl' j1oi11 L of Yi<·w is fn·qi1t•utly
dl'S !;rl jJllOll.

tu go :uicl w:11<-h :1 g :111w with th is ol>jn:L in view . You
Gall tll\• 11 111:1 1'. · note of 1l1e niost i1d e rest.i11 g poi11Ls and
L1: s1 1re !1111 of 111aki11g· :111 ac(:lll'at\) n·porL y 011 will
ul co111·s(: 11\'(·d to urnJt.r,.,· (·111d
(f 1\. .~
, •lllle \\"(•II , :til l l to
··
lian.: al y1111r ('e11n111and al t' !lie Lt·1 ·l111i l':tl ien ns tt st·d rn
it. Tl 1u f11 ll11 11·ing aecn u11 t of a ga. 1111 : of ha.sl' l>all is
tak L: 11 frn111 t lw ~a11 Fra11c·is1·11 r.1·.'.1·111 111' 111• 1·, h'I a.y ] !I , ] 80~ :

1.1 : .\1 ; 1· E

T J-:.\ .\ 1 ~ f•J. .\Y 1.1\. El.Y 11 .\l.L AT OAl\r. A:"l1.

Tl11.: re 11·,.,, a l:i rg·•'
· 11 I gH,11111
.
Is y1·.,te rday
· nu wd " \"<'I' •a t 1111' O ··ikl .11
a ft\·r 1J ou u at 1.1 ,,. (' r•1J t. rnl Cal ifo rnia Leag ue g a111 e l11'f,11·1·e 1J t.he
,~J,,, r:. 111:< ot ( >akl:11Jd alld I li e· J h· n·rli·s
o f"·
J'
.
. ·
•J, u1 · ran <.: 1seo .
I he (hldand te •all > sl arl e·cl uff \\'ith ., ru ·I . tt ' . t
• .
..
:"i i. gll , ,111g
wo l11 e n
.u ou nd tl 11~ J•a l hs. H111 J,.. 1·1 · 1l11•ii· sh· u·e 0 1· ti .
. •t·
, ,
_.
. . • . . .
_
•
•
w J 11n -gec.. 111g s topped.
.
l .1 .he
. l l.11 e1l.1 s Iliad·· 11111 · 111 !l1L' firs'· t .'ll>d ti It ' ll J.l C W 1' Ia11 I\S u11ttl
t 1e>; 1xt.l 1, . wl11:lltl
11
·1·
(i
e·.J111•ll11•score
11
ti
t
i
I
.
•
'
•
I
It~ SC \' l'l l 1 { H ~ y L'O IUl.l it' ll l!ecl

11111 s l1ad

~'

)

· 11gh t Grant in good , !iape. The• !.all :<_Yl'a1111ir•: of 111" :'-!i,, i,,, ,
pitched li k e it rna.11 d ri vi11g s1•i k1·s iil>d ha d ,, ,.,,.e· ,,., ... ,i tli;u1 a
. horoughl>red colt, ret iri11g ,.1.. 1·1·11 111 \'ll u11 ,- 1,·ike ·,; . Iii .- rnlltr1.J
' I.~

al mosL perfret, rnJ(.
c ·pt ·' .lush" Hl'ill ,\,

;~

111a1 1 g11i11 g d11\\'11 1) ,.. 1i;1 il1 ' "' a ll'a lk
(',1 11 g lit (l l W of tl w lll ~ J'tl1li •1 '~ l !t. - 1!11oots i11 t he silh: a11d 1, '""·' '"' 11
< ,1,11 1l .ti"' l11 l 11 1"1 .11 1d
. ' flol<lcd !tis po:iil.in n fi1 ll' ly. .J:i <' k S 111i th , 11ld J•ie., wn .J :11·k, Iii:
rd and playt' J firsL l •a:ie j1l:it a:i \\'(·I I as "'' 1·n·r di.J.
l-"11d:_:e'l·.
tb m an who Ollt'.e ]>ilt-lll'd i"u r ~ t.01· k ton, 11i;1 1lt· Jii :i r•·;q•1"·a r;1 11e·
·:- It.er havi11g lieen rt·]eurkil elc-ad in h alf ".J111.e·11 ditre·r1·11t , ,., ·ti "' "'
.,of the cou11try, a 111l l'la yl' d a g·11ud g a 111c i11 ri .~ lil li··ld.
For th e l\Iu ra11 i-; NuLL11 pit..!11·el """" !.;ill. lh1 ll11 1· L1Ye•d "
superb ga111e :tt seco111l :111d ~l11ltz ]i;u1dle·d "" \\(' dillie·1tl( ..! 1allt"•':i
n.t sh ort. .All in all the· uld -t i111 ns " " 1d e it. e·xt r1· 11wl y jde·:u.;:111L
a11d i11te resl.i11 g fo r tho s1•(·d :clon.;, n11<l li (·l d t J,.. larg•· n .. m{ 1111 t il
.tl\e finish. The sco re : lLn·(· rl y;, 7; ?.lura11,;, :.'.

·~"'

\\1111

1•

. Taki11 .t.:· tlii .~ 1111 (;.; idt• J>oi11i of \' ie w wri t•· a11
of so1111) g-a me .\""11 l1an: "'it nessl'd - J>as t. I1a 11 , f11otliall
l.a'r'.1. k 1111 is, c_roq11t't., a 11 yt l1in_e; wi(.] 1 ll'liicli yo u ar~
I a Ill d 1a r. I t w ii l I 1e I 1('( t \ •1· ' l·lc. ) · llll I l<l\'l! H.11 O['JH>l't llllity,

Ct-::'\'l' IC\1.

.,.,-

l>1 tli 11g tlw l·; dl hard. a11d J,e fun , the·y e111iL til·,, ;·a n11.:d
i> \ •t •Jl S<.'lll ., ,.e.,· 1/ 1,. r 11 !.lwr.

Tl1 e play i11 g- (I f llu: 11ld -lill1 ns \\"as li ve lv a11d full <•f
g i11 ger.
"]' ,. s
t
.
.
op ' W( •t """' sick am! hi ti )•lace was Ji lli·cl l1y S t(!\'Cllti, who

Since ba.;el1:d l l1as take ll su eli <t linn h11lcl 111: t l11:
affectiom; of tl1e J\111 t· rit ::L1 1 people, !lie 11 ews1 1apu-s d ;iil _1·
g ive elal>orate ae1:ou u ts of t!te 111 ust i11q><11ta11 L ,t.:01111t·" ·
Naturally r epor ters Yi e witl1 on e a 111itlll'r i11 tl 11·ir t• 11" deavors Lo make tll!'se :1.l't:111111t...; Ji vd y :L1 1d i11t<- n · sti1 1 ~.
Where t,lic S<tlll e kind of .;ul>j\'\:L is trl':ikd 1L1y aftn
day, vari ety i11 s!.ylt: a11rl h 11 g 11age m11 ,.; t, jtl1n11· a ll !."
sou ght fo r . The n·snlL is tfotL, i11 adilitio 11 l" t Ill'
regular tcc1 111i cal knn::; of tl 1e g a.nl\:, n ew 1111,·s l1a\·1:
been inve11tecl Ly tlte score a11<l will c11n t i111t l'. to li<:
invented. F a11 t:l.l:itie turn::; of t·'qm·s,;ion, ltwal ;tll11sions, ridiculuu:s fi gu re::; a11d trnl'es, and ,;fa ng , :i re ;111
empl oyed freely. Popular taste alon e - - 1111 L ahrn.\·s
the be:;t by rrny me<Ul8 -- i:o co11:;ulktl :1.11d ca t.t: rt•(l t o.
But in our \\'()rk we ,;l 1all avu ill these e:d raY•tga1 1n·,;,
since our eliief objeGl.i just 11ow are clL:arn1_:::;,.; "f tl1u 11 gl1L
and purity of la11g11age, though vf eour::;e 11111·dty a.11d
originality o f ex11re;;sioa are alway.; to l>e cn eou r:tge el.

..

·

j ,. •

S. \1 ~ 1' .· \'J'I•• ~.

r\.EU< ' ISE IX .
1'11 Y,-.;f< '. I I, ( ., t\" f' J·:s· J'.-.;_

111 tl1 n I t
·
.
a,.: . CXC' n·1 s1• \\"t' d1 ·a] l \\ ·i tJ1 ;L .. ),· " ·.~ f
· ~'·' •• games
" ·n t u a11 a1·1 ·111111 t "r 11 · iii!'i i
.
r1 ·q111n·d a i·urtai11 intima
;i11.J iet'li 11 i.. a l k 11 ., " ·l,•.J ..."
'I
. ,.., .
'IH: 11· ritt.e 11 ;u;eounts to
were i1 ill'nd .. .J
I 1
1lfl>'t ! \\'1111 j>OSS(·'s . . . . ·1
""
r
..
,.
(
·1·
.. . " . i s1m1 ar
lit : " \'(. J';J "l' Ii <" \\ ' ·1 .
.
.
"" ·
· .~ '·l/ H' r n ·1•11rl ol a
game is il 1e ll H·n ·st 1.11 ...... 11 t
...
.
.
..
· · " :-.
o i111 11111111(1 ;L! e d r uad er T
•• 1r n Le, u 1> • 1' Ii«s1· .~«. 1111 1 ·s 111
•
a \ \'a , · ti . L ·I . II I
.• o
' ·( .
.
,I
Id
s 1,L
JU 111 ter~ >' ~111.~· [11 t 11 <· g1•11 .. 1·;i/ n· arln is i11d 1:1:d a dilli1·11I L task
sn 1 aU,<:1· .all d 1·t; 1il .-. "' '". "li111i 11at.- d :u1d
SS ( d, 111111· l'l'lli;f(JJ S,
Tllt'n : .. I

. llp)'lt

;dl
.

·.::"·.

.. ~'
.. ~- No ti 111e \\ 'as lust.; llw

.~ ithc r co111l>a.!,n.1J!;

t 1•1· l1J1i ual itie~

.
1.",
class of
""11!1·st.", l1· ss "" ' "Jd i· x 111 ( 11\' i I' J'('l' ll 1·1 t ,·
.
.
,... , .. fllls :u" l issues,
1d1i··l 1 :1d111i t .. r l1t ·i11 ..· 111 . I I l .
,--,
' s t.; ·1 ! l 'I
Ill ( r( 'Jf('l " iJ ( 1 I
d
1d 1i1·l1 "1'! 11.:iJ (., ti
,...,
·
· ·111s an "
1
S .
. . . "' 11111 <·rsLi11di 11 .~· a1 1d i11ter1·sl of all
alikl'.
, II< Ji .i1 1. ;il111 0.-; t ;i]J s111 11 1l1 ,• t1·1·,·1] ,,.
.
·' 111 st.r u n oth ·
<·111 I 111-;1. 1w(._ s111·< ·d or ;w ilit\·
1: 1. ..1 .11
.
"' '
'
"
• •
' '
\ 11 u is i 11 tu1·estc rl in
1.111 : dt'Sl'l'ij>i i<11 1 of tlii· l' liari .. L r;i ,., . ".
11 1 ftl'lt l!n r, t.l 111ugh
l1 :w lia. V(~ irit 111 ·ss<"d s 111·l1 a 1·111d1·s{
'\ 1· t
.. . . I
· · · ' "" · ra l'e, lton;e
J.u1, 10:1 .(. 1-;1.«1 ', ora 11 r o11 1· ,,f· 111 1.01 1I t
1'" s of a11 at.lilctic
·
•
(' ·
<'lllli's ti i·l <l d: 1.1.: , \\·ill fiir11.1sl 1
. .
.L;"""I 111 a lc rial for work of
1\1 0

101\ 1~ n·r, <L

1:,l1e thn11 g l1t i11
11ot St•e

\\·a:-; di·."'11~·r:d1·

ft-11111

I i i•· 1 ° 1 ·.~i1111 i 1 1:..:, .

r.. 011i s

:--: 11111+ ~

o[

wa y IJi' r n·d l1i111 1•u\\·1·r f11l!y .

f) 111w1·t \':tll• f' l i:-d1

l1i 111 ; lw

\\1111!.{

~ !w

."I i"" lwr

t h a t a. Spa.11 iarcl fo r "" """"' ' :; t1j'1 'ri11r lo" 1: 1.,.11 .. 11111:1.11.
Doll C("fi l1 ::t.1l .no

:-; t ll'lt

1· xt ra.

sl. i11111l11 :-;, l111t

!ti ~ w;1 s

:1 11 irr •H

fr: 11 1w

nnd hi s co 11r agt~ :1.11d 1' 1H1 l1w:;...; 1H·1·1\.·d Jl(I ai.I w lw11 a ~ Ji:i1 1 i; 1 rcl d :1r.·d
cross w eapon:< wit.It l1i111. \l' itl1 111<: d1 ·xl·· rit y dra1111 r... .,,, 1.. 1 1 .~;
practice, a ncl \vith j,Jlt' fi· · rc r~ f11r,v of' yo111 1g- 1i .~· · r .. .; lhirs li11 .~· f1 1r
each othe r':; blood , (.},..y :;IJ'll gg l··d l1: 1t:k a 11d f.,rll 1 a11d r .. 1111 .J "".J
round, \v hil r~ l.llt'ir e n11q~;111iu 11.'"' , fi g lifi11 g- 11l1it 1· :1....; 111ad!y . ... w,·1>1 . 111 1

do,vn tl1 e :·dn·1:t. k;l Yi 11 .~ llw 111 to oe ('l lJ•.Y 1111: aln·:idy 1·11 r 1 ~:-·w ­
cumberecl and J.l ood-st ai1wd g r.,t1111l. T11 thus•· day:< , ,. J.J i1·r:; or 11,..
be tter cl:ts:< k11P\I' tJi,. 11s(· of 1111· s11·o r.J a.11.t ""' I'< : n\' •·r-1""' 11d nf t.110:
knowle dge. l i nd(:r th e l'X1·il1 ·11 1('1 1L ;u1d f'x liilara.lio11 .. r a h:111d -tohand con~><Lt tl 1n :cC<' lllllJ 1l i., J1 .. .t H\1•o n b111a 11 al\\':ty:< f, ... J.,.; tli:tl. his
strength is il <J 11 l.J~ d ; !1 11 1. I.hi · l""·11li :1 r ci r1'1111 "Lu11·<"s a.(t .. 11di11g [} ,..
strugg le bctwf·e 11 C'orl 1·s and llo11 c1·t a11<le1l i111 1J1""'"""1l.l y t o thi:;

I> J•: J , .

Lo11i s lto111 ·" t a11d <":1 pl:ii11 Co rlt-s 111 et f,.,,.,.
I
f1, fa t:•! a11d ""'"Rrtl
H\Yprr' 111-:1r 11,.. i11iddJ,, or 11 1.: li!tl e st n• ·t
..
.
.
l1i s rn ·111
l'· I' · .
' · J he S p;L1 11 ard knew
.
. .
"" 1111• ' ny of n ·,..og 11i t io 11 a wh il1•
" I .
111111 \\'ho \l'<l~ tlu· S\\'ift
r t I :llH I l l ' llld S )f l
. aoo
lad lold
'
- f> () l'I
j
Fn ·1lf'h .J ·I· ·I
.
'
· ' •e }'•Hill ):; 1·ad1· r of t he
' .11 i1 111·1it. ,\ ,, l11r l>o11 c1· t 111: k111'\\' 11 ot l1i11 ' 1110·
tlia.i, an 1·111·111 \· ll'o rtli\· 11 [ 111.. ·t l
l .
g
t c than
·
·
' ~ l'l' \\'a s
•l'furl' lii111
A
·
I
he li a.d l1 ea rd a fi·\\' 111 011 11 ,,tl . 1 ·f . I l
·
·
\'( i1 ce I. 1at
J.
:-; i< u1i· i:u :-;1:;·(' 111 Pd lo 11i1n to utf,e r
" ' n a1 11C with a. :;11·r,. t, l1• 111f .. rn1•.-;s th at
ti
I
n•«:d l1•d i 11 Ho ni e stra. ll."O
way . JC l1 J ll11 ·si c k11,._,~ of !.is l ir~ L ' 'e··i· [
"
.; ~ •> aliseuce fro m France.

ti.:. .:: iit,

fj ~,l tl1i111'i11,c:;

a11 yt lii11 g Lui rn , J1i 11 ,c:; "["111
lid b ea rin g tlOW ll lJ 1c ul ill'r. Jlot.li, h<1\\'t'\'1• r, di ,.;<'ol't'r"d l"'l 'Y ·'"""
. tbo.t. it wa.H 11 rccs,;;1.ry to 11:1.1'< ' a"" "' " fur s.. !f. .J,.f,. ,, ,.. . " ' 11··11 '" f,.,.
ntt.nck. They fe11c1 :d ft1ri.,t1 ,I.)' a 11il . adroilh. 11>·il l1··r .~· i1 · i11 .c:; a11
.inch, utterl y forg1·lf11l ,. f \\'l i:it. w:i ,.; .c::< •i11 ~ "'1 '"" "111 . J ti1··111. ll1··i 1"
ivhole so ul :; foc n ~c d , :-;u f11 :O-:J •t· ak , i1 1 t llt' urw •li- .. .: i ri· ,,. ki ll. ; 1111/, l iy
kill ing-, to live .
Co rt;es was awarl' l li:tl l':11 tl i11 L' w:i .-; """" J,y :111.J 1•r.,l·:il.J.\· 1.. .,}; .
al.

feeling.
:Ea.ch fo1111d Llte (llill'l' a11 a1il.ago11ist. wl111s1 ·
''

l'i.~ .. r :t111! :; 11ifl 111 ·so

ma<l e eve ry n 1n n1 r•11 f, a. cri~ i :-; :111d whn s '~ ~teadfa~t gaz1 · ('a,11 .~ lit i11

advan ce eve ry w o(.iol\ (l[ w r i,.; t. nr l1ody .

,._.·

88

X A IUtATIOX.

OU'l'LlNE AUTOBlO(; l:A I'll Y.

EXEHCISE X.
l~TELLEl'Tl j ,\L

('ONTESTS.

G ive an ;weou11t 110w of a coulei;t of ·~ so nH.: wkL t

lifferent ki11d - une involving the e xl1 i l ii t ion, not of
For :11ldit.io11:d 1·xa111i' ]t's rt'a1 l the followin1 r ·
.
b .
Tl1e (' l1a1"i ot H:t('('.

JJ,.11 //,,, · ; J,. ,. ,k

\\":i IJ:i c<> .

Tl1 1 ~ T o 11r11a.1111!11 L of J'ritl"e .Joliit. 1
'
1'<111/we ; cli:1l't1e r ,·ii. - Sir
\\" alt1•r Seu It.
Tl1 e Boa t H:i ee. T' 1111 /J n,w1t rrt rl.r/;,,.,f · t' l1 ·111l t· 1· , · · ·
·1·1w111as
·
'
'
~' 1 11 · -I l 11 .~· 1i, . ,_

physical pro we:;:;, 1111 (, rntlier of i11Ldledual al1i Ii ty
1\.nd attainment,:;. P e rl mp:; sl'elli11g a11d pronoun cing
matches, being of eom11w 11 oceu1-re11ee, will m ost readil ,y
Jluggest thern:;clve:;. ,To iHt meeti11g:; of literary soei d ies,
d bates, imits aJl(l tri;d:-; at law, n.1111 conk~ts in d cd <Lm n.t ion and or;Ltory, if you 11<LVe ;u1 oppo rtuni ty of
hearing tliem, will ;d'fonl y et wid er scope for a.n ex ercis\'
f this nature . R e;Hl 'l'l1 e /)p /,rit1~ i11 Wi ll l '•Lrldon ':;

EXEJ{CISE XI.
OUTLl~E

. . Tit~

~x; 1 nqi_I e her(: gi ,·c 11

a11d ti inse !"(' fe1Tt·1 l to, dea ling
·~" t,~1-~~ ''. ll \\_1.t li cn •11t.-; so f;tr n :n11>vt·cl frn111 ordinary
ex_p ~1 w11 cc,. '' il_l do l 1ttle lll•Jre t han li e]l1 one catch the
:-;pmt
uf tl 11.-: k1111l (If work • But if t·l1•·y
,] •> tl 1at IHU C1l
.
.
~

i t ~n ll !Je ao arnple rd ~1rn for the time spe11t in reading
tlte n1. Of < '•llrst; ;L simple Jll t: id eul attr:te tinol
') J .
.
b
Oil y a
m'. <_ rn te res L \\'Ill liave to lie trnatctl with be fitting simp11 c1ty . A1? a tt empt to a.ttad1 to it, liy an inflated
:;~~le_ of wn t lllg,_ a11 import:mce it doc:-; 11 ot po:;:;ess, is
CCI talll to re,.;nlt 111 failnre.

AUTOBJO(;RAl'llY .

The length of t11 e compoi;ition to be wri t te n. mnf:' t he
determined liy V<Lrious eon:;iderations, el1i e fl y 11y the
subject iti;clf a.ml t he write r':; knowl ed g e of it. In
general, write idl that s eem:; worthy of Le i11g said u pon
the subject, nei tl1 er more nor less. It i:; sometimes 11 eeessary for a. write r, as i11 the pre paration of lectures,
ma.ga.zi11e article:;, a11d 1tew:;paper report-;, to fix his
limits exactly hcfurehand. But that ean be llo11 e :;twcessfully only when by long tm.i11ing one has ohtainecl
perfect control over Iii:; pen. In order therefore to
obta,in thi:; control it may l>e well occa.sio11ally to practi ce
writing compositio11:; (Jf a \lefinite l ength. In e very
case the qu:tlitie:; to be so11gl1t for are unity, f<ymm e try .

40

PE'l' .\I LJ-:ll

NA 1: l\,\ TLIJN .

1:on 1pacLness, a rnl co mpl ete ness. l\frre length is in it.-;elf
no indication \Yl1 atcvc r of merit, nor eve n o f tl1 e a mount
of time or bbor spe nt on the work. A s t nd(:11L once
prcscntc<l an essay of only fu11 r sc n te11<·t"s, whi ch in all
t.1 10 <J.U:1l it,ies al>OVC 11:une<] \\"as excelled l1y ll O Olll' of a
liu]l(lred otltn c:-:says prcsente1l at U1e s:u 11e Lime. ]t
pos::;e::;scd in :L r<1n: <ll'gree t l1 :tL almost irnh-firndJle Yi1t 11e,
literary fi11isl 1. \\'l1 v11 yo1 1 read iL y11 11 frlt th <tt e n :rvthing l1ad 11ee n sa id :ind i'1:1d },, ... 11 s:1i1i i11 tl11: !.l·sL possil ,'le
n1an11 er. On e word 111 01'l' 11r 011 c \\'onl less \\'01tld ha.Ye
spoiled iL.
Naturnlly 011c whose ;ii1n is excell enl'C o nl y dnes not
want to he l1:1111pcrcd l>.\" a11 y eomlit io11s i11 th e rnatt<:r
0£ length. It i::; poss il1lc Lo cxpa1Hl or co nd e nse a
wri tte n article ,1·il11i 11 <·erta ia li111it .-.; wi t l1 n11(. sni ons
l1arrn; ln1t tlH· limits :ire n· ry narrow . ()[ th e two
]'l'OL:l:ssts cx pa11si,1n is t he rnnre liazanl o us. Jmll:etl, ::;o
fa r a.-; mere \ISl' of \1·o nls gnes, wri tt:rs of (' \ '<' I T. ,..,crr:u1e
t'lT tt•n limes 011 t l1e sid e of \'X\'ess to !l Jl ('l' 011 tlw sid,\
o f <..k fici ency. So tnw is tl1is t li at we l1a\·c ::;cveral
LLrnilia r 11 :1 11 1\'S l>r wl1id1 to l'!1:iral:tl·rizl: difl't·n·11t forms
n f t.lic lirst Yil"' - inf\:1tio11. \' il'!' I11Jil11, ·11t ion, rednnda ll l'l',
t;i.llllilogy, jll'P!i -.:it y, diff11s\'ll\.,,s - l111t :·w:\.r('ely <H ie for
t lit.: S\'l'ulld - - rlll'l"ril·al 1· llipsis. Cu 11 llens:1tirn1. "l1uilinir
b
duwn ,·· i:-; t!JL'l'l'fnn· l'l 'l'<llllllll'lllkll tu }'ll\ lll •' w rit e rs a.':l :>
\'a.l uahh· pr:l<'tin·. So lo11g a::; l li c l' ron·:-;s,..,is apl'l icd to
tl1 (· <li..t ion Pl' \\'Ordi11g of :\11_1· tl11111gl1t t lll'l'C <' :I ll i.,_.
li ttle 1jll\'st io11 of its Y:tlu e . A re vi,-.w of w l1at\\·e ha ve
\v.ri t tl'll \\'i ll ;dmosl :Ll 11·ays :;lllJw lo 11s some e xpress ions
i h ;Lt atltl too l it tlc to \\' :1l'l':Lll( t.h\'ir l'ele ntiu11, a llU SOllle
tl 1at are l!Jt'l'e r cpditirn 1s :Lll<l ;tcld 11 otlii11 g at all. All(l
sometim e::; the tli o ng h t it:;df lll<LY he pru n ed to :t<l-

,\ l !TllH ll)(;l: ,\1'11\'.

-11

0 11 tl IC otJ ll:I' Jirmd, j f ('Xjl<I nsi11 ll JS ll<'l' <'SS;I l'\' •
it niu st alw:1ys h-. <·iTl·<·ll'd hy tli t: additi11 11 r.i· th1)\Jgl11.

V(l,11 tagc .

.

i

of sul1jl:('t-m:Lllt-r, n ot l 1y jnggli 11 g wit 11 1rnrds .

"\Vritt.: a l1rid l1is tory of y our li fe. Tlll' re a n · :L ft.:11·
fad::; 1,\mt arc 11ccess:1ry l11 l'\' l' I'.)' \\'11rk ,,f tl1is k i11d. 11•>
ma,tter l1ow l>rid nr inr·,1111plcte it n1 :1y lll'. J11 a.liliti .. 11
to the::;e, r ·hle tl 11: musL impurt:111 L ev, ·1l1 s :t11 d ''" )H 'l'iall .1·
tlwsc eYenls ll'l1i..11, \\'lidhl:r tlll'.1· aJ>J>"an· d i111l'11rt;i:it
nr 11ot. :1t. tl1,: ti111<: ,,r tlwi r .,,., .. 11T"'""·, .:. :·;11 1,. .. I . . 1 .'.~11:1 i­
ca.11l'(" l 1y tlll'i r 1•1l\ l'I llJ""l .\'<>Ill' s1tl•"'"i " ":it l1f•·. :-:11, -\,
an e:-;say is 11ot lik,·ly tu l1 ;L\'l: cu 111 pkte 1111i1.1, ,.;i""" 1\
will 1Je n mde up l:Lq..;t·ly of ,lin· rsc :11111 1111n·h tl·d <'Xpr·r iPl1<'l'S - l' XjH 'l'i t· 11 1·L·,.; tl 1:1t lt;l\'l' fallc·1 1 (<> ;lw }.. 1 .,j' ;1
::; i11 gle i111livid1 1aL it i:-; trn.,, l11 tL •111ik ;1' ,. f; .·11 i '.1
cli a.11l:l' :ts l1y desig·n. Still a "'·rt:1i11 1111i t I" 11 iii }, ..
sccurell ii: you cn11ti 1111 :illy l•t•ar in 111i11d tl1aL ail tll\'Sl '
expc nt·IJ ('\'S l1 a ,·e ,·,1t1lril1utt-'l (11 111ak t.: n1 1t 11·l1: 1l '1111
0

n ow ;1 r!•.
The "l''·ni 11 g ,.,]1:i ]' t1·r .. r ./{11hi11.,,, 11 1'r11."'" f11r111 .,]1 .. ,.; :111
excelle n t. cxa n1pk 11 f s 11l·l 1 :t ,.;k\·t.-li .,( <>1 11."s 1·arh 1if,.,
OhsCl'\'L: li11\\' it, gi\'l ·s, i11 addiLi1111 (11 tl1">l' Lwts ,,-!1il·l1
a.re pa.lent tu n ·1·ry <i11 \', ,·0 11 s id1 ·r:il1k i1 1siglit i1it" y111111 .~
Roliin so 11 's d1:i.ra.1"t'·r :wd prodi Yitil·s, wl1i, ·l1 i"' 11ot 1111 !1·
inlcl'C·s ting Lu L really l'Ss1·11 Lia1. He:Ll l als" '/ '/,,. ,.I ,,1;,,,,.-_,
A ccutw l of lli )lll'd}~ in '\ Va:-;lii11 gtn 11 In· in~·s S /,., ,1,./1-H· 11•!."

l >J·: T ,\ I LI·: I > A l j TUHl( ><; l ~ A l'J I Y.

Jn sLt.:all of tryi ng t•1 l'<>\'lil' y 1111r ll'lio l<' lil" :- \ii :-;1ury,
bike <L ::;ma ll l'"rtion uf iL only :L11<l t rea t it 11111re in de-

•.:'1

-1 :2

DlA<;INAlt\'

NAHl:A'l'lON.

A UTUU IUUHAl'll \'.

not only in simpli city, h11t also in li\'l'li111..: ss a11<l 111-

tail, as if you ,,·e re wri t i11g a 1·!1:Lpt.c: r of a com plete
fonn:Ll :t11 tol1iography. You will tli11s h:lve tim e and
SplLCC lo nnkc 11olc o[ 111i1111le r i11«ide11ts, lo inquire, if
y<Jll c.l1oos!', into tl1 c m11tivcs of a.dio11s, to i11dicate
p c rson:d ta..slt-s a1Hl follow !lie 1levL•lop111t"11t 11f J>arti e ubr
t.rails uf eliaral'l e r. l'c rl1a.j>s some of tl1is co1t!1l he
l1ette r 1lo11e loy ano!l1t•r tli:u 1 loy y ourself, still th e re is no
rc;Lson wli ,r yon sl101tld 1111\, a.t l1·111pt it. Try lv 11<! fair
to yo 11rsd f, 1·rri11 g if a t :ti! llll tli e sid1: of 111<Hl1·st.y . So
far as lll<L)' lw, l!'L 1110tiH·s sl1i11 e t.l1rn11gli y11 11r aeLiu11s
nLtlll' I' Lli;u i rest 1111 }"llr li;1rc asse rt ion. Yuu will he
lll<ll'\! lik('l y tln1s (o win tl1 c n·ad1·r's 1·.,1ilid1:1wc :rntl
impress him with yo nr sinc\'l'ity.
Tl1c familiar A11tol1i ogr:q1l1i l·s of l\1·11j:1rni11 Frn11klin,
.I ulin B. (; oug h, .I osl'jih .JeffL' rson , l'k ., may I 1c refe rred
Lu ;1.s models .

terest.
Select su d1 a11 "auto11iograpl1y" and write it, in
your best i rnaginati \ 'C i;Ly le. Hy fr1111yi11al i1•1 • is JllJt
meant anytl1i 11 g strai11l'rl or al'tifi eial. On th(.: 1·1111 t.rnry,
Lhe Lest im:tgi11aLiv1~ writ.el' in this <:rtst: will lH~ lw wl111
best s ucceeds ill i1lcntifyi11g l1imsdf witl1 tl1c lll1j .. 1·L i11
questi on. Imagi ne yo u1-i;elf Lo be that olij1:d, a..s vividly as you l'<tll, :uul th c11 , with all th e f1 ·eli11g and
natumln ess p11ssil1le to you, tell you r story.
0£ c1111r,.;c many tlii11gs may lie s11h;titut1:tl for the
wonl ce nt in tl1 c alinve Litk - pin, ri.U,on, 7)1•11-lrnU;,,
lwrse-sli.u1', p usla!fe-1Jlmnp. A <lescription of Ll1 e ma1111facture nf tl 1(:se art.ides will not prope rl y e 11t1·1· i11ln :t
narr:ttinn; r:dh1•r <hn·ll upon the \\': t111l1;ri11 gs 11f tlit.:
object, th e various llSl's it l i:L'l su l 1s1:rn:tl, th e \' icissi trnlcs of fortn11 c it li:Ls \\'iL11es:-;ed a111l l"llfft'rPtl - in
Rl1ort, a1l i t.s ex pe ricnn·s :trnl 11lis1•rvatio11s ill t Ji,. world
of m e n an<l things. 01w of tl1 e most su1.;cessf11l csl"ays of
tl1is nature Ll1aL lia.s coJJH: u11<11:r tJH : writer's ol1s1·rva t.i1111
was I'll tit.let! "A V11i(·e fr11111 tl1e Bl'lfl'J'.'' Tl1t.: se l111t1!bell did :dl Ll1e t:dki11g, :uul tlie s!'h11.,J-l1e ll ynu rnu,.; L
a<lmiL is in a.11 a1 l1nir:tl1l(· ]'"i"it.ion to ohs1,n ·1· 1·1•rt.;1i11
ill te r<~st.in g 11l1as1·s of l111111a11 lifo.
Tht:re is nn ncetl Ill 1·.tlJdi1w y11111"Sl'lf l.11 i11:u1i111:Jt1·
u11ject...;. Tl1t! :111t11lii11,i.;r:q1liy .,f :t S([11irn;l or a d11.L'. 11r
l1ors1: 111:ty hl' 111:1.dl~ l'l·rl1ap,.; 111t1n: i11krcsti11g \ 11:1.11 :111.1 ·
of Ll1e al111\·1·. S11111<:wl1at. i11 Ll1is st.yh· is a w1·ll \\Titt1·11
plea for \Ill' lilll '>' t', 1·11titl1·d Nlil rl.- .!f,·11111.'I· J1y ..\1111:1.
:::iewell. If yu11 i'n·fcr, i11 s\l':1.1l \If wri ti ng· :L "u 1111 •""ition of yonr ow11, l;lk e A H1·//';; Hioqrapliy, i-n H:1\\·thorn e 's Snvu• Image, r111<l Other Twice T old Tale ~, aml

EX.l·:H C I:-;E XIII.
l i\! :\(;IN ,\I\ Y J\ l.I TO Bl()(; H ,\I'll Y.

Tl1t; re is :i. s11l1jn·t tliat. l1a.s long- l1el' 11 a f:l\·o ritc with
y oung composilio11-\1'l'it1•1·s - ··The A 11t.ol1i1lgrapl1 y of
a Cc nL." J L is :111 easy s11lij1:ct for St' Ve ml reasons.
B ei ng largely if 1i11t 1·1 itin·l y liditiom; it dol'S not require an y preli1ni11ary i11\'1·s t ig:i.tio11 into fads.
Jt,
:1ffconls :L111plu s1·01w l'cor tliP i111:1.gi11atior1, :u1d y..t, 111 :L
wl1oll y fa1niliar lil'ld - 1:\·1·1Jd:1.y lifo. The us~ of I.he
llrst pcn;o11 Lou i11s le:1.(l of th e third, i;ecms to lt:atl (.11
t1 1c m ost 1mt ural a111l 1·:1.sy ,.;t .1 ·k ol' writi11g. I l the title
were change<l tv "The I I istmy of a ( 'cnt," mHl the
third p e r:-; on usctl, the 11arrali \'c would be li kcly tu lose,
·~~~-

__:__t___
~.. '

NJ\ JU( ,\'f'l< IN.

lll:-:iTO HL

E XEH C IS E X V.
lllST< >HY.

Bl< I (; IL\ l'l 1\'.

H ingra1.1l1 _\· is ;t pro\·i11<·1 : 11f 1..t l< ·rs to wl1 i1·li m any
a11l.1111r:-; 111 l:ii<· til . i11 :il l :w1•s lt'L\'t• d<'\'< t I ti
l
l
. ,,
.
,.., . .
' "'
ll' n 1sc ves.
t d1lft'J'S . lr(IJt l aut11l1 i11_gT: q il 1y i11 tl1at it i.-; Liu: lifel11story nl <1111· 111 .·111 \ITit!t ·n 11)·
. a110 I l H·J'. l'l11t ari:l1's
!,illl'S 1••l\' l: l'Xl"l'l<·d :ill i1t (','Ll( ,'ill.·1l1l<
..' 11d
. I1w11 <·<: over
'111:u1 y gt•l)(•J':d im1 s of (' 1itl111si asli< : )' 1111tl1 a 11d , . • .... l
·11 · l
·
.u 1. l t« ll
s (.1 11·1t
•r,nn utrN
. o f·
, l s1·; 11·1·l'I)'
· <1i111i11i s lll'd i11 tl'· l '(• ·~' t,. 'l'l1c 11
old l• l'l' ll d1 ll'l'it <•rs a11<l •J · · · ·
.
.
.
.
c tt•11· 111 11t:1loJ's a n ~ fill ed int.h
lnogl':t]'l
t1<"al n1:d1•r ia l. Fn1 rn E 11 ;.....,1.-!:111d \V'<'·' }··
' . (·
·
1,t \ < , t> Ult' 11 l.iUll , mily o11e s! l' iking· <'Xa 111 pl<: o11L of l1llndn ·ds· , l'>Os-.
We ll s 111111111111 e 1ita l /, 1"(~· ,,f .;11 ; 111, 11 11
And ti
\
Jean
·
·
·
· ·
J<: 1 llH:l'!'l'ess nl_
Pl'<'S<'lli da1· !ta.-; giVt'll 11s a la1·g·e
i11111il11·,. .,f l1r1l'I l1i11"'r:qil 1i l's .. r v·t1·,· i11" l
.
.
.
,. .,
·
' .• ,.., < «g l'<'PS o f ex l"<'il<· Jt <·e., 111 . tl1 c· "'-'1
·1 ·
"
·
· .t ''" 1111 ·11
Sl' l'l l'S a lld "l\Ti·ii of
L"t r.. ,.,.,'
"<·1·1 \ ."·· .L'I
t 1
1
'
~ Jiii' . ·' '"!1· J('S lll 'l\ ' I • 1·
, :tll,)'
.'
, . ,
.
.
.
'
',
I\.
111111< I Ill
L1 1<. .\ i l(lpt ·d. 1a "I' B1PgTajilt
1t
·al
l>i1·l1.1111
·t1·1·
l
'
I
.
.
·
• . .
<'I' 1aps ti 1e
1110;,
t,
lt!·
lpl
11l
l'X:lllljil1·s
wil
l
l
('
f
l
.
J
f
,.
.
' . 1111111 Ill
il ll'll1or11 e's
h1 0:1n1;1/11,.1tl ,\ 'tor/,.,,, :t <:1 ii It'<' ! io11 .,f six short. I>iograpl11es .,f :-:-iir Jsaae t\,!11·(1111, (lu<•c: 11 C'l1ris t in" ··t
.
••, e ,c . A 11 e1.:.
.
tl Oil's :ire lil11 ,,.: dlr i11tvrs1 1t :rse1[ to I 11 · !· ti
.
·
·
· L •t-~
ie JJa ITat1ve
a,.; 11Vl'ly ilS jHl:-<sil1l1·.
To \\Ti t..t : s11«i1 11·0,.ks
tl
as ie most of those lll e Jit.io1 1ed
.
.
al1u• ve• l't '<jllll'l'S lilltt', tal1·1it, C:tl'llest11
.. c • c 'LI 11·1 a ,. 11 ii· aJJ <.I
•· • .... '°"' "\ ,
ddm1te k110\\'l 1·d<>·e o f fa..is
N,
,
,
·tl
l
.
.
,
h
' '
e \ Cl lt' 1l!.'<S Slit' I \\' l'l(-

t:ie

lllg. may \\'J(.lt
a <h·a ri! agc li<:· lll"tetice<l
CJ11 "'
" :-;nia 11 sea l e.
.
- '
A lte r lea.n1111g·
all
tlll:
fads
yon <"tll \\'rite 'L l
.
.
.
,, '
. ' .'l 101" t L.l(•g'ra11 l iy ol olt"v 11!' J1·<1t11· 1·(,·l·,(,t J· \ •l'.'l (J j' f'l'l·e ll( I,.;.
·-

To the h ist11ria11 f:tlls t li e 111 :ce,.;sity of 1•r:tdic i11g tl11 •
art of nruTation in all it'l hra11 elies a.11d i11 it,; u trno><i
' complex ity. If e sl1n11ld have rt li vely illl:1gi11atin1 1. a
quick percepti1111, a kl't'll sy 11q1:tLlty, :ltld a t'al111, 1111erring jn<1g 111 e 11 t. If,. sJ.011 1<1 l1t· t.liu id1::d ><pcd.alor o f
human activ i ty, al>l e t.o look lljlfl ll Lli t) life o f an indi vidual as a m e l'e in c id e n t in il11: lif1 , of :t so('i1·ty .. 1·
nation, an tl t ht: lift, of a srn·i ety or nalio11 ;~-; a llll'l'1 :
incident in il1e prngress o f th e wot'ld. l le rnay lit'
likened to the n , ]H>rkr <111 t he lwigli t 1rntcLing tl1 1·
- battle an<l sift.i11g, judg in g, recn,.din g: Frrn 11 tl1" l1eigh L
of tl1e present he l ooks u t.lmly down over illl' pa 11o ra111a
of the pa.st ; or frnm tl1 e l1 eigl1 t of impMtiali ty he s11rveys and el 1rn11idt!S t he (,ve 1it.-; of th e Jl l'l'Se 11 t. l 11· 11111s t
see an d tlisti11g11ish l'h-arly all tli<: 1111ilti•·11!111\•d tlll'l·ads
of the tangled skein and -- 11ot unntvt' l tlll'lll, f11r al.01···
a.11 else rn11;,t 111: pil·t.1m' t.11 11s tlt i11 gs as t Ill'} :rn·; l111L
he rnu st lie alile to lay l1is li11g. ~ r :ti. 01w poi11t. a 11 d say,
" Here t lte t h rend ente rs I.ht: tangh~," a 11d lay it at.
,
,,
another point and. say, "I fore it. 1•11wrw·s aga1J1.
the e nds of t.he thrcad no nrn11 sees.
Still mu el1 of the l1istori:rn '::; \York re quires no mor•·
skill than may IJe ol1tai11etl in tl1 e pract.in: uf Ol'dinary
narratio11. He gathe rs his fact.-< fr11111 evl' r.\' :tn:1~ssililt·
source and tlwn sdect...,, ananges , a11cl t·.la,-;sifil's t.li1:1n
according to whatever see ms t1l h im the Les t pri1w i j>ll:.
It will he ea.."y enougl1 for you to get a11 insi g h t ii.to
this process a.ml at the same time gaiu a Ji tt lu praet.it::tl

"..J:

",.

4G
experience. H ca< l in two or tJ 1n•c Ji is toric.~ of tho
U nited Sbttcs the accou nt of ::;ome particular cve11t,• as
tlie Landing of tlic 1'ilgri111s, t lie Signing of t h e Declaration of l rn lepcnd e11cc, the Battl e of Lonkot1 t Mountai11; tlien, from your n1 cmo1'.r antl with only such
recurren ce to tlie soil!"ct·s of in fonnati1111 as may Le
n ecessary to :L-;sist y11ur n1 e mury arid \'t!rify fa e t...;, wri.te
a11 indepc11de11t aeco unt. of the sa1ne event. Let the '
language, aml i11dl•ed c very tlring exeept tlie htre, rn<lis1Jutabl e fact.s, lie as far as possil il e yo11r ow n.
Or perhaps you can get ll Ot 1111worthy n1atcri:tl near
at hand. " Our Class ElPctin11,'' ·•The La te lkl1dlion
in tl1t~ Tliinl \\'an! ~ (' hf1ol," "Tl1c j)ij>I.1111acy uf
Brigg.-;, 1\ 1l.iLr:d,( 1J," an; s11g·.L:·1•st.i l't' s1rl1jt•1·ts oi this
k ind. Trt!a led 11·ith all t.l 1c dignity of ad11al l1i,-;t1llJ
tliey can lie m:ult: t.•xtn·nn·ly interes ting a11d l'fft·l'!i1·l·.

SECTION I I. - }) ES( IU PTlU~.
I

EXEl{ClSE X\"I.
i\I A\'{; FAC'T LI 1u-: 1> A HT IC L l·'.S.

Revolving Hook-cas<'.

An OrnamPnt.al \\'a."1"-l•a sk··t.
1l~·iic1w~ 11f ( h1r ( iraiid ·
fail1er's Ti t>HJ C« •11q•aro·d \ I itl1
Those~ of Our < l \\' 11.
Td .. :tl C>1 \i, ... I 1.. ,k .

The Schuol

A Jla11gi11.:; La111p.
:\ly ~lin,.r a l ('a!.111<•! .
i'\ 1)\ ' ~·l

Card

H 1· 1'«·i\~·1

,\ 11111· ~ ( ' la:l~P• I

A P11 ;.\ f ;q.:;1·

Cl1 •l·i,.

~t:u1q1

.\ J\ ,11111.

MECll AN IC J\ L C O N'l'ltl VA l"Cl·'.,;,

llESC ltl l''l'luN .

11otcs of a, clinnl cornl>in e for the 1·:tr i11to n11 e 11111sical
:-;0 1111d; Lli e ro nml111·ss, s11HH>l.1 111 ess, a11d soft11 e,;:; of a ·
rul>l>e l' l.:tll g·in: to tl1 e to11 1·1t a11 i11s ta1da11eo11,; pl casurealile s(' 11 :-;atirn1. H11 t lang11:1g1: m11 :-;L 111: L"()J1 lc 11 \, tn prescll l t lte separat e el 1·1nc· 1its uf th ese t·t1111pl e x i111pre:-;:-;ions
one at a li11H;. 1f111t·rn11ry <licl 11 ot. t·o11ie tn t lit: l'L':ulcr's
n.s:>i s l:tnc<: a11d l 1old for l1i111 tl1 e s1•paratt• <·le11H·11ts un til
li e lms retT ivl ·cl tlw1 11 a ll, Ill' ('Ot1!d 11 e \T I' get. a 1·0111plete ·
pi<' t n re l11nn1gli tlll' 1111·di11rn of \\'C >n ls. L :u1 g 11 ;tge 1~
evidc11tl _y , frn111 its \'l'lJ 11 :1t 11n:, fa r li<'llt•r adapted to
n:uTal i11g en·1its wl1i('li <>t'l'lll" in Sllt'l 't·ssio11 tli:u1 to
d es(Tihi11 ~· ohjl'd>' all o F wl111s() parts !tan: a c·1111 L1:mpma 11 eo ns exis t1 •lll'L'. ( )tl H·r dilli!'1ilti1's \\'ill 1·0111e to
n o liee as W() prm:ccd. \\' 1: shall silllply ha ve to rely
0 11 o ur i11gc 1111it _,. to d (' \'isl' wa ys of il's,;1· 11i11 g or ovc·rco n1 i1 1g ll1l'lll. IL is clilli1·1ilti1·s lo lw ()\'1:1To 111l: as well
a.-: effecl:-; lo l>l' st1ugl1 l ll1at m ake t1f c1rn1pnsilio11 a11 art
in it.-.; elf with :t f1ill lu1dy of pri11c·i1 1lc·s -- l:tws and
licc n:-;es and li111it:ttio11s.
As a.n ex: tlllj ik of s i111p l1 · dl',.;e ript io11 l<tk1: t li e foll owin g from Natli:111i• ·l lla\\'tltorn e :
c;J:Al'>l>FAT lll-:B"S CIL\ ll L

Tl 1t• clt :tir in wli i,·lt Cr:111 df;t1lt•·r sal. "" " 111ad1· .,f toak. wlii cl 1
!tad g-row 11 d a rk "illi ag-1•, h lli. had (.,., .n rnl.J ... d :111d J•toli :< lted
Lill it. s!to 111· as l1ri ,c; l.t. as 111:tl 1".t.:a11 .\'. IL 1\' as 1·.. r.1' larµ;t • and lll·a1'y
and lia d :L l•:ll'k tl 1af rn:<•· li iµ; li a).,, ,.,. (:ra11dfatl1 .. r's wl1it e h1·ad.
'l' lii s hal'k \\'a~ e11ri1111 :-.I ,\· l'an·,·d i11 op1• 11 work . so as to 1vprt st •t1i
tl o WL'l':<, a.11,J fol ia g"• '. a11•l ••l lwr 1l•·1·ic••s, 11 l1il'h tl1 t1 e hild re 11 had
ofle 11 g az•·•l a l, l111L '"'"Id ""'"'' l' 11111lt·rsl:t11d whaL tl11 ·y 111ea11 t.
0 11 th" 1·1·1·y Li1 ~L"I' .. r tlw ,.) ,a ir, or"r 1111· lll'ad .,f <:r:u1dfatl11!r
l ii 1u :-w lf', \\'a:-\ a lik1·1 w:-;:-; u f a li1111's lit•:ul. wl1i1 ·l1 l1 ad :-\ t1 1·! 1 a =--a\'a~e
g ri11 t haL yc.u wu11lcl al 111osl t·x1.,·ct. to !war it. gn1wl a11cl ~11arl.
Tlie clti ldru u had ~•·e u C:randfaLl1er 8ittiug iu this chair t'Yer
1

they co ul 11 n ·111•·1nl.,•r :u1yt.hi11g.

ET<'.

-J'.1

!'.. rliaps t 1..- y11111 1g1·r nf

I.hem s uppoti•·1l that he :u11l t.ltu e lt: Lir had "' ""'' i11 l" I J,.. ""rid
toge th er, a11 d LltaL l •uLh had always ],..,.n " " ol'.I a~ 111"'.' ""r". """"
At t] 1i,; tilll t ', h uwt•1·1·r, it. h al'l''''"'' l lo lu· tl>t' l:1 s l11 1111 tor lad1t•s '"
!~<lorn Uwir ,J rawi11 g-roo n1 s 11·it h tlll' 11l11"sl. a1><l .. dd• ·st. ··hai r:< 1! .:11
coul<l l•e fo1 t11 1l. H sP">1ll'd t u """sin Clar: t that , i f th" "" hdi ""
could ha\'<.' s(•< ·n (;ra11tlt'atlw r's .,}d ,·h a ir. tlw .I' 11·pti\•l hal'• ' t l.. 111 ,c;lit
it worlh all t.lll: n ·:<t toget.J1 .. r. :-;J,.. ""'"""n·1 l if it. 11·" r" 11<•L ,.,.,.n
older lliau (;ra11dfathl'r lii11'"•·lf, :u1d lu11 ,;... J t.11 J;i1101\' ,.it "'"'"t. it..;

history.

In t1 1e :tl >ov1· st,ledi .. 11 th1: lirs l p:tragrnpli is 111 1n· h·
d escript.i VL· ; Lli i.; s1•t'll illl is 11 11 ly i1 1din ·..tly ""· i- ·i 11g :i
' fanciful \l':l.)' of dW L' lli11g llj>lln !ht' a g t: and ;L11tiqt1l'
appear a 11 l.:e of t li e cl 1a i r.

EXl·: l{CISE X\'II.
MECllANIC ,\L ('0:\TIUVAN<'l·: S, :-;('JJ.:\TIFH'
M J-:NTS, ETC.

l\STl \l '-

In Ll1 e hst e xl'r<' ise we l1 an dkd 1Jt.scrij>lio11 111 a n·n·
'g encnil W<lV· Tltl're was 1111 atl1·111pt t•• 111:1.k1· it, <'X hausti,·e. St rikin g feal11n·s alo111 : wen: sL·l•·"\<'11. a11d
those pe rl1 aps fr11111 o!ll.)' 011t:, <·xtt: rnal point. ,.f 1· 1< , w.
H ere th e pr..hkn1 is soniewli:Lt diff<'l'l'i1l.
I ia\' P t I"·
ohjeel before yo11, tlll'n try(" rnalw yu ur d esnip t i1111 .. r
it so a L:l.: Ul'ate a111l 1·lllltl'lcle tli :1t. an y OIH' n1a y gl'l, a n·a sonahly l"k<tl' t'< llH.: q>l ion of il, e \Tll t l1011 gl1 lw l1:Ls
n ever se e n iL This will rn·1·L·ss ital 1: li11di11g· di s ti1ll'ti v1·
nam es for tl1e \':Lrio11 s p1lrlio11s t>f tli e 11l1j, ... t.
S11 t·l1
narnes tlo nol alw:ty:-t e xist; or if t.111 '.Y d .. , 11111'-ss \\'t'
h ap]Jen to lJ1' ve ry \\·1·11 :tc·q\l:ti n teJ witl1 t l1e ol1jL·l'L and
its use, th ey du no t rea.tlil y :-;ug-gest tlw111sl'lvl's to us.
N otice \l'l1al freqtH~ ll t use <lll :L\\·k wanl dL·sni l11 •r mak es

... ·,..

50

DI-:St:J U

!'Tl< 1N.

of t.lie words thing, pirN~, affai r, 1:ontrivance, etc., words that ha vc no spcei tic meaning and scare(' 1y h elp
t li c !lesniption along- at all, sin c1: their val11c for conveying <1eti11itc id eas is virt11ally 'llil. Nutict· too how
s11 ·1 1 <t desc riber, if lie is talking, makes use of any
artide that may l>e at h:uH1 to illnstmk his m eaning.
1f lie is :tL the dinn e r tal1lc, knife and fork, c up and
s;weer, s:tlt-eellar a1Hl to nth-pi eks, will all he presseu
into servi ee t o lll:tke up for tl1e lh:iil'it!tH:ies nf l:mguage.
Trnl ee<l i11 dl'scripti(ln of th e kind hert~ c111 1t emplated,
:t kno\\'lc' dge nf kehnit·al ll!n11s is altnosL i11 dispens;dJle.
For inst all<'(\ if yo11 h:n·1! to dt'Sl'l'ilw all air-pump, it
will sinq.!ify thl' 111atll'l' v<·1·.r 1u1H'l1 if yo u ea11 use,
\l'itl1011L furl l11:r W<j1Li11alion, s11t:li t1·rms as i:!Jlinder,
pi"lu11 , 111/fl'1'. To dPs1'1'il1e 011e of ih0 more compl ex
kinds of sl1·:1111 en gint's 11r l'k<:t rical il y 1ia.1nos, ruq11ires
great famili:u·ity with tlie t1·rn1 in ol11gy of nH:c l1:rni cs.
l\11 L ll'i1al1·vt·r _n111r n11·11 knowledge lltil.)' lH', y1111 will
still 11:1\'t' to lak e i11le1 l·onsid1·rat ion ilie al1iliiy of your
readt'rs 11r l1ean·rs t o 11ndersta11d. If they have not
yn11r :\.\'q11ai1Jta11ce witl1 tl1l·su it-1·huit:al tenns, then
lJotJ1 t]1py and _l'<lll lllW<t. he Ct llllCll i with SllCh imperfect
co n ce pt ions ;ts are to he d<:ri veil fmm gencm.l terms
whi ch am u1or1: 11·idl'l.\' intellig ible though necessarily
iess exnd . En·n \\·l1l'll lioth write r <lllll r ead e r l1avc an
illii111:tt1 · kn1111·h:dge C1f t li e e x a.ct terrns, anJ d escripti on
n :a cltcs it.s 11i gl1(•st perfn:iion, st.ill drawings and ph otogrnphs an· al1n11st i11ili spellsahl e adjnnel.-;. \ Vit.1wss any
l1ook or m agaz in e dc\·ok!l l.o tl ie "!'Cl'ial sc ie n ces.
Thern arc C'e rtai11 t1·rms, o nee eo n:-;id crcd i<,clrnical
perhaps, wl1i1·h t•Hhy sl1011lcl constitute a part of every011e·.s voe rdJtil:try, whether he be specially edu cated or

BUlLl>lNGS, TOWNS, ETC.

not. L ever, co,r; , pii•ol, lens, may be instan cc<l. Falllilja.rize yourself with su ch a.s e<triy '"'" possil>ll'; it will
make you a more j 11 t,clli gcn t liste11 cr an cl n :;tder a.ntl il
more in telli gi lJle talker au<l writer in eve ry dq1:trl111 e11t
of modern life .
The following are suggestecl as goo1l ohj<·(·t-; to lie
descri.Letl: A Needle Tlire<Ltler, Carp\'! :-;1n·tl'l1 er, Scroll
Saw, Bicycl e, Viuli11, Steam Engine, Air P11mp. Hefracting Telcseopc, Co111po un1l J\·li <:rnscope.
:'lfa11y
others will r eadily uec ur to you.

EXEHCISE XV!Il.
B UILD I N<:S, TOWN~, ETC.
S11l'.j('1·t s :

My Home.
Grandfather's Hn.nclt.
My Dirtlq•laCl'.
The O ld : :>cl1oo lhoust• .
. Thll City 'V aterworks i-;y~t.. 111 .

The \\' 001<·11 l\I ills.
Tho: \\' li a lt·loac k :-;1ea111<·r.
T l1<• (;;;n\o •n C'ity.
,\New E11 i.; la111l llalll ll'I .

vV e must recognize two fundam e ntally fliffcre11t .
cla.sses of tleseript.ive writing. Roughly speakiug Wt'.
may c;tll the one Scient.ific, the other Literary. The
fii'l:it aims to give an exrtct pieture of things its tl1ey are,
the secoml <Lims to give a gooJ picture of things a.s
they appear to he . The olijed of tbe .fi 11't i~ to explain
and inform, tltc ohjcct of the :;econd is to 111tcrest arnl
please. The fii1't 'm fty be c?mp~rc<l to. <L ylwtograph,
the second to a. m ore or less ideahz crl p•u11twg.

Dl ~S( "

l' H.O C l·: ssES OF MA.:-; l ' l'Al"Tl ' I : E.

IU l'TI< >i".

In Exercise XVI. tl1e desc riptio ns w ere not
to c it.l1 c r ki1Hl, tl1011gli Lhcy wnul<l prnhrtl1l .r be r;Lthcr
of the forml'r tl1a 11 of tli c laLlt:r. Naturally ma11y (lesnipt io 11s 1rill p;irtak c of th e <:l1arnd e ris(ics of hoth
('hssl's. 111 Ex e rc isl) X\' 11. tlwy \\'e re s tr il"ll y t1f Llic
sl·ie11t.i lie chss . ! 11 tl1l' J>l'l'H'ld, l"Xt.:rl·ise agai11 tlit'Y will
not. bl! li111ill'<l to eitl in l'lass, tl1011gl1 t h ey will l..:a11
t.01,·;m] tl1e lil\'ra n ·.

:\I 11 .. 11 di']><'lids 011 tli l' s 11hjt·d s\'lecl<'d . I f yo11 ,· ]1111>se
a fal'lor.r or a 11 v1r sl'l11 1<>ll1tJ1l><t', yn u ca11 d11 litt le 11wrc
!lia.11 gin· a dl'laill·cl dl'sc ription of tl1<! ln1 il di1 1g . Tl1e
s 1il1jt•d Jt. 11ds i(s,·lf only lo tl1e plai11c,.;t ki 11d o f (reatlll l'lll. , \11 arcl1ill'l'I <'01ild give a stri dly "s('ie11tifi c "
dl'><Cripli<•n ; 0 11 <' 11·itl11111t l1is k 11 01vkdgt' all(] L'Xperie nce
w o uld haxc t11 he cn11tt'.11L " ·itl 1 s01n e ll1i11g less e xac t.
On tlic other hand, if yo n l"ltuose lo tlcscrihe y our l1 o rne
or the old. sdll)olhousc in \\'hid 1 yon l1 a\'C spent 111:my
yea rs, a t·huusaml mcnwril's and a~so c iati o ns will co nspire to l1ri g liten up tl1c so llllirc t in t" and soften tl1 c
l1arsli li11cs anll lend lieaut.r a1Hl g r;tce to the l1 o m e liest
fl':ilure;;. Y o11 ('<ill l1:irdh k l'e jl you I' 11crso11a lity from
<'J1 l l'l'i11g i1Jto ;t1 1•l id1 ·:tli.zi11g· sl i\'li <L d l'snipliw1.
N<Jr
will }<Ill l1u expc<:te t! lo du s11 . Tlii>< is 011e of tl1c
t"l1arac l(·r isl il·s "r "''" lH'sl .~· · 1111int· li lt:rat11re . Jt. is nol
llleanL t l1aL yu11 sli:111 lie i11;1\'<'t 1rate or un t ruthful, 011ly
tl 1at you ,;!Jail 1H1 L lll' 111·t·H ·t1ri011s for :wc uracy, a n(l in
partirular tliaL y111 1 shall 110!. :st. riv e, to !li e c x c1 11sio n of
l1ctter tl1i11 g·s, fo r ah,;0] 11 te l'Olll j1l de 11cs>< of d etai l.
Tl 1l: <l< ·s\· riptin11 s ma y wel l Le 111 ad<· from lll l' lllOI'}',
witl1011l l1a1·i11g· till' ol>jl·<·l lu ·fo rc yo n.
Head :L>< an exa mpl e ll:Lwll1t>rne's d1·sni[>tion of 1'/11; (J/,Z jlJ" nx,,. 1n
tl1e followi1 1g rnu,kl, tl1oug-li tl 1e la nguage a nd c0 11-

strnction am not al1rnys the hl'st that. 111i gl1 t. J.1: 1·l 10,;c1 1.
the ,~ x p rcssin H is silll't·n: :11111 th e fee ling t l1:1 L i11,.;1 1irt'< l

it wa.'i c Yitl l' 11tly guHui ne .
1\

('.\Ill N.

J\ 11 tla,· "''' f11 \\,,\\' .. .J a dark wi11.J i11 ;..: 1•all1 \\lii .. li J.. ;, .b ii.I " tJ,. .
'\\":I 11·"
l \ 1.l !·
\ llllt

• ll'ri0
• 1'
1H

•l_I 1·

g1ca11 1

· \"lg·l l t··
[ :--llll

u

(' II u11t". , \\" ·1
"i t 11 '" '"·1 .,· il,
• ·, l1i1"''""
:-..
,
.\•u 1·1• ·' ! , . wl1ii<·
d1 "'""11di11 .>:: """ ~i.J1• "!'
.

a
a

·

gul cli , Uu · n~ nJH'llf' 11 tu 11 :-; a :-:t r1k111~ ~1 ; 1• 11 1·.
. .
ln tli(· \\·1104 ):..; hv\11w 11s \\";t :.:. ;1 t·l1 ·ari11 .t.!". :-;11rr1111 11 d 1·d L_, a \\ ; 111 •t'
<l e n~e l'Vt'l' )~Tt't' \\ :-;.
.\t. tlw l11dt\1111 11f tlw g 11 kl 1 lri1·k i,·d ;1 ~ir1 · :1111
o( S \\'et•l, JllUll llltli ll \\al1·J' .
111 tJ 11• 111w11i11 g u!\ tli1· rqq•c1:--i !1• :--id1• ttf
1

tiie

~t rt •at ll \\"a:.:.

l11•d

<L-

covt· n·il lugs a111l

l 1rt1:·d1

\ 1a11

·

ut"

;..!'ra:.:.:.:..

l l 1·n·

a11d

1ilt'n'

\\ 1·r1•

Pld

11 1" ._-..;.

pile,..;,.
.
1
]'lu·11, a:-: 1111 r i·y1·:.:. f1dlu\\'t•d 1lw i·a t\ 1 wl1ich kd 11p tl1 1· !>j 1j10:-- ll ·
,
...
.
,,
..
..
Jit,
s.i
1•·ht
of
a.
:--111;1\l
1·al1ill
whi
ch
:-ll'l' ll1t'1l !11 l w ~t: 1111 l 1 11
I
, ,

'-

n

L•

I"">

•

•

·I I lg till l, t' I ·II 1 I , 1111· "·
1111· ,, f tlw lii ll. I L\\':<'. 111ade 11! l• .. ;irds \\'lll<'li
.~
liail het'll 111 a1111 f:ll'l11n"l \\·itlt<HIL a " "''111ill, :llld tl"' "'"."' """'" t."
to t he <'ronnll ,o t.liat. it. ],.,,1;, .. 1 lik1• a !'"tat" l11°11s•'- .\ J.,,,·,. 11
1i 1·• lirs' wlii .. !1 \\'ith sw asi11
>:: lora1wll<'s tl1n·al ]" 1 1I,. 1:"',,-1....
:-,' 111
·
..,
._
t
etH:<l tn fall 1111 llil' lilll1· ral •i11 a111l 1H1ry iL
j\ ~ we :il•J •l'uat:1 11 ·d Wl' ~aw that tl11· .. alii11 had 1'"" ' '. r"rP11th·
<l<·Hc rte<l, :Lil.I we inf1·rred fru 111 tl"' ax<'" a11 d saws " 111 1· \1 \\.,.,.,.
8cat.t.('l'<'d hl'rt· :u1d tlwrt· t!taL t.Jt,, .J,. ,1•rti1111 li «d \,. ... ,, :• 11:1 , ty "' ""
I
tl. "'ra111· 1t i'I · 1':1 1' 1" i11t 1' t\w
The J,.11eli11"'" (,.\.] tlw ,;l"r.\·. I>""'"I'"
woodti tu tieek :t. fu rtllll l' and \\'c1 1L ullL Lu Heck'-' \\'i fe.
i owen~1

~(I

I

EXEIWI~E

\.IX..

ritO<:ESf'ES ClF !\J ,\\\"F .\\ "l'l ' l:l·: ,\ i'.:I> ('C>\STl:I \ 'Tl<>\.
S11/~j, ·1· ts :

Jluw tu J\lal«· a \\'il low \\' liisLl1·;
" Fl oral Dc,;ig-11 ; " l\i l"; ''
1'ltol11>::r:q•h H1· r,.iY<'r.
A Ilolll e-1\ la dl' 1\ q11ari11111.
A Su ~ee,-,-flll Halil1it, Trap.
I low Paskhoanl B<1x es an• M:11l<"

Tl1m11g!t tl11' l'11it1 .. I Stal<''
i\ I i II t.
:\ 11

I111provi:·w 1l ll a. 111 1111 H:k.

I low t.o l'11t. I : pa S \\ i11;..:.
,\ Yi siL t.o Litt· \\'a ic lt Fa d""Y ·

l'J:U C E~SES
UE~CHlPTlf

(>F ::llAl\ U F.At'TIJH~~ -

1;>;.

\V e l1av e see n th;tt t.h cre are ki1Hls of narrative romposiLioll that pa.rtake 111orc or less 11f tl 1e rmture ol
d cscripti o11 . lien; we l1ave ;t spel'll'S (1f 1lescriptive
l'fl ll1['0siti(l ll tl1aL l1urdl·1-s 011 11arrat io11. I !e re aelioll
;uid t i111 e a.n : ag:1i11 ('"W'['i<'111111s ch·1 11e11 t.-;, olll} it is
acLi1>11 pnHh11 ·i11g <L l'0111 plex, mate rial rl's1tlt.. If we
(lea! pri111arily 11·itlt tl1l' al'lors, ur 111ak e1-s, 011r t·o1npositiu11 Sl'l'lllS t11 lw t'S>'l'lltial h · 11;11Tativu ; if Wt' de:d
primarily \\·itl1 tl1t' tl1i 11 g,.; ad l' d 111><•11 , or 111ad1·, ll11 ·11 it
is l'SSl'llti:llly d1·sni11tiY1:. B11t. iL is of little use Lo e11d L·avDr :il11·ay,.; 11 1 kt'l 'j> tl11; 11' 1'111>' di st i111· L Tltl'Se (:nr1sid!' rat io11,.; \\·ill 111t •n·ly 11!' 11' to fix tl11 : f1tllda11H·11tal
.Jj,.;t,irll·tion. · Tl1e la11·,.; of dis<·1111r,.;e and tl1( : l'imra e t.eri stil'.'i of s tyll.' :m· 11 0L Ji1nit ed to tl1is (I f' that. ki nd 1d' eurnpo,.;ilion. Clt.:a r11 t·,.;s, Furn·, alld J\eauty. l1ave a;; 111ul'h
1.Ja.ce i11 o ne kill<l as in arwtl l!' r. 011 e, a,; anol lH'r, ma y
lie illll'n·,.;t ing (lf' dull, sul1lirn e l!l' ridie11lo11,.;, l111mon111s
or patliet ie.
Tu tell l1ow an :trlicle is l!lad1· will 11ftl'11 11 ceessil<ttc
d1:snil1i11g it s rnri1111,.; parts, 1111(, ll1is i11 t11rn will prob:tl ily rnak1: it 11 1111 t:('l'>'Sar,r t11 d1·scri J,.. tlll' ar til'll' a,.; a
fini,.;li l·tl wli11 ll' ; tl1; tL \\'i ll l1a.\'l' lw1·11 done well t:ll1111gl1
a lread y.
.l1Hl1· l' d it 1,.; a \'\ 'IT <'111111111111 reso 11n·u Ill
cl ese ril,ing all lll•jn·t, to td l li()w portion,.; ll( it we re
1·11 ll s t.n1d ed, a.11d if y o11 l11ok ove r Llie des1.: riptio11 ,.;
yo1 1 l1a v1' \Hilte n yo1 1 wi ll ]'l'11l,al1ly tind in;,;ta11 1:1.:s 11f
t.l1is.
1\ lrnlels 11f tl1is l\i11d of writi11g will be of littl e :-;ervi ee .
lf y ou know l1ow to makt· tli e arlit·le ynt 11-s<:lf .nlll liavn
o nly tu seek tln: l1l',.;l wo rds an(l :-;imple:-;t fon11 11la,.; l>y
wl1iclr Lo give a cl <:a r nphn:d ion of t he process to
anutl1er. ( :l< :arn e,.;,; i." tl 1e Oll\) thing to lm song lrt,

and tlie k:-;t 11( ex1:ell<-1w1: \•; ill lie U1e a.l1ilit y 11f tli1:
rertikr to mak e ,.;11t·l1 a11 a.rti1 ·1e fr11111 your 1lc>'l'rip t i1111
iilon c .
J( 11 \l' \ ' \'l ' l' it. 1s of le 11 d1·,.;iral1IL· tt1 des1·r ilie 1·1·rtai11 1111usual pr1wi·s,.;1 ;,.;, 11r tlll' 1·1111,.;tr1ll·ti1111 .,f u11Llll1il: :1r 1111jcct.s, 1iot " ·itl1 a.11 y i11tt-11t.i1111 .,f 1·11al.!i11g •L11 11tl11·r t•'.
imitate Llll' 111·rn·es,.;, l111L ,.;i11q.ly f11r t.11<' J' lll'i"'"" ot
affonli11g· i11 ,.; tl'lll'li1111 11r 1·11tertai111111:11t. a11d gT;itifyi11 .t.:
an ;1 ] 11 w,.; L 1111 iY1•r,.;;i\ <·11ri11:-;it y to l1 car ,tJ,.,ut, tl1:iL \\· l1i .. l1
is stmng<" Tli1: follo\\·i11 ,g· j,.; a ll 1·:-;_:tll1jd1: of ,.; 11cl1 ;t

i'

d cseriptio11.
llHl ·: .\I J ~l.\l\l :\ l:

1:\ lll.\:\

J\lull ~ to ward s 111i :·w l . uf ;t, hid, ,...; 111111 11l'r af t 1·r1111011
sa1111 l 1· r 1 ·d
do wn to 1Ji., [11di a 11 ,; ' 111 11 ,; ;111 d 11alcl 1o ·d tw .. 1<1 1na w:< "" 11"' J,a 11k
of the ri\·l· r 111 ak i 11g- :11.. ·11 r11 l 1rt>ad. 'l'lw_y l1ad :st•I, 11p :-.•1111 1 • larg- 1 •
\Vil! 0 \\· 1n111 gli;-;

Iii pr1tl1 ·1·I

! lw11 1 fr1>11 1

t!w

:-; 1111, :11 1d 1!1°· ......

f1·r11wd

:1 n

e ffect i\·t· l1:ll'k ;..: rnu11d ft11· th•· r ;l'..!" :..~:···L dirt.\· f11r111 .. .; 11f l l H· • .;. 1 . . . , ; li :t\\ ·-. .

By asking 111 a11 y q111· :-. fiu11 s I tin .ill y old: 1i11 1·1I fn1111 l l w111 llw

J

1

r111.·•·:-.:-o

of I ndian l1rc·aJ 111aki11g-.
JL ta.ki·s tw u da y~,

OllL' !<1

then i and h:d;l' tit:: 11w:il.
w i th ~ an d aiid

\\· a l 1• r

n,lwa,ys u :·w, a11d is

tot.lit~
a, 11 <1

}1idte1n1.

tl1i· 11

i 11

g atli1·r tilt'

:-.~ ·n1111l

:u·111·11 :', a

1(1

i!:ri1 11l

,\ fto-r tit" .~ ri11di11 i.:» 1IH· f(,..,,. i, '""lwd
a w:d1·r-ti~l1L l1:i ;-;k1· l ,

alluw1·d

11)

:--11 1· !1

. 1."'i

sta nd 111itil tlh · san d l1a:-;

?\1•x t , f li1 · hq• i s po11n·d ,.ff i1il 11

int.o th is a n· thr11 ;-;t. i11 t1· 11 s1·l.v l11it

l1 11li: 11 1-.
:-i1· t! l1· d

a 11o t lwr 11:1 .·d.; 1· !.

whi c h t'<ut:--1· t i w

:--lnllt'S,

rnixturn to 1111l1ld1: :11111 h oil a s tlto11 ;;·h :• fi re w1·n· t·11,.ki 11 ;.; ii.
J\fkr it It:"' lw1·11 lo<> il1·d rl n11·11 1u a lhick p:t .'-'1" it j.; " ' : i11 11 "'
riv 4:r 111 •·did, a 11 1l wlw11 eoul t • 111>1i;. .~l 1 to l1 a1 1dl ii i... J"td i,.,! i1d 11
1

•

small l<>:1n •,; and ng·ai11 l'"t. i11to t.lie rivPr to !tart!""·
·_rhc

J 11

·":'d, as I saw it, "·a s uf a. pinklt'lh r1 l11r a11.I J, .,,k,·d
1

s uni ci., 11 f.! y t1.•Jt1['ti11.~.
was l'< ' l""'t.1·cll.v 111·g•· d 111 ta:<t" ii . ).,ti
wli<• ll T ~In 11 ct•d at t he ;;q11aw ~ · ha1111" l fl' it c.,11,-1 rai1,..d lo
decli1w.

.....

{j(j

DJ·::-;c1; 11•T1u;-.;.

EXEHCI :-;E
1\ATl i H ,\L

OB.JECT~.

- T iii·:

]': ATU l\.J\ [,

:'\.~.
~11.'\EHAL

1\1?\(;])():\f.

S11f~j,.rls :

?\ cw E1 1,e:l;111d (;ra11il1•.
Y a ri1, ti .. s (l f ~l a rl 1 l l' .
.\I iea.

Tahl t' ~ alt.
1;11Jd i\li11i11g·.
'l'rPas11rr·s fru111 I he ~alltlJ'il.
c;,•1ns :wt] l' recio118 !':'t o111.:s.

No douh t so111e knu11·ll'dg"L' uf gt·olugy or n)i11cmlogy
\\"lllil(l "01itrilHit1: 111111.:lt tu\\"anl gi\'i11,:_:· a11 intri11si1,; va.hw
tu dl'snip tio 11s of t l1is 1·bss. B11t i11lri11si c vahtc is 11 ot
just 111iw ll1 c 1111 e tlii11g- 111'1·df11l. \\'1: arc writin g
E11g-lish - \\Titi11g- it. l)('\':111,;1· \\·e l1 111H.: ;o;()ll H! day to
\l'rit(' il \\'1• 11, v1•r.\' 11·l'll, a11d hl'1·:i11s1: \\'1' know that
cn ·ry :-:1·1!11·111'\' \\' C ll"l'il1·, "I'"" wl1;1l:-:11(·1·1·r :-; 1il1jed,
n1ak\'s tl1 e 111·xl s11l1j1T l l':lsi t' I' ;111d l1dkr. \\Tu wa11L
11ral'!i!'c !Po i11 1111' 1·;iri1111:-: lil'lds of cornposili()ll, i·wi u11t.ili 1: :i:-; " 'I'll as litnary.
Nu\\· if yo11 ]i; t1·1· Ill) st1<Ti:il k11owkdg-l' i11 tliis line,
tilt' :i!l1•111pl t.11 11Ti!1· i11 it \\'il l s1il1s1·rn: anothl'r 1·11tl iL will l1l·l11 t11 .i..:·in: yo11 that. k11u11·l!'dgr. It, will :-;pur
yo n ou an d 1·p111pl'I yo11 t11 karn. H11(, learn for yourKl'lf :1.11d 11.1· v1111rs1·11'; tln .1·1111r n\\·11 i11 vesLig ati11 g . Not
Pnly will tl1is lie Y:t,; tl y 111<1n: 1•r11lital1lc· fn>111 eve ry
poi11L pf l"i1·\1·, 1111!. it, will Ill' i111 ·11 11111:1ral1ly 11111ru i11!cn.:;-;t.i11g: Y"" 11·ill li11d. g1·1111i111· 1>l1·:1s11n' i11 11l1,.;1·rvi11g
:11111 n ·1·nn li11g; wri t i11g 11·i\l 111..: tr;111sf1•l'lfll'tl fru111 :L
ilrudgny tn a tl,·Jiglit.
T\1 1.: wl1llle s1·1'J'l'L is t.liis: ( 111 !11 11111.J;:s, if you likn,
fnr yonr Jlallll'"· f11r y111 1r !1·r 111i111.J11gy -- it. i,.; well for

onJ ECT1' .

:11

us Lo oh,.;c rvc 1111ifc1n11itv i11 Ll1is res p1·,·L - hu L .'/I} to
nature f or y o11r f1~1·k \Vrite wha t you sr1\ :t11 r1 il
rna.y ev e n lte t li;1t you will writ-l' ,;0111\'t l1i 11 g of i11t.ri11si1:
worth, for 11ot everything ha..-; yl:t lJl'l' ll see11 . \\.rite
wliat you ;-;ee for yon 1-:-;clf: t11m; only will ycrnr 1\·ork
be i11Leresti11g, th11;; 011l y w ill it l1(•ar tl1e i111pn·ss of
sincerity :111cl convii:t.in11, and co1ne Lo hav e a 11 tlio ritY
among m e n .
Th e followi1w 011Lli1H' is uxLrnctcd fn1111 H;t11cnn:w·s
D P-'cripti1w ]l!i1~rafo.rJ!/ a 1111 will suggt"sL a Jlll'tho1l of
procerhn·c for the d e:-;cription of oth e r mi1wrak < >f
cour,;e in writing an es,.;:ty, this ahurev ia!.l'll 1 ·: 1talog11.~
styl e mu,.:t ;10t hr 11se<l . L et rvery sr11Lc11C'<.: lw co111i>lcte in it.-;rJf :incl Id the111 all l1c con 11 eck<l a.-; ,.; 111 n11tlily

<ts possibl e.
!>IA

~!<IND .

Fornt 01 ,,/ S1r11.-fw ·1 • .-Cry~l a ls <:1il•it'; wit Ii hrilli:i 11t. fact's;
facc•s 1.iU.t-tl; fa<···~ ~lrial•"l or ('111'\'l"l; tra11~pan·11f , lra11sl11 cl·11t.
Lustn', ad:i111:inti1w.
Cul11 rh_·:-;:-:, or i11 t.i11l:-' pf f.{ray, yell
l•row11 , ]'ink , or hlilt', t11t• lnil· ·r Ji,.i11g tJi,, r:irc•"t . l l..fracti'"'"
St.rn11 ,e: <'hro111ati<' di~1-.. ·r si 11n, <'a1 18ing n. J.rilli1111 t play o( colnn'
wl1 e 11 focetl'd . .lk co 111 1·~ positi\"l'ly electri c J.y fri. :fio11; 11fl t· 11 pli11sph orcsce 11t nfler expo" 1re to s1111light.
C"l"f"'-' ilinn . - Car\w n, wit.h lllin11l e tr;wP s nf f.,1-.·i g11 ""'Ht.r111 ce~.
InfnsihlP.
n1't' lllTe ll l'I' 11it1l 1Jistril111 tio1;. - - F u1111 d in Brazil. tl11 · l "ra l. l 11dia .
Auslrali:i , Hon1t;o, a nd So11t.h Afri c::·• ; Il1 e first and l:"I l11(" a liti"'·
esj•'t'iall y UH, lat.ti·r, J,L•i1'!; tlie 111osL ['l'Oducti1-.· a t. 1•1"t·so'l il . 111
Soni.Ii Afrit'.a t.!11: l'rod11 .. ti n: lnl'aliti1·s am (] 11, gr:"·"b o f 11 .. , \ 'aal
and ()range r i\·t · r~, and 111ore parti c ularly clykPs ur pipt':-\ uf d1•1
) \\· ,

c.ornp1lsi 11 g ig1wo us rnl 'k:i JH'J !f'lrat i11 g- ~e hi H ts.

'l'l11·se 11a\' e 11uw

],,. 1. 11 worked Kl' 1·eral li1111drL·d f, ... t, lwl11w 1Ii .. s1 1rfa"" witl11111l g'l'ftin~ to undt• c1rn1posed rock.
Tl11, dia11111111ls an· fu 1111d irrc·g 1il:1rh·
int1·rs1)(' rsed tlir 0 11 g li ii , a11d 111ay lie au urigiu:tl co 11stit11 .. 11t , 1.,,1,

..

.-.~

,,!•·

J)E~CH

t.!tc g; '1wrnl op1 111o n o( local i1n•1·sLigat.o r g is t!tnt. Lhey have been
,h•rin~ d

( ro 111 o lde r r oc k s h<·low.
Th e brge s L k11own dia111 o nd 1s sairl to he in B 0 rn('o, and t.o
w .. ig h L :i r; ; c:1rat s or 1'.' ~ · I Troy g rains.
Tl11• Pitt., a c u L h r illi rtn t,
is t>f 1:rn ea ra.1';. Tl11· l\"li -i-:\ oor i11 flit' m ig i11 a l o r iPnt.a l s hape
wa s ] 8 () , lwL ha s 1" ·•·11 l'l'dtt e<·t! tu a hrilli n nL of 1'.'4 carnLs.
]\lan y l:trg" rry,dals li:I\·., lu·e n di ., <'on·n·tl of late yearn in So ut.h
Africa.
ffH. Tl11 , ..Jti..f ' """ uf dia1tt utt d is fo r orn ;11 tt•• 11La l purpose:",
t.he c ry stal.' lw i" g n·dt1<'1"l l 1y cutlin[;" or g rindin g wit.It di n1tto 1td
d11st. upon fL l:i p idary ·s whe1·l t.o a 1l11 td.J e py ra1tt id a l form, ut1 sy 111-

111e t. ri <'al t o till' h:t sl' , lH'ing 1•o i11 k d al o ne e ttd , ;u td wit.ha la rge flat
stt r faeo at f}i ,. o tlt 1• r , as itt ltt··11 1i11111rpltic crysta ls.

Thr· py r am id i8

c uL wit It tll\' larg es t. nttinhe r o f fa ce s pc•ss il.\1', to "l 1lai 11 a. ma x i11tt1t1t of 1o t:t l rd l1·cl i11 g- snrf:tc' <'S; th• • s to ne is nt o 111tl e1l w i t h t he
Hat. sttrfa1· c· tl j• J><'rrtt os l. Tltt·Sl' an• kn tl\\·11 a s l•ril li:rn ts , ;,iutl c;,in
u nl y be ,,l,t:ii tt1· d fron t \\' e ll -sli:t )'<' ,j c rys tals . Tltt•St: of less regular form :tr•· <' tt l as r o,;es , in \\' lti ch tlt l' s tt rfrt ce is co ,·e red wit.Ii
lrian g ttl a r fa1· ,·b, :rnd tlil' t l1in1 wst L\\·in s o r flnt cl«a\'<tge pi .. ceR

an' rn ad " in to ta l .\c,;, havin g- 01ily <L uarrow l •a nd o f fa cets o n the
~ id es .
.D ia1t1 0 11< b t ha t , f r1J nt \\':til l. o[ l11st n • o r dd1·cts 1 ca nn o t. he
c ut , are c:dlt-J l\ort. F or g bss-c ulting Llt ll a1w x o [ an oct.al 1Pd ra.l
c rysl11 I is n·q uire d, so as lo liavl' a solid ]"'inf. a r. l1 ·:n·ng-e frag1ne n t o r ot h l' r s]'lin l "r lwi1tg o nl y nsf'fttl for writi ng o r s c rat.chi n g .

E Xl ~ I WI ~E

DG

GEOLOG ICAL FCHtMAT I ONs.

I PTIOJS .

XXL

c;Jo:O L<J ( ;! ('A L FOIDL\TlO i\'S.

The ohjcct h ere again is to d,~se r i l>c wl mt t:tb ·s
place. The problem is analogous to that, of E x('rcisc
XXTV., the difference l1eing that h ere we dt"al \1·it.li
natural instead of artifi<,i<Ll processes . Sdt>d a s11l1j1·d ,
if possible, upo1t wl1icl1 yon eitn write partiall y a t kas t
from first-Jin.1Hl knowledge. \VateJi the pro1·<·sst•s of
inorga11ic n:tt urc; c xan1in c snow ('ryst.als, " ·att-11 t IJ('
fo rmation of ice, Llic e rosio n 111' l'•H·ks 1>y tlit: \1·a tl'rs 11 1' :L
creek, the se<l im en tary l1( :posi ts in Ll1c cn,cJ.;:'s Lc·(l. (fr
materi al may ]J(: ol1t.ai1te1l fro1n sin1ple cxperi 111e tds, suc h
as suspen ding a st.ring in a solution of sug:1r, :ts in tl11:
manufac ture nf rock-t.:a1tdy, or " cryst.allizi11g· ,. gr:tssl's
by dipping tl1em in a solution of sn.lt or alu111. Tl1 t•11
supplem en t yot1 r ow n k110\1·ledgc li.Y reeo 11rs1· (11 h1o k..;
on cl1 emistry, millL:r:tlogy, :uul geology; for t·xa1111il(•,
Bauerman~:-; Dt: .~crip l i1•1· j ).fi11l' ra l o!/.'f,

Dalia's 1llr111w1l

1:/

Geolum;, Shal<:r's Fir.,f Boi1/r in 0 eu!u.'1.'f, \\' i 1l<'l1eli ·. .
'I Valks anrl 1'alkH in t!w G1•f!/O.'fi1·0 / lr'il'f,/. ,'.,'! ;arks(,., ,," ,,
G cologi.,( s lfamml' r, 0 1·olof;iNrl .1':.n·11r.'< iun.,, all< l ( ,' ,•oloyical S tw lie,,.
Tlw followi ng ex tr:u.:t., froJ11 a "l1apter 011 tl11• J\ p1•1ication of t.he Ol >s<: rvati<>nal ·J\fot.hotl in T(~ i t\'li i ng, i11
Alexander \Vim:l1ell's 8/i1tll Ht;~ T ear·h C:1ofn:t,1/.'.' \1i ll
affc1rd man y hints ft1r tl1t' gathering of matl'l'i:tl for tl 1is
kinJ of eo111 pn:-;itin n-\niti 11g . l 'rofesso r \Vi 111·ltt·ll :-;tl]'poses the stud ent to lie Ill "a 11nany n·g i1111, a,; at
Pot.-;ll:trn, N . Y., Portland, C'onn., H1:n·a, 0., .Joli\'\, Ill."

,,

'

'

,\ Fi t't .v Fno t. \-!'l't ical Sv d inn
o [ Our

~oil.

Co al ]) .. pos it:<.

l '"t riL.wl i<> 11.
How Siot11•s Cru 11-.

.\ \' is i t to t li e St.o ne Q 11 nrry.
\\' a s hin g-t o n Cou n t y F oRs ik
Sys te ms o f Cryst al liz at ion .
Stal ad it• ·s a11<l Slal:tg111it,,H.

Y o u n o lil'C tliaL tl1 e r ocJ;,.. ,vJ1 ie h tltbe

\\' O rk111 .. 11

' 'i

ar" •1t1:irry i1tg

ti"'"'

lie i11 J.,eJs ur lay"rs . E:u·l1 , ,f
i" a s/rn/11111. Ti11• ' ' 'i""·" t i, , 11
b cb n ·en o n e s t ra l n111 and a.11 o lll\'r is g-c 1ll'rall y a Ye ry nar n rn· ti ." "'""'
or j oint. Oft 1· 11 , li\rn·1·\·,. r. y11 1t !i1ttl t.!11· j" i11 t. flll1·.J " ·itl1 ""'"' ' 11 tl wr
killJ of nia k rial. Tl1i; i; a .« 11111. Su 111d irn es t.ill, s•·:u tt i; u l " "

"

00

THI-:

DE:';CH ll''l'!0:-1.

C'a rth y ur claycy char:tcl.Pr. Som<>t.i mrs 011 <:> st.rat111n is so closely
joinc<l to :tnot !t1•r tha.t. one can scar<"!' ly say tli <' rc e xists cit.her seam
o r joi nt. (lJ ,,,.,._., , all t l1 is fo r yo11 rsp] f. C,.11,.rnlly yu u fi11d Rcver:tl
~f rahi i1 1 i111111Pd iatt • ~!l(' f' 1• s:-: io11 lt111d1 alik1·.
})p you N<'P ll1P-n1 so
l11• re? <Jr do yn 11 fi11cl a cl1·cid1«l ro 11trast of two rtdjoi11i11g st.rafa?
f 11 wh:lt cl or>s t IHe co11 t.rast cc•11sist. '? A re tliry of <1 i ffer<:> nt color?
Of different fi 111· 111'ss? Of diff1 •n•11t dP;::;rL'i'S of homoge neity, or
lik"m'ss of s11!1sta11 <·e fro111 sid!• to sid1•? C:u1 yu11 dd,•c t. :u1y li11es
n11111i11 g alo11 g· t !ie lirok<>H C'>lgt•s of a11 ,Y of th e st rata'( " "hat are
Lill',\' du e t.o?
\\"ha t r1•11d .. rs thl' 11 1 Yisild1 • a111l di ttt ing11i,h able?
These :i re li11 t>s of lr1 111i11rrti11 11. If w1· ha n: a sa111bt o11r here, perhaps ' r e shall 11111! sot 11<' lallli11a~ ru1111in g olil iq•H·ly across tl1e
li rokc n edge;; o[ ct• rta i11 strata. This is 11!1/ir1w• /<1111i1111ti11n. Look
at. "0 1111>. o( th''"' 11!0.. !" wl1i..!1 li:m · J,. ... n •111arri.·d; l•·ll 111e which
wa s

1!1P

11 pp(•r :-;idf• .

Iluw drn•:-o. tl11·

11 p 111.•1·

Fl:l'IT:i.

\\' tll:t.I>.

stone \\'c ar:-: a\Ya\· 1111 wh n 11 snr f:lrf'i'-\ Px po~ri il l11

---- Does it ~n:utlu' r ~ 111 uut l1 '!

j)p1 •:-;

it

\\'1•atl11.•r i1il 11 <'111wa \· 1·

l>tw :' i1 d1·\"1·li1p
1·:111.....:.1 ·d '"\'

n1.. . . t.\·

lhc• Wl'atlH·r.
d t·11r1 •:-:.;--.i1>11...;'!

~1w(·k."' <II' l)l1 1 l1·l11·t..,·)

i rn1 l i l ~ i ! .

FHl . lT:-'.

Ura11 g-.~.

l'i11t" -a1•\ .\>'.

,,

l ~l;t( · kl i;_' rry.
\ \ ' :t j,' t") l l''

!1

ti I

diffL'r fnn11 f.111'. lower

Kide't l>o lh4·~1· strata iii· i n :t liorizu11t a l prn·;it in11 '? l>o«;-; 1hi; n ppt~r
s 11rfacc pn•sc• 1d. an.1· i1w li11ati.,11 '! \\ 'l1at. a1 1g J,. do <'s it 111 ake wit.Ii
:t l1 o ri zo nt al plan•·'!
Is it fin• 1h•g n·1 ·s" In it. twe nty dt•g rees'I
Thi s an gle is 1Ji,. di1 • of tl1t' str:it11111. If""" i.' :111 :i 11 g l1• of ni111'1v
d"g rr•c•s l>et. w<'e11 t Ii is horizo11t.a r a 11t! I his pr·r1lt·11d ic u lar Ii 11e. lT alf
of ll1i H is a11 a11 g lc of forty fivc-d ..g rees ; and half o[ this is an

a ngle uf tw Pnly·twe1 a 11 d Oia)-ha H dt•gT Pes.

an gl r-.

\"1·:1;1-:T ,\llLI ·:

HP)irt 'i"t' n t. an a llg-l(' ol cle Y1 '1t dq.~Tet.·s .

H .e pl' t'!"'1·11L sucl 1 a11

'l'u\Ltrd \\ l1;d. di n~c­

tio n does thi s stratu111 dip '! l t ·is ";1 1tlJ\n·sf., J>t·rl1:q 1s. Tl1 e n the
strike is 11orthwPst and southeast. II ow thi ck i ~ t Ii i8 stratum?
,\l easure it with a rnl•'. ! l ow thiek is the next 011t•.'? Corne to
U1e wa ll of the q1 i:1rry :<11d 111t•as 11rf' its Pntire lu·ig ht. Sit ,]own
and nrnke a sk•·lcli n [ tl1is wall. l>i.<t i11 g 11 i.s h (•ach stratu111 exar:t!y
as it is. Pn·s,•n•e thl'ir ]'l"l!)'orlit111al thicknl'8SPS. n .. sc ril1e each
strnt.u111 sepa rately. l'<·g i1111i11g at tilt' J.otto111. LPt tl1 e Hl.rat:1 l.te
des ig nated A, 13, ( ', I>. <'le. 111 tl .. ;;c ril1i11g-. g i1«; ki11rl of rock,
color, texture, solidi ty, 1•11rity o r i11q1urity, ho111ugt: 11city or wa11t
o( it, tl1ic kn ess.
S tate wl1i d 1 st.rat.1 1111 is l11•st. ada j>te(I tu th<o 1rn.,~
l o w hi c h th <' :;to ne is applii'•i. A s J, ,.:iring o n tl1 t: 11 sc;;, yo u niay
t ake a frag 111e nt. 110111 <:> a nd we igh it in it,; na.t 11rnl co nrliti on I hP11 weigh it after dryin g as lo 111p lekly a~ yo n h1" ·e 111,•:rns for.
If yo u han< 11 0 ltal a 11c". gu t.c> tl1e apvt ll\'cary, o r 011 1it tl1is e xpe riment. Tlw11 al so wit h n·f,·r.·11 e" ft• 11'" " you ma y ol>He n ·P 11·h»th t> r

l'vLui y s 11 11jt ·('(:..; 11·ill n· ;1di ly <><Tlll'. :i1 1y 1111(· .,r 11·lii "l1
:l. rl1·,;1•J'i]'ti1111
11f l"t1IJ."i.{ 1· r;1J.J1·

will t1ff1·1' 111;tlt ri :ti J'.,r

''"',

l e ngLl1 .
l\('"11 i11 111i11d 11 l1:i!. j,; w .w t.cd, ;i1 1d Ln·]' i11
· J ti H' 111
· .1· 1111(· t 11111 l " 1·,·l\· 111 1 1·11111· 11w11 1il1,;1 ·n ·;11i t111 .
nun<
J\ v0id tl 1" sh·l1 · :111.i 11ll'ti1111 I 1l1 a l 11.1\·1· ill',.11 ·"" 1·1·1·\ ;il1·1it
t ii('
ill jl ! V l'lll· 1l' ( •ll!llJ>•>."I· t it>li.S It !' t Iii,; 1· L1s,;. 111 \I 1111 ·\:

writ.er 1icg·i11s, .. Tlwn.: an.: a ,g-1·L· at.111;111 y ki11il,; 11 1' <IJ•Jill's,
sueh a,s ; \"; S11ow-a.111il1..:, tl1t.: \Vi11L·sap , lii l' lk illl 11 11n,
etc.," a1!<l t.l1t~ 11 w :u1.1 t· rs t1f!' i11 tlw s1•1·"111I s1·1 1k11t'l' tn

som e slak111t·11 L al1 .. 11l. tl11 • 11...;1·,; .. 1· :q•1• k,; . :t 11d i1 1 tlw

.

,,

Lo s11111 e tlii1w e 11 tin·h
.. di!lt:re11.i still. S11(·l1 (.. 1111 pos i t.ions an: 11H :r c i·u!L·cti1111s of d eLi!' lli' d t!11111 .~· li1.".

t hird

. 11uu (. 111 11·1 y 11r ,.;y111 l Ill' t I ·.1,. .·1l 1·J·('
ll!l illft-ri·st i11.!.!', :l ii.J
\v1L
'
unpro1il:1. l1il..:.

J: 1: 11n·11illi'r t l1a l wl1at. \\'<:

wa11t 111

•\I

1,;

chiefly dt· s,·riuliu11. J\11d if yo u li an; (:1111..;,·11 l11 il ,· ,; ni l l('
n.n :ip]'lc, wl1:1 L yo1 1 w:i11t lir,;!. i,; lll•L ]•<'ii :111il i11]; :u1il
pap1..:r l>11L a11 <l. Jiple, :wd, ii' you ca11110L lm·:1k il , a k11if(:
to c u t iL Tl11: 11 proceed 111 :1. 11wl11 w1ical 11-. 1y .
.l\ok

~.; Y,

,'

I 1ES< ' I : I l'TION .

PLA NT S.

to l's lef.t off. B ut fi rs t~lia11d k11 o wl e<lge will always be
most lllgl1ly ~) ri 7:e <l . . Tlie fn ll<>l\'ing is a 11 e xample of a
popular desc npt1 o n of :t flown, in· wl1i d 1 fn· e use is none
ti 1c less mad e of teclmi cal te n11iuulo ,..,<r,)' .·

EXERCIS E XXIV.
PLANTS.

W aler Lili es.
T hP I raili ng :i rl 111t11 s. k 11o w11 i11 l11>1 :11 1i.-,; "' /.;1,;,1,,,fl "''l'"'i·'· i,; t he
<'ariH'sl 1 "'" '"'"'· t · 'l 11d 1111 ·t ' ·I 1.·11 ·11 1111
· go 1· ( 1t1 1'11all\
· ' 1 ·tl owt· r ~. f t. is
:Jll
t'\'l'r"n·1·11
!'i'>'('j>ill<'
.
.
. •.,
. . . . 1>1·. 111 1. f c )\ 1111 l llH ts t iy .in r11 111111la11icl1.1:-;
i·c·g·ioos
111
ra 1·111 t•; a 11d 011 11or ll 11·r11 ·, 1., 1,,.,· · '1'11t . It' .t\••
. . :-;. nn-· 1 It' l 'P g· reen'
.
1

):-;

l ro 111 one tu Lwo i ncli<·.s 1.. 11;.: :llld a l11 111 t. ha lf as lirn ad as Jc,11 ,,'
Lo r11 <• Oil sho rt .l>t·t iuJ .. , c111·1·n•d wil Ii l>1·<>w 11i ·sli f, ·. 1 ·11 .~.-.. I·~' • it · j 1 l 1r an c"'11'
lii·:i rs ' "'"'ra l nf tl1<·s,·
l· ·:t1·1·s ll f' ar it ,.; 1·xtri·111it1·
·111 <1 t. i1c•11 I 1• r111111
· a I.e s
.
.
·
·•• •
111
a
noml1·tl
s111k1·-li
kn
d uste r o f "'-·X1 1,11· ·".' 1·1.c \\ ··tl:X·.
ti o \H·
. rs, \'a r y ·111 g
•
•
•
• •
•
.
•
,\
111 tol111 J10111 111111<· 1., n .. 1, r""' • '·111 ,j •'ln itl in g. cl. ( II ·I ·h _. ·IU\1 :--.., a l°() flltl l.lC
·
f J':l,;..:T a JH'P .

. Tl 11 • floin• rs arL' t11 l 1 1il:1 r. 11 ,,, l1 il 11• l ... i11;.: ha lf an i11 (' li j 11 J1:11 gth
.111.J t] ,.. '."xpa11ded f1 01Y1· r al•o ul hal f an i1ll'h a cross. Th f'\' are
''""lusr·d 111 a lll<' l11l1 r:uinus i'alyx of fi q i po>i 11 1.. t1 S<' f' <tls, wl iic.l i :tre
li:ilf as l'. '"g '" Ilic l 1i! H•, a11 d tl1 t•s1· s1 ·1•: il s a r" i11 111 r11 1· 11 11.r:wi •d J1v
t lirc•t· !1a1r.L 1,,..,wnisli l•ra!'ls. sn 1m·w li;tl l> ro:Jd o• r :t11 tl s li 11 rl 1• r llia;l
. II 1:1.11
l l11•
I S•'j>:ll:'. Ti"' t11l1f• ,.f 1111 • f111 w1·r ;,· w id i·r ··ii· 1·111. 1,.·1......
a >O\'lo
II
"'
S•·pals.
:111d
i
s
.J,.
11
s1•l
y
,
,.
t
i11
sid1•
w
i11
I·
I
·11
1
1
.
· '
·
lt lh ~ ~ I \ V \\" Il le
ha irs.
I I. <'l1 clo-1·s f'ld i1t·ly t 111 · p i; tiJ a 11 .J 1,. 11 s l.l ill <' ll·,' The
;i 11LhPrs "'" :lll.1eii e.J at 0111 • "'"!. .u1d IH1r11L• 11 p1ig li t; the s<>cd s a re
sri wl l a11 d 11111111 ·ri111.....
Tl1
. e li11. ds a n · f,.,. ,,,. .,J t Ii •· 11rn"
· 1111 1;, :<P aso n. :111• J llla1· b<• d i sLi 11 clly
ll<>t wr•d • Il l :111111 11111. H l hl' 1.J a 11 fs• •'l l'••, l iflt• 1 ] .l. t ti 1.a I, si·asn n a. 11 ( i
plac•·il 111 a f1·rnn.1· k•·J'I i11 :i cnnl i·om 11, a.-; a p:c rl ia.111' ],..:tti·il l><·ill'<>l•lll,. th .. hud ~ 11·ill d1·n·l1,I' in J.',·l1r11·11·1·
I!. ti 1e 1r
· Ih"'l a11ty
' . (·111
, ci ,v·
7 1P t
a 11 d h ac:T:t 11 cP as fn·eh a,; i11 th e ir 11:tl.in· h a un ts j 11 ' !'ring. Li·ft
1111d isl u rl•1·
•
II 11• JH
.· ' I1, s and y l1 ·a l-·
• .J wl11 •re 1111·1·
• g ro11· , 111 >\\' t . , . 1• 1· , 111
11101ild of :t ""''" l"d• no irl hn11 sl"
I"'
J},
•
l
·
1 11 I · . .
•
•
~
1 :--. 11 I l' .1 11 s L n ·a 1Jy t•o u p(• Jl
<_11 1_t lw :tjiJ'rl1: wl1 id 1.J •·as;111t. il ay~ , a 111 l 111:i.\' 111· f o u11d i11 11\·r feef io11
lro 111 t i... . l•'lill1
.. r :\ J> ril till tl11· li1·sl
r i\I .t· .V Ill
· ti ll' I;1 1·11111 Ii • ui·
,
•
t1
:-:0 11 1lwn1 i l·111 1:-:.\' h ·: 111ia . _ f.,, 1,/i•.·.. - · j/ ,,,11 , , 1 •0111pa11;,,,,.
.1

G5

V egetab le P a rns it<,s am! Epipliylks .

T l1P. <.'act.us.
1\iai zP.

<i c r a ni u rn ~.

E ,· , · r ~n· c n:-< .

F e rn s.
Th e Co t to n Pl:t11t.

T ilt' Oak .
T he l'a llll.

T he te rm p lant s c mbr:WCi> t h e e n ti re r:t11 ge of Vl'g(' table life from the g ig :rntic forest tree to tl1 e moss t l1at
clin gs to i t.-; t runk a1Hl Lh e t.oa,lstool Ll1 :tC t hri ves
ben eath it5 s]i;ule . H lh e plan t yo n · se lt·<· t to wri lt•
abon t J,ears ll o \l·e 1-s and frHi t, some d esc l'ipt io n of these
will be n eees::;ary . t11011gh it w ill naturnll y no t h 1! so
minn te or c xli:wst iv e as if yo n were wri t i11g rd10 Ht
them a.lone . J{ ee p in mind y rn1r su hjP«L a nd 011,;c n ·t·
throughou t tl1:tt symmetri cal trea t me nt w l1i c:l1 eve n ·
sul>j1·t·t <lem:uHls . 1t wo11ltl lie rn a 11i fosUv :d 1s 11 n l t o
lle vn t.t~ hal f of an a rt ide on '' T111~ C:llt'sLnu L" Lo •L
<lescril'Lion of tlie lti:w es :w1l l1alf o f it Lo a l1is tory pf
th e tree , or n11 e-f0Hrt11 t n gc ne l':tl ft·aL11rt :s a nd t li t·
r emai11 <ler t o t he irn t whi ch tl1 e t ree l>c:u-s. Yet sH"l'
rtbsurdi t ies a rc committell. A pu pil l1as bel' 11 known L11
wl'ite a s ix-imge composition undu r t he t.itl e of "The
M a ple," fiv e pages of wl1i eh were g ive 11 11p tn an necoun t of tl1 c manufact ure of 111ai'l e s 11 g :tr. The «0 111p ositi o11 wa.s g t1ud e non g h 111 it."el f, l111t it 11l't' d t·d
r e-christenin g . Tl1 e re was a 111a11ifcs t i11 l' lll1 g rni ty betw ee n t h e subject a.rnl t lic s ubjt ! c ~111a tter. l\ l't' l' 11t

Gll

::iigl1 t tl1e suhjcct always, a1Hl tl1c11 g ive
tlw ohjl!Ct descr ibc1l only tl 1at prominence which ii!.
i111porta11ee w:uTants .
It may lie l 1est lo begin with :t detic ri11ti"11 of tho
general :i11peal':tnl·e o f tlil: ph11 t.
l1cLte r sntisfictl if lie l1 :Ls a(, U1c ouL-;d, some sol'L of outli11 c pid.11rn t1f tliu wliol(•. Tl1e11 proceed lo details.
Talrn up in sue<:l'ss ion, so fa ,. as t iil' plant in qu estion
posscsst•s tlu·se orga11s, 1'0111, ste111, l1r:t11 elies, foliage,
tl owc l's, f,.uit. (;1· i1 cl'al <·011sidc ratiuns will follow- "
val'i e t il's, 11st·s. assol'i:1ti1111s. 1f yo u a n : dt •scri lJi ng the
oak, l! Oit'. it s syJ11 l1t1lis 111 as illllst'.ratl'd i11 the dc l'ivation
of our \V urd /'IJ/i 11 sl; 11otl: too its cor111 eclit1n with
Dodm1<1' :ln ;1,11 11 Dn1iili1· rill's. In like 11Ht111icr Llic palm
l1a s a symbolism of its 1111·11 a 11d will call up mo1·e than
011e snipL11r:il a11d l'lassil'a] all usio11 . Tl1ern is a saying
a111011g t.l1t: "\r:tl1s tha t " tl1t: pal 111 tn·1· l1a.s tlin~c litlll<ll'ed
:t11d sixty 11 s1 ·s."
I l o11'1;v1·r, d11 not gd, tl1 1: id1 ·a fro 111 wl1at. l1as been
said t l1a.t lllll' part il' til a r ordl'r 11111st al ll':t}S lie followed .
S11 1: l1 a pr:11'ti1·c wo11ld n·s 1tl L i11 v1·ry 1111·1'l 1a11i1:al, i11tl1:xilil1•, 111 t1 1111!1 1111111s t·111111111sit.io11. J\la11y sulijecL-; will
ad 1nit l1ei11g tn·all'd i11 half a doz e n onle rs, each of
wl1i l'li ltas a dt·fl' 11s il1l e dai111 to tl1 e attribu te uf natural.
\Vritc rs of g<'11i 11s may <·vr;11 depart frnm 11at 11ml order
altogeth er :LtHl still prntl 11 cc a happy effect. \Vlt en
yo u li:we tlwrongldy trainPd y m11-sel f in t he systenrntic
tn·atllll'll L of s11 hjl'ets so ti 1at t ltc rn os t in tractable
material \1·ill :1ssu111e u11d l' r yuur !iamb sy mm etry and
just J1roport.iu11, t 1ll'n ynn 111ay mm·c safel y ve11 tu re tu
::;Lrike out upun \rl1ate\·er lines yo ur fan cy s u gges~ .
C ulti vatcll tas tu " ·ill lia ,·c to lie you r g nide.

li7

l'LA l'TS.

DESCH l l 'T IO:'\'.

l\I. 0 D 1'~ L .

T llE .J UJ),\S--TltEE.

.. .I' I<.1I t I 1rn11 ,_." Ii t 1... Ii" "'·'l"'"' d i"t ri,·t " ·· .,f
t J.\\
11
Th ose w h 0 hrtl'P
'
.
•
t r ':\I · \' \\ ill ri·1 111 ·111L1·r \\I I
. 1 . r t Ii<· t"l r lv i·a I' . <• , "· '
ennsylv:i.n i;Lc unn g
, ' ·
.. .
\ t t. lia l. ti 111 ,, llw la rge
. th l w:rnt.)· 0 ( Urn Ia n•1'c• lJ" ·· ·
.. . .
plea.sme
e l .. ·tn\ a i na:--:-.
.. . u 1· \\ ·Iit't.( l·loc-. 1n , a11cl "''" ''.\' 1' ' ·' 1" '
J
r
trees o • une- w1 1.) . .
1 ··11 ti . ,,·Jowi11" n· d of tlw .Juda ,;. ] t ... · ··I I v d1·<·oral1·1 \\ I I I< ,..,
"
0.nd t hJ C(C l l' llC I,/
•
.
·'j j ,]J illi i11 \']..a;-iill~ ,.,.,ifr;iol.
.
l ' . 11. • fl1.1wr:< .. t t.111' \\I I I
.
.
tree ;i,nfl t 1c s11u }
.
t· I , . i 1,,, 1.J .. ,1111 111g
l . 1 I I r <• rn ·111 w1 1 ··' 1 1•1111
.
,... .
'.All of these tn·es am,. i·s1ra ' " u . ' 1 ~ re tilt' foli:i «• · lias ilt-i

. .. . r

f-•arh· i n tlw

~t·a:-;ull,

tl' ()

i""'o.

•

.

they do \ e l J
"
. . l· , ]i y tilt' j' J'1ttJJ'1Pll ul
. 1-' t 1r 'l goq.~i·oUl-i t 1l :oiLt ,ty . .
.
'veloped, a 11 fl m .1. d 1o '
.·
. l .•
Jiu \, 11,. 111 ,,,;1 la ot 111g
1
. 1 I
"I" hil 111 ]'lit! ll\1.
flowers wl11t.: 1 1. iey m·H
'.
l· . t .• ,. t1 r n·d-1>1111, 1i .. ta.111
and pleas .111 g o f t\, i c., t Jiret• IS tlw. • li t« ~- I t '
, . , . Cercis Cr11111cle 11 .<1s.
.
. ically k no11 n as
ti
'. "lt onkr [. ,,,, ,,,"'""·"'"
.
l ' f \ t· oe 11t•ltt 11":< (I)
II' l:,ll•
.
1'h1s beau 1 u It.: ·
" .t ti j Il l')' 1OC
. ll S·t tli••· ··ufft•t•-tn·1',
~
.
which incllllkti t he l1bck luc11'1 ' . · ie o1~:~a11w11 ta l . ~arilt· 11i11 g. Ti ll'
ll5

0tJ 1(• r

lrt't'ti

f'l'IZL't

Ill

.

and many
iiK :dtt 11 •g t lw sl.•·111,
. I re clu ,l«n ·d at ti 11., 1c..,i r ·uc
' .
flower b u<Is, w 1i1 c i a,
,
.
.
l i·,, ,;u11tlwrn 1'1 ·1111.,1'1J 1 .
f '\•I'll!" :tlll
•
•
.
begin lo Rwell at l 1e 'a1111 " .
}'..
. ltllt- .,( Al'ri l. Tl wy
. . t heir cttlor \,y 1 I L 1111c
I
I
vania. arc H H.nv111g .
.
I. ··11 ·· ·y f11r r;1 · v•· r ;1I \\'t' 1·k:-;, a111
1 l
Ill !-IJ'/ 1' •t11d
111 ldllC
continue 1.u ' .,,.,. "\' . · · ' .. . t[·,. l •:t1iiwr-lik1 · 1.-Lds an·
I
t ·11 t 1"' 111 l ' ltll•· ,.f '\l.t } I1,,, 1, . ili
it iti 110 !. \Ill
«r J1 inl -lik e f1tn11.
A
ti
"
]111
d
·is -; 1 t1111• .~ a p t 'C l
'
11
l
unfoldecl a11< ·
·
' ··
. f und i n ";wit cl 11 s ti-r.
f th""' litt.I<- n.. w. ·rs " ' " , ,
.
dozen ur 111 nn ~ u
. .
,
.
. . l.
tli PV J'P111i11cl o 1 1i ~ t1l a!'4.
. I l t ·I of tl11 · 1111:,g111" 10n,
·
1
and by a it.I. c H rec l . . . '_ . . ,· 'with eac h other fur a sli;1n '
many mi11iat 11rc ln1111m111 g-b11Js V} 111g
'
f
" n1e 11cctared fl owers.
•
of the h oney ro 111 , o
,
. , t t t hirt y ft ·c·I i11 lll'igltt.
'
. , .•. ' ften (ou11cl fro111 t 11 , 11 y l1
.
.
rhe t1ees , \I C 0 . ,
I
·t .. lll'lll )' ft:et Ill
.
1 . ' . . 11i- ' loliular lop a 1111" ·''
..
.
with a branc un g, se1 g
I fif l.' to twcnty-til·i: in clws 111
t ~ J J.y 'l ( rllll {
I .I Cll .
f
diarncLer, suppor '
• .
1 t rees ·in' a rn a.ss o[ s11 t.
..
{
, lll full lilon111 , sn.: t
· · ' ,
.
.
Cll"Clllll ere nce.
. .. .. tl e Jandseai• ' tor m11·s
1 .
.
I . ' l rn:1y l•e "'"ll ,te l oss '
cn111~011 co 01, , u H l ·• tn f-u l'. t.11e 1.·le·l 1, ]Jro'til
PTt'l'll lea'"''
• • ,...
1
As t he flowi:n• "' ~ 111
'"ti , l · . se vpn\urc wlii ch furnisl1t'S
] t I1e t lie t n ·<: " 1 1 1 1.. n.
'
'
· · l
1
l
expant , aw co
.
• , .. is f urtl ll'r i1ilt·11 s 1he•
.
. . l • tl . · ti re season. 1 111 s
a delightful sh.11 c le e n
.
,cd-i•oilH wl1icl1 t 11r11
.
f } Il l' ('01 11]')"('8Ht'<1 g1 N\ll 8l ..
by t.he p ro f 11s1on o 0 . •'
t h l' ir nu ml.>cr a11d
1
1
to a l 1ro w111· s 1t re•d durirw
o a utum n, a.n< -'Y

.A ::SIC\1ALS.

1>1·:sc 1n1•Tt<> :-<.
l1.·11 g· t Ii.. as 11'«11 ~s 1wc1ili'll'
c 0 I(I) .'
•
1u1 1 vi tlt os+· wh o . . , ti
(
sl •

IL'

t n·t·

notc•L i11 vegdal1l1 \ li[e rnu1·l1 ad iv il.\'
l'X l' .lli ·

·

o r t-> 11·

.

tI '
. .
'" c11nos1t.y rtn<l adm'
.t
l
.

l' ropaga t ;.," is •·as ily «ff• •t·t. I 1 J".\ t s R iarle.
·
'' 'Y "'C I··
I ti
t ra 11s p l:11 1l 1•d a11 d d 11 "'"11 .
. ' '• a tH
l l' trees are e
1
. II
Ill I It+• 11111,(, PX
. 'I
.
. 11
·' t h«s" elia ra cti·
r
·
.•
·
.
.
·
I'''"'
,
J S..,1('~ . I f :-;1•1.· 11 18
t ..
} s1t11al1 0 s.
11 ut g<· tH·rall y ll sl·d f .
. , ' .1.111 g.' t ta t t he .Judas0 1 u l'll a 1111· 1t! a l " " If' I • ·
•
·
0111pani1m .
,., . ' Cllll tg . -- Lwliel
(

po.rt from m er e g ro w t h, -

m ovcrn c 11l.:> that look lm\' a rd
1£-defense, seH-susll' 11 a 111·c, s1·H-preserv• tli u11 , - 111 <1 Vl''tu nts that e:d1i l.JiL 111 :1.1\\' o f Lit e cl1:trnde ri sl i• ·s nf a 11 i11 i: tl
•tinct . T hi:; is 0 11 e of tl1 e ll1ings tl1 at [prl1id 11,; lo
1-aw a sharp lin e lx ·l wec n tl1 e two kill g1loJ11:-i. The
bs rvat io n o f th ese rn ovc me11ls will furni sh rn :tlc r ial

EX EL: CISE Xx V.
l' L .\ :\ T ( ;JW \\'Tll .\:"\!> A CTIVfTY.

EXEH C1SE XXVL
Al'<DL\LS.

<; t~ rn1i11 a t io n.

Buddi 11g a11.J C rafti11g.

E 11dugl·11s :Ult! Exng-l.'ll s.
T n .. · Hi ttgs .
H:ipid all .I Ha11k ( ;row1 ·rs.

l' la11 L C
. re1· 1><' r"'' '·11·HI c1
_,/ ·1rnbers.
!l ow :-;p,., I,, are ~l'alte red A" · ad
'l' I
.
.
u! Q, ,
"' :-." 11 " t il'e l'la 11 t.
\ '" 11 11s·., Fl y-trap .

Tl :tke ha! f a <lm.e n I11·:111 s r1 1· gr:ti11 s of
:;c;e<' a11tl plant them in warm , 111 o is t, ea rtl\o rn or other
0 11 e

c· tc l1

d

l ·

·

\V e sec it. before !lie i :lni er , t· l- '.
1.l is about all.
i·
· i,...,c .t , es plal'C W ' .• , 't,
.
.tcn v: m l, hn t .1'ns t wl1 ,·tt ll i.L. t (· Ii : uq.~ e co
, ' .·e·tsec. I ag;un
t h a.n th is ex ll'rnal m: t1 1i fest; l'
s m deeper
J ·r
. t ion of ~.i L, is. 11:;1:;
e x t r e1 I 1·m
e n t I . n ot qu ite impo:;:;ihlc Lo say .
.
ne y ( I c

The 1Lu111n1i11g Hinl.
R bin R cdb re:t'L
The Brook Trout.
.My Pets.

A IJi,;1'11Lc lwl \\'l'« t•
tli l' El Pplia1t! , tl11 •
Li on,
;iu.L
t lae
IIur~e .

F ;ll.ul1111:< .\ 11i 1 11al~.
l1 1tt· ll igt· 111 ·1• 1d. H n 1t1·:-\ .

l'l1 y'i" al
i sti e=4 of

( ' l1ar;wkt"
a,

( ;11rnl

TrvtLi11 b I lt< r:<c .

Examine

•
:1.Y :til l 1rn m yo nr e xamin · 1·1011
w t· 11 · · .
.t ·
describe as .
.ts
""~
. } <HI «:tll (J1p j>l'O''~ ,_.
, ,.., tif gru w t }·1
'1' 1
rn y ste nou s prnce:<scs o f c·I i.1.11
. gc
. rn
. or g·1n· c . t ie more
r cll11la r " l'Ow lh 'LJl< l II It ' r
. . . ' I s rn cture, of
l ·f f ."
. .
iu ip ica.t1m1 , must o f
..
l L ur t l1c lllllTo s \· 0 1w of tl H· ·]·' JI · l I
. co111 :;c be
'! '! · ·
, "\I C< )O t·m1s'
ll S IS \' •r ·
' j } <l l'snip l ion tl1 o tt rl' ....
' ~.
.
'. '
I ) ]' ] :1 111
dt ·: Ll \\·Jtl1 acl ivi l )' W l
'l
g I IL .tssumes to
...
" .
e < ese n >e t he j•hnt . 1.
a t <l tffo ren t st,a<rcs o[ t , . ·t· .
· "
L appears
1ic .1 c ,J v1ty ;uitl
.
,.,
ti . t, ,i,s
.

<t

S11!:)1·1'/.' :
T lw Kin ~ vf l\ca~h:

Any Naturnl History will furnish a wr n1tl1 of i11 fn r. mation on the:;e :;uujcc ts. And vrtrious wo rks uf sm:h
J o1rn liuno u g h s, Oliv e Th o l'll e .i\liller,
1\-fauricc Thom p:;on, anLl ,Jolin U. Grant, ma.y L>e co 11sulteLl both for 1rntt.ter aud fur good exa111p1e:; o f tl 1l~
way in w11i c h the malter sl1011ld he lre:t!e<l. Bu t 1lo
· not cons ult these hooks tin;t if y ou \\'i sh to ).(el t he
maximum of p ro fi t fro m tl1i :; e x er cise . H e re, as :d w:1ys,
obse rve fo r yo nrself:. Half an honr t>pcnt l >dore a cage
of monke y s or a t<tnk o f fish, wi ll 1e more fruitful t li:LM
the reading of ·~ l.' h <q1ter fro m :wy book. (~o to books
n.u th ors

as

to settle point:-; thaL you l1avc 1111 JJH•;t11s of s c ttli11g for

your:;clf, a.ntl to n :ri fy tl1t : n·snlts of yn nr ol,st•rvation. ' '

Do 1w t be dis:tppoinled to Jind t.lil'm Vl'rifi l·d: the
yo t111g- inv es t iga to r is so11wti111\'s apt to fe1·l that way.

Be 011 c01 1rag1·d rather, for wl1il e tl11· n·rific;dion does
noL detrn\'l. i11 tl1l: least frolll tll\' 111\'riL of ynt1r uwn
dis CO\'f' l'.I', it

i1JC'n·asvs y1111 r 1·111tlid c 1H·e 111 yo11 r own

jlOWt•rs.

1t is 11"t i11k11tl1 ·d 11\'r\' tl1;Ll, , ..,ti sl1all disst'l'L
a11i111;tl a11d d1·sl 'l'ill\' it. d1111· 11

an

to t lw n1i1111ll'st d l'Lails

ol' ili-; orga11is111, altl10 11gl1 t li a.t m ay 111: do11e.
H11 t an
al111ndai1\'e of s11hjl'l'i-111at t<'r 111:1.)' lie r.. u11d al'art from
tl1is.
If y1n1 ;1n· illll'J't•skcl i11 l1irds, 11"k tl11 : vari t:tics
t l1at are to lie fu1 11Hl i1 1 yot1r Ill' iglil~irliuod; tlie time
of arri1·; t! a11tl 1lcpart111T <lf tl1 e 1nigrnt11 ry ones; t.lie
r e:;pecti n J sizl's, antl 11·11gt l1s of

i 11';1ks, w111gs, leg:;,

daws; th e cxtn: rnl's .,f 1-..!u r variati .. 11
spec ies: tl1e

i11 tl1e sa.me

11u(1's or 1· alls; tl1 e rna1111er 111' J'ltJJJJing

011 tl1 e grnu11d; tlie favorit e n .: snrls, 1'1111d, de.
i11 g nf hinl-11.,ks 1·alls

(11

!-'p1:ak-

111i11d a n·ry i11l1·n ·sti11g e:;:;ay

n·ad licfn r1• n l·l:1ss l1y ;t J,o.r 11·l10 l1ad a g""d l'ar for
11111si c ;i11d a tait-111. f.,r 11·1iis t ling.
111 : i111itakd so wt·ll
tl1 0 11 oll's uf lt :ilf a cl11zc11 di!T1·n·11L l1inls tliat

they

were imrnedi:tl\'h· n· co.l!·11izt'd l1y l1is hcal'L' l's. Tl1e
s;unc tl1i11g rnay li\' t·11111·e.n ..: d to r e ad1·rs, tltougl1 i11 a
i1H1re illlperfe1·L ll'ay . liy tl 1c use of 11111sieal 11 otat.io11.
SPc S. 1'. Cl1crl\'y's ll'11u1{ 1\ ruf1' S 1Vild.

Tlte 1111mcm 11s points j11st s11gges!1·tl w1111l<l furni:>h
too much 111 atter fur :u1 nnli11ary t•o111positi1111.

EiLlte r

confine yo urse lf lo n11c sp1 :c ies of a11i1nal, ur ln ll1e
t·1111qmriso11 of diffl'r1"1 1t spe('it!S in n :sp<'d to so m e par-

ticular foaLurc.

Fur exa rn plc,

'i I

A::\l~lALf' .

JlE:-iCH l l'T!OX.

"Binl Hoak:;" wuulJ

· . t · Tltu f11lluwsll 1l)C\'
C
l t l 11• sp1 ~ l' l\' oi
ing de~; c riplion o f tl1 l.! gl.!1111,; ., · r~1'.11 <~11< - .
/ 1·1l .~ f> ou~,
"./ ,\'al 11 rol
Ursus lwrriliilis :tre ta I'e11 f ron1 t..r
,.
History, by Seli 111 Ir. l'1 ·ah1dy:
·
CO lll l'l'ldt1 :11s11·1·

All lite H\WCit•s ,,[ \, ·a rs ]1 ;1\'l' ~r .. at ~ize, laq;•; li 11il 1,, a11.J l"·;t\',I'
. f t . II I '11'1' t !ll'l'l'Tl11•y \\'alk 11!'011 t\,.. ilaL "' I,., " [ tl, 11:1r i·<· • " ' . . . .
l l I · . , , . Th. 1•ri11L .,{ tlw {.,, ,t
fore, with tht• ra.cco1111 :-; , t•a\ i·1 }' u11t111tu <'·"'· - '
'
' . ti•· . ,ft •"1rth r1:sl' 11il•I•·,; ,·,·n· 1111 11·11 tlll'
of a. 1Jl ack l il'a r, I,. f . , in i..... M
•
'
.
.
.
.
r .. 111·111'
. . l1 'llll l - fi11~1·1':-i, tliu111l1, awl i1:d111 l•t'\11~
lllll'l'\'titi lOI\ U "
•
·
'
·
,
dist.iuctly 111:11'1;1·<!. Tl1is f"r111 of f11ut lakl's :t': ','.\' 111 11t·h uf t.h t
11 . l s .. ..
1 1ll' d .,.. an 1l c.t t,
:nviftincss whicl1 111.:a=--ts (.1 f i1n·y u:;lla J io. !"L:-i~ .
_. . . . _ .
. .
ti : . t . . >I' .Ji ..·il>< anti arc· (';dlnl ''':!"'!JI'"'''.,'·
fa.n11ile::> llHJ\·e 1q111 1\
ti ti
tH :--;, l
.-. . · '
. . . •
. .
. r
·l· ,,.. ,. fit fpr
l3ea.r8' fct~L lia,·c ti,·e loL':-;, arilll' d \\1th l.ttt;t ,.!i t1 1.) 11,....., i ,t . , .·
di n· ing a11d cli1 11Li11,;, rath l' r t.lian fur ]l(,\d111~ ]'l'l' )' .,r t.'' '" 111 ~
ggl
'!'!
.,f f111t.l ' an.\, l1l',; j,\,·,; j\.-,
l>, ar1· 1,.11 1\ ut
wy t•a '1,, •' t \"ll'iel''
•
.1
•
fl ef-' 1_
nuts aconi:->, hl'rrie:-;, g ro,,·lu ;; t;o r11 , a11d you11g gra111.
.
Ti1ey sel<lulll attack wan , 1111\.:ss driH·n J,y seH· '.·': h11n ~1· r, o1
l ·11 "ll
"T" ·11·,. \ ' l'I' ~\' tla11g1·n111s. l lw y are nut
. I 1 '
... b .; ' •
k CL ; l\l L \V II..:
Provo
·
1
.
1
'
.
\'
1
l·t1
·v.
n1·tki1I"
t11t:ll' lon<·ly. dl'l1S. 111 tl1e
1110, .t.
on y :;aY::ir;.1·, t1l 1.. t'i11
• .1 ,
•
n
.
.
. .. 11 . 1l· ,, . In \\inl<'r tlwy ,;11·1·1• 1n tlw 1r dt·n,,
secret a111l 111 ; 11 '\.'.l':i:-- l 't 1 .llt:"I .
.
.
. ti ' . •)'..: Ill' in tlw Ji.,\].,\\' id ~ulll•' uld t i•""
in so 11 1e (':\ \ ·1·rn " I
IL
Jue,,'
.
.
. ..
tl . with1111L fo.,,1 i11 a t1tq•1<l ,;Lil<- , lm·atl1111 ~
1 lere l I iey }'d :-.:-o. 111011 l:-- ,
'
.
. 1· . .
..
I
·\,,w\v
that "'"'· w1t11l.\ hard ly •ill!'\"'''' t.1>1 111 "I\ •.
so gc 11 ti ) .1111 '
"
.
I
, ....:-., tlwil" fat wa;L<'" awa y ; 111it il, "'.. '"'" l l """
As t11e ·w11· 1ll'l. p.1:--:-;i
,· .
craw I fu1 ·LIl 1' 11 tlw
. , ·'l'ri1w
,..., llll' j' H't'l ll tu have ;\v1•t. idl all t "II

·1it
g. ·

.J

•

.....

•

•

flesh. · · ·
f \
l
Tl1e l:rizzl y Jkar, l ' r.<11.< /,orrihi/i.<, is the 11111~t !"'"'''''. " :~111
..
..
.
•
(
\
ine
rica.
II
"
i~
fru111
'1X to nine l• :< ·L
da11gero1ts " I11
' 1'' .1'" u . •
.
.
, · ,c Wl'i»hs a s 1111wh as c·1r; ht h1t11d1etl poun <l~.
Jou g :MH1 ~Ulll Cv 11111· "
. ,., •
.. '1 . . 1.. I0 nge r ·t1al finer th;t11 that of the blac k lwar. anti t Ii"
111:; 1;u i
'
•
· l . 1 . .
'l'l ,. l1air oil
.
>'Ta)' to a. llg1t Jlu\\11.
i
color vanes
.f·10111 .'L "'<'rizzlv
.. " o
l I .
·
hrh·r
'tll•l
Hhort
1•r
than
that
011 LI"' •lit Y' u n
t
l
f
the ll' 0''8 an• i·1· is ' . ' '
L
l·' .
•
•
·1 ·t ·rnd inle as to make the crC[Lture ~ee m ua u,
the face it I~ 80 s 101 '
•
011 1l1e neck it "row~ to a tiLiff, coarse ui:•11c.
.
'
"
l .
Th, forefuut u[ a s1wc1111cn
The feet anil clawH arc very arge.
." .
,
.1 L
L, ,· aud Cl:trkl' wa:; 111n1,: 111cl1e:; Lruau, aud w.i8
UW~Ureu uy
C\\l:i '
'

72

1rn:-;c1: l l'TlO'l".

ann1·d wit 11 cl~L\YS six: inch• ·s lu 11g. Thh«· ' '" " " are nnL
lrnL are Lhin :wd " ·ide, fitted to dig i 11 l l1t• <'art 11.
Nolwitl1st:111°:ing liis siz•-, liis 111"' i.. ld1· r.,rn,, and his sliainbling
ga it-, Ji n rn11 s w1ll1 g r• •:i L 'l'<·•·d, and liis st r.. 11gtl1 ov .. l'co 1111~s even
that, of 1111 , l•isn11. Th .. lndi:111s rr•.,.ard
l1i 111 ,,.1·11. t b·llpe. 1··t't'
,""')
,-; ,1 lOU8 ·
<tW<', a111I 111 :ib· J•rl'par:di""'' lu 111111 1, hi111 with 111any CP l't'llHJI1ies.
, \ rn·ckl.t <:t' <•f J.1-.1rs cl.J\1s 11 hicl1, .111 J,,. "'""onl y J,y tlie lirave .
\I'll~ has l1i11 1>•·lf killvol t J,.. h·ar, i., a 111:irk of g ;"<·at: Yalu r, alld
1• nl1t.les tlH· 'H·:m·r to ·l'""11li:11· J,., 11 .,,..,, :-;i 11 ,.,, ti"' llldian has
learned lt> ll.'l' 111» rill,., llw r isk is S<lllll'll'li: d. l''" t!ia 11 \\'hen he
foug·lit Hn1i11 \\i t!: aJTll\\·s ;ind :-<Jlt'ars; .\·(·t, wjtJ 1 lir, ·-an 11 s, a steady
ha11d and :·n1n· :11111 ar1~ 111·1·l·s:-;ary , for a \\' Ot1 1id1 · ~I , :in gT\' }1 ear is
very da11g- 0·rnus. Tlicrc can lie 11n e.,e:q>1·; life iti stal~e"l against
li fe.
0

EXEJ:C'!Sf~
Al\DL\L

XXYIL

lL\BIT:-;, l·: Tc.

1\'111~/f'('/.'j:

I1 rnect Arcl1i l<'elnn ..
llet·s at \\' ork .
l'\t·st B11il.Ji11g.
Hird i\I igr:.1I inns.

J\itt1•11 K at !'lay.
'l'IH· l'n 11·idt•11I Sq11irn·l.
ff qw Fi,!1 Swi111.
Fi :-;·l1t. J ,,.1 w1·1·11 " I 1,,:-; '""la S11ake.

Do not fl·t·l n'strictcd to Llw 1ml1j1Tt.-; rrivl, 11 in
list.-;; tllt!y an· rrfft ·n·d illt'l'\'l y as ex ;1.111pl\':. If Jto Olle
of tl1~111 s uits yo u, :-;ele1·t :-;ornetl1i11g else, ]•l'oi·idl'tl 011 ly
tha.t it Le in tlie line Df t]iu ge ueral :rnbject. Jn tJ;o
pr~se 11t exercise it :-;]101ild deal with smnc phase of
antmal hahi~"' (>r a11i111al ;ll' ti1·ity. This i:-> an interesting
and al lllO:;t lll ex l1ansti l 1le field .
Have you snmctillw.-.; wi:-;l1ecl to v1s 1t a foreirrn laml
wh e re new t'.llstoms a11d laws obtai n, wl1 ere tl1e t7iud anrl
cL·e/oj.s o f tlie inli;tbiLt11(-.;, the art and co!ltllien:e, the

ANl~IAL

llAB!T:S, ETC.

... implements of war a1ttl the regubtiu11s
strange to yo u ? Jt, is easily done.
. a. bee-hive, a Lear-pit. Go out into
" overturn a stone, an<1 see if you do

for [li!:tcc, are all
Visit an ant-hill,
the ganlc1t awl
not. fi11<l th ere a

most cosmopolitan commm1ity .
The following is an example of a short essay writ.ten
from 0Lserva.t i1m of' t.l 1is kind:
LlLLll'liTlAN ENGINEEHS.

While walking along at. rail i11 tlie 111<>1111tai11 011e •Lt_\", 111y att•·11tion was attracted l1y a cor11J11u11it.y of red ants th:il \\'em hw<ily
engaged about t he l ittle 1nonnJ which arose a Lon; t lwir 11ndl' l'ground dwelling. Evide11tly they had a diffi cult task J.don· tl1(•n1, to
judge from th e way in '"hich some of lhem kept rnn11i11g al1011t,
while a few others stoo1I s urveyi11g a pebble lhe Kize of a sn1:Lll 111 arble which hiy da ngero usly close to the entrance in tlin top of th e
mound a11d which tl1ey seemed lo want re n1t1 vc·d. Soon Lhe engiF1eers - for su ch I to"ok· those to be that were ex:u11i11 i11 ;:: the
pebble-seerneJ to l1a\'e solved the problem, Rin ce all sd busil.v
to work excavating a ditch j 11st Leyond th e pcJ.Llt·. \\' lien this
was a hn ost co111plctcd th" l:ist grai ns of sand that !teltl the p•: J,J,Jn
were earefull y ren1oved l1y two of t.11ern, a11d it gav;, a parti:tl roll.
1"'lie :-;.a.nit~ uperalio11 wa~ perforrned a.~a.in a1ul a)-(ai11, a111l Uwy
would H111·eJy have CO ll1pl1' l.ed tlwir task alone, had [ not gil'en
them a helping han1l.
l\ly tl1<,nry was th:tt t.l1 c i11lellige11t litlle cn,at 11r" ~ fo•arr·1l l1·'l
the pehlile might cavu in on them when they shotdd t.11n11el out.
their UJ•per cornpartme11t.s.
l•'. (;. JC

Again
History:

WC

extract from Cecil's R uok.< r!f Natural

110\V TIIE \V,\Sl' MAKES Illm NEST.

vVhen quite a little boy, the writer useJ to gn away alo 1u' i11Lo
a closet to learn hiR lesson. The blinds at the only window in
the room were alway~ closed, giving barely light enough to reat!

NATU ltE AT ltEST .

DESCHfl'TlUK.
w~1 e n

Rillin g ona stool lie nC"alh it. One ~pri n g <lay a wasp came
between t he blmd an•l t!if' g la ~~, a111 l afte r mu ch buzzi ng and
JJ1ucl1 walki ng :1hu11 t, J.<'1;:111 to J.nild . Site fir :<!. lai d d ow n beneath
th e 11nder eclg- ·· o[ thr 11ppvr «a:< lt , a 1•:it r· h " ' p:ipt· r
a third
of an in t.:1 1 in dia.111d•' r ; t J,..11 , ,1a 11di11g 0 11 tit is, ~ 1 .. , rai sed cup,11a1w•l
.
l'd ,-.,•··.. ·s ~·il l ·ol l tl)ll t l 11'1', ·llHT1 '; l ~ ·ll\g olllWan l a11d d CH\' llWard
lik e tJ11, l'llj • pf all acu r11, :ind tlw11 dr .. wi11 g- tug...t l1 c r a little, until
a l1tlJ,• l1 0 11 >e w:1s 111ad e j n:< t al•u 11t ti"' ,; izc :wJ s ha pe: of a whit.ioak acorn: t·x1 ·1·1 •t. that, , ]I\' J, •ft a !i <Jle i 11 th e l 11 .tt 0 111 wlH·re she

EXEH ClSE

aliun~

11 11~· iit gu 111 ;111d out.

Tl ~l' li

s l11 · lwga 11 at. t J,. . t"i'• an d laid :.u1ut.llt'r con·r of ]':IJ .C r over
th,. f1r,t, Jll>t a:< f:ir aw:i~· " " tl11· J. ·11 g-tli of l"·r J.. g-s rn<td e it eas
f.. r l11·r to "'"rk. No\\' it \\" :L S .-J..a r ll1 at, :< 111· 111adc 11 .. , first
a:<:• fr;11 11•'. .,,. :• "<·afTold 1111 wlti c l1 oi l1v 111 i,g ltt Hland to rnake the

she~

~lie \H11dd n.,. """"·'·· a11d a ft.· r :1 f•·w 111i1111 1.l's co me back,
"1th 11oll1111g tl1at, cn 11 l1l lw se1·11, ,· illll'r i11 lwr fret. o r i11 ]J 1; r jaws.
But slit· :1 l 1Jnf'1• sc·t. lo l:ir~ i1 "'
··I l t'alll
·
.~ lll'r i'"'i
' "' r-s
' t11fT ' , 1· ] Ill
H Hll •
u 0f
lwr '"'.'"tli, ll ]'Oll the e1lg•· of tl1c \\'L>rk s h1 · had 111ade J.dore. As
Hl1t· _laid llll' 111at_' ·rial slit' w:dk e1l l•:i f' b~· ar d , 1>11il.t i 11 g arnl walking,
111.dil Hhe had lai d a pall'l 1 a lit.tie 111fH1J t h an :~ 11 e ig ht.Ii uf an inch
w ide and ha!( "r lh rl'<'-<111art.L" rs u[ an in ch Jo 11 g. \\"lt•· 11 laid, the
p u lp lonk c·d _l ike w1·l h rn wn papt·r, wliil'h soo11 dri•·d t,0 an as hen
g ray, and still l'L's•· 111hl1·1l <·oarse }':tp<' r. As s he bid I.li e 1JJatc rial ,
1
s he ucc:" 1"11alh·
\\'t•nl on·r ii. a"·
•·
.-,.• 1i11 ' 1•11 lti11 g"
" ' J1't l, ! <.: 111 o re J1
erc a.11 d
t_J,.·r, -,_ i11 th•• llti11 p l:1ces; g1·111·ral ly tit " " ·o rk wa>< wi·ll don e the
first l11111·.
~o l it e work w1·11l 0 11.
The s1·co11d 1•a1 ><· r Hln·ll waH al>o ut as
la rge
:~s :• 1·,,.,,_.011
's, , ......,,.....,,
,. ti a· 1 1 .i• .. t.I 1111
· · I wa s 111 :u ]e as large a~ a hon's
•
t" cm~_; t_he n a11 otl11· r still lari-:1· r.
,\fll'r a ti111e th e wasp see med to
go rns1 de t~ gr·l li•·r 111:1 1<-rial, anrl it appeared t h at s he wa~ taking
d ow n th" . f1rsl lll H I S t~ a11.J ]'lltli11g th1! pa1••r lll'Ull t he Ollf s i<fo. If
so, shl\ cl1 d 11Qt. hri11g 011t. ]'i• ·ccs a1 1d pat.c h the 1n togethe r as a
t'lll'J'•'1il1·r, Han1.1~· .,t " ·.,rk, "'"111<1 du, l1ut, :<lie ch ewed th e paper
u p, a11d 111ade J n:sl1 l' ulp u[ it, just as the first was nrn<le . Of
co urse the boy <liJ u ot open tlic \\'i11dow, fo r h e was t.oo curious
t o see the work go o n, and then he was afrnid of the sting. How
l arp;e the nPst gre\\' he 11t·n·r lea rned, for he soon after left the
schoo l, a11d saw 110 lll ore uf it.
"<~('"1 11 1.

xxvnr.

l\AT U RI·: AT ltE ST.

S 11l!j1·1·/.<:
View from My \Vi11d ow.
High Noo11 0 11 the Plain~.
Ragl e L11k e J.y i\loo11li g- hl.

Se l11 inl -( ; i rl'~ (; li:n.
l':crk.
A \\'ink r Sc1·111·.

y ,. Jlow ~t.0 111 •

Mt. Shasta.

You rnnst :tln:<L<l y li:tve n:ali7.ed how d irt icnll il is lo
arouse :mu lllll J tlie rnad t.:r's iu tt:rt.:sL hy 11urdy d 1·scriplive compos1 t1on. Interest t.:e11 le rs rnost, 11ati1rnlly
about life, - n.l1out tl1 e vari ety and_un ee rtiii nty t11at :u·l·
found wli ereve r t here :tre con t i111.1:tl ..11a11ges. 111 tl1l'
description of inn.nim;tte or quie:;ee nt ol1jed:i these d(·ments ;ue h ekin g a11<1° the sources of inten•st urnst. he
sought elsewhere. M nd1 cn.11 be trusted to ll1t' :csthetic
sense, more or less de veloped in n.11 of n:--, which ti111ls
ple;1sure, or it mn.y he, it:; opposiLt.!, in t.11 e llll'l'l' co11 ll' 1nplation nf form :rnrl color. Hu t, th is seusP will w1·;u-y
readily aml Ll1<' most e xalted J ese ription whi ch appeals
t o it :t1011 e lllilY n ot safely l>c C<trried ve ry far. Tl1e refore ln·ev ity is to be so ught.
Even lhc bridesl description 111:ty he ma1le l'Xlre11wly
monotonons. This in e vitably h appe ns wh en it is a
mere Cfl.tn.logu e of details, strnng toge~her lik e beads 011
n. stri ng , without any g roupi ng or orga.ni c con nection
between tli em. "Give eacl1 fe,iturc only tliat prominence whi ch its importance warrants," wa." recommernled
a few pages back. It might be inforrecl from this tl1at
some features dese rve more attention than olht-:rs. Anti

71.i

t h ey do. Eve rytlii ng, frn111 a l eaf to a landscape,
has i ts s t rikin g and di,.; t. i11g11ishin g e hamde risti es which
mus t )Jc s e iz ed ll]'() ll a11d t.rans111ittl'd, first, la.st, and
a l\rnp . That imli v i<l u ality wl1i eh 110Lhing p1' rma11ent
loses i11 11a.tnre sli o 11lcl 1111!. for a 111 111ne ut lie l1 lst in art. ·
Subor<lillat e , ill spit e of all t e mptalirn1 to tli c euutrary,
that \\"l1i d 1 is 111a11i festly stilJo r<linate . Is t h e view from
y ()ur win Ll()\\' e ltarmillg '( Disl'OVe r, if yon em1, what
pMLieu1a r ..! e lll e11 t.-; in i t 111:i k1• it so. Is it, res t ful, or
d e l'rnssi11 g-, o r inspirillg, ur s1 tl 1li 111e ? Try al111ve all to
e1 mv ey t.o y our reade r ll1 e i111p1·1·:;s io n th:tL it is restful,
01' tl epr css i1 1g.
BC\\':ll'e of t d li 11 g hint u l1111 t ly t.l1at it is
so ; that \\"e re ina rtisti c :tll d i11 e ffec tiv e . T() asse r t again
and a gain tliat a thin g is he auiiful, on ly t.aul<dizcs a
r ea.de r. I l e c:an p:e t li tl l1 ~ c·o n cl" l'li n n of Leauty 0 11t of
the won l h1·a11t(f'u l, and t l1e li l tl t: h1· gets ni: ty h<; e ntirely
fal s e . (;i \' t' li im tl 1e inq1n' ssion as nearl y as y on can in
t he way ill wl1ic·li iL wa.-; g i\'t'll lo yuu. That is to say,

S()

re pr11dUl'l ' tl1 l' J>i el 11 re a <'l' llr:tU:l y for l1i1n a ll J le t it 111ake
it.-; O\\'ll impressioll .

I I

N A 'r U HAL ,\ :-;IJ AH'l'IFl CJAL UB. 11-:< "I':' .

rn-::·H' I: 11'T10 N.

at o ur frc•t. To 11 .. , su 11lh strdc l ws a \'a 11 •' Y 111:ir I; 1·•l I wr<' wit. It
b road fi ek b .,j' n ·ll c l:cy, awl tlwn· "itl1 f11r1·st ).( l""'·t l1 .- lolli•" l i11

the fi rst

'
.
f;' l'I''"' eol s1•r 111 g-.

..\t. tli1 ~ 1'1111l

or

tl w

111 n1 111 l ;1i11 Ji 4 ·,...;

tlw

li ttle vi llagl' o f l\!:1.rit:L la. Tl ill s a11d g ra y 1111o111il:ii11s g i'" ' a" ii.Jn
aspec t to t~ h<• 110 rt 11 a 11 d 1·:1:<l. .J ust J,,.1 w:1 t l1 1 1 ~ , .. ir .. li11 g t h•· 11 1<J1111tu.i u'i; v e rg·1 · , ;_ in· tlll' rifk 11il;-; w he n· d1·:1 l h ll' ;q11 11g- ln)Jll a t ho 11 ;-; a.1lll
- fi ery tl1 ruat.s li:i.l 11wL t lw N'< •rt ilt'rn suldi (• r,;.
:E vcry t.1 1in g r1 · 111 a i11 s jtt ~ l. as it wa :; l1 ·1' L t we 11ty-;-1. 1•\·, · 1.1 )' t':tr." ;q~n.
1\1inie-ba ll s a nd ,; \ 11 •11' s till Iii · ,i],.,11 1. t l1 e \\'or b;, \\l 1il1· 11ow a11d

then a ca 1111 011-ha ll i" 1•ick1·.l 1111.
Slowly th e h 11zzarcls wlu •1 ·l .,,·p rli l· ad .
rfhe 81ll1's }ast ra.y ~ li11 g1·r up1 1n tl 1t>

] Wa k . .~ i v i 11 ~

a

f u 11 d

~t•i td -

nigh L, a nd th1•n
'Th e l'IJol

,; j k11ll y ' ':L11 is h.
0 [ t.·\·e ui1 q..~ l )1• g i11 s tu

st•t.tl 1-· a ru 1111d .

(; ,. 1it h· t l1l' \\ ind

stit'S thf! {,ro'PS ill 1}11 • t't'll H'{ t•ry t>ll t h,· J1iJJ \\ ll<'ro· 11· 11 li tUll S;\ lld
brave NurLl 1n 11 ].,.1ys sl1···1• t.l1e ir las t. s le1· p.
A t l ast , ru itst ·il fn 1111 our rt..! \·e ri r• s

hy t he r• \·e 11i11 g· l· l1i !I. ~\'( ' l w~ i 11

sl owl y to d es<:e11d t l11• 111 1J 1111 Lti11.

NJ\T\ : IL \L

\I. 1;. \V .

,\ :'\I> J\J{'l'll·' I C IAI . ()JUITTS !1\
l 'O l\i .J LI N C'I' !U 1\.

M <>I> I•: r ..
i\1'1'.

I\ EN ESA \V .

Th e 8lll l \\' as ~], , \,· l y si11 k i11 g- lw 11eath thP g-ra .v lin e o f rnou11tains
i11 il1 t> wetit. 'J'Ji,. '"'CP ll l lta d liec 11 s te<•p. Leo a.nd 1 lirul been
climbing rapidly . ·p:u is i11 g 0111,v 0 11CP or twi ce 011 the way up to
brea t li e. T he a ir of nn rt lil'l'll (; eorg ia 111ak Ps 0111• t>qu a l to alm ost
any t ask , h owe n·r, :rnd m• we rn al last stamlin ){ upo n the s u mmit
whi cli She n11a11 , I " "' tily -s,. ,·,·11 .1·.. ars b ..·fon·, had sl ri ve11 so va inl y
t o rl'a.ch .
Tl1e onl y obstacle tha t i\lt. l\ e1 tt·saw had o ff •red us was ilti own
steep an d r11 gi.;1·tl ,j.J ,·s, a11d \\e now rc,;ted upo 11 its huge, ung ua rd ed e mb ank111 e11ts, llu· si l1•11t witn eRse8 on«e o f that bloody
stru gg l• ', and 10P k1 ·d 1lo w11 a t tli ..• sce ne o f l11' 1u1t.y a 11d l't'}'ose lyi11g

A Ru s t it.: Bri1lg 1 • •
CP. 111.ra l Park .
C arn1elo 1\ l iss io11.
Li gh t-ll o11se Hoc·k.

Th e Old Mill.
A Vi s it t o tlt e C li tr l l1111 se.
A l>ese rwd lt a 111·l1.
H11i11 s IJy 1\1 0011lig ht.

L e t w; cldi111· 1"lc:1.l'l y just wl1a(, s11l1jt'l:[,-; aw ""ntemp l fl.te 11 in tl 1is 1·xe r eise. O n th e 01 1e l1a11d w1· h a Ye :tlread y <.k ;tlt. with naLure and he r J'l'rnl11t"t.", :rn<l <111 Ll1e
oth e r 11and w e h av e touc li l'•l l o :-11111 e e xl1, 11 t 11po 11 ct- r-

l >l".S C I: I I 'Tl ON.

Lai n ('J"(•;ttion s or man, if \\' (' lll :t.r c:dl :L er ea ti oll t hat
whi (' h is m e rely an acl :1pt.ll i1)Jl and eo 111hin:ttin11 of the
inan imate prod1wt,-; o f 11 :Lt 11rP . \\ 'l' s J1aJl rc l11rn ;1t<ain
,..,
to n]ijecfs nf tJiis latte r class as \\'C fin d t J1e111 i11 tJ1e ir
highest fill'lll 11f pure :nt. Now lieLwcl' ll tllt'se Lwo extre u1 cs of 11:dure and art li e all c.: ornl,inalions of t h e
t w o in wl1ich 11 :1l1 1n· is a11 i111 atn and is allowt'd at. lt:ast
i 1a r tial fn' L'tl\1111 tn work 011( ltt· 1· ow11 t: nds . ]]., re we
ca n dist i11 g 11i,.;J1 t 11·,, prl'lly ,.;J1a ri'l y d 1·f i11 t•d 1·a...;l's, both
of \\·lti c l1 ct111 H: 1111dt'r flu· l1 \': 1d t1f tl1 e j'l't'Sl'lli t·xi ·n·i,.:c> .
Tl11 : o ne is 1·xt•111]'lilit"l \\'ltl'n·Y('r 111:Lll lias attt ·lllJ' l t·d to
t·o 1itrol or dir«1·L tl1t• :Ld in· f(lrt'l'S o!' 11at11rc Lo sul,s 1·n·e
l1is ow11 id t·als 11 1' llSt'f1d11t ·ss o r J,\'a ll t_r . Tltw.; w e fiiul
th e l1ills idt·s c11 11 1·1·rtt'd i11t11 yi1lt'yan ls, tlu ; pr:Liril's i1do
fan11s, the wa ll'rfall i1ito :l lll <'c l1:u1i1·al ]J1 1\\'1T, t li c u ro\'e
.
0
111!0 a p:Lrk wi t Ii lakl's :111'1 f111111tai11s :wd :l 1·t•Jll1L•s .
Till' 11tlll'r cas1· i; 1·x1·111plilied wli c ren' r 11at11re l1:1s r e<' lai111ed :u1d as,.;\;rll•tl domi 11i1 111 on·r Ll1t• \\· ork~ of m a n.
Tli11s a l'omp• :ii is !Juri ed lw 1wal11 a,.;lH ·s a11d ,.; 1·ori:e, a
d1·,.;(' r kcl clw L·ll ing lH ·eonJ<•,.; tlu : lair pf \\·iltl l1(•as (...;, ,1
t"w\'r fall,; ston e frtJlll ,.;l<Jllti 11·l1ile f111w e rs hl oo 111 i11 it.s
c: ran11i e" a 11tl i1·y and 11111,.;s",.; rn:1k1 · J.t'at1lif11l tl11 : 11Hi>' t
H'J1 ttl si 1·1· fi11al ,.;tag1·s 111' tlt'l·ay.
J·:: wl1 l1 :1s its ..I1 a r11 1,
di,.;ti11d, :lll tl 11 1111 1i,.;tak:il.J ... r11 r tl11111gl1 111 a11',.; \\'11rk is
1·1·1·r i111i l:1t irn1, iii.-< i111itati1111 tl1: 1l 111 ak'"" 1111 ;Ll lt·nipL t,0
dt'<"l'i ,., ..
:-; 0 111" f\'atun ·,.; 111 :1_1· i11 1l11 ·111,.;1·h·<·,.; d """n·,· more atte utio11 tl1a11 ot llt'rs, :111d yd 1!1., n·latin• pn1111i1w11 ce gi ve n
to va ri o 11s f1·al1rn· s 11f tlw ol1j1 ·t'( tl1· s 1 -r il ~· tl m ay dqwnd
<111 exkrna11 · 1>11, itl. ·1~1 ti .. 1L-<. It ma:· ,...,f..l y J...· ~i.,· -< e rt.-d
t11at nn wn i~·, "j•l • · '-. ' t.· ·"
• ·'····, \•· : · tl ie "<lme ·1m 11 ~: ~ ·111 n
from tho:> . u··- •.1.:. ~- :. . 'f l"' f arm.:r an J .u1 k 1uU.' lDtcS.i
·

N AT l ' llAL .ANI>

Al:'l'tFIClAL 011.ll·:CTS.

m an n.n<l tl1u :trfo;t will l o11k 11pou a ,.;trelcl 1 11f l1ill :uHl
\'l'r)' diffe rt'11L t~ye,.. .
Now ll•l 11111 1 of 11 s
can ge l tlw,.;e 1lifft)rL'llt i111prcs,.;io11s 111 t hl'ir 1·11t ire ,·i1·idness, a11tl yet it 11t·1·11111 es our dut y i11 tl1 ·snil1in g t11
con s ult as far a.s po,.;sil1le t11 c ta...;tes a11tl vi1·11·s .,[ tli11s11

valley " ·it li

whom we ;1n1 acldrl'.ss i11 g· and t u c 111pl1:1sizc tl11 1 pni 11t-;
whid 1 t.llt' y \\'otiltl 1·:Lnl p:trtin1l:u·ly to l1 a1·1: l'lll J'l1a...; izcd.
J 11 lib.; 111 :u111 e r, 11 oi 0 11ly tl1 e d:tss 11f n ·ad1·rs :Ltil1rns,.;"tl,
lJUt tl1L: ti u1 e and plan; :u 1d cin·11111st.u11·t's g1·ner:tll y ,
s1101il•l l1:L n1 111ttl'h iuf1111 ·1w<' i11 dd .. r111i11i11 .~· 1111r llll' I li 11 d
of tn·n.t 111l'nL All uf t11i ,.; is 1111\ y a 11utlH·r 11·ay ,,r ,.;a ying LlnLL in d1•,.;cri pli11 11 \I'll ,.; \io11ltl 151'/Pcf a d1:fi11it 1· 1• 11 i11f
of vi1 "1V. Th e poi11l ,,r ,·i1·11· i,.; l1 ere tak t· n t11 n1<·;u1, i11
tl1c tl L·,.;eripti n11 o[ a l:u1tbc:Ll'" Jor iu ,.;l: t1HT , 1111L 011ly
t,lt e t11pi c:1l ['""iti1l11 11f tl1e <ll',.;n il,l' r, l111L ah•> Iii,; 11H·111:tl
aUitutl(', so (o " JH):1k. \V e w:u1!. ( t> k111111· 111111· ltt• is'
inclined Lo lo11k at Ll1ing-s. If li e d csnilws :t 1111:adowln.rk w e want to know w h et li e r li e tl u(1,.; it :t,.; :t pn<'t o r
a:; a llat nrnlisl, so tl 1at \\·e sl1all kn1111· fr11 111 wli:i l ,:i;1 11dpoint \\'L~ arc to rea(l a11cl c ri t ic ise . Tl 1i ,.; p o i11 L 11f 1·i1•11·
:;h o uld lie d1:;1rly i111li c: Llell Stl lll c ll"li l' rt' i11 t ilt' lll' g i11nin g , and i i' il i,.; ,.;hifted at a 11y tilltl', as of l"P llrse it,
may \Jc oe«a,.; io11:11l y, tl11: n·:Hl e r ,.;]1011ld l1:t\'e f1 il l
wan11ng.
Tl it! f11ll1m·i11g s:u1q1l e ck,.;e riptim1 j,.; tak " 11 fr11 111 ( >li1·,:
Scl 1n:i11L:r's ,','f ury ''.(

1111

Afr ir:an F1ir111:

Tltt· fu ll Afri crlll rn otJ11 p o ured tJ.,\\' 11 ii." li g lt t fr11111 1111 : l.J11"
sky i 11 to ti lt' wi1IC' , lo11ely }'lai11. The dry, ":u1tl y l'arth w ith its
coatin g o f ,;l11111«d "k:1 r ro11 ·· lrn ,;l ... s :t r.. w in ch1•,; hi g lt, the low
hill s that skirt ed t he plai11 , tlw 111ilk-u 11 sl1 t>,; with tl ... ir l1111g fi11g1•rJike leaves. all were touched hy a weird and alt11u,;t 01•pn·~,;i1·e
bea uty as they lay in the whit.e light.

T11 o ne spoL 011ly \\'as tJ,.. s(ll+' 11111 rn o11 ul1 111y of tlH• J•lain l1roken.
l\l'ar tlw C• •ntn! :i. ~ 1nall solil a ry "koJ>je" ros<!. Al111H1 it lay
tllC' rC', a 11t•ap of ro1111 1l irn nsl11111•,; pilc ·ol rni.· 11111 i11 a1111tlwr, a8 over
some ~ giant's ;..:ra1·i·.
lkrl' an d ll11·n• a f.. w t11fl,; uf gras.' or s1rnill
~ 11<;c 1il 1 ·11t l'la11l s li acl s1 •rn11,; 11p a11 1011g its sl<> 11 C's. a11cl 011 Ll1e very
s11 111111it a <'l 11 111J> ,, f pri..J;Jr J11 •ars liflo'd tl11 ·ir tl111rn y ari 11 s, and
rl'll1·ct. ·d, as fro111 111irn1rs. 1lw ll1!Hl11lig l1t 0 11 fii Pir l•ro:11 l fl eshy
l1·a l'CS. ,\ l tl w r.... 1 of 11,, . .. J,,>J•j l' .. la y ti ... l1111111 :slt· ad . First,
tlic· ,;lo11,·-11·:ill1'<l ,l1o···1• kra:ib :111 .I ha lli r 111 11 ., ; 1,..1·1111d 1!11 •111 Lhe
<lwt·lli 1 1 ~- l1011,;1• - a s•111:irc• r•·d Jq·i,·k lo11il .Ji11g \\'i l l1. tl1 :it .. lll'cl roof.
E1·,·11 () 11 its li:tr" r.·.J wa lls, a11 d tl11· 11·1101J..11 ladol +' r lli at J.. d 11p lo
Llic lnl'I . ll1" 11 1< ,. 11di.t;hL \':t sl a k i11d ,,f drl' at1 1y l11·a11l y, a1i.l qui te , ·
Plli1 ·1-. -:tliz1·d 11,,. 1,111· l•ri('k wall tl1at ran J.. . r.. r .. tl11 , !""''"" and
wl1i c: l1 l·11 cl 11:·H·d a l 1a r1• patd1 111' ~ a11d a 11d tw n s tr: q.~g lin g sunJlu\\' t' I':'.
()11 t i ll' zi 11\· l'lHl f 1J f tit" g re a t u1 1l' l l wa g 11n- h ol t:'t' , 0 11 the
l'O•il's of llw 111it !.11il,Ji11 gs tlial j1 ilf1·ol fro 111 ib :< id .. , l111 : 11111111.Jig-lit
g li11fc•1l \l·itlt :1 <J lli ft• l" ''' " J;.1r l1r iglil111'ss, Iii! it st••• 111 .. d find. ci·ery
ri l, in tl1t • 11\ t>tal

\\:t:-i

,,f 1111r11i:·d 11·d :-, ih·t·r.

~I · ·• ' ! '

rnl ,.,J ,.,·,.ry\\' l1t·n- . :i11.! tlw 11111111·,f ·· :"I was ll<>l lt•ss quiet
tlia11 t he ~ol i t a1 ·y 1>l a i11 . . ..
Tl 1e far111 by d:i yl ight was no t as t.l1 c Linn J,y 111<1011 li glit. The
1•lai11 11·as " \l'l'ary fl: d. of l11•JSt', n·d sa 11d , 'J•:11·s.·ly c111·1·rc" l hy dry
"karrt"' ·· l11 is li• ·s. tl 1at crarl; ··· l l•('lll'atli 111" l r(' acl lik1· ti1 111L• r, anrl
sh1>wed 1111· ro •d t·arlli <'l'<• ry11·h· ·n•. ll 1·re a11tl ll11 ·n· a n1ilk-b 11sh
lifted il8 J'"h·-•·ol<>rNl rod s, :i11d i11 <·l'l' l',\' din •<·li .. 11 tlw anl~ :\lid
l>cC't.ICs ra n al 11 11f. i11 fl,.. l 1 la z i11 ~ s: 111d. Till' r.•d walls of Lile farrnli ousl', Liu• zi1 1c roof, ,,f fli t: 011flo 11ildi11 g·s, 1111 : ~t' "" ' walls of tho
kraa b, :ill r··fl,., .f,·d 11 11· li l'l'l'I' s 1111l ig lil. tiil 1111' 1•\'1• ;i .. l11·1 l and
0

lilt 'I H'l n ~d.

\ 'q

t1 v1•

<11"

~lir11l1

:" 1'~· 11 far 1°11 · 1w:ir. Tlie
tlu.: d11e1r, 011l:-. l :tr1· d J, _\' th e ;-; 11n,

wa:-:; l o. l it..·

t.\u 1 ~ 11nt1 0\\' 1 -·rs il1 :d sl1~111l h •f11n•

dr" "i'"d (li (• ir )q·:i zc·JI r, ...,.,.. f., 11 ,.. sa11d , :111d 1111 · Ji111 .. ··i.. ada-like
ii ist•els cri"d a l<>11t l a111011 g fl1t• sl w11·s o [ tlw .. k111•j l'."

~1

NA'l'Ul t E rN A CTlVlT\'.

]lE:jl'JU l"l'IO?\ .

u sed t o soften :1nt1 l Jleml the a r t ifi c ial wi t h tl1 c nalmal
object'> , allll tl1 e n liow slmrpl y th e y all stand <>11(, in tl1 e
How is the point u[ v iew takeu at tl1e lie -

sunlight.
ginning?

EXEI W ISE XXX .
NATlJIU: IN J\CTl\' ITY.
S11l~jp1 ·ts :

Tlt P :Juh 11 ~tow1 1 Vlo11d.
'Tl tn.J ug h a Ft•n·:--L FiP· .
A l'rairi 1• Fir...
The Recf•11 t Ear1J,.111:1 k1 '.

A S1111risi· a t ~a.
Niagara Falls.
A Th1111dersto r111.

A

\Vinci ~

lhv.

The se sulijec t"l rn:ty Sl'l'lll t o s u ggest on ly tlll' m ost
striking p h e nome na of natl 1n : alill the gn ·:i L ra v;tgt• s
Sucli, it is LruL' , 111:1kt~ strongl·r

whi e h h e r forees effeet.

impre s s ions u n th e ol.Js e rv e r aml aw:tk e ll k e c'lll'r i11(.e r('s(
in the r c a Ll e r, so Lli:tL tl1e y •Lre fan ,rite sul1jed.-; for <kscription.

But t1o

JHJL

allnw farnili :Lri Ly or i11diff,·r"11,·t•

to ulinJ you Lo tl1 e striking a.sped;; of 11at11 rn 's ('li:u1gin rr mood as e xl1ibit.tocl :thou(, yoll dail y .
b

•

Tl1l' s111Jri st·

li<: a,; h e :\.lllifitl as :111y :1 l ,;,· a .
The st.o rrn that hreaks ti e r ·ely ov e r yo i1r l11·ad 111ay h1•

from y nur wi11J uw

Jll :L.)'

little less sul>lirne t.li:u1

t lmt wl1icl1 llllrl.l l's abnnL Ll 11~

peaks :tnd e: Lree rs Jo,1·11 the vallt· y s o[ tlit~ ,.\l11s.
D esc riptions of tliis c hss do not ofteu l1av1• f1 1r LltL·ir

Th e pnn ct n at i11 11 or t lw ahn\' e ma.y 110!, rtl\\'ays be the

desig11 the mere impart i11 g of information.

Th<tL is,

mosL rational, 11or are tlH· n ·!at.ive pn11101111s 111at i<Lged

th ey are 11 uL nsu;tlly uf a s c ie 11 Lifie e ltarneLe r, IH1 L r;tt,l1 e r

very sl,illfull .1-. ln1L as a 1•i('L'l! o f d1•seriptio11 it is stnrng

.of a. iitera ry o r arl isti e one.

anc.1

vil'iLl.

l\ utice l1ow effectively Llie lll oo11lig l1t is

The oLjec L is to in terest.

and pleu..-::e the r e<tcle r, t o e r e aLe i11 !tis miml, i11 :tll its

~- .':$

l>E:SCltll''l' l1 >:-<.
original vi,·idn css, the pi cture whi ch t he writer lul.'!
see n, <t11d tn arnu.-;c in him i ill: s;u 11 e c1nntions whid1 the
\nit.er has felt. To cmnpass this ohjc\:t i11 any salisfaclory degree r eq uires the use of cn nsid,·rnl1ly " 11e i,,Jtt, ,. I
"'
cnetL
:rnguage ; fnr tl1e st rnngesL words an : Lut weak
pi ctu re- ma ke rs 1·11111p:tn·d \\'illi t l1n flyi11g d1111ds anJ tl 1e.
everLLsting liilk \\'c ust: t l1is IH :igld1•J1t:d language
wl1 c 11 e vt~ r \\'t' i11trrnl11 ce \\·11rd s or ('\ J•r('s.-;iu11s t l1a t seem
elevated alio\·c ttl' i11 any \\':I_\' 1·1·n 1o ve d frttlll t Iii: sph ere
of sober Ll1uugl1L and :-:i111ple f1 :di 11 !!. J\1111H 1n· other
' ·'
I:>
things, fi g 11n:s of :-:p1'l'('li. - sin1ile a11d 111etapl1or, perso11ifi eatio11, f'Xl'hrnatin11, :1postrn1Jht:, a11titl 1csis, -- are
11 at1 1rn ll y antl frl'1·l.1· l'\'SOrt!'d to. \\' e ca ll these orna1n1·1its of spt,.Tli. a1 1d say tli1·y s1·n•e L•> g iv e the artistic
tnut·l!l's tl 1at \\'L' 1ksin·.

Let us s1~ 1: 11<111·, if \l'l~ ca11 . j11st in \\'l1at eo 11sist trne
a rtis til: or literary ton cli c,;, these nrna11 1e 11ts of eoniposition. J\ re \\' c at lih•rty to adnpt anything tliat is in
iL-;clf oma1111·11t:il '! Can we :d\\·;Lys d1:pe 11 d lllJOll its
giving a happy l'ffl:CL'! flow is it i11 art in gt!llernl?
lfnw is it i11 lifr·» " ' liy an: y111 1 11ot d1arnH"d wit.Ii tli e
,;avage 's p~ti11t a11d f\,;ttl1crs '! \\'hy does a costly watch
l'h<tin not <li,.;l' l1·:1,.;1· you, \1·liilc a pair of diam1H1tl earrings d1H·s, and l!\'t•11 :t :-.:110\\} finger ring, in t.h c,;e days
\1·l1 en seals •tn: i1°1 111 nn., !<l!l.s yo n il1i11killg '? You say
these tl1i11gs off1· 11d a c ulti\·:1(('d ta;.;tc . \Vl1a t is a e ult.i~, a~c d tast e " SJ 1all 11·e :-.:ay tli:~l. whate ver else it may he,
i t is a laslu that takvs delight in t hin gs ornamental
mil_y wl1~·11 they al 1.lw sarn e time pbinly serve some
ultt~ ri o1· en<l '1 1f thi s is not t·l1 c tnitl1 it is srn11ew here
near it. Tl 1us mu ch \\'C rna.r safely say: that i 11 iitcrature, as in art i11 general, as in all the avenues of life,

N. \T UHJ•; I'.\

ACT I V IT\'.

that which is arti fic ial aml purely urnamc n tal rna y lie
enjoyed and eve n tult:rntcd only wh e n it docs not so
mucl1 sl1in e witl1 its 0\1·11 l1l'at1ty as lend lustt'I' ltt tl1:1t
which it is illlernletl L11 1H'a11tify . E v1·ry 11n1a1111·11 L
must fit naturally in ur appt·: L\' to spri11g fn1111 " ·liat it
adorns. You rn•LY 11ol \\'it.11 iu1ptll1i ty f.,n· e a tig1;rc (Jr
speccl1 into a <·01 1111ttsiti1111; iL m11sL sc1·m tu lwltt11,1.-'.·
there hy 11atural rigl1t. Tl11:ru will lie t.lic same diflnenec in cfTcct that tlicrc is lwtw<:c JL tl11: pai11t u11 tl1 c
society wom:rn's d1l·ck and t.lic eo lttr i11 t]1., ;;d1uol-girl's.
You co uld nu t t.akt,; \ Von1sw\lrt.li 's l"1111krow; fig 11rc,

and insert it, i11 Ol1e of Sl1 clky's ddi call' d esni11litt11;;.
If your figures l1t'.lp lo convey to .)' •>ttr n·adl'l's yt111r
own impressio ns, if yo ur l1cigl 1tc 11 ed la11,i.;·u!1.gc ad11all y
arou:-;cs in Lhcm tl1e e1noti1111s yo u d es ire tu ar1011;;v, \1· .. Jl
and good. Hut lit: t·l1ary .. r 1trllana:11L fur 1tn1:1111(·1it '.~
sake.
Tl!E TOH.NADO.

Soon t.he st.am :1.r" !tiddo•11. /\ lig!tl. lon'<'Zl' or·1·111s r<tl l.,. r '"
treml.Je an1l ha11g l"'ist·<l ll1a11 tu ltlow. Tltc: ro lling ,·J1Hl•1', ti:•·
dark wildeni css, ;1.11d the walo·ry waste ;;!ti111' ottl ,.,.l'l',I' 111 onw 11I
in the wide gleam of li ghtni11 gs Hl ill ltid1kn loy the "' '"d, :111d «r"
wrapper! again in ever-t.hir:ke11i11g tla.rk11eRs ov1· r wlti l" lt I!1t111d .. r s
roll and jar and allH\\'L'r nri<· a.11,,l ltt·r aert.»'S the sky. Th1· 11. li k•.:
a charge of lell thousand lallcers, co rnc the wi11d and iii•· rain,
their onset covered uy all the artilh:ry of heaven. Tltt: li .L'. !tt11ir1g,;
leap, l1is~, a11tl ],]aze; the tl1uu<lcrs craek and roar: tho : rain bsl11»';
the waler:; wri t.Ii<:; the wind s1nit1·:; a11tl lwwb . J.",,r fiv.-, fur t<-11.
for twenty minutes-for an hour, for two htJurs - the ,;ky a11d
the flood are never for :1.11 i11sta11t wh olly .-la rk, or th., tl11111ol.,r for
one moment silent; lout \\'hile the uni versal roar si11k' :tn1l swt'll:;,

.

._

J)Jo;SCH ll'Tl.O'.'>.

a11d tl1e wid1·", v i!.ra11t. ill 11111in:ili o11 KhO\\'S all thin g-s in g-hostly
li:tli-cn 11c(•alnwn l, fn·.'h flof1<ls o[ li~lil11i11;..: ('Yl'r.\· ll !O ll ll' lll rend
111': di lll c 11 rlai11 :t1 1d l1•:1p forllt ; tl11· h l:in• .,f day falls lll•"n the
swayi11g- wood. llit• n·1·l i11 .L:". Lnwir1;:. to~~ i11 g- willnw,..;, lite Sf•1 ·U1 ing

\l':tl•·rs, 11,., \\'l1irli11,t:; rai11. a11d i11 tl1e 111id,t, th" Kt11all fur 111 of th ,,
di :·d,n.>sSP1l ~t•:a11H·r 1 l1v r l't'\'iih·i 11 ,L!" p~lddl L'- \rlwcb t.uili11g lH' l1i11<l to

ligltt.e 11 Lite sl rai 11 11p.. 11 ht·r a111·Ji.,r cliai11s; t lw11 all arc di111
g ltost.s agai11 , ll'itile a 111·al, a~ if tJ,,, l1ea1.,,11s \IT l't : rc· nt., rullo uff
aroun1l tl1e ~ky , cn11u•s l.;1 ck in ;-; J1ocli.:-; a11d Uiruh;-; , a1Hl si11ks in
~ ... _lu : 1g r1Jtlr U1aL l1vfu n• it ('I.Ill di1 · i:'i :-; \\·:tlluwed up i11 tlit ~ ll t' Xt

fl ash a11ll f'l':tl. c!t:i ['Ler x 1· iii .).

( ;,.urgl' " " l'al1it-, i11

Sunri.'e in f'",.11 ;,.l' . P1wt11 l 1y ,J o~ 1 q11i1 1 ~ li ll+ ' r.
Jfi!Jh 'J'/r/e nn t/1 1• ('ulf .'if 1;/ f ,i11f'u/11s/1in'. l -' ,w 11 1 11\· .J. ·;111 111 .~··I( •\\.
'l'ltu F luu•l. T /1 P. .ll ill 1111 tl1 e I'/11,..;s , l 1111 1k \ii, 1·J1;q ,t1·r \'. L1·1'1 -.. .:.···
Elin!.
SLur 111

clmpter.

off

t.lie

('1Ja :·•L

of

;--;.,·!1tl:i11 11.

.l1 1trf1' 11r{

r:/

/Jun·,

Ll:'"!L

IV ill ia11 1 l\Jal'k .

EXEl\CJ:--;J·:

1Jo1111 cf·11/11ri: (All Lur;J'',

X:\Xl.

c u: ,\Hl :->!; \\' E:\Tlll-:H

lL wa s a \\'art11 aul 1111111 afti ·r 11 no11, and there had l1ee 11 a l1 ertv.Y
ra1 11. Th e s1111 lntr:<L >'t1d11"11ly fro m a111<i11g ti t" cln11.Js; a1 1d Ll1e
uld l•allh·-gru1111.J , ><1•:irkl i11g J.rillia11lly :11111 cl11 ·1• rf11lly at Kig ld, of
iL i11 OIH ' grL'Cll pl:H'i', 1J;i ... J11·d a. n· :-.: 111111:--i\'1' \\·e k1111H' t l1 t' l't' , wl1ielt
SJ' l'•·:td :tlo 11 g- llu: (·1>111dry si.J,. as if :1. j.,yfltl l•l':tco 11 liad l>ee 11
liglil 1·.!

1q1,

a11d :u1 s\\'t• n ·d

fr11111

a tl1 1111 ... ;i11d st:dit111s.

S"f:/r.cl., :
.\ 11 Ll. 1 · 11sc~. n \' ;1.'" ·
\l icli;ll'l .- \ 11g1·l11 ·,._ ·· I .:t.'"' i .J 111! .:. :.

A SPasi'11' \'i lia .
St. A11tln ·w·s Cli11rc·l1.
The l'a.rtlH' t1 u11.
] 11cl ian l3ea.J ll'<•rk.

1111'\il ."

Tl11· l.;111 v11i . 11 I ; ri•tq•.

ll f!\\' lw;lltti fttl llw l:1111bl':tJ•' l;i11d li11g- i11 tlu· li :.; lit , a11d tl1:tt
l 11:\11ri;111 l

l11tl 11t·t1t't'

J 1 ; 1....;~ i11g

ttti

1ik('

a

n·l1 ·t' tial pr1·:--: •'lt l·1·, l1 i·ig- l1 L-

! '1' !11 • \\rnlfl . a. sn111hn• 111;1 :-- ~ lu· f11n ', r• •\·•·a! .. ,I
its \ ' ilfii·d fi1il~ uf ,\' ' •JJ1i\\', .L:Tf'"ll, 111·11\\' ll. n ·d
if." di11'1·rerif ft l l"!llS
\) r l.fl'4' ,"i) \\ il ll r<1it1 - d rc~1··"' g litll·l"ill .~ l/ll tl11·ir lt•;t\"I '.'\ ;\lld lwi11 kli11g:tS fi1t·y f1•l l. 'l'Ji,. \ '1·rda11l 1111·:td11w-l:1 11d, l> rigi1i a11d gi owi11g,
K• 'l' lllC:t l "' if it !tad '"''' I I 1,J i11d .. 111i1111Ll' ~itt('t', :u1 d ll OW had
t"J1111d a sv1 1se of li g" l1t 11·lw n ·1r i1lt to i<•uk up at tl1 e ,; J1i11i11 g sky.
1·1 1l1 1.l!' t'\'1•r_\' ll 1i11 g

( \1r1d i1·ld:-i , lwd gt·-n1w:->, f+· 1w1·:-;, lio1111 ·:·dt· ad s, th u t•l11 ~ lt·rf..'d

rou f;-;,
l lw st.e"I''" of 111" t·l111r1·l1 , t],.. ,;fr,.:11 11 . llw \Yal'<·rt11ill, all spra11g011t, of Uie g·luu 111 y dnl'l\ 11\·:-: .... l"t 11ili11 .~ . 1~ ird ~ ::;a 11 g- t'Wf'(•tl y, flowers
r;ti:-;etl t,lwir dr1 1upi 11g' l1t·: 11I:-: , fn·:-:li :-'<·1·1ll:; arn:-;t• fro111 Lhe ir1 vig-or;i t,,,,j grn 1111d; tl11; lil11L' 1·x l'a 11 s1· :ii'"'"' e:d<•11d1 ·d a 111l di ffused
it.self: alrvad y th e s1111 ',; sla11li 11 .~ r:t.\·s ]'i• ·rced 111 o rta ll y t lie ;;ull1•11
hank uf cloud that li11 g1• r1·d i11 its lli ,~ 1tl ; :111d a rai1 d1ow . s11iril

(If all the <'< • 1.,r.~ that. ~,.J.,n11·1l th e <·artlt a11.J ,;l;y, s1 •a1111•·il tl11,
" ·!tole a rl' l1 wit Ii its lri1 11r11•h:lllt g- lorv . - ( ' !tarl••s lliekl·11 s, in
I 'hrist111!ls /Ju uk., (Tli e JJl( !/lr rf /,1j(•, ]'art ii i.).

TltL~ <lillit·11ltil's nf l11c·,-. : , \,·,.; nittli1111,.; \\ill 1"· .c.::1« · ;1~.

rd' •. ,, 11 r:-.:j•

ill

i• l'O JH ll·t·1\)11

a:--:

ti1t~

lii.c:·llf'I' ,.;Lt ,'. ~< : ,.i· tl.:v 1·lol'ttll' tt L 111

1dJ.i t '1·

n · 11r 1·;-.;1· 1it.'-'

:l

iJ,.; u\1 ·11 lii·l ii .. 1· "tl.

Tlit.:n; is a y;i,.;L dillt·l'l'll\' L: i1< :Lwvc1 1 a l\alir l111l :111d :c
Gotliit.: L:<Lll1t.:dral , l>eL\\'('<.' ll an lndia11 :-;trnw 1111 ;1;.c:•· and
n, ]'raxitelL·an
( •,..:4 [ I lt ~

C'l 11 Ill g_·!, I

st; t! u""

Tl1 e

l\:1ti r lt11t 111;1 y 111 : Jiid11r-

111 1· t,.· \\· ,·1,· . l<tit it i.s 111•t ;1 \1·11rk •• r a1·t
.1

'
'"
·'.V

arnl i:-. nut i1il <: 11tlcd to lit:; i L i:-. llllilL J11 r its 11tilit1·.
On tl 1e ut l 1e r l1a11tl a <'<dl!l'ilral 1s 11,.;dul i 11 its \ \';t1·, li11t
· 11t ly <L \\'Ill(
l " 1· a 1·t..
In f11r111 ;111,\ ""! .. :·.
it L" i•ree 1111nl·
in li i.'.·lit ;111'1 :-.l 1: ul 1·. i11 111;\S.S :111il ]ll' l'S]H'\'li\t ', i L i.~ il1 ·si,:.:;1wd tlin111gl10 11 t. t" ;q1111 ·;tl tu t111: a :,;lltl·l11· ""11.-..i; ;u1.!
to work <> 11 t l w 1·mn t .1011s <• [' 1·l1t'. ]111111:1.11 l11·art.. J\,; a

work 11f ;ut tl1crdme it 11111,;t he 1le,;nilw<i.

\\ \• l1;1n:

··.';'

";

t,; ,

... ~

86

DESCHII'TW.N".

IJESCIUPTLON OF l'EHSO NS.

alrcad.r d c::;crilJcd ln1ildi11g:-; from :u1nth c 1· point of view.

a person who met l1im for tlie llrst time . This rnea11s,
'. of course, that tl1e description ::;l 1all be une almost l:ll-

B 11 t eve n an ordinary cl well in g-l1ou:-;e ma.r be constructorl so as to attract tlie eye of the pa::;::;cr-hy as
well as to co11t rib11te Lo the co mfort uf t l1o::;e who Jive
ii~ iL Thu~ we l1ave two radieally d ifferc11L j>oi 11 t::; of
v iew. In t11c prc:-;c11t cxerc i::;e tl1e poiut ,,f· \'!Cw is
tlmt of a per,.;on who l 1as an eye for arti~tie ofl'<·d:-;.
1\ otc that tlte point (If vil'w is not said t.1 1 lie that
,.f the st 11dc n t of ll1tl l11:a.11 tif1tl or tlie CtJllll<•i::;seur in
:11'.L.. _'J'lie work IJl·fun; }(J ll is :-;till d es1·riptiu1t a11d 110t
ent1e1,;111, '' l1i('l1 htt1T i11voh·1·s ern 111•ari:-;01 1s ai1<l Llie
pa..::;::;ing <if i11di v id lla l judgme11 L. Try t" lt·l I what
you can plainl y sec, aml no t all that ,ruur i111agi1 1at. ion
may rea<l 111tn t11e olijed, no r all lliat yo u think ::;J1ouhl
lie t!1ere a11d is no t. 1la\' e tl1e ol1jed l1efore yon if
pos:stl1le. It is nut sak to tr11st to m e 111ory. Few
paintcrn nr s c ulutors will vent11re far witlH111t. th e ir
m od els . Yo11 arc a word-ptintcr 11nw.
There are ot her Jields of art in whi c h the artist
a11peals to otlicr ::;c1Jses tlia11 the sig-l1t. But description l1 vn~ l>eco111l'-" ,;u cx tre11 1\· ly clitlit·1ilt Lli:tt it is
deerncd lit:sL to 0111it it. H \\'\J1il1l i11d eed lie rnsli,
unless one wen: ext·l·ption:ill_v well eq uipped, to attempt to dcs c ril1c a11 "l)..;·;1:1 f'lgt 1c or an orchestral
sy 111 pl1011_r.

tirely of externals, - of t h o:"e qualities, esse ntial nr
adventitiou::;, which rnanife::;L tl1emselves at 011ce t.11 tl1u
Cl1arnder will n()t play any part i11 t11is \'X<'C'pt
so far a,.; it can lie inferred frorn sueh fea.tures as eyes,
complexion, g:tit, a1Hl eve n n1a1111er of 1lress. ] f tlie
d escription is of some Olle w]10 is We11 k1111Wll (1) }Olli'
ren.ders or l1 carers, t ry in lllaku it s11 ;tec11ra1L- ;u1cl lifelike t.l1aL t l11 :y will recognize tl1e :·ml 1jed. at 011t·1 -.
Here ag:1.i11 let us insist 11po11 tl1e n ecess ity of 11l1sr:rvi11g ;t d 1ie J>n•pnrl ion :rn 1l rulatiu11 of part.'< . l >n 111>t
conti1111ally leap from one 11etail to a11ot.l1er witl1rn1t a11y
apparcllt eou 11 eet io11 l1uLWl'\' ll the t.wo, wlil't lwr t.l1< Lt
eonnectiun l>c expressc1l or unt1ur:::tood.
i\.,w a.11.! tl11'11
it may lil: 11 eeessary tn do tl1is. In a 11_r l't1 11q1ositi o11 11f
length tl1erc rn11st h· s11111<' g:1ps in the (rain llf tlH111gl1t
wider tl1an nLl1er"; and p<tragrap!t division is tho ext1Tnal sig11 uf this. But sud1 gaps 11111st ll()t ntTtlr at.
e v e ry se11tenct", an11 e ve n "·licre t.ln~ y tlo tJl'\'llr il·t tltt~111
be n,s n:i.rrow as pl)ssil1L: .
Tl1e following dust ·ri1.ti1111 is t.akl'tl frn111Vil'111rII11.1.;o's
Le.s j)fi,.,fmblc«, l'art l, l:1111k l f, (: Ji apt.er f. The pni11L
of view is that of a cl 1a11t:e obse rver. Nolin: li11w tli1:
general appca.ranec of wn:telietl11es1> lS Ji e ig·Jikll\:d i>_y
dwelling 011 the 1letails of dotl1i11g.

E.\.Eli<' ISE XX.\.ll.
l>E~Cl{ll'TIO.\' OF

l'El{SO NS.

Take as a subject one of your friends, nr perhaps
Letter some 011c whom you have seen on! y once or
twice, a11J de::;crioe l1im (or lier) a.-; lie wouhi appe ar to

{'

Oue <lay earl y in the lllOnll1 of Oct.o her, l tiJ.-., al11111t, an hn11r
before sun set, a m a n l.r;wcli 11 .14 afuut. e nte re1 l the lo\\' n of 11 - -.
The fe w i11haliit.a11lti \\'h" aL thi s 1110111Pn(; clt:wc:Pd to 111: at th eir
wi11dows ur 011 th~ duuroLeps of thei r ho"'" ~, look1·d at thi s tra1·t•ln
with a. vague sense of \lneasi11e:-;..... l)nc \\'01dd 1111t nff,·11 til('<'t. a
wayfarer 111ore wretcl 1t·1l i11 appea.r:111c<;. lie w:t~ a 111a.n uf 111 .. di11111
heigl:t, tl1ick:;d a11d s(11rdy, a1Hl i11 tl11· full 1·i:-;11r uf life. Jl., 111igl,t.

.,;

~-·

;.
l··.

f !l~i'C JO l'T l(l N .

be forty -six or fo rty-.·ight )'C';u·s of a.gt>.
A c:;p \\·it h a leather
tip \\'vii p11l l0: d <lown partly con cPalo·.J his fact · whi1·h was ], ro 11 zed
l>y tl1 e s1u1 and was drip]'ing wi th "w·al. llis shirl, of Home
coarsl• y1·lln\\· ,; t11 il, i"; "i..'""1 at. th .. ti1r .. at L1· a li t I lo· s ih..r a 11clior,
ft.II "]"'II '11iliei .. 11 lly to gin· : 1. .~li 1111 •s" ,,f a ,;1.,, ·"·~'-\" J.,·,.:t' t. He
\\'l 1l't'. a. t.wi :-: t1 •d c r ar; 1I. ;-;l 1a ld •.\. Ln... 1•cl 1t· :-; 1. f i d11 1· fi1 ·ki11 b, wlilte a t
oll e kill·•', \\ <1 1"11 llll"u 11,.:·l1 ;i(, tho· ul lw r. a11d a11 uld laLl,.,red gray
liJ 1,u se, piecl'd at r1nP 11f lilt' 1· llii 1\\·;-; wi th a p:it!··h 11f gT<'f'Jl r1nth
,.,,.,,-,.d ""\\'i i 11 1•:1<·1< -flirt·ad . On l1is L:i .. k 11·· .... ,.,.;,.,J "\\I.JI Jillcd
k11apsa1.: k, ti g l1 Lly 1111\'kl o·d a11d 1p1 it« 111·w ; i11 hi ,; !1:111d au e nor1110 11s kn ott .. d sf i1:k. ][ i.s stoc k i11 .~l· ·ss f1·l't wf·rP t"nras1•d in Hliues
shod witl1 iron .
Iii.-; head wa s s haY l'd, Iii .-; hl'ard l1111 g . Thi\
]>t•rs1• iralio n, tl1t: lwat , ti ... jonrn·-·y 011 fuul , the 1hud , g;l\·e tu liis
who le pe r,;1)11 a. 11 i1ll'xpn-.ssihle air o f 111i ,e ry and sq11alnr.

mi g ht liaYe he"ld 111'1' own a111011g lhf' fairest of h1' r "''X
~111 : ""l·•led h\·o lhi11 gs, - t.wo t.h i11gs whieh "'"·" t h,·
1;P-co111l birt.li .. r \\"""''n. - tlw pr• ·tlv tritJ..s of lwr ~ex , and tJ11, shy

and age .
t

an: <lw e lL upo11 a~
e11 viro11men t .

('11 .\H. \ CT l·: H

;t

l>ES('Hll ' Tl<I\".

HEAL.

,f;11·k: ]',.,.f :Jlld ( l p l 1111i st.
,\11 Ecc .. 1.t.ri c Ciiarat'f.,·r.

011 e of l\ly Fri•·11 d.".

A 1-'ixt<'•'•l Y t' ar ( )]d l'.y11ic.
.A .\li11istc- ri1 10 .\ 11g., ·L

lll'n· n111n· <'S."Clltial aU ril.1it 1 ~,.,

i11<li ca t iv e o f

~
For tliis 1n1rk .\'t•ll s l 1111tlll k11flw ynur s11Lj1·\'t

tlw gi rl's spiritual

The tlesl'ripti1111 ,if· 1: xtcni;d alld physical f1:at11rcs

\\'J •

11.

g- ir l i11 f1 •1•l.J1• l11•alth. '1 nd th nuc:;li thi .-; !'"I"'"''' · i••ii1<·.J 1,, ""
wi th

cliar;tc lv r. ;u1d \\ l1t· 11 1·ou :t,-,;111111 · l•t !;11.,,1· t l1a : 1·l1:ira"t" r

1.liu g1 •11(·ral 111 i""'".Y wl1i ,. Ji f1>r1111·d i ii •: J,a .. 1<t;1"11111d ,.f tli" lifu about
]""" yet l1t'r fa c" wa., ,,.,[, n11 .,J,J fa ct", a;~ tl li e r 1110\'!·11 .. ·n L" and
lwr Y oin~ w1 · n · yo1ir1 ~ :11 1d ·"t•ri.t~ldl y. ~ lw ;-;1 ·1· 11H·d lik i: a :-; ickly

it will oi'l.\·11 he t lw happit•:-:L kind llf <ks('rip t i1111 ttH'l"\'h·
to sugg\·:-:L i L liv th e se fr:tLlm;:-:. The r c adl"r, k11nwin g

:-;J 1r11 li t.ra11 ;-;. pLt1ift'd i1it" 11111·1•JJ .t.: •·11i;d ."i11il.
llt·r Ltir c•1tHJdvxi(i1 1,
h<·r auburn 1t:1ir, hi •r t no-:-d1 ·Jld ··r 1i ,:....:·11r1 ·. g; 1\·1· l11·r ilt11 .~ra f"f• tLat

your 11url'11st1 111 i11I rrn l 11<

111.~

~1ore

a111l sn

:-: ad lH'."S

:111d .s1· lf- ri .,.. ., !rai1 t1. li11h:1· d

!tl'r

m odc• rn c rit.i cs firnl i11 tli e :1rt. ,,[ tlir• J\liddl u Ag<"~. H e r '"'"'·
wlii cli we re g ray wit h a radial ion ,, f dark s treak.-;, <"xpressed .the
S\\'eeLnc·s,; :1.111! res ignation nf a ( ' l1ri st ian. ll o•r dro·ss was Rimpl e
and ch" "l'> li11t. it r e\·.. aJt.d a y .. 111l1r1i1 fo>1111. 1-'lie was J'l'dl.y hy
jnxl.al'os iti"n. lbd , Ji c ),,.,.ll l"'i 'l'Y , J,. . 11 1ig ht ha\·u ],ee 11 lov ely;
fo r happin f"ss l1•11il" ]•n•·f i(' ,. J.arn1 In \\'f•lll<"t1, a11.J .Jn·" ad ,-,r 11 K 1lwrn
lilw a d .. Jicaf., ti11(, of l'<•n .L:'<'. Ir 111•· ]>I"" """'' o f a ],:iJl Lad calkd
out tlw roRe-Linls on l11' r ]'allid f:i,.,. : if tlil' 1·«11 1f,. rh ,,,,,J ,.],.g :ill cieK of lifu l1 a d li!J,,d ""' a11d n·1111td1·l 1·rl l11·r clu:eks. ;dn·ad\·, al:i ~.
too hollow; if love had e,·c r hr ighlt- 11ed h er sad eyes ;-then

k1111wl1·d~t·

~-:- ·

I S :ltJt

exercise tl1aL tlw:-:e tl1in~·:-: 111;w g1\"\.~ a elite 111 tl 11 ~ rl":tl

hal1il11al t·x11re:-:s io11 u f

...
i, .

I t 11a.s saiil 111 tho· h,-t

inte mle <l t11 lw \'X Cl uile1l at a li.

Thon~h J\lad .. 111,,i"•Jl p \ ' i.. t111- i11 t• T ailld1•r wa;; of a .-;i .. kl y ]'ale ness

likf~

! ; •f;•.;_

EXEHCJ:-;E XXXIiI.

Compare wi th Lhe ahuve th e fullo wiug from Ralzac's

I'h·c Oori11t, ;111d note that

Ir \11\ "t• - l1 ·1

t iw111. will lrn :sl

!11 .\'" llr

he a f r;iid o f m i,.;inte r p r e t.ing the m.
Tiie 1·iiarnders Lle:-:c rilie1 l arc tu lie
rca.l, thaL i:-;, a cl 1iall_r exi,.;ti11g, with a.JI tl1('ir n a tura l
virtu e;; a11<l d c frc(s, though of co urse 1vl1!'11 \'!lit are
d1~ <Lli11 g willi a. w1·li-k110\\'11 j•t'r>'nll, <-v1 ·11 111 a ~ 1 ·l 11l•il
essay, JI o l hi 11 g- c a 11 e x n 1se t l ;e fa i I 11 re o n your part to
inti111ak

!lll\.

exe r cise 11"!!1 l'li:i.rih· :1 11il 1·11111l 1·,.;y.
The
~----­
--,~-

h:st

sn hjl'd i11 !li e

Ji,.;t

al11 .v1· li:t.~ lit' <'!! f1,t111d a:1

excdknl 1111l', :111cl 1na1 1: - i1!11·n·sting css:i.1·s :11·1· r<. T<ti l1·il

with

su c h

titl es a.s "Th e Yilbgu Fadolu111 ,"

..

The

. -.:-. ·

1 ~.

00

DESCH J PT!O:\".
C IL\ltACTElt D.E::>C HIPTION. -

Phil osop h er of Pin c Ridge,'' "Une!e Billy,"
.Tmrnrtry, ' ' "D en the U hi lp1i to11s, " "Garesc li c, Ord."
N earl y e Yery e<Jm111uni t.r <'an l)()as t of on e ur more of

tl1osc l" li;1ra<·_t·L'r><_ wl '. "' fpr som e striking pec uliarity or
nn11s11al <1r1 g 111a l it_v 111 tlit'ir nat 11n ~s , are lwanded as ecccn t ri (" . Tli e il" r'.n ''. c~ d not co11 \·ey reproai:J 1_ _ it is by •
110 rn c:rns ah1·a.rs Ill \·1<1w11s.
IL si Ill ply means t liat these
f>\"Oj>l c, in t.lwir jl(;J"snnal appcar;u1 ee or in tl1 eir lmbits
of Ji(l', dl'pa.rL unnsually far fro m t h e sLrnd;inls
tl1 e a\·cragc man recog niz es. Tl1 L' great es t g e nius may
d o t lu tt.
. Not'. e1• in tl1 e f"ll nll'ing linw 1ng1·111011sly
1·1e w JS tak e n a11d l1ow in111ressive Ui c
tks1,; rip t io11 (I f u11 t wanl <l]'jl('<ll « UH · i ~ rnakes tli c su<lden
rcn~ lat i on of t·l1 e rea l man. J\ s1il >j1Tt. of t his kind must
0.C t n•: 1.t<~d S(lllle \\'lt:1 (, lik e tJ1nse 11f till' J'l't~ ('1'<li11g CXCl'Cl>'l' , lor _:,;u c;li :t <'liar;wt er c<tn11nt, frorn it.s vi ·iy 11 ature,
l.>1'. .~ < 1 1ut1mat c ly kno\\'11 to y o11 as that of your bo::;om

fn crn l.
Tl! E llEIO! ! T

I N Tiii·: \\'ILLO\\'S.

_1 a111 s_u rc I do 11 0!, l<11ow what lhnn is """ 111 ·c l ... I wilh the
s•·w11 cl' o l fr og-cal..J1i11 g- '" «S:« ·11li :dl.1· ditr.. r,. 111, fr., 111 all oth er
=--cH· 11n·~, a 11d Ho Yi·ry 11ec 11 liar U1:l1. o1d y f' \'C(•Jitrie ('J1ara d1•rH are
a ldu

~o

Jllll'Stlt '

tlii .'-'

pn1rt• ss io11

with 111ark1 ·d

Hll Cct •s:-; .

Ca n iL be

th .a t frogs
;1 J'C t ht· 11is"I "''' t'Cl'. <'Jtl ri c ' ''llld ·s<> ' ·sin ct•
" 1It) t t 0 S)'lllpa,.
,·.
t J11 ze JS uot to u11dnst a nd ," o ul y "rccl' ii t ri cs" h;wc Uu, ,0 ;,·er to
1
co 111prd• 1c 11d
th e l:1ws whi ch ,...,rron•rn th<·
n 1 ,· ,, ('lS• •IA..'~ )·u~ f'\'1:r 1na.st er
•
•
u f Lh c 1r s 1t1 1ati1>11 '! "'hatn.,·r it is· - •., 11 t 1 1· 1, 1·s n. J111 0s_t vain
· t·o
att.c n'.pt to so lve tl11 : 111ys l1•ry -

the fad n·rnains that the afore-

lllc11 tJ n11 c<l c la ss of i 11di ,·i d11als d oeR ex c1·l iu the afore m e ntioned
'~oca tio u, an 1l fn rtl 1Pn11 n rl', Y• ' ry frw wh o d o n u t b elo ng to that
c .a ss ,.,.,_. ,. at.t .. n11' t 1u ];t'c\1 111" 1•rnft·"ors uf tl1a t 8c i.. nce .
. Ilap]•P. lli11 g t o li1-.: in« <'IJ111tf1',\. wl1<·rn frogs ar~ as pl e ntifuI as
fli " s arc •: lse whc rl' , f J1;L1·1: ofl,.11 had the opport.uuity ,-,f m ee ting

REAL.

!ht' p P<' nliar p t>r sonng1·s who have 1ua1le the lncrati Ye p rofession of fr og-ca tc hin g the ir callin g in life. .l\ o r \\ t"l'tl tJ,., frt'l ings
awakene d by these c han ce 111ec ti11 gs altoge the r tl w,;e of J •le<L.~L1r•',
lor, so far a;; o utward appear a 11 c(•S were Cu JJ Cl" l"ll e d , l l11 ·se odd ii i .. s
ranged all th e way fro m tl1e idiot to the 111: td 111 ;u1. 011, t.l11~·e \\"a;
a variety o f the m; l'l!J•r<)Se ntaLives of uea rl y all 11atiu11ali1i,·,;, :wd,
I am so rry t o say, e\·e n so me of tb e ge utl.·r Sl' X \l' l'. re 11u111b,.n·d
among tlwrn. But J,y for the m ost s triki11 g-ly c11ri11us of t h••111 all
·is" t h e ol1l h c r111it in the will o ws," a s lie i .~ ge ne rall y called ; f,, r
no one kn o ws l1i s nam e.
Nobody wh o has e ye r Sl'e n the little lug hu t s ilnal e1l a t the 1·e ry
· bottom of the ra\·in e wl1i .. h 01 .e 11 s intu the so u l.It e nd o ( La k e
Mer ced , ancl se ve ral 111ilt,s fro111 a 11 y othe r li:d litati o 11 exeP1•t uf
b eas t or bin], would .Jo ulot fu r a 111 0 111c nt that 110 o rclinary 1"-·rso 11
dwelt within. l'e rt.:l1l".l 11po 11 a sli g htl y el evate d isla n•l, yet crn uc l1ing so a s t.o avu id co 111ing in co ntac t w itl1 th e lmu 1c lw s of the low- .
· g rowing will o ws t ha t s nrronnJ a 111! a.l111os t e ntir.. ly co 11 ct:al i t,
this di11 gy g ray, 11 1.0ss-cu1·e rn1l cal1i11 , wit.h its nn e l1·ng tli of rus t y
s tove-pipe fo r a d1i1 1111,.\', is a l'iet11re o f 11!.Ler sulitari111•ss.
l f yo 11 am a\\"t'S lr11 c k l1y t.l1e a sp"cl .. r the 111, us .. , ho w ca11 yo 11
d esc ribe t h e feel i11 g tha t tal<es J•Ossess iu11 .,f yo u \l'l11 •n yo 11 f'ee it.-;
sole occ u pa11L ? A 111a11 o f 111cd i11111 stat1 1n ., a lt l1 (J ug-h bc11t \Yi t h
age a nd bl11ir, " " \l' ., 1tld 11o t pr .. sc nl an af1,.gt:1 l1 e r llleau a1 •Jlt':trance jf n •sp,.e tal,Jy dn•s,;,.,[. B11 t so f,.w l"'1 11•l o: ha \'1: " ' '"'" ""' ll
him; and i11 his <: 11 s to111ary a.Uin ' lw is a 1•it'L11r" al 1111 ci: l11di c rn11 s
and p atJ1dic. C o111i11;; 1q1"11 l1i111 1111a\\·a n·s in hi ., l"1"' ly ha1111l,
you w o uld 1uos t lik1·l y find his custu111 e to eo 11:< is t of a pair of
rusty-bro wn pan tal oo11 8, \\·itl1 a hug-e !'<LI.c h o f re d fla111wl 011 0 111 '
knee and u 11 e of lilu e drillin g 0 11 the o th e r; :\ re1l a nti blac k
checke d flann e l s l1irt, patd1cd . \l'ilh cali co o f Yari1, 11s co lors; a
gi g antic r11bl1e r b out uu o ne foo t a nd a low r11l 1l,,.•r ove rshoe 011
· the otl1e r; allll 111erha1•s a hat (though he rarel y wears su c h a thin g)
which, judg ing- from the ' 11u111ber o f ho les in its c rown and broad
brim, 111ig l1t aL w rne t i111 e pre vio us lo tl1e i1J\·e11Lio 11 o f m od e rn
targets h;we b ee n use1l as a s uLstituLe for sud1. Iii:; e 11 t ire makeup, so t o speak , s trik e:; yo u as ridi c ulou:;, an1l y11 u la ug h al o 11d .
thereb y attra ct.in g ltiti atLe 11tiu 11 . Il e turn:; lii s fa('l" t.uw ard yo 11
and you s t.op "o sllfl <lenl y in your laughte r th .. t. y .. u altu ost cl1 ok e.

l!ESCRf PTf11:-; .

CIL\I C. \t"l'l·:I ·~

PPrli:i. p~ kOJrlf'thiw· i·c·ry d'I" .. ,. t f .
...,

~

.

li11. l~ d

'

..

se~ 111s to !':ty lit~
·
]{ •cu ] Jl· lll it
· · l'<lll rhn·d
si"'"
.
•
.
litU,. afrai d uf hr.y .
ia H a t 1ou

poke:::t 11t•r

~
,
'·
Jt OSfl 11 11 i1do

..

'' L

!)

•

JJ·,,..u;

~'
, 1011 would
)' IJ/l u11n
. t " '\'<1!1/''-(1·1!.""·'
ti I.· 1 11
l
.
·
·
'" · " ' ~'"'a
.\01 1r (fJg' trot:-; ip1i•-·llvto hi ."i side ·111]
is.

Jtj..., f;wf •

111}f-.

Y1111 ·tn• c 11i-1',...

....;1 . · .

, .

1

."

. . ..

•

•

(

.
J
u u 1 ' u11 1 w i·1 t.y, and
i111 g •Ill ·'alt a11d llo1Jr, a11d """asio11ally g11Jq •u11·Jer
s 1(1.
.. llt' Vl'l' Sj•"tl · .
I
I.
~
\~ Lill t'SS S }'Ht\.1·11 to. a11d tl1l'JI rar .. J
•
trever ol 11 1111, .. J[. Sun•Jy tl ri ~ is .111 ,
. .
" .V OJ
,
..
, , '
• t.'Cl't ! IJ 1l'IC'1 ' ~ ' t·l \'( 11 r
t
l 11111, a 11d J"'rlrap.-; e1·e11 ll'isli 111 · IH·re 110!.
.
. ,
t•spec .
]
.
For a. lu11 g ti11 11 · , ]"1e r1aps. 1or years aft .. r. yu11 will ne1·e r ], .. ,·11·
vf t lr l' willows ll' itltuut
'
Iieurrng of Ll 1e old lt1·n 11 it a u d
·
see111g liis gn·at bhie i·_ves with
l
t ie ir sad , disa}'pointeJ gaze.

I ·I t}· •JI}

• J}(

•

•

•

l

L. M.

C II A lt:\CT E lt I >E;o-;c I{! l'T I<>\'.

JIJL\L.

S11!j1·1·ts:
l\1y lleru.

A lln·a 1JJ I 1w:u·11:i(,..
" A l\oigl1 L of LI"' Ni11de<'lltl1 C1 ·11l11ry." The Cliara«l.-r o f .J,·s11 .".
"A rerfrct \\' v111a11, l\ol1ly 1'1;111 111.. 1: ·

.

11 e ver l111 ·:-; a1 1 ·tl

·t

EXEJ{CISE XX.XIV.

I

t

. , l l J.-.. lit1L l lil'll :-I L asuii •, I Hll. .,·e n Uy
I ·l tc1.. 1011 a re <'liCnl!r-; 1 ...,.,1, and 'tj •J;,.,,., ·I.
. II
. "
lie fund of do 'S •J · - " . . -~. • .
'.
• ' in1 g . .t<' n •ss 11111,_ . - fa
g ·
.1 ' ·'·Ju ts. \\ ''" d111·.-< I" ' , 1,,1 I· ..
.,
<.:osls tuu lt1tH·l1
,~
l ··1· j'
.
. \( c JI o 111 ·; -- 1L
•
•
. ·UIJ ' ' ' L "'"" Ull<' sit! •j1·d t.o a1Jul i11•r li111 ,
ftllU lurn J1 l'< ·pan ·d Lo disc u s~ all Lor•i.
y
. . I .' . ' }O il
ti. k J.
~s.
on .ue •!'"lli1J1 11 g to
.
"
'
Jill · lllll a sc holar wlr P 11 Ii· L .. ,
.
'
\ U
o,\S u1 11 1e cra.•d 111 11.- thruu :rl
t}
willow liranelt es, :lilt! J,"f""'' lo1w tl1 . I I .
."
. g ' le
it.· .. 1 . L v
t
n' Jll tlll l:i soh· 111 0· 1;eo111e/.'~"-l . 1•10 lell!s fur ll1\'1J r or l.ra.11slati11g lo 11g pa ssag"t·s i11lr1 f,al. in.
l ".· !.lillg that yo u are now i11Lrudi11.,· 1· 11 it l
l
I
t
}
. .
l:'t. •
t i·par a 1H e nd t~ avor
o g at ier su111!· 11dorn1atio 11 aliont tli e old IH·r1111·L.
1" 1 U lll IHJ Oll e,
l •OWe\·Pr, ca n yon ll'a l'lf '" ""'' ll1 a II I lt· Jf I . .
. I.
.
'1II ... 1I
. , ie ' ' i''"" • J\' 1•, 111 Lir e
.
" U\\s ' •>Il l ', and Sl!J•i"' rt s lti111si·lf J,}... t ·I· . 1-.
tl --.
.
J
.
. t.t t i 111 g
l(1g ...; a 11d ·"'•· ll1Hg1t1r1111 l. 1ec1ty. JI ,- ll<'l"< •r rid"" Pill"'r I
. f·
ti
.
,. t -~

1

L

- 11>1-:.\L .

b.nirhfPr la.•}11~

. l uui :-lllJtj1rcssed

1 •
to prodtwe tha t clioki ng Rensati 1 f . t I ... · .
. "
)· ti .. , .
.
' .
o 1, 01 , 1u e is Ro 111 etl n1r g strangely
r "· 1eL1e Ill t.li e J1sappo 111fe d gaze of tl1 f' I'\' . t I t
Tlw <'rinl . l
l
. es ta J11 Pe t yonrs.
· '" · ·) •Pan a ii.J lu11g, rnati,Pd li·tir 1,. 1 11 1 f .L. 1.I I' \' · gl':t\"
1
'"" " vL <:uncc al t li e tin" i11tell ig« ·11 c.. of t I . f- ... t I I . .
"'
fur ··I .. I
I .
'
" '"' ' 11• 11~· 11 , lm1arl
' Jl! ,l< ;u11 fine li l111•-g1-.1y (' \'< ''an· ,,f ill ti .1. . t . 1·
.
· I
l
· - ·
" ' "I« I 111.-11· hie
·"-" ~l~W llll< l.l".'11 }"" 111ay calc-!1 a g li1111'se of ;1 l11011tli Llia.~ i~
p1u111 .111J 8e1Js1t.1n•, ,p· l f11JI of 1-;•·1n·ros it.v ""d ·111' '.1
Ca11 it lie? C· 't I I
.
. · '
. "" " 11 ·
. .
.1111 ' ·"' t iaL ll11s lwn11 il. i.s p1·u111l, St' ll s il il't· !-:'•'Her
;'"~\<tflect1011ate? En•rythi11g al11111t Iii.-< t'l.,tJ 1i1w a11d l1i ~
••

llf:S('l:ll'Tl11:o-;.

n.

The p:i.int.cr strives to p11t. nn canvas. ilfl' ,.;ntl11t11r
:-;(,rives (u L1.sl1iu11 11ut. "f m:u·lilv, l1is id1,al. \\'li _y .~l1111tld
11ot t11e lit1·rary ;ntisL strive 111 d11 ti11 : sa111!: t hing \\·itli
l1is !>l'il? No one of tlw111 \\·ill ,!..;1·t 1war1·r tn tl11 • lw:irt
and :;011 l of anot.lwr 111;r,;<>n, n·al or id1•:tl, t.li:ur U11·ir
outw;u·d nw.11ifcstatio11s.
l:1tL 11ote tl1:1t \1· l1ile t!:e
painll'r a1Hl sc 11lpt.or are l imi ted tn col"r a111i f11rrn. the

liternry artist l1as 11otlt tlt c,.;e <L>Hl 0Ll 1l' r rvs1111r1.·1·s at Iii,;
command . \ V<1r1h-: :ul<l actions respond 111 <1 re collst~ l.lltl y
<tud quickl y to Ll1e i111pnlscs with in , and are tl ll~ rc f1m)
tltl' 11111re rcl ialJle i11di c.a.lio11s of tlic cl1aract1~r J... J1ill!!
tl wm.
Tltese wonls a11 1l acLinns tlll~ writ1·r 111a\· 11,.;1 ~
frel' ly .
Nuw i<k•tl" arc nC>t. 111;t1le of notl 1i11g. 'l'l1e \ \·n us "f
?lliln is only a comlJi11atio11 of tl1c most lJl'.rfed feat 11res
wlii c.h tlie :;t:ulpto r fou lld in a dozen or a l1un1lrc1l
hum;Ln beings. lt is a smt of composite pl 1otograuh
witli all tl 1e di,;tindness of a. s imple one, Lecaust: inslca1.l
of all the featu res of all the rnorleb Leillg taken, uiily
certain ones are takcu frt1rn C•tcli. ]t is evith:nt th;tt
Olle rna11's id eal may S(Jllll:t.ini es Le very nearly n·;dized
in a si11gle person, though it is perhaps too n111cl1 to

l\L \ f: l '.'\.\ 'l'IV I·: J11·:,.;<' ltll"l'it> :\ .

I lJ-:,.;('J( 11 " 1'1• •'.'\ .

li11pl: fl'Pllt u11tun·, l111111a11 or (1( li e r11·i>< <', tl1aL it llla.y he
L· 11ti n·ly ""·
Y1111 11111,;( lia\·1· f11n 11 l'•l an idl'al <1[ 1d1at a gn•;LL ;u i.J
good ,.J1: 1l'at'l 1·r ><ill11ild Ill'.
Ii' 111tl, it. \\'ill,],, 11 11 lial'lll
1'11 y>< ic: il fl'at11n ·.s 11 e 1~ d
not. l.1• di"l'l'.t.:·anl,·cl ill'l'I' :111 .1· 11i.1n· t 11 :1 11 in t lie last
eX\'l'l'l >'l', l l111u .t.:·li 11:1t11 l':illl' tl11 ·1· ll'ill 1·x:1l'L a 11111111 r
,.;] 1a l'l' 11f .1·1111 r at t 1·1 it j,,11.
1o :tlll' 111 pt. (11 f1trn 1 111 11· u111L

Dn 1111( !1·:11·,· t lw 1·l i:11·:1..t1·1· ><l1: 1.J1111·.1· 1111·n ·ly ill'l':t1 1si:
.\ ss111111· (] 1:1 t 1·1 l'\I· St S; .L:' ·l\'1· I(
· a ll:ll llL: illll I
i L i:-< i.J 1·al.
a. 1·•H":l!i111 1 ii' y1111 lik 1·: 111:1k1 : a li 1·i11 g 111 :1 11 111' 11·11111 :1. 11
11r it. :111<1 tl11 ·11 tr1·:il tli:t! 111 a 11 11r 11· .. 111:11 1 :1,.; if 1·111 1 1' 11 ,·w
l1il!l lll' 11\'I' i11li111:1kl1·. j),, 1111( '',·,·11· f/I
I ' /I ' ll // {1{ · ,
fll/1'1' ,.; l ll ·I I
:u1d ,;111·! 1 •111aliti""

,.;a \' 1·xplic itl.1· tli:it ft. · !/'ts tl w ii1.

S<itl1i11 g· d1·( ral'( ,.; rl'lllll ilill'l'l'Sl
i11dir1·d t1·1·:i!111\'11t.

I·:\ l·'. I:( ' hi·:

"'' 111111 ·!1 ii >' dista1il,

it make,; a si111ibr C()ll lhi11 :Lti()11 o[ a \\'011u111 a11d a li s l1

do ,;1 1l· lt 1"i11l1·11"e

!.11

all

()\Ir l'n..:en11L'l'i\·t·d

id 1• :1,.: .. r

eo11gT11it y :1,.; t" tab: ll ll tlll' 1· l1a meter ()f n 11 11 1,.;!rositi1·s,
11<lt l'l'l' l'.1· !ask \\'ill t<>lcmk t li L· 1n.

Tlll :n : i,.: pkiit y ., f

s1·011e f11 1' tltL: i111ag·i 11 at i1111 witl1 n u t, g-11111 .:. :- ,;11 L1r.

Y1111

111:1y pid 11n· l\I .Y" 11r,.;<·ll' ;t "P"t. 1111J1·1· Jilll't'ly :\ l'l·ad ia 11
!1 1:111 a11 y ..\n·: 1di:t 11 11 1·;11'tl 1 :u1d yd !1:11·1· 111 it 1111tl1i11 .c:·
u11 11 al11r:tl .

Y1111 111ay l'l•l!n·i\'l: of l1L'i11g·,.: 111111'<' lwa111i -

f1il , i11"n: 11111111 :, 11wn : 1"1·: tl1l u, ll1a11 auy .1·" 11 11:11·" 1·1·1·1'
].;11 111111, ll'itl11111L i11 tl11· 11·:1,;L t.r; t11 se1 ·1 1di11g· till' l1111111ds 11f

l'""" i I i I i t .Y.
1

I111 :1g·i11atin· 11·.,r]; 11la1'l·tl :1gn·: tt11: 1rL i11 tlll' l11 '.t.:· i1 111 i11 g ,;

of li!1·rallll'L' : 11"it11t•,.;,; tli• · ,-.,'11 11:1 1~( ,'-.'.,/11 1111111. I l1·,.;i111l\
'1'/,"''.'/""//, t !11· ,\ 'il1l'ft111:/1'11//, ., l. I t !'la y,.; a. l:it',L:'" l':Ll'l yl't
i11 tl1" li1t-l':11'y n-:Ldi11g· "r 1·l1ildn·1 1 : \\' it111·s>< till' A,·,tl,/1111
j \'/.'flds, tl1 l' F:1in· Tall'" "r l'l'l'l'a1tlt, tl1 e ( :l'i111111 111·,,t l"'rs .

\ \ \ \ ·.

I .\I .\ (; I \ .\TI \ ' I·: I ll·>< ' I: 11 'TI<

Tf1,· 1\1,.11 11il l111,..1 ;.,1.J,·11 .\r111.
s,.111a ( 'l all ' :ii 11 .. 111•· .
111 tl11· l.:11 1.J .,f 11"' F,.i1·i··'·
1\ 11 E:1rllily l'aradi ' "·

of :t rn il.ll on t11e b"d} of ;t lwr,.;e and".,. l1aY e a Cl'11t;u1r:

a1 1d 1\11d 1·r,.;1·11, :111d till' f1>ik-l•il'< ' .. r :lll.1· !"'"!'!'··
l: 1·:1d
( :1·111'g·1: ,\l:l!'d1t1i:tld's At f/,, • Uu rk 1~( t/1,. .\'111·//1 11'/11.!.

>\ .

'l'I"' l·:i;;lil 11 \ ' .,v:i .c:··· ,,f Si1d 1ad
1111· ~ ; 1 i l1 1r.
' l'l1ru11 .~ l1 1 lw (: :it •· 11f

I >n·a 111 :-; .

.\ l'k<i<- :lll I'll l•: ,.; f <: l.C.:' ll<'.

I·: liz:ilwtl1 ~(11:1rt I' lll'lj1,.;',.; <luf, .,, . l,i11/' :111d / :,·.'/" '"I 1/,,.
Ul/l1 ·s.
J\:t1l1:u1it·I I la11·tl1111 ·111 · l111·1·d ( 11 d11 .. !! i11 tl11 ·,;1·
n·a l 111 ,; "r tl11: i1 11:1 .g· i11a(i1t11, as 111 :111y of l1i s sl 111rt..1· t;tl1·s
,.;li1111· ; n ·:11l 'J'/11: //,ti/ '!( F1111!11 .'.'/ i11 ,IJ;,,,.,,·.,f,·.. 111 1111 () /, /
j )/1111 s1•.

; \ 11il .l11l1·,.; \ ' 1'l'IH', all11wi11g hi s irn:1g·inatirn1

(11

r 1111 riot. i11 tl1e livl<i ,,f 1111 1tl1· n1 s "i l' ll t'l', 11:1,.; giY1· 11 11s a

A Cliil.J', fol ,·a .,f """ '' ' " ·

,.; r'<1n• 11f Ye r,r n·;1Llal1k a1 1d l'\'1•11 i11 st n1l'!iH· J,.111k,.; ... r
us e 11[ all tl1l' dl',.;l'f'il'ti1·e 111:1krial,.; ;1t .n1ur l'<>I ii 111 a 111 1.

w l 1i1·li .-l '.l'l'i/1 l o tl1c JI01111. is a fair ,.;a111pJ1._
\\' rile :~ fairy st11ry, ur :tll ;uhlit i1111 (,, tlll' :\r:d1ia11

011(' su ggL·sti1lll t11il y : l(1·111 L'illl1n

:l\i g l1t.-,' Talcs.

111 llt is 1' .\'l'n· i,.;p y111 1 11·.ill 11:1\·p 1wr f1•<'1 li hl' r ty to maki.)
,.;t ill tli:t! tli l' iina .,·i-

Fm

:1J1y111 1e "f <l lil'\'1 .\' i111 :1g-i11a!i1111 tl1i,;

"
11aii1i11 1-:111 he ,;aid (,, 1·r1·:dl 11111 .1· i11 :1 \Tl'tain :-il' lJ si· _ it

will i•ro\' e a real pa,.;ti 111L' ''·"

l:<111 1·•Ht s(1"111·t :111d 1·1t11il1i111: .

et1H 11n·.

0

It p11t,.; 1111· ill':td a11d a nt is

\\· l'll

as 1111 ·:111s 111' litnaiy

,• ':

.,'

SE< 'TIO~ I I l. - ~ .\ H H .\TIO'\ .\\I>
l>E~('lU PTIO\"

c<nl Bl\ i-:n.

A11 Old-timt· Hu , ki11g- 1\1•1·.

Tl1<· l\adwl"r t'lu\,',; ,\111111al llall.

l\1·lli1•',; l\irtlt.lay l'a rt.1-.

.\ Tl1t ·atr1· l':1 rl1-.

Our ~11111\:n ~ cl 1• 1 <>l 1-'i .. 11i l' .

\\' e shall lit• l1111gt•r atll'111pl (\\ keq• 11arr:1t iu11 a11d
l1escript i11n apart. ..:\s :L 111:1t le r 11f fad Yt ·r_y f,·11· ['rn<l11e t io11:-; are 1111n•1y the 0111) or p11rd y tin: 11tl1n ; \\·e
l1 :Lv1• ;;1·v11 i11 tlt1· 11n·t ·e11i11g· 1·xt·n·is1·s 1111 \1· 11:tl11ra lly <111.J
a\111<1sL i111·\·it:tl1l.1· \\' t; 111i11gk tl1l·111. U11 t li e \11 lll'r l1a.11d
v1; ry fl'W prnd11di1111s l'arta.1-::e of tl1 e 1·lt:1r:ll'lt'ri,-ti cs of
l10Lh 11:11T:1 t io n :LIHl d1·scrijlli1111 i11 au cq11a1 dl'gn·v.
Taki11g a1h· <.111tag1· 11f tl1i,; facL w e !t;t\'e i11 llll' t ""' f1 m·g11 i11 g see li1111s pn:t.ly \n·11 1·0Y l' l'\'tl tl1 e wl111l1: gr111111•l.
T I H~ re re 111ain lto\\'e \'Cr :L fe w t'la..-<se:-; u[ s11hjl·1·h i11t'J
wlti clt l1uth ki1Hls 11 f eompo,; itio11 entn \\'i tl 1 11early
equal prnn1i11e1ll·e . HuL eVt\ ll l1ere you will i11 all prol1<tliility 1i11tl, wlte n y111 1 l1ave ti11islt e1l yo 11r prutl11 d.ions,
th:Lt tl1ey are st.ill esse 11 t i:d ly 11:1.rrativ e or l';;Sl'llliall.\·
d e s c ri}'li \'l' . Tlt:tl r e:-; ulL \\'ill lw d11 e t.. 1 y1111rsdf -

'

•\•

~I'.

tu ll 1G l'uinl of yj,.\\. ynu 11:1\·~ f'hn,; r n to t;i);,._ or to

The l c nc1 Pn('y l1 Pr0 ,,·ill hn 111 lay ,;l n· ,.;,.; "t 1 Lill' 1i;11·t·:1-

.}" 'll r }'l'l'<lill'cti1111 f, ,r a [':trli,·11lar ,; t.\·], . .,f tn·;t!ii wnt.

ti\' e porti111 1s . l:n L tllt' "' 'l'l ll) pf tlw a d1"1·td 111 1· 1t111 "t 111·
prepa.n :il, tlll' 1·irl'ttn1sta111·l•s ddaiJ,.d , tl1t : al'(11r,.; j•!ll't.rn.yecl; ;u11l all 11f tl1 i,.; i11\' .. ll't·,; ck,;l'l'ipli!ill. Tl11· 11111

Hl'mt·111lll'r l1<l\\"1 ' \'t•r tl1at tl11· 1·ll111liti .. 11 i." i111l in 11'"·"l't l;
yuu l1aY1· 1·1itin: fr1·1 •d1J111 :u1d ,..J .. i11l d 1·11<li·a\'1JI' 111 make

II
li

Ii'

r:

I

lit·. j11tli1·i1J11sly i1tlt·n1·111·t·11.

u,;e of it.

JllllSt

111 tl11, pre,;l'Jti l'Xen·i·"'' "''' !1:11·1· ,;c·1·11,·s t" lie depil'11'IL 11·it l1 littl1· cir 1111 t\·;il 1·1 .. t 1.. 11,· 11 11 f11ld ,., 1.
Yd

beg i11 \1·ith ilt',;nipti11 11, aml a litt],, oli:<1·rv;1li1111

tlwy an· >'l'l' lil'" i1 1 11·l1i .. l1 tlwn · j,.; 111111·!1 a•·ti 11 11 ;i 111 l 111
\rlti,·lt lll"l't'll\'1'1' .1·1111 ;1rt · ,;J lj>J>11.-<t·d [11 ! 1:11 ·,. 1,..,. 11 ., 1w 11 [
tl11· a l'111 r,;. Tl1i,.; is ""llll'\l'iial dill1·1·1·1Jt f;·11 111 ,.;t;u 1dinu
0
tl1 1· } tl 'j ' ;~Tl':-\:-\ ,1 1· (• \"t • ll t=-'.
J ia,;.-;in·l.1 li.1· ;111.J 11at.-lii1 1,L"
.-~
l l1·n: ""'1 ··n11t 1·1111111· .1·11111· ,; I1:1r1· t "11·ar1 l l l 11 • ,;1 11 n uf
<Lt '( 'I >II I} 1J j,;l 111 It' II t.
'I'l11· 111:1i11 t1·11d1•111 1· 111 t n·a 1·111t; ,.;11,· I1 ,;u I 'j·•T h a,; l11 o:<e
''..'..' t\'\'ll :tl1"1·1· 11·ill 11·)1
l I \ ' l l/\\.;\)'I l IIl':<l'f'lpli111J,
·
I I l;J11
I.\'
'l'lw1·1 ·f11r1• n·.-d r:1 i11 ii :<lll11 t·11·li:il , 1>1' d..!l 1•i·t. it.
f'llt. all
t 1ll' 1i
11 1•1 ·. 11 1ltlf
· l Ill
· 1ll 11 I<' ,;1 ·1·111 ·,-; l 11:tl \'IHI 1·:111 . i\fa];l;

r,. :

tlw ,·Ji: 1r:1.. t1 ·1 ·,.,,· 11·: 111 ; :1111 l t :1 JI .;: , ,; 1111·11· ;1111. l fn111·11, 1: 11 g·l
1 1
a11d l'l'_I' fllt' 11,.; . Jr tl1t·r, • i,.; "111111.,!1· lt ·I ii.
tl11 ·rp i,;
t:1it- llf

It i.-; 11111,;( 11<1t1 1r;il

(p

\\'ill

sl1ow tl1:1t tl1t; J11aj11rity .. r t: 1ks illl "ll lwg i1t . 0 11 tl11·
0Ll 1c r l1a.11i1 a liit of 11an:tl i"11 al. tl1e fir,.;L 111 :1y ,.;11:111'1 i11lt',;

he of

a1h:111L1.~·e; it. will lie 111nre lik1·l y (11 1·:ttl'i1 :t11d

hnlll t h e l'l'ililt·r',.; atil:11ti1JJ1 :t11d 111ak1 ~ l1i111 11illi1 1.c:· to
fol lllw tltrnn gli tl 1e lll't·e:<:<ary il(•,;nipli1111 wlii1·l1 is tlwn

iutroiluet:d lail'r.
l1 owe 1·1:1'.

L l'L it 111it lie i1it roil11t·1"l !11•• lali' .
Tlte i11 :<L· l'ti u1 1 uf ('\'1·11 tlte l.ri1·l'l',.;f. 1k.-;ni11ti1111

;LI~ '' poitll wlwn: tl11: i11 te re,;L i,.; tl111r.,t1 .~·lily :irnn,;t·d 11·ill

1Je r c,; .. 11 (1 "! liy tl11 : n·;llkr.

L1·t. ,; n ('l 1 }':t""ag1·,.; 1·11111< · :if

Ll1t: ll:tl11r:tl 1•:111.""" t1l' l11l l:< i11 tl1(· al'fi"11.

A s ln !Iii: :ll'lio11 it,.;l·ll', 11·1 it !"' 1l1·\'(·l111 1" d 11 ill 1 tit"
11 t rn u:<t 11:t(11r:1l11l·s,.; .

01H· 1·1·,·1it ,!..:T1111·,; 1111( .,f :1t111lllt'1·

in f:Ll'i . ; jt, ,;J1111Jld ,;\'l'lll {11 "" "" Jik1·11·i,.;1• i11 ( J11 · l't· 1·it:i l.
You li a1·1· l11 ·:1 rtl jll'llj1le alll't1q1t. to !.t·ll a. ,-;l11rr 11 !111
<l.jljll':l.I' 111 i:Jl'J\ 11·]1;1(. \\'l' lll :I._)' (';t]J a ,;(' Jt ,.;t'. fill' ,;1·11111·tt<'I'.
Tliey :1n : 1·1J11.-;t:111th· ,t;l'iti 11 g ·•a llt' :td "[ tllt'111,.;1·h,·,;," tl1:il
i,.;, ;1lw:1tl pf tl11·ir ,;fill'}; :11 1d t l11· 11 tl11•y !1:111· Ill J't·tr: 11 · 1·
Llt e ir sit:['" :t11d tli1 : st" ry ]11,;l's it,; c·l1arn1.

Tl 11· L11tlt j,;

a 11 inl H•n :11t 1111e a11d it will take l'l11.-;; · ;tit.-1iti11t1 :1111 [
}'l'H.d ic :e t" l'l':lllicalt! it.
1:11 ! i11 \1Titit1g tll\'l'I' i,.; 11n
exe 11,;e for it, fil l' t.l1e \l'l'itn· l1u,.; ti111 e !11 ('ll t1.-; i.Jn 11,,,.
sequem·e of l'Y e uL-:.
,\'11!:/1 •1·/s:

A \':1nc111· I·:.-w:I/ ""
..\ '.'\ i,:.: Iii i 11 : 1 ( ,. I 1 I• ·t. 'I'\.
( )11 ,. l :111· .~· !: 11·.

( ·,. • 1 .~. 11 I i II

" ·" ' 111 :.tl.

(),, " I: II""\\':!_\ ' ( ':o I'.
Tl,.. ' ; 111'-'I 111' ~" 'it li's I !1.JJ ,,11-.
~r-" l:i r' t I:,.,,,. I I 11 1.t.
.. \ ~ 1 · 1·1il

i11 ;1 B:dl11 ~ H1.

''·

Dra11· 11 l'"ll .\·11 ur 1111·11 (.''i:JH' l'i1·1H ·l· f11r tl1i,; ad1·(· 11 t11n•.
or, i[ tlll' 1111 t'1·1·11tf11l11,·,.;s ol' y1 H1r lift· :1'1,.; 11]11l1·l1 1·11;1~ Lra. i1 1 ,; _\'lill, lljlOll

}< Jill' i11 1 :1 .~·i t1ati1JIJ.

l'1·rl1:q1,.; 11111· 11 f

tl1c i1lt'i clt-11b 1rlti('l 1 1·1J11 l1avc n·•· 1J r1kil i11 tllt' 1-:1rh· j>: 1rl

:l
·.,

1 Of)
"I' t l1is 1rt1rk 111:iy l"l'<'lll' lo y111l as a11 apJ'l'Oj•l'i:d•· suhjed.
r f St>, c:-;11: 111< 1 1(· to tll\' J'l'"J"'rti1111,.; of a n·g11!:1r ,.;[111·y or
t01 l1·.

It

111 :1y

l1: 1r" ,-.. 11siskd .. r :1 ,.;i11.~·J,. 1•:1rag r. 11 .J1 tl11 :n;

11101ku t·i.~· lit. t•I' t•·11 of it 11"''"l·:11kr i1it" dd ai ls of
SlTll('S ;111d ,.Ji;1r:1.-i1·r,.; 0111d 111 ;1];<· llll'tll 1·111tlril111t. · :IS lllU Ch
;ts i""'"ilil(' (11 tl w n ·:1lis111 or tl1(• f'\"t'llls.
It. is s1·:irn·l1· 11t..-1·ssary to gi1·t; n·f1·n·1H-es tn 1110t1els
c1f tl1is ki11d of t'<Jllll'"sili•111.

l':tpns likt· tlt e 1'1111/h'.q

111 ;111r s11t·l1 slorit·s , a11d if yo11 ca.re

('11 1111,,111/u 11 1·"11l ;1i11

f11r 1 · :1::t11q•l1·.~ "11 :1 l:ir.~·,·r S•'<il1: go tn tli1 : tal1·s

ilf

Sir

\\' :1ltt-r ~ •.,,tt, .la11L' l'orkr, .J. h ·11i111on: ( '0011l'r, a.ml
l 1I i 11' I'S.
l 11 till' f11ll(•\\· i11~· skl'll'li t l1r- 11Tit1·r 11·:is

:i 11·it1 1c::;:;
of till' :wti.11 1 111:111 a 1':1r1i .. i1,.1tor in it, a11d th, ·n·fore
tl1l' l:i11g11a g t•. 11·!1ik d1·:ili11g 1111q111·st in11:ilily wi1!1 g111Jd
11 ;11T:1l ir•·. 111:it.-1·i :il, 1s 1 -.~s ,·1iti:1lh · .i,.,.,,.ri1.ti1·1., s l1ow i 11.,·

i11~t·p•tl'aldt·

a g; 1i11 1111\r

t 111· t ,, ..,

lllilrt'

(·l1;ir;1clt · ri ~t it ·s

It. is 111d y "11 llH· il:1ys 11f 1·a !111 i11 llH· d1.ldr11111.... .
i tn• 111nj

1

i11 .t!

fo l1·ar11 1111·

1111'

(,'; 1j1fttr1•

()11t"

:111tl

;-;;i i] ., ,.,,

s 1·;1r11 ; 111 ' ....;

11f

s11 1·li

a

Ullt'

Jd1 1 1t .l!li i11 .~ :1....;l 1·r11.

;1

:1

\\111 · 11

1:t111b111;111

ar~~

Jia :-\~t' ll g-P rs

g·,·ts

a c li:i. 11 cc

J1;t11·1·1 l o f ~ l1 :1rk;-; a111I 111 _...;p1· wl1:d. plt'<t ."! lll'C

g' i \· +•;-.:

d: 1y

l1•:tfi11 g . tl1:it.

:1ri·

11ftt•11

l1i111.

1111111 sl 1·r

111 a f1· w

;il111td.

f, ·,· i 11111 .~ w ; 1 ~

1·lt•\' l' ll

111i1111!1· ... a t' l1111 l, l1111 1k. l1ail1 ·d

of .iceilt W1>11ld ha\'e c11t l liro 11g h ;L li111' in" tnu111<: 1d ;llld ],.. wo111d
hav e olrOJ•j"'cl i11 tlw \Yal1· r frc·c·, 1011!. as it wa s, Ilic· 1>11h· c·lfc."1 """ '
fl ]1orrid " ·r:Lf.e]1i11g l"!l''I' \.]i;ti S•·t1\. f.l1rH11 g Ji lllc 1'\. of ll S :I ,; J.i Yer o f
foa.r.

By nw:i1 1:-: 11!' a n1 1 1 11i 11 .~ lc1<'Jl 1 1a s~1·tl on·r Iii:-;. lwad a1 1d drawn
Li i;ht ju s t. al""." tl1•· tail , J11, \\°ft.s p11ll1·cl 111• 1111lit ill' was ],.,-,. J " ·itli
the g-111111<' 1. Tl1c •11 wi1l1 till' aid .,[ :t g·11y rol'c' J,.. was ha1 iJ,. ,J
aboard a11cl la11<h·d 011 clc·('k, tlira s lii11g li t·1-cl'I_,. with his fail a111l
H11appi11g frr1t cio11 ,; J.Y. lJis t'."" ' J.:Lcl lo"J l>l! ]'lit 011t fi1·sf. f.,r wJ.iJ1•
he co uld :;•'t' it. \Yas i111pw;:; iulc; t11 :q•i•ruaeli l1i 111: " J,.·11 lw wa s
blintl, liuw1·n·r, it, wa:-; :·111 t'a:-;y 111:dt1 ·r for 011t · t11' tli<· ~ ail <- 1r ;-; lo
creep c:uili"11•ly u1• to lii111 and ··li11p off Iii ., fail , tl111 s n·11d e ri1 u.:
hi111 pow1·rlc»s tu 1\0 any cla111ag1·.
N .. w f.li;tL h•! was '"""i"1raliY1·l ,v q11i t' t it. wa." 11 0 gTc·at t:i>k lo
<ks pakh l1 i11 1. .\ II liacl ~· li:111cl i11 l ii C' •li sc·11il•u\\·c·li11g, la11 g l1 i1 1g
1.ri11111p]i;11dl.'· and joki11g nn ·r tlw i"'"s il·ili ly 11f fi11cli11 ;.: a .i.;·11 1.J
w:tl.l'l1 or 1d\11·r «1 111• to Iii ;-; Ji1r 11wr lif1· ill llw ea1 1;wij111:-; ~ t <- 1111a cl1.
01"' s li,·c·cl tlw Ji ,·•·r a11cl tl1n·w it. i11lo Ilic· i •ig-,; fy , w liiJ,. ;11 11tllll'r
c11I. ••llL 1111' s till lwati11 g l11·arf. a.1,.] llin·w iL In llw clog; :1 11.J y..t,
·with ' ~ Y" -" 11 ; tl 1 tail off, di ~1 · 111h11w1·l1·1l. wi1h 1111· pig;-; di gt• ...:ti11g Ii i."'
liv e r a111\ t J,.. d11.;.:; clc·Y t1 11ri11;.:; hi s !wart , l1 c: slill s pl11llc ·n·d a11cl
g::1 . . . p1•1l. n · f11 :-;i 11~ lo di1·.
!-'c•1>ll l1 u wc ·n·r :di tJ,.. fi,. s Ji was c11f, :i.way and ll1rown o\·p rhuarc!.
tl11 ~ u11l.v thi11 ;.:;s s:L \.c'<l lwi 11.;.:; th" l•a ckho11e , which 111a.kl' S :1 lwau li f11l walk i1 q..~·- . . . 1ick llw sa iJ ,irs i"a.Y, arid thu row~ uf l i·t ·lh. wl1i «l1
passc•1\ i11!1t 1111· l1a11cl s 11f s11 111 t.: o f tho: ladi c•s a11d wJii,·1 1 w•·ri· :iff l' rw:i.nb Sl'Pll i11 a Jilli e gi rl 's ]'""'"ss io11 in the s li:q ~· L1f a rn·,.klacc.
H. L. ll.

t'\ 1' i 'li

with a

j11 11 k nf fat l""·k , """ ·" tlir11w11 ,.,·c·rl.,,;ird. Tl 1t• fj,]i 111aclc· . f11 r it,
i11111wcliafl-ly a11d g 1il1 •·d it d .. w11 wi1l11111 t. 1·:c1111i11:di., 11 . Then

EXEH CISE XXXVI IL

c:11111' a t11 .~· of war.

EXC!J HS IO'.\S, T ltAYELS.

Tl1t·

1·,1111!1i111·rl ~t r1 • 11 g· tl1 1d'

J

1alf a dl1z1·i i

111 4• 11

c•x1·r t .. c1 "n 1111' f:wkl1· wlii .- li l1ad \,.·c·11 11i;1dc· fa ~ t 1.. till' <' 1td .,f tlie
litw, \\':L'-' j11 :-; f. ~·11n11 .!.:.· l1 to l111d ,:.:,··· tl11• ,...;J1ark wlwn i11 tl 11 • w:d\·r; 1111 {,
wl1t·111111c 1• Iii ;-; l11·ad \\':t:i :d 111r 1· tl1·· :->11rL11· 1· Iii .'-' ]1t 1\\ '1•r w:i . . . g n 11 , •. arid
\1· ry ~111 111 \\t' .... :t w l1i111 d : 111 ~li11.~ fr"111 tllt' :-1 li · r1 1 l1 i:"1 tail j 11;-; I. 111 11 1·lt1

i11 .t.:· llw w;il1·r.

T !11 •11 llw

11111· 1111 :-; •·

t l11· l11111k lw1·:1111•' :11 11: 1r1•1d:
1

;1 ..;

of lltt• :.; J1orl t•l1 :1i11 L1 . . . l•·11t·d lo

J,, , ~w 1111 ,!..!· flH ·n ·. Iii " 1-:· ri 11 di 11 t!'

T'li\\":i

Our EXJ'Pili fin11 t11 F:lil ('n.,·k .
{':u111 i11 g <111 tl w Bluff.
1

'l~hr1111 g h

( 'o!orarl11

( ' aiiilll.

An Exc 111» i.. 11 to .l\ia.~ara Fa lb.

Fro 111 llc·I ruil. t1J ( ' hi cag11 0 11 a
Jli ,.yc·)c•.
('Ji111l•i11 g lii l' ,\lall1·rl11•rll .
,.\II :\ flnnfl c)JI ( li1 I in g.

1' ,\HI: ,\T l<•.:-;

( '11111itl .. ss lirn1ks of tra1·1·l

!1;1\'l'

111:\

< " <>~1111\EI>.

.\ \I > J1E :..; 1· 1;1 1·T1<1\

111 .. ·11 ll'l'itkn arnl

clt:t rnt a111l 111\'l'it, 11T :-d1:ill :1hr:1 _1·s 111 • n·:1d1· t" 11·1·! 1·.. 1111·

/'i1 ·11'-' . \f.,

p1tl1lisl1<'d , tl 1n11 g·l 1 f .. 11· 111' tl1t·111 !1 :11-.· 11ll'L ll'itli la rge

U1\'lll.

s:1ks a11d f1·111·r still l1 :1n· f111111d a 1•!:11·1· :11111111g work :;

a 1lll Lo11 g i'1 ·ll1111··s 011tr .. -.Jf,. ,..
Lc:L tlit·,.;..: l':ll'ls s<' l'IT a s l1i11h (11 ~· 11id1 • 11 ,.; 111 .. 11r

of i'l'\'<>g11i z1· d ]il\' ran· 11 1.. rit.

Tl1 L· 1· :-; 1d :111 :ili•111 lies i11

tl1 ;d tl1i.s is tlll' 111<1,;L t .. 1111o1i11 .t.:· ti"ld of ld( ers

tl"' f:wt

l·:1·1·ry (1'1'11 wl 10 lu~~

!11·1·;111,;1· :q111:1n·11tly tl1l' <':1si1·,.;(.

:-;11 1·11 l1<111l;s ;1n· l\ :11·:1rd T:tyl11r·:-;

ti:t.iill ' --- l11 ]'l'lldt11·1· 11·.. rk 11·!1i .. l1 :-d1all Ill' 1·al11:1lo k

r. •r

(}ll : fol'l s it. 1·1 111!: 1i11 s, 111· i1Jt 1•n·s(i 11 g

1" .. ,1; .

:1

1:, ·s id 1·,.;, 11i 11dy-11 i11e

ti111v,.; 111it t1f :t li11111ln·d. t l tl' 1.1'1'" !1 :1,; IH J 111atl·ri:ils 11(
111· !1:1,; s1·1•11 011ly 11·l1:it is <111 ill\' ,.. 11r LH'l', wliat

11·o rtl1.

l'\'l'l',)'h •tly

,.1,.;,.

1·:111 "lT f.. r lti111s1·lf, :111d 11'11:it tl11,rdorc

1·Y1·n· l1111l1· ,.],,,. 1lrn·s ll ll ( 11·: 111(

( 11

1'<':11! :tl 1<1 11t.

011 1• tl1i11 g 11·l:i 1·li 11·il l 11·:1r r:111t tilt' 1niti11 .!..:· t1 f h11nks

t,[ 10 ,;,) fads,

tl 1" 1·:1rtl1 "" ,.;t11di1·<l ,·,,11t li1i11 11 ,.; .. r lik l i11l 1· k1111w11

f111'

(jl\'

.. xl iiliit.l'd , 11 1· 1'111· tl1t : litl'r:1ry 1·l1arn1 11·itl1

:tn: iitveslt-d.
<l

.. r

l\ :111t· 11 :1:..; ll! :11k a. 11

1· x 1l!'dit it111 i11!t1 ti"' .\ n·ti1· """"' 1111 .. 11 a l\ 1·11 11 :111 !ms
1·x1 1l<1n·d tl1 .. 111 <1s ( l1 idd1 ·11 l1 .. 1T111 ·s .. r !if,. i1 1 1(11,.; ~ i a a111 l
Sil1ni:1 , 1111'

'f'fu·11 11:1h

1•11l1li"

t/11 · fl 11rk

n·:1d

11 itl1 :1Yidit1· ,.; 11 .. !1 l11111ks :Ls

f '.11111111 ·11! , .·11·1 ·!/1·

,'i'lf1,.1·i11 11111 1 l/11 · /-,'_,.;/,· ,\ '_1; sf ,.111 .

1':.1pl•1 1·aflu11s, :111d

( >r 11·!11'1 1 :t 11:d 11r:tlisL

lran·b 111·,·r :1111· pol'ti1111 11f tl1l' 1·:1rtl1 11 iil1 a k.•1 ·11 eye
:111d

a

n:dttl'<',

'111i1·k
II'<'

l': 1r f11 r
n·ad

1ritl1

tlll'

111:1rn·ls :111d 1111-.:..;l\'r i1·s of

1·1111 :\1

dl·ligl1t. :1111 [ pr1dit,

1\ kx:1111l .. r Y••ll ll1111il11d1lt" s /\.,.,1111"' :1 11d :111

./1111r111'// i11
:111 t<111 .1..;

/J ra z ll .

Yl'L

:1 .~·: 1i11,

\rl1t · 11

a

f:1111ili a r s1· 1·1 11 ·s :111tl 1n· ll- k11 11 11"11

an

,\ gassi~.'s

11 1a11

c·a11

go

l'""l'l"s, :1111l

frn 111 tltl, 111:tll'riab :thl':tys to i.. ~ f111111d tlit're as wL·ll
;1s :111y11 lH·rn 1·:111 <'1111 ,.;f 1'111'1 1\'11rks 11f g l'1111i11 \.: lit e rary

l1i1·l1 tl11·y

11·:1111l .. ri11 ~·s , l1111\"l'1·1·r li11 1i t1·d

l'l'\'tJ J'd pf 11 11 l' s

tl11·1·

111 :i.I' 11\', if lw 1·:111 stlt T1·1· 1I 111 j'l'l•d111 i11g >-l 11·l1 11 "rdp:t s ( 1· l ,; :1,.; ti 11 : \\ ·1·1' t1·1· , ,1· tl11· f11ll1111·i11 .:..!·. 11: 1,.; d11 11 1·.
.\

i\l:t\ 11 ,.;;111 ,j ,

1.1·:. \F

S'""'"" • .l11 h ·

1'J ( t1~I

~IY

lll .\l:Y .

'J'l 11· 1':111.JJ ,. 11 :11·"·' ' " lii:il
I c:tll 11; 1nllv \\Til1· , \'t·L il i ...; 1u1• \\ar 1111 111 ·!11 :-- •· tl1 \\i11 d 11\\ ..... . 'i' lw
" I ' ll"'
·11·" l\\' i11kli 1""
1111hido· i11 :ill l ill'ir. ;.;I• "'.\' a11.\ ilo•· li1 1J..
~
s w.. .Ji,;J 1 1·illa ;.;" Jj,.,, a.,J..1· 1· at 111 .1· J"··· I. \\ ',. l1a·I , 11 .-!1 " 1.,,... 1_,.
\V:tll.;. tlii~ •.,. ,. 11 j 11 .~. ltl .)' :-; i ~ l1·r ;1 11d I. I t \\;1...; 111w 1,f t l 111:--1· \4111~ lwa11 ·
t.ifll l ;-; 1111111 wr i·\· 4. 11i 11 g:-> t hat. ar1· f e1 1111d 111ily i11 11t1rl l1 1· r11 1·•111111 ri1 ·~ .
Iii , 111 r :-o lrtd l wi· 1,a :->:-i 1·1\ 11.\' lili' villa g1· :-> 1111ari". It i . . . :-- 11 rr4 11111 l l
liv 111 \ ,. w 111 , 11,. 11 )q 1j\ 1lin ,:. :, ..... : 1111\ i11 it wa :-i a. 1·ir1· 11 ;-;. 't' l1i ...; \\ :1."" t l 11'
... H '

tl1o · 1\fri<' :111 1·n1iti11 .. 11t. "11 1· 11 :1

11

It i,; 1'1 ·rt:1i1 1l y 11·1·11 1\'ortl1 11·l1ilt- (11 b ·1·1•

\ :1. JS,._,t ;.

1

Li1· i11g-s(1111 l' 111' a S (; 11il .. 1· !1:1 ,.; 111·11l'lr:it .. d (11 ill\' 11t•ML

!'11r

JI01 \ 1·ll_I' 11f

f11r t l1l' 11ri g i11 :tl ligl1l i11 11·l1i1·l1 tlll' .1· :1r1·

11 1' tl1is <'l:t,;s 1s tl1t· f:1d tl 1:tf "111· l1:1 s 1·:-;1 d11n·d a r"g ill11

.. r

1

writi 11g 11 <111".
j.',,1· tl1 <1 11 ,:..; l1 11·1· :tn· 11· 11rki 1 1~· l ll'n· ••I t :1
snt:tli 1,r si ·;il1·, tlt e 1.rnl1J..111 l 1d11 1·1· 11 s is 11r;(l ti 1·:ill 1· ti1"

lw1 ·11 a11·:1y fro111 l11>111 e a11·!1 il .. tl1i11k ,.; 11•· l1as ma( eri:d:;
lll' <'<1 111i 11g dn·ss 1,.; 11<1( litnat11r1 ·.

11

"

•

'

1

•. :.1111.• r

or

attr:u·fit1t1

f11 r :t. 1111111111 · 1' ,,( 111 ·; 1;-;; 11 if 1·l 1il1ln· 11 \\1111

1 0
•

\\• 'l't '

I
'J'li.t \\ 1111!1 ·. :-- 1· ·rw \\;l"
µ; :q•i itg a l. .it .111 " ·11 111 l l'l' a111 I :1111a z1 ·I 11 I ·I 1.
so likt' aii :\n wril'~ 111 to\\ II ;uid y•·I :--11 ditfen ·11t ll1at 11 111; 1 ~!,• 111 •·
]11111 .,.,;i..!, . \\" 1· \\·;di; .. ,) 1111 tu a littl" i1111 a11d 11,..,... i11d 1d"'" l i11
s111111; 11·a ;111 d 1·ak1·, a11d 111·ro· ""·1ori ,.,. ·d l11 li11 ol ti,.. l111 :tl J.ill 111 lw
1

rntl y

,j:-;

1·1•111 ,;.

.I L \\'a s dark w\w 11 wi· ag :1i11

1· 11w q ..~·1· d

i1i111

tl11 · t•j" ·11 ; 1 i r~

noll iil t'"
,., \in•l:: l' !ht• 1wdiTt stil\1w :-<S 1,f tlw 11i;..:,l1L :"la\ •· llft'

thniiip, ll 1u 111 p

uf 1h1·

Lh« tli ,;ta nt l' irl'u><.

<] t1i llit.y

o[

Ll11;

SC t'll e

lia :-:~

dn11 11 1·1, 111i11 g- " '" '·r

tlw

;111d
Lli11L

11 1,·ad q\\' fr. >111

\\ 'e l'" " '"d a 111111111·111. I•• tak" 11 1 tJ,.. tra11 .
:u11l 1111•11 'i l1 ·11t l.v rdra1·1·d tJtlr s1"J "'.J. \1. L.

1 IJf",

1 0-l

·.;..·

-llie " ·onb are Hu,-,ki11',;; ;.;ec11 n1ll_'•· a qui ck . \lrwrri1q.;

~<·1:\ I ·: ~

Fl:< l .\ I

perception of tl1c relation,,, ca 11,.;al or ot lt er wi,.:e, t ltat
bind tlie,;e Lu.: l.-; together int.o ;t uni1iecl wh<Jll'; b,.;tly,
the pu11·e r lo r 1.:p 1-.Hlll< -e tlrn> uglt ll11.: 1m'<li11111 ,if' Lt11;..'.'l t: l_C'. "
t11e"e Lu.: l,,, a1Hl rebtit111,; 11·itl11111l clirni1111ti<111 11f tl1 1·ir

1, 1!-'!·:.

:<,d~jn·/s:

( ·., 11111ie11(·•·1110 ·11L I >a1·.
. \.Fire i11 F <"1rll1 \\ ' arol.
~ l111111•i 11 ~ i11 .Ji111t •;.;rill·· .
,\ \ 'i"il. 1.. ('l1i1 1; il() \\ ll.
:\11

. \11t'f i 1Ht.

_. \ l'.,Jilic:il :\la "

.\r,,1111.I ii"' ll oi<-I .'-'1., 1-,._
J 11 ;t!i L:i :' t ~idi· 'l't · t1t · 11w11 t I l1111 s~.
. \ 11 I I 1111 r <111 '( ' l1a11 ,:..:,·1·.
Tl, ,. l-'; 1r111 al l-' i1·•. .,'( ·1,.,.1, iii I.lie
.\ J,, r11 i11 g .

~1 .... 1 i11 ~· -

.\ l~1,: 1r1l i11 ~ ~t ·l1~11d

;-.;,. t' l li'.

original force ;wll vitality .
IIow Hl1all tlie,;e n"111i,.;i!t-,; lie <tl'quired" S" far ;1,.;
they are <tl'<jlliral>k a.11d 1111L 1lepl'111l .. 11t 111 1 11 ;di1-.· t;11"1it,
tltuH: ()],,;en G l111111an 11a.t11re .. 111,.;"l}; ,.;[ 11<l y it, 1"'111!,·r
over it, 11t1 te a11cl eo 111p;~re; n-.1cl Sl1akl'"[1t·an·, I I 11g1i,
Hrow11i11g, St;\IL\, Bah;n" Bret I Lute, ;t1l!l 11·n·,.;l fnlll\ t 11\'Jll
if you c:ui something uf tl\\'ir ,.;enet; writ<'. 1u1,·ca.-<i11~ly.
Fnr 1.l1c work 11ow i11 ltancl n:acl tlie c1111rL ,;n'.lle i11
tl1c fu11rtl1 ad. ()f 1'lu: Jl];·rr·ha1it 1f Vi·11i1·1·; tl1" " jll'lli11g
sce n e ill H111111 ·11 r111d .Jiilil' f; n .. 1<1 tli e taJ..,.; ,,f h.i1 1li11g
anLl "r lhl'L 1 Lu·k, Ll1e w•n:b "[ Iluw1·l b, tlH'. h11Liil.,;
of \\'ill Carkt1111. P"rtray tlw11, in a n·ali,;ti" 111;u111 .. r,
iiny ""''Ile from li fe tli;LL y11u l1av e witlll'""'"L fr11111 ;L
' :;treeL hrnwl to a prc,;ick11tial i11;u1gurati1111. L1·t .Y" "r
cli;trad.crs speak a11<l ;Let f"r tl1e1n,.;eh·e,.; -- iL is tl1e lllt1" L
effedive ki11cl of de,.;c ription. 1\loralize l!ttle or 1111L at
all; depcaLl on your Hlury lo point it.-; own moral.

'

, \

..

, ;

......

'"

EXEIH : J:-il·: XL.
S C E~ES

FIW:'ll

lllST()lff.

811f:j1:1·fs:

New

E11 g la11<l

111

ll 1e

Early

\\';"liiugto u'~ .\r111 y at. \ 'alJ..y

~-.
~.

Cv lo11ial Periotl.
The S<1uth l1do re t he \Var.

California ill the 'FiftiP-;.

Forg<'The Grec·k~ li..furn Troy .
l to111e un<J..r tl11• C':tt'~ar.-; .

Chri,;l l1efo re l'ilate.

''

] ill i

:-.: .\ 1: liATI• 1:-;

,\:\ll

1>1·:s<' l:l l 'TH 1:-;

J 1;~

t'• •:llBLNEL>.

Tilt' ('•111 111<1,;1.t 1.t1l)S. \1·1·1' 11·,.1·1 11 ·1 (], ,. l.·1··t
.
·' ··x1-r1·1s<:
were
111t1n• or 11•,;.s 111:111 l'l1:11>11·r,; 1'1·111 11 I 'Ill I I e lllj>'l-

:l C'.t'Jt:1i11 "1•t1·n1 :il 111111·.ss.

:111.J 11,· >li:1ll 11:11.,lh

:..:" ·!

:1

11ntl1i11,C!·
.,

sm1se u[ l11i,.; 1i11w >' 1·111111 <111.1111i11.:..:· tlt:tl is 11<1t :1 L1 itlil.1 1l

r;L1len11s l1ist111T .
'l'l1t·1· dilT1·n·d l'r11111 tl11·
sL1 ·kli es 11· ritt•·11 111 Ex1·1·1··1.'<· .\ \'.. 111
·
tl1.·1t

pnrtray:1l 11!' f:l<'h. 'l'lt« :1l1il11 r fCll' :-;1lt'l1 jllll'l 1:1 .1 :ii 111:1\
h(• :1 ~~· ifL l11tl 11·1· k1111\\' tli:tl s 111111; li:111· 1•11..;."''"""i 1t
Fnr PX:llllj>l1· . n ·rtai11 l1t1rti1111,.; ,,f L1 ·11 \\.:1ll:i1..-·,; f:, 11
/111r, ,·ividl1· :111il :11..-<H:1 !t'\\· .i,.,.,, 1·i1>1i' " .,r ,.,, .. 1,1.11

l1islorical
tl 11·y •·n1tsi .s(1· d of' S(lill\'ll 1i11g 111on• tl1;111 :1 11:1rr:tli1111 "f i' l't·llt.s
-·- il1 l'Y drpi1·\••<i cli:1r:1d,-rs

:111d

1·11 st•11 11 s :1 .s 1n·ll.

Tlii.s

111;1y ],<' •·;tlkd pil'lori:il ,.,. 1•i<"t11t'<'>'< Jll•· l1ist .. n ·. ,111 .J wr:

la.11ds :t.11d ~l't'IH'.'""~ arc :--;aid t(1

l1;1n : liL·;.;·1111

the auLb11r c \'\·l' 1·isit1·il tl11· 11:11tw1il:1r 1.. .~· i .. 11 .

lo

n·:1li1.c tii:it. ;i l1is(11n·

1·l1:1m..tcrist ir·s i.s 11111 ''"•rt l1y 111' t lw 11;11111 ·.
1111w

t"

tl1u~e
L..t. 11s try

11 i1!1"11tl

~~~"_:-

tr•·;il ··l1:q1t•·1 -, , l'n1111 ]1;1st lii,;(111y i11 tl11· s;1111<· 1r:iy.

1t 111:1 y 11u "l'.i•Tll'd tl1:1t 11:1,.;t

],j,;(,.n·

wriLkll l'rn 11 1 11li,.;c1·1·ati"n :111il L' :'\!11·ri1· 11\:c
fnn: dous 1111t cOlil"v 11·1·1l11.1t t.1',,,. ['J'<l\"!IJ•T II 1·
111.' n11r " ··11·],.
H11t ''"' 11:i.'. •.'
1111iJ1t. nnw, .·11111 11·!11·•, l,1.1 ·1· ti I 1· ,;

ca11110(;

lw

a111I Lhcrl'·
\ I·
ll.S j:(IJ'(,JU!l

~-.~-

~-~

<tl' s1·1·11111l si.:..:l1t. Ci1.,•1 1 rt fuw
fa('( ..;, ll1t· i111:1 .c:·i11;ili1111 1r1·r•11.stn1..t.s. fr 11 11 1 t!i.·s"

;111.J fr o 111 tl11· 111:11l'ri :d f11r111sl11.,J

tlw 11111 1d l1v :fl'Li i:tl

.~~~--=:___

~-

-

---<..-

='=' ===~

.J11llll .\ tldi11gt<>11 Sn11 0 11rls's ,\'1 11tli"" u( t!t l' G'n:t k l 'nd,;;,
d1·s1-ri1itio11 ,,f tlic ( >l.1·11111i1· .~·:tl tl l'.''•. ()/Jl' ,-,,.·,·\ ..; .'-'\l1 I I a

:l

1·i1' id 11id1m · of tlll' s c 1·11 1· tli:1t ],,. "a11 li:11illy l.1:li1: 1,,;
I.,. r ] ,, · l 11·1 il i t.

l I 1; l.S I w 11 " ( 111 l r11 t l 1
lwli 1·ld it ·: ·-- 1ritL tL;i L 111t·11Lil 1i ,;i 1111 tl1:1t J, 11 ,];s lw·L
01·1·1 · ( l\'11

ll('

tliOliS;IJl<l .1 · 0 · ;\l'.S ;1..;

"'

I II

1·:1 -.: ih

:i..; 11\.<' I' { \\

o.·J1l \ .

Pr,.1 ·i,.;(']\· l111w faitl11'1il ili1·s1· n·,·1111si1111·ti,.11s. an; we
c:n 111< 1l < 1f c<)11rs1' •k tn111i 11P.
I: 11l tlwr« is ;tl1Clttl. fad.~

"'"'II\' 111 1Ji,. J:i,.,1

<:k1ptl'r 111' ltn1 l/11r, tlw l:tsl ,.li:qil•·I' 111'
'J'nh 1;f '1'11•0 ('/t/,,,,, a111l ;ti1u11st :in1· 1·li:1j1Ji-1·

I )i,. k, """

.,r (

0

1·111 ·,;.:"'

Li1•Ji<1nl',; J,, ·Jo1,/;; ''.( th e· _lu11 ·rlci111 f{,.,.,,/1111»,,,.

'

"''"< 'l'Yati 11 11 :111<! "" l"'l'll'll<T, ,.;c-c11l'S tl1:1t ai-1 ; f.1rev e r
11:1.s ( illl' ]><111·1-r 11f 111: 11 1 (11 " ·i f11! ·..;,., c,f !"'1·11 j, 1..
\\ ' lictt
n11e l'<' :ttl.'-', f11r i11.s(:l.llt.T, ill j],., "11:11>11-r (IJJ l'i11d:ir Ill

( 11 n ;111 t1 I\) r

!J!·t'1•1 1·

";,

i111;1 .~· i11:ili1111 i;; a k111tl
l'ITlll'<lcd

tl w 1·1111·1li'<i1111

\\ riti1·11

·. , •.:_-~=

,; i./e t11 · tl:" 11tl1 1·r 111:1k1 ·s liitk 11ii'!'t·n·11• ·<'.

111iti1 1.'.i j,.; "l1i1·lh · ;1 111 :1 11 .. r ,.f !l1 .. i111:J.c•:i11;11i,, 11. :i11d 11 11~

l'<':td

lw1·11

~
-:;F---:-:;;:-:-:-

r":11·l11·d 11,,. 11-,111.s 1t 1u 11
.
1·d II S 11 j HllJ 1i!j('.
I' \ i ' l'<'[S1·

Tl 1i.s 111 ay
111: s;1id 111 h1·111· 11f 1>l:11·i11 .~· i1 l1t·1"': j• i .. 111r1·,.;1 111 1• l1i.st. 11 ry

l<'11r 111ut kJ,,,

\1;1\.('

.-=~ ·

,

P.\ l(l ' l I.

Corn po ~ it i o ll

fl' 'l1011µ:11l t .

~-

Introductory: Pri11cipl1·:-; of" f'ompositio11 .

\V1 : sl1:tll 11ow !'1 1l e r :1. li L, ]d of co 111 1111,.;itio11 11 1 wl1i('l1
wrii1·r,.; :1re too oft1·11 e:q1(' \:le1l lo IJ1:gi11 wit l11111l. :111 y
pn:parnt io11 s11d1 as \\'l.' l1a\'e 1·1J<lt:a\·on·d l1i 11lit:1i11.
Ne w 1':11·11lti1·,.; 11·ill hL' la:q·.J :111d 11 e\1' po11·1·rs 1·:1II1·.J i11lu
pl:1.y . l·:x pe ri l' 111·1· a11d oll,.;rn·:l(i., 11 are lJy 1u1 1111·a1 1,.; !11
lie s1·L a,.;ide, 1111 (, lhl'y arc to li0 s11p1•ll'lll C· 11ll'(l l1y \1·i1kr
n ·:1..Ji11 g a11cl p:i rt i1· 1i1:1rly l1y n·f11·dio11 a11<l i11<l 1·1H·11cl .. 11(
Ll1rn1 ,g· l1l. TlH: 111 :1t1·ri al tl1:d 11·e l1:l\'l' lH· t•n ,t.;•lt l11·ri11 g·
:1.11 :l11111 g 11·il l 1111[ l1t · ig 1111rl'd; \\'1' s l1 all 111 1•r1·h· 1na k" :1.
tiill1· r<' 11 L 11,.;1· 111' it..
\V 1: kt\·1· lH•1·11 1·1·1·11rdi1 1g· :1.11.J d1r111Jidi11g :1111! pi"1 11 ri11 g; ,.;(11ri11.g· f;i!'(,.; i11 i'L1 1· t's ;11·1·l',.;s il1k l11 ;til
li xi11,t.;
jll'l'l11;i.111·1Jtl y ll1t : liv l't i11 g :tl'h :1.1 1d l'1·l'li11g·s ul' Ll1" 11111111 e 11 L; l'l'J'l'rnl11<·i11g· lo1·:u1tif1il 1'11nns :111d 1·11!., 1-,.; !'1>1· 1'11L11ru 1·., 11le 111pl:iti1111. 1\o\\' \1' 1· 11111sL org·a11iz ., ll11·s1· fa..ts.
di,.; e on~ r th e n :l:t tio11s tl 1L'y i>l':tl' to OIJ L: a 1111 tl11·r, :111d
<lra\\' frnrn t l1t:J11, if 1n:1 r l.1>, l1rn;ulcr fa« h ll'l 1it'l1 lit:
hc:.1·1>11cl t l1e ran g1: 1•f 11nli11a.ry ol1s1.: r \'al i111 1; 11·1· 11111 ,.; l
Lr:111,.;J'on11 th e lll :lf l'ri:il li111·s a 11il 1·ol11rs i11 tn 1·11ilil l'llb 11f
s11iril11:;1 ll1':111t.r . and 11·1·:1\·e (.li t: tlirc;uls 111' L'XJH· 1·i .. 111 ·1·
into : 1. pl1ilo,.;11p l1y of Jil't.:. Tl1L1>i 11·ill lit l' rat11n· s 1i!1:,;e 1·1·1· its l1iglll'st. 1:11ds.
or tilt' nlt'tl1t)(l .~ 101' fi 11 cli11g· lll:dnial 11·1· s1111l;l' i11 t lw
i11t.r11cl11dio11 to l'arl I.
I 11 t li e 111ca11ti1 11 1· \\'t' lia1·e
go11e al1cnd :111d 11·ork1·il tl 1at. 111 a.te rial in to cnnq1ositin11,;
;}

11 ~

I :-.i TIU ll

•ls best we 1·011ld. I 11 rt"g:trd lo 111etlwds for tl1e Litter
proec:ss s0111c s11gg·l'.,li .. 11s ha.\·e l>ve11 n1ad e. lmt much
re111a.ins lo lie ,;:1id, :uul pcrl1aps tll(! IJt•sL pLt<·1· to say it
once fur all is he re.
As to l1ll're rn ccl 1a11ieal c xcc 11ti1111, tlt e writing of
sentences un p:qier, h·t tl1 e printed p;tgc be your guide.
Yo11 rnay 11ot Ll'. alJle t•> cq11al, in \\Titing, tlte 1w:ttness
anrl prer :isinn ()f prin t, lmt. 11.1· giving careful attention
lo margins, spacing, capitalization, p11nc:tuatio11, inde 11 ta Li on for paragrnphs, etc ., yo u can approa<: 11 them.
Th e . :uh:111 (:1ge,.; of mechan ical ne:tt11 css an<l :tGe nrncy
tli:1t make tlicm wmtl1 ::;tri\'i11g fm ;tre s11 rna11ifest that
ilwy do not need to lie poi11lt·d out. l\·rliaps, too, these
ltal 1i ts l'lll! iy;1frrl in rnei' lt;t11i(':tl maUers will reac:t upon
tl1011gh t :111rl <·x11n•ssion the111s1·ln ·s, te11di11g toward increaser! .. J,·;inwss arnl orderlin ess.
Now :LS lo tl1 c best expl'(•ssinn or t l1011 g· lit, tl1e best
\\'a} .,f p11Ui1 1g into "·orrls \\·ltat we tl1i11k -··- tl1a.t is to
say, tlte lll'sL liter;1ry style -- lt11w sJ1,tll it. lie altaine<l'?
In :t11swe r \l'e ea.It 0111.r go b:t('k to tl1e r111Hla111e11ta.l
prinl'ipks 11f rl1elnrieal seiern;e a11rl say t!tat t li e eh id
aillls of e\·e ry \l'ritl'r sl1n11ld 111!, in tl1 c onl\'l' of their
11s11:tl import:tnl'.e, cl•·:tnwss, fnrl'.t', aml l,ea.uty; aml
tktt t.he:-;e 1n11sL he sought through u11re rnitti11 g attention lo tl1r· lllL dim11s nf expressio n - ll' Or<b, St'.ntences,
p:1ragT:qd1s. :11111 \\'l1ol e C(1l11[H1s itin11s.
First of all , do not. <·xagg •·r:tk to .)'<> Urself tlie dilli.
('1ilty of ,nit i11 .~ . Y"u l'.•t1 1 talk fl11 r·11tl.1· <·nnugh IJy
111<' l111t1r; \1·l1 y s li11t1l1l .\'<Ill not. \\'l'it u as ll1w11tly'! He
sirnpk :u1d nat1 1ral. t'<lITl'\'li11g errors \\'ltc·11 tit,· <·.0111rnittin g· p[ t!1t1t1 .~· l1t to 11Titi11g disd11sl's tlwrn, making
in1provelllL'ltL \r l1 l' l'l'\'L'J' rdl t c:tion sl10\\'s tliat i111prove0

1

Ill C 'J'O It\'.

rnent i.'i pnssihlt>. 111 time no do11ht tl1 e l1a.hi t of \l'l'itin g wi t h fnretliongltt and afl\'rLliou .~l1t. nf st·:m.·l1i11g
for more appropriate wonls a111l more 1:fft:!'Li\-.: fonns,
will d cv1·l op a literary st yk .. rn1sider:1.l1ly al1on· t lw
plane of ynur nrdi11ary 1·1111n·rsat.io11al st.yl,•. B11t .Jo
not rnake the rnistab: 11[ Ll1i11ki11g t!t;tL yon 11111sL l1l'gi11
with tl1is. Tt i:-; not t:\'Clt JH·("·ssa1y, f11r t;111i11 e111·c· i11
tlte field of Idle rs, tl1at y1111 slwuld l'\'l'r n ·:t('lt it, a11d
often t111~ l>cst rn1·;u1s ()r l'l'•t1· hi11g it is tl1l'<l11glt si111pl it •ity. 1\hrk how si11111ly \\';1sl1i11gto11 1r\'i11 g· writl's, "r
Be11jami11 Fm11ldi11 i11 ltis Autu{u"1:1mpl1,1;. (II' :-;ir ( 'l1;trl1·:;
Darwin i11 l1is J,t/ lr·r.~. J\11<1 yet tlt e writings of tl11•s1'
m e n possess lit<·rary rnvrit ·nl' a vury l1i g·l1 1ml< ·1"
1':1 td(•:t \'()l' to u"e 01tly st11·l 1 \\'ords as sl 1a l I I w i 11 t.nl Iigi bl e a.11d in offl' 11sive t" all. ( ll1sold e \l'ol'<ls, \1·11nls
tl1aL are graduall y 1lrnppi11g 011L of use, a11d \\'()!'rls tl1at.
are just corni ng i11to 11se, sliould lie e rnpl o.n ·d, if at all,
wiU1 a full n:eognitio11 o[ U1e risk i111·ttrn·d: tl11: ti11w
way cuuie when tlt(:ir prtsence will n;11der tl11; 1'lilil]'"sitio11 worthless. \'V ouls fn 1111 a foreign la11g11ilg<· tlrat
have nut l1eeo111e naLuraliz L~ d an• ge1wrally 111111t'l'<'ssary
<Lll\l are l1l'sl. avoid, ~ d.
Tht:y t.hrnw Ll1e usc·r t111d ,,r t.l1e
suspi1:io11 of l":da11tr_y. Prnvineialisrns, or 11·ords \l'l10,;e
use i:-; li111it~d to cnbi11 loealities, and pe .. 11liariti1•s "r
dialed (excq>t in ' ' r1iah~ d, pieces") sl11111ld like1\'isc Ii"
esc:h1·WL'1l. SLi11g is 11f t<Hirse i11at1111issilih·. Bet ,,.L'l'll
a long :tm1 a ~11mt wmd, other tl1ings l1c:i 11 g l'l{ll:1l. tl 1t•
pri1ll'iph: of ecunorny \1·<11iltl suggest tlte cltoi1·c t11' tlu·
sliort one. Betwven Latin aml Saxon ,] L,rivati,·,·s tl11·1·1 :
is perhaps no fixed enns id t~ ntLiun to gon·rn <111r cl1oice;
th e pec uliar virt.m·s or the Saxon wonl a1"· admit tcd,
LuL tl1 ey lian: pruLabl y l1een O\'CrpraisL·r1. A SjWGili··

I \'J'J(f •Ill "C'TC •I\\' .

111

r.. ,.

t \11' g·11i.l;i111 ·1· .. r tlil' ' '.I"'•
t I l\'l'l' 1·nn· t l H' \ ,.,, ,; i,.; "r

11·c1nl \rill ll'11cl .~T•·:if .. 1· 1·1.·:·1 11· tl1:111 a g"L' 11 c ri i; one,
' '"Jll'<' ially i11 dl·sc TiJ•li1·.. writi11 .:..:·. <l 1Ti1,;ic111all y :t word,
1·1ilir.. h · 11 1111l •,i1·di1111i1l1l1· 111 it ,;1· lf, 11111 s l lie• rejectcJ
l1c'<·: 111 >< c· it i11t .. rl'c·1 ·c·>< 11111 11111 .. !1 11·itl1 tlw rl1yt.llll1 and

But Hinl:C

\\ 'itl1i11 lll\',;c) li1nitation~
c·111• l1 1111y 111' tl 1l' ,;c·:itc·11"''·
1·}1C>11,;I' :11 \\'i l.l'S t\1 1• 1\'t 11·d tl1al Sl'1·111s 111 l'•1111·ey most
e•\:l l'l l\' .\'ulll' 1111 ': l11i11"'.

vc·r y hri u fly 1111cl"r a. clw.1·11 l1;·:1d,; . .1·1111 11·ill ]'r"\,;i\ ".1·

j(,

1,; i11tl'ildt'd

·
l , a11c l
i,.; re,;lndc·•

its le11gt l1
ilivi,.;irni will dqH'111l ,.;11 11H·11·1i:il :1J"l,itrilri ly 1111 tl11• J .. 11 g·tl •
of tli u 1y] 1.,]... 1·11111111•,;iLio11. If yo11 :11T tn·:1 ti11 g ii 1\11 ·1111·

L1111 g· ,;e·iil1 ·111 ·"" g·i1·1· 1\1" ]11 ,; tc·r 11f till' p olished

111 :tk e n, d1•zi ·1i "" 'T" " l'o 111li11g· p:irilgr:q•l1s: l11il if ' "' 11
I 11· 111c· ,,. it I 1
;trc.: writi11g " 11·l 11• l c· 1·11 I 111111· 1111 t I 1c ' s: 1111 " l
t h e ,;:tllll : eli y i,; i1111,.;, y1111 \\'ill l1i1\'t: t11 c· 111ili11C' y1 11 1r
· t c·r .-:1 1l,e li1·is i1 11 1s .. r Ill\' tl11 i11.•,.,"lit.
p<>ragral1l 1s t o 11111111
Freqw.; n \, par:1.gr:q1l1 cli1·is i1111 \\'ill g·11c· tlH' l•il g·c· a11 "1" '11

]'"ad. Tl" · l1111g "" 111i-11 .... "ll"r" Jllilll,Y di!'li .. 11lLi1·s in
('!lli ,:(rnt'f i1111 ilill\ i .~ f11\I 1.J' j>ilJ'al ls 1'111' till' 1ills killft1l.

n.ppe:t m1ic·1· t ]1 ;d i,.; 111nn· i1 1Yi t i11 g· t11 ti!(' <1Y1·r:1.g·''.. n ·: 1elt-r
tlmn a. pag·c· cd' 111;ilkr \\'ritlc-11 111· 1o1·i111"d .. ,;11\1d.
l~11 t

'J'l 1e !,..,;[ ,.;[ 1·!1· 11il l c·\ l1i \,jt ],..tJi i11 t'\'l'I' l'ill')'i11g pro-

t,J1 c 1'1111d:llll( ' llli1] c.i li n· 11f (}ll' l 1i ll': lgT<lj>}1 ,; }11°1iJd 111' 1.t'l'

.~

:-i l111rl "" 11 (1' 11\'"" .:. :· i1·,. c·k: 1l'IH'"" · l. 1111:_:· .~ 1 ·1il1·11 r('s n·ire
1 l i)~· 11it y . :-i \111r l >'l' ll11'1 11 'l'>' g i1·,. t\ 11' >' j•:tr l; ll' ,,J' till' fai;~tecl
di:111:.1111l.

i'"rti .. 11,;.
I t i>< i11 111" e"11 1st nl<'li1111 .. r 111\' i11cl ivi cl 11 a[
sc·11l1·11 ,.,., t\1" :11 T: 111 .i..:c ·1111·11i :111!! 1·111 11'11rn1i t.1· .,f il,; p:trt~,
11 1111'1 ' [}1 :111. i11 :Ill.I' <tl ill'I' •111 1' 1\ 1i11g·, (}1 :1t t\11 • dil'Ji GU]ly
:111d

tlii·n·I""''

ll11·

(l',;I

11 1' ........
""" "!

11T iti11 ,'•"l

l1' 1·s' •

·.
'1" 11\l!
I

:1111 11 •.~ t i1 l1.1· c·n1111.!1·x s 1· 1d1 ·1 1!·1· :111d " '"' 11·i\ l fi111l tl1at. it
1-: 111 lie · :11T:i11.i..:" "I i11 ""l"' '"il 11·.1_1·s , ,_., ,·11 .. 111:i11if,·,.; ll y butter
t \1:111 111 11\'r,; . Tl 1l' jll '< •lil1·111 i :< l11 li11d Ill\' \"•st way.
1,,,,,,;, ·11 1·;;,.; i>< :11., ,j,J, .,1 ''." ,;1·1·l; i11 g 111< · l "'ri11di1· st n1d.111·e,

tl1:d i,:, " ""'' :1 ,.: lr111'1 111·c· a,.; 11 ill 1111[ yi.·ld :1 t'tJ 111pl ete
lll\'illli11 g 11 1d il 1111' c·11il .. r tl11· :<1.·11lt·11 .. 1· '" }'(o;ld1ed.
l ':irl ,: 11 1i1l l11· :1r ii , .] .,,.;,. g 1-;11 11111:1 l i1 .. 1l r l'Lil i1111 lcl each
1°tl1l' l' >< l101il il ll••l I, · i'.1 r >'l'J>:ll':Jlc· d C'Xl'l'j •L for t·111phn.sis.
l: 1·1 n1·111\ 1l 'I' tl 1:tl 1111· .. 11 q.!1.tli" l"'" iti1111,; i11 :t ,;l' 1t Lc;1 1ec are
tl i(' 1H ·g·i11 11i11.:..:· a11d
"f'tt-11 l1l·

1..

111<' l'l1cl.

Tl!(' :1rr;111 •"t'llll'll L will

111lrfll\vd l·.1· tlll' ;illril..ti1·e· 1'"1·1·t·,;

·7,f "l'iilim ces

1>C for <"l1llc-11 , 11r its 1·al1w ll'ill Ill' ;1111111lkd.

"
.
Tlic: "'l1 11 lt- e·n1111"'"iti1111 ,.;l11111ld l1 :1n· 1111 11.'· :111.\ •· 11 !"'reiH.:e . Tl1c tir,;l is ,.;c·1·11n:d I"· 11;1rr1111·i11 g· t Ill' ,.; 1il 1.i1'('t :is
cl a,; p 11,.;,;i\1ll' or d .. ,.; ir:1l•lc · ".111d 111· k .. 1·11i 11 g it ,;\c-;Jll ih·
11111 1
in Jllill<l tl1w11 g·l111111. n·,; i,.;1 i11 g ;1]! t v 11q>t;1ti1111>< 111 di gTc ·,;s .

TlH: Sl'L'Ollcl i,; "'" ·1 1n ·d \,.1· .,l,,;"n·i11 g ,;111111· 11 :il11r:il 11rdl'r
j
t.] 1u dc·1·c·lc>JH111 ·11t ,i1· tl1c tlll ' lll\' , \,y l't'llJl'iltlll'ri11g till ·
11
of'lic;1: of (\ 1c· 1•:11·: q..;r:q.\1, :111d \,y i11cli .. :it i1 1 .'.~· c·J..:1rh· t\,..
n:Ltl ir, 11 .. r l"1r;1gT:q•l1

111

i'arn gT: 1J>l1 :11 1d ""11t 1· 11 n· le •

Hcnte n e~ tl1n111 g\1 J'l'"J'l'I' di ,; t ri ln 1li 11 11 111' l'"'i 'l1 :1,:i ,; ;i11.l
tlie disl'rirni11<1ti11g 11s1 : of 1·oi11H·1·l i11 g 11·11rd,; :1 11d 1111n.mlJi rr11 n11s ad\'l·rh,; :111d prnn n 1111,; 11f rdl·n·111·1"
n

fll'l\

,;ee 11 l'l' (l ]>_\' 111 :t k i 11 g' ; I.I I () 111 ] i II l'

II

f

j \ I\'

t 'II

hd11rc \\'l'iti11g it. 0 11 L i11 deL1i\.
Th e slaiHlanl 111· 11'l1ie ·h all ,,r tl1l',;c ' 111:tlk rs

tl 1:i l pn· (·1 ·d(' :111.J 1!1: t1 r" 11 .. \\'.

nrc <l is f/CHJl l f/;j{/f/1:,

Tl1 l' 1•:ir:i g- rn1•l1 ... r l· .. 1111•ar:1 ti 1'< ·h · 1nf)1l1·rn i111·.. 1iti o11 ,
1,.; [110 11-;1'1'111111 1)(' s li g·l1l<'d . I t 1·011 ,; i ~h ,,f· a ,;1·ri l',; of

cl<ty c..: nnstit11\1.· t11l' 11l t i111:1t1' f'011rl. ,i1· :tj >Jll'al.

"'' Jd1·11n""

t l1;tl

l1 :11·c· :t 1·111111111111 l•1-;1ri11 g

111

tl1u11g1 1t,

t, nwan

11 0
imiLatnr,

;tile!

l\ 11tl1
. .

11 1JlOS 1[ Itl ll
ill'I \

11H'<ls-

(Ji e 111•,; t \\'l'itl'I',; of t\11• jll'\'Sl'li\

Tl1i ,.; 1lu1•s
th:1t an y on e sh<1l1 ],,. a Sl' l'l'l h· f, ,\l o11·1·r or

n :pn,ss111g

i11cli1·id11 alit.1· :1111l

p e rpl'l11 :tli11 g

11 Ii

l'.': Tl:11J1l T T111:Y.

I :\TH()] l UC Tl J I:\'.

mo11 olo 11y. ft. only llH'a11 s tl1aL 11y f:1rnili:1rity wiLh the
liest. lil1· 1·;tl1 1re C1f tlll' day \1·1· 1·.,111<· l11 l'\.'cng11i ze Lhe
li111its \1·itl1ill ll'iii1·l1 li l1nly is 1111 L Ji1·\·1ls(•, and :-;o are
e11a l1 l\'d t .. 1·11111'<1r111 t<> tl1 e l'l' q11in ·1111 ·11ts of a su111cwli:tt
\'arial1li: :111 .l 1·:1 g1 1<·l.'· ddi11 t: d ''1·1 ilti1·a il' d tas t1' ." ]ndi1·id11:1l (a ;;( \' rn 11s(. 11 f 1·11111-,.;1: !:1k1: tl1 e pb1·1· of Ll1i :-; in
all l':l"l's of cl<1ul•t. \\"l l\' 1t ll'C use tl1 e 1n1rd l11s/e we
i111 pl,1·. ll'l1a( ]1;1s I H'\' l l ;;o \n·l l l1r<1 11 g liL 011 L by l'rol\ ·ssor
l~a1Tt'IL \\'1'1 1d1·l l i11 liis l1·1·l 11n·;; 1111 l·: 11 gl i.sl1 ( ' .,mpo~ i­
ti<111 , tl1:it t l1 \' quv;;t i1111 11\'rn is :1l11·:1ys 11111 : ,;r l1d.ter or
w11 1·;;1-, 1111 (, nf ri gl 1t. o r \\T1111g.
111.-; k :tcl ol' ask ing
ll' l1 d lt('I' ;i. 1·1 ·rt: 1i11 1.·:•q1rl'.s;; i<1 11 is 1·1 11T\T(. or 1>( ]1 l'n1·isl', we
:tsk 11·lll'tl1l'!' iL i,.; :i s dv:ir :is it llli•dd
l w' 11 r :ts' 1·i" 11rilt 1"',,,
,-,
or :i ,.; l11•;1utiful. Tl111s 1·1n 11 pos iti(lll is n ·11111 \'(· d frn111 Ll ie
1·x;t('{. s1 ·iv11n·s t<1 :1 pl:in: <1 111111 1;.; tll\' :trls .
\\' ,, 11:11·1· s1111k1 •11 1> 1' tl1 e i11q111rta11 .. 1· of 1·lv:u·111·ss. 1l
I S ]'<'rli:1j1,.; 1!11(. (1111 111 111'], (1> ,.;:i_\· iJ. :ti ;iJ 11t <>,.;( 1·1·l'r_l'!.lij11g
1·!,.;1· sl1111ild J,,. s:1 nili1 ·• ·d t11 tl1i ,.;. ( '\' rt :1i1il y ii ;; li 11 ultl
al11-: 11·s 11;. 111:1d1· tlic lirsi t'!>11sicl1T:tii1>11, f,1r tl1aL wl 1i1·li
i,.; ol J_.; ,.1 m •. 11 0 11·1 ·1·1 ·r .l;""d it lll:ty 111 · 1>(llt'l'l\·i.-.1·. \1·ill fi111l
1111 r1·:L<l1·1·s 11 1itil t lll'y :in· as,.;11n·d 111' it s llll'l'il. :t11d 1:ven
t I1\'1 1 is I i I; v Iy t 11 Ii 11 1l I11 1t k 11-. I t is 11 "L o 1il y a cl u Ly
tl1: 1l 1·1·1·1-.1· 11·rit1'1' 01n·s (o Iii .-; n·:1il1·1 ·s. to 1·x 11r1 ·s.-; l1im,-;,·ll' i1 1 tlu: 1.J:1i1ws(. (1·rn1s i"'"sil•k, l 111t it i.-. tl1v OJi! y
sal'vg 11:1rd :1 .t.:·:ti11s( 111i .si 1it ,·rprl'l:tti .. 11 ;111'1 \\'111ild tlll'rd 41 n.:
s,·,·111 (ll l1u dict:ttl'd 11.1· tl1u i11s(i 11 L·t 11f self-dd,·11;.;e .
, \l't1 ·r .-karn1·ss s1••·k s irl'11 g tl1. ,\ Yig11rom; std c Cl[
'niti11 .~ is lit111 11d tq 11wY1 · rn urr! dl1·•·l 11ally t li;111 :1 .l'et: lile
01 1,., ;111d (., mnY•' man y l'\':11 k rs \\']1 0 w .. 11]1l 11 ut be
111 Pl't'd :t l all 1.,,. :1 \\'1 •:1k :IJ>J>1':1l . ~ tr1 · 11 gi l1 11 s 11 :tl ly g o(·s
11·it 11 r:q1idit .' · ;11lCl is tltt·rd.. re ol1i :1i1H·d 111· ,.Ji111i11:1ti 1111
:1!1il 1·.. 11cll'11,.;ati .. 11. Diff11s1' ltl'ss a1Hl proli xi ty arc fa tal
........

11 I

fa.ul ts . J\r::. a rn lc , omi t cvny tl1in g that is n nt s trieth·
pertin e nt to the :.;11l1j(•l' t in lta1ul ;u1d tlil'11 :tl 1!1rn·ia t1: i11
fo rm ,vJ1aL still n·mai 11 ,.;, slopping sl1l)rl always of tlw
lll'ev iL\' wlti!'li <r i\' es a se nse of i11 1:0111pldl'- 111·,.;,.; or wl1i..J1
"
b
le;t<b to ohse uri t.y . So m e t i 1nes lt r1\\'eve r furn; Sl' \ 'lll S lll
be b est i_;a.in e,l hy fu1!11 css a11cl judicio11s rq1et iti1>1t .
Beau
i,.; 11o t .fo11111l in C \'CI')' 11l1a sc ol' Ji fc . 1wr sl1;d\
w e cxpcet to fi111l iL in l!\' ('ry form 11[ lit1 ·rat 1t n !. :-; till
i ts presenL· e is r:t.rely n ·,.:t• 111l'd, :u1cl \.' \·e n a111 .. 11 g till'
practi\'.al , pl:1i11, a11<l !tonl<'l.)' tl1i11gs \1i t l1 ll'l1i l' l1 life an.I
}itemt11 ru alike 11111 st 1h-:1l , tn ncl1t•s 1>1' .~ 1 ·11 11i111 : l1e;t11 t.1·
will 11 ut see m ol•t rnsi\' e .
Hut le:1st ilf all is t liis
ele m en t t o lie sought, fm least 1>f all '"i ll iL corn e f., r
Lhe sl'eki 11g. Lik e lo\'1·li 1H•s:.; of form a 11cl fa1·1 '. gr:t,·1-.
ill' p e n ;wd el1111111·n <· e ol' s]1tTl'l1 do 11 0L 11 .. lcl tl11· 111 s\'ln·:.;
sul1jeeL (1> our •:Orn111:1,11d. !':1.rtl y ti ll'} ""111 1·, if :il all.
as ;1. 11a Ln1 ·:1l i11\11 ·r it a111 T, :111.\ p:1rtly <1s tl11· n ·1,: 1nl 11f
ln11g- and ]i: tii\'llL wooi 11g. , \1 1d if t lwy an · 111.t ;il n ·:1ih·
ou rs, " ·e l':t ll tlu no 11e!lL' I' tlia11 1•111-,.;111· 011 r straigl1tfnnvanl co nrst·, l1 11'L'tl l 1y 110 fal se .~litt e r, turnin g :1.,.;i1k
.for lll1 11wrdri, ·i1>us or11a11t1:11 t., ;111d jl\'rl1:1.ps i11 tlic 1·11d
w e (ou ,;hall ti1111 so111 c sl1an.: \If tl1,·se d u"i 1-.: cl1:11·111s.

Ly

:--; ECTTO i\ 1. -- E\J'O:--;JTIOX.

l ~ X l~l<C I:-;1 ·:

ll\TH(lf>l.("i'(>J:.l

X LI.
l ' l: .\<'Tl< ' I·:.

'

T o ex !'""' ' <>r.· t>X j•111111d i" (() S('t .i'<>rlli, to la,r "!••·11.
Expnsit. illll t lll'll j,.. !Ill' :i d , ,i· ""tli 11 g- 1'11rtl1 <>!' la1 · i11 .~-"i '"' 1
to v ie w, (( 1,, al'L of 11 11folili1 1.~·, dl'fi11i11 .~·, .l'Xj•lai 11i1 1_:_:·.. i1 1te rp re t i1 1g·.
term1S, 1r l1i •·l1 d ,• 1111(" "''.i"1·ts .. r 111111 1 .~· Jit, <>!' 1ritl1 ,,,.,,/'_
o.sit-ioni<, wl1i1·l1 l'X j>l'I '."" r .. Lit.i"11.-< l1..t11·"" '1 ol>.i •'l' h " r
th o11 g lit, 11·" !1:1n ·. rlu ·/111· /,.,,/ 1>!' /i/0·111-,,1 ".r;111s/f/,,11 .
'\ V (~ ,;J 1;i] l l1 ;i \'(' (ll .c.:·11 ;1 ,;(l- 1.' flld l1l'1' ;J11d ""·'' ( !1;1( I ill'torii:al i'-'l'" " ili 1t11 l'•> ll l'l'I'll" ii,;l'Ir, 11<it. witl1 ,;i 1 1.~;11Lir
1.enn s, wl 1i('l 1 d c11.,t c· ,; i11 g·l1· .,J,jl'l·h 111 d 1, lit1l with ~-l'1wr:il
Le nns, 11"l1i ,· l1 ,..t;1 11d 1'11r ;i11 y 011e .. r a. 111111il1l'r "f 11li_j1 T h
J1:1.vi11 g t'l'!'L 1in q 11 :tliti1·,; i11 1·111 11 111<>11 ; :1.11.J tJ,,, ,;:1flll' i.-;
tnw ol' l'l'"J•o,.; iti <>11 s. Fnr ex: 111q11L-, y ou (':tJ1110( '' "l" >1111d
.!11111 ,.s 'I V11it1-.
Y"1 1 1·a11 """'·rill\' l1i111 . Y1 llt l':i11 .":1 1· 1l1at
ill• is :L t:ill m:111 ll' itl1 d:1rk ''}l's ;111,J 1n·ll ,. J1 i.,1·l,·il
f, ;;d.nn's; :11Hl tl1i,; j,; dl' :>l' ri 11ti1111 . H1 1t. iL i.-< 11< il 1·x 1•"s1t1011. l\11w lllllin , tl1:i t in tl1is 1fo,;n ipti1111 :1 ,!:;Tl «ll d1·:il
is t.: 1], 1•11 !'11r g-r:111b·tl. Tlwrc is ( !1 ., g·c1 1\'r:tl terlll 111i1Ji

...'

"'

1:211

J-: X I 'OS IT I < I:-; •

T .. :111 int clli ge 11 ce wlii uh
sl11tt1ld k111111· 11<1tl1i11 g of tlit; 1111·a11i11g ,,f t lw wor<l rna.n,
tJ1,, dt·s1Tit>1i1111 wo1ild 111, t111i 11td li .~·il1lt-. 111itil tl1at wnnl
11·1·1·., 1·\1.lai 111·d. ~11t·h CXJ>L 1nati"11 11·011ld lit; lcel111i ua lly
l'i1ll1·d l''l '"" iti 1111.
11.,,.,. sl1;1 ll ll't' ,.;t'I ;il11> 11 ( 1·xpc>1111< l i11g g t·11t•ral tv.nns?
Takt• 1l1v t1·rn1 '"'"'· \\' ,. sl1llllld IJllt say, a,; 11·e ,;aid of
.Ja 11 11·s \\'l1il1 ·, t l1;1L :i. 111an li.1,; ilark v1·vs, f11r iJ1 ;1L is true
.,f s<>11 11· 11 H· 11 <>1ily. l~1it . 11·t, sl111 1il.! say, a111u11 g 0Ll 10r
tl1i11~·s , tli:1t. ;1 111:1 11 j,.; a .. n·:1t111"' 11·itl1 t11·" 1·ye::;.
Tl1a.t
i,.;, 11·,. s l11»1l.! ,.; 1· l1·d <>1ily tl1""'' •111 ;1l iti1 ·s tl1;1t aru pos,.;1 ·,.;s1 ·.! l1y l'l ·1·n· 111 •1'11 1:d i11diYiil11:il 11f 1111· 1·L 1,.;s ""mprc111·1" l, ·d J ,, . 1lw .L:·1·111·r;il !t-r111. I ), -.~ , · 1 · i I it i1t11 d1 •; il s wiLl1
i11di1·id11ak 1•11i1iti1>_~· ••Il l tJ1., f1·;if11r1•,.; tli;it di,.;tingnisl 1
<J iit'. i11di1 id11:il i'r1111 1 ;1JI 1t!l11·1·,.;; t'.\1111siti111 1 dt ·;d,.; wiL11
.L:·c111·r;1b, 11 · itl11·L1 .~,.;1·,.;, i"' i1 iti 11 ,c;· 1111! tl11· f1·;1t11n·s tl1:d. a.re
L·11 111111t>11 !11 ;1IJ i11cli1·icl11als .. r tl11 ' 1·lass. '1'11< , lllTd 11f
'''l'""iti1111 i11 tlw al 1111·1, 1·as1· 111ar 111>1 1,.. "" 1.l11·ions Lec-:111,.;1 0 tlw t1·rn 1 i,.; \\\·ll 11111krs(11t11l. l111t if I ,.;;iy'" /'"nuLi81~
/ , 11s l is a s1ildi111l' 1·11i1· ." 111 :i 11_1· n ·ad1·rs 11·ill 11·a11L Ll1e
111t·a11i11 g- .. r t l1 1: t1·n 11 ''/';,. ('\J•"1111tJ,.,1.
< >f c·11t1rs1·, fr11111 a11 ull wr l"' i1it 111' 1·i1 ·11·, tl1t •su class
f1·;tl11n·s ar1· cli,.;ii1wlin.. TJ 1;1 L i,.;, tl11· 1·]a,.,s is 0111 .Y one
;11111111.i; 11t.lll'r d;i,.;,.;,·,.;. ;i11d to J,,. dist i11g11i,.;l1l'd fr11111 tl1 cm.
Tl1 1· jH ls,.;cssio11 cd' L11·1• l'.\'l'S 111;1rks oil 111t ·11 at. 0111:c fru111
all c rcal11rt·s i"'""l'ssi11g· 11111n• 1·n·s 11r f1·1r.:r. .l\Ta.11 is
lJ1l!. 111115 tlivisi1111 ,.f a 11111n· t' 111111•n·lll'11 s i1·l, 1·lass, -a11i111iil. 011 tl11 : 1>tl1t·1· l1;1 11<l 1·la"""" 11 uy 111 : s 1ilJd ivid1:1l,
a:1 d f1·:i!1 11·1·,.: that. :1n: 111>! 1·11111rn1>11 !11 tli \' wltulc l'ia.s::;
111; 11· l1t: ('111"1111H1 to li1l' 1111 ·11 1lJ\' rs .,f .. 11 1: of' tl1t : s 11l.di1·1s11>11s . F1•r 1·x;1111pl1·. 11·liil1 · 11·1· t·a111111t. say tli aL rn en
an~ 11'trk-< ·y1·cl, ll' e 111:11 L1irl1· ,.;;Ly tl1a.L 1t.aliaw; are so.

I NTl>Olll i CTt

ll ~Y

1 :.! I

J'l t A G Tlt 'L

And t lt e flalia11 m1·e nmy wdl h .: a s 11hje('t for t·xpositim1 . ft is wl1cn we n :ae li t li c i11di vid 11al in tli e bst
analysis tli:1L " ·e li:tv1 : :t prnper s 11 hjc ct for dt·,;1·ri 1•ti .. 11.
There arc 111:u1 y Italia11s - t. l1 c krn 1 rn •ty lie l'Xpn1111cl1 .. I;
the re is only 11n e Dante ·- 111: rn:ty be dl' s1-ril1l'd. Y1111
m1ty cx p1i1111cl tl1\ : nH:•a11 i11 g of tn· c n111l 111 L·ad1>11· :111.J
riv er, Lut }'lll 1lese ril >1'. th e lnn<l:-wape ahn1 1L y1111 wl1icl1
has no cx ;1d, 1·ounterparL amung ;lll tlw la11ds1-:q1(·s 11[
the ea rth .
~Lric:tly spt•aki ng. a s 11 hjcd for expos1t1011 1:-i 11 eit lwr
a rnaU:·ri:Ll ol1jt:ct 11nr a11 al't11al t·v1:11t. lt is 111 \'n·ly <t
ment:d (·r1n1·1·pt - · ;t (·n111·1·1•t. fonnt ·d l1y p11tt i1 1.~ tng dl1 1· r
in Ll1011 gltt :t 1· t·rtai11 11 11llllw r 11[ 1·1111111J1•11 q11:il iti1 ·s "r
a ctions. Evl'I'} i11di 1' id 11al uf a 1·hss li :ts tl1e c·11111111t111
da.::;s-<]tial ilies. llllL iL it;1s s<1mdl1 ing lllC1re tl1a11 tl11·,.;1· - .
i t l1as i11 :1tl tlilinn its incli vid 11:tl t'l1a rw·tnisti('s. If ii
were 11ossil.J1: to st rip iL of llll' .~\ : l:iilt ·r. 11·1: sl1011ld l1 a1·1:
But. it. is rna11i ft ·,;t]y
imvossililc to lia1· c a rnsc possessing sizv witl11111t l11 ·i11g
of any partin1br size, or pos~ c ssing Gulor without iiPi11g
of a11y jliLrti e ul:tr co lor, :t.ltl 1011gh t l1 at i,.; j11st. w l1at is
conte 111 plalc1l l1y t.l1e co111 -. ej1L e;dlccl lljl i11 •111r llli1 1d 11y
Ll1 e gc11 c ra.l ter m ru.•e.
For t.ltc prese 11L tlw 11 rli et.orical expos iti o11 111ay 111-.
defined as tli c pmc1·ss of d di11i 11 g and t ~xp l ai 11i11 g (}I('
co 11 ee 1•L~ 1·all cd np i11 t.l1e miml by gu 11 cral terms (IJ'
propos i tio11,.;.
A 11 that lias lJL:c ll sai1l thus far in tl1is 1·xcn·1.-;1· 111ay
lie take n :ts :t11 cx:tmpl e uf t his process: it. is an exp•isitio11 of t.1 1e Lcrrn r·~po.q /t/0 11. Now takn 111 11 : 11f t.li e two
sul1jects g i ven at Lli e l1eail uf this exen·ise :incl 11Tit e a
bri ef e xpositt•ry c::;sa.y upu11 iL. Yu111uust. kt1 e ulibincd

.

I·:.\ I'•

1,.;

I 'I' I<

1 .\.

lit.tie mat.!<:1· what; only it sl11111ld 11t: rigtwously a<llwretl t". Let the 11l :u1 lw f1ilh· 111 :ul.: (lilt. l1t·l'ore Lliere
is :rny al((:lllpt 111\\'al'd \\'l'iti11g tlie L·,.;say: t 111 : wol'k of
1·ornp11sit io1 1 llw 11 will 1·1111sist lill'l'l 'lr i11 all a111jilifieaLi1 1n of tl1 .: 1.1l:i11 and \1·ill J,l' !'01111d ('1111q1:1ralil'l·l_y easy .
Tlie 1·ss:1ys ol' ~Lu·:1llLI.,1 · :i11d I>,: <J11i111·•·y Lill 1mth:I'
t.l 1is da.ss . i\11111t·1·.,11,.; (':\:llllj'l•·s i11ay lit' f"u.1111 Lon ill
the (:1l1Te11t 11l111il 1,·r,.; "f ,.;111·!t 111a .~·; 1 z i11 1·s as tl 1e ]i,T, ,r/lt
;f 1111•r/r·1111 t.'1·1 •/1· 11', JIl/11 11/ /,- JJl;,111 Id.'/, /',,1111/1/ r 81·/1·111.·e
Jl!u11lld,1;, F un1111, .-lrn111. !11 ,.; f , ·; ~d oi' il[ll'(' lldi11 g lwrr· n.11y
Jllll(le\ nf tJ1i.-; kind (If ('(111l[lllSiti1111. tJ11 • f11JJ.,11·i11 g )'"fall~
:1n: [II't'S('Iitvd !'111' s(11•h-. Tiil' lil'sl i.-; :d1s frn..t, ·d !'rn111 :.Ll1
essay l1y ( 'l1:1!'ks F. TJi,,· in~· i11 1111' l·,'1 /11 f'l rl/u111/l t.' 1·r•lew
for 1\j1l'i l, li'i!I:.! . Tl1 t• li1.,.,(. rn:ii11 di\'isi1111 is o f t li e 11:1t11re of an i nlrn1inl'li11 11 :1111] prn11111111ds :~ q111 ·st i1111. Tl1e
J, .. ,]y nf !li t: t•ssa.r is d1·\'ol1·1l t11 :i11s1\·1·l'i11g 1 l1i.-; 1111cstion.
111 11H: 1:n1 11 :l11si1111 :1 ]l'ssrn 1 is drn1\·11 --- :t11·ay is s nggcskd
.11f apphi11g lo :i dl':tit!a~·e tl1 e ];rn1\l'lt · d .~·" 11·lii1·l1 l1as hl'cn
:LITi\'"d :iL Tl1i" plan 111:1.1· 111·\·•·I' l1an: l1t·1·11 \\'l'ittt:11 1111L
hy t l1 e 1nitn. l1ut it lll \lst. lian: ln· eu pre lty de;u·ly
detinl'd i11 his 111i11d.
T ii t·: ( 'IJl.U:t:t·: l'HJ.:;;llJl·:.\T.
l ~ 1111."'i11:d a 11 11~u11f

11f

l 1t1fi1·1· /'1Ti·1 it h·

Fn· q 11t·11t /'(•:-- i,:_.:·1ia li111 1:-; ,

11

:tl l ra t·lt·d In t l1i :-: 11tli ce .

Ht•l:tli

1

111

A~ a help toward lighLe ni11g- hi s Jinicultil's, kl U1« cu ll i·g•· l'n·si <le 11 t's \\' Ork lie rnadt: as t!t·fin it." as 1'1 ",;i ld l' .

Th e foll owing is an 011tli 11 e of a p nr Lio 11 11f :111 '.1l'tid1·
hy Hen ri dl<L L. Sy1111ut i11 till' Co 11ln11pu1·r1r!I /{, ,,,1,· 11• 1< 1r
Noveml ie r, 1o7-±:
L1TTLE l'AUl 'E ltS.

()i,;c uss io n li 111i t.t·d (11 tl111,:t< l'iiildn·11 wl1n art' all"i•t 1·d hy tlw Shi<'
t ltrotwh 110 fa11l t of ll1 l' ir 011·11; ]':Lrtil'1ilarly lo g id s 11 1 111"

"' il:Ln I>i sLriet."
"l\lctrupol
Tltree classes :
O rph a ns,
I lese rll·d ,
Ca,;llab.
Classl'S d l' fi ned .
Tltrf' f' im•tli o• ls uf d t·al i1t g w it h tl11·111 (thi: n,..t]111ds not. ,... i1wi t!.-11 L

~l

i.

,,

·:1

;.-_ -·

with thL'. cl ass•' S):
Bo~ril ing out,
Separate sc.l111uls,
J)ist rict. scli11nk
Hcsnlt.s of trai 11 i 11 g. Co nelu,:i1111s 1lraw11 fm111 n lli cia l r1·p11 rt s.
" 'ork in g syst• ·tn 111' ""ltouls.
Lat.er careL·r of g irls.
App••ar:rn cc :w d he:dtJ..
111dilfrn·11ce to prai"-' ur l.! a1 11e.
Capah ili Lies.
Exa111pl•·s.
Sig 11i fica 11ce of Lltese res ults .

kl'li1111...;. dt·('li11 ati 11 11 :-\.

(' (1111p: 1rati\1' Li1 ·k (d' :-: 111·t·1· :-; ~.
\\"ha t l:-4 tilt' n·a so11'!
'1' 111' ndlt·g·<' 111·1.,;id1·11t, n·1n·' "" '"h al. lva :.: l fu 111' di ,;t.i 11d n ·l,.t.iu11,;:

lo tlw ~·11\·l·r11i11g 1111ard,

1111· f:1,·11l ty,
H1 •la t ;, ,11 111 tl11· ,: I 111li·11 i." .
) ~ 1' \;It iill I 111 111" ,:. . :, 1· ! w r;tl l 1t i! t/ i1 ·.
'1'111 "·"' 111 ;u1 it'"l d :111 d dj,-,.,.,, 1' r•·lati1• 11 ,: d1 ·1 11a11d ran · 1·1·rsatilit y of
t a l,.11! .
H .. l:di""

SC 11·:'.': Tl FI C Ti t ENl'lS l·:s .

E XERCbE XLIV.
SCIENTIFIC TlU:A'l'lSES.

111

The Flora of Our County .
Fauna of th e Middl e Stah·s.
Lr·1•i•.l optera.
'!'111· \ 'i11 l1 ·t FalJ)ily.

Evul11tio11 of J)J'p"''·
Social Ordl'rn uf America.
;\1·11·,;11:qwn; uf To-day.
L~,

~~~~

;

-:-.';.-;-.;_.:..

1 :l ()

\\' 1· s l1al l l1aYe to n• cng 11 iz e lll'l'I' th is 1·l:ts.,; of litcra.L11n·. tlw1 1g·l1 i t. is dillic1ilt t" s1· l1·<"1 frt1111 it s 11 it:ilil n sllhj1·ds f11 r 1· l1•JlH' 11 ta 1y 1·x1 ·n·is1· i11 ('<11 11 ,.,siti,, 11 .
Th e
1
S(' it·1iti li1: tl'l'at ise '11·pl'llil s r... J' its \'; tl111· ·" " al1111 ;sL e 11Lire l_y
Ill! Ltli.11·11111,; n ·s1•aJ'd 1 :111<1 .St •\'(' l'l' tl111 11 0o·l1t tl l.l
. L 't
I. S CL~ lllS
Sl':l l'<'l ·h· \l.t11'll 1 1·n 11 s id, ·r i11 .~·. :1t ,·111 f1·•1 111 t l 11· ·" t a111 l J 11 >1· 11 t of
I

\'t11111111siti1>1 1.

1 1 1111111.L~T: qilis

ilH't1ll\'l ' lli1 ·1tl

It rn11 st. 1,.... r a J" 1wtl i. t""

l. 1.,. 11 in

llll tl1,· 11ano1 11·1·st s 11l•.i• ·:ts, tl i.tl , 111 ,.J,.,s it
:I .'-' :t. f<1 1'11I 11f llTiti11• " f111' 111 \' l't • jll"lt 'll.. ,
l.
........

1;~ l

St ' I l·:'.'"1' 1l•' lt ; 'l'l:t·:.\TI Sl':S.

EX i ' I >S l'l'lt >:\.

t

·-

ter m 111 :ty he ;tppli e d.

Tin: g o1n•rnl !1·rm j,.; s;Liil ln 1·011-

notc tht: f,11 ·11H·r ;111d (11 dn111/1 · tl1 t.: htter.

Tl111 s tl w w11rd

1·n 1111 <1ll'>' lw11 " } L'" , lt•11 linge rs, :111 1q 1rigl1 t l1rnl y, :t
r easo 11i11 g f:t.t' ttlt y , de . It d e 11oh:s, :ttT.ol'di11g t11 g·t·11gntp l1i c;d di 1·isi11 11 s, A11wri1·ans, l·: urnp ea11 s, ;\ fri<':t11s ,
etc.; 11r, aeco nli11g to 1111 L: e Ll111 o l11,'..;·it·a l di l' isio11 . ( 'a 11 1· a -

111 11.n

sia11s. ;\ln11 goli:1.11s, :Lilt! Etl1i u pia11s.

. \ gai 11,

rni gl1L

lll(;ll

be .Jil'iil l'd i11 Lo C l1ri s ti :t11s , .J ews, i\lal11 1md:t11s, d1·.
Let. llS ,L;·i l'u a ,;t·i1·11!ili1: l'Xpositi,,11 of tl1 e tn 1n lri:u1g·I, :

(

J\1 1d yd :1 littlv n·ll1·<"l i1111 11·il l s l1tJ1\' tl1al. '"" ] 1avc
all'(: atl y tl'\'llt'l!l'd 11J1<111 tl1 is li l' l<I. 111 till' siT ti 4111 d i· \·"t etl
to Dl'sni11 lit11 1, I·:x1 ·n· is1·s \:\ ' IJ . :1i1<l \:\: .- X\:\ ' 11.,
111 .. n· \1'1•1·1· i1w l11d1·rl :11111111 .!..!· tl 1,• s1 1l 1jl'('fs 111 ;111 y .!..!·c ri i·r:t.l
l1TlllS 11·l1 11·l 1 " ·;1ll('d In l•J'1 • l' l'")" ' l'l .1· ftJ I' s1 ·i l' lil ili c l'Xl'!1si ti1111 t li:1 11 l"r d vs1Ti]'ti1111.
1: 111 tl 11 : i1it i·itt i0 11 11 ·;is
r:1 tl1"r 1l1:tl ""Ill\ ' i11dirid11:1l 111· tl11· /' I;1ss ·" ]II Ii Il (l J I\ ' St' il'l'f l'd . i11 11·i1i1·J1 <';}St• tit\' .Jl' St 'l'i j1li1111 11·111iJ,j lll il Il l! '('(.
t l1" n·11 11i s it' "" 111' a111·x1111si ti1111. 1·' 11 I' I' x I "'·" 11· 11111
·
1JI· 111 :11 ll l s

'l'ri: u1 :.<I,·

t.' 1111r 11d PS

a. c ire 11111 :-'t.'l'ilwd s 11a('t',

l i I lt' :O: ,

tl1 l't 'f'

I hrl'e an g l•""·

'ft ci l' ll llll'S
pl <ll ll' f ria11 g lt•:-' ,

:-iJ dn·rit-;i.I I ri an .~J,·:-',
cnr \' ili1w;1r tria1 q. :;ILS.
1

Plant·

tri : 1 11~l 1 · 1.:ur111utt·;o'

a c jn· 111 11....:c ril11 •1l .-.; J•[U't-' ,
t !1r1·1' . . . 1 r:ii .:. .:. ld. l i1w :-;,

tli:tl 111· sl1:tll lirs t 11l1.'< 1·n, • 1:11 ·.!. !·" 111111il1" "" ,,i· iiidiiidiials
llltl.il II'<' sl1:tll l1;t\'l' f111·1111'd ;1 .!. !.l'lll'l':tl 1·11 1ti'l'll{j 011 fr 11111
wl1 1l'l1 11·" 1·: 111 1,,. n ·:is11 11:il1ly s 11r1· :11 111:1rti .. 1il :ir 111 1:t!iti 1.,,;
111· k11q111r:1n· 1'l•11di ti111 1s 11:1 1·,. 11 1·1·11 ,.:-; 1·11111 1.,J. (>ill' 1111 1,-t,

; I I 1~...:, I I • ;-; •
It dt·n<d1·:-:, ac1·n rdi11 g l o u 111 ~ divi :-:; io11 , tria1q.!;l 1·s lta\'i r q~
11 1' two i-:. it l1 ""' t't tIl a I
sr·rde11f',
.
\all i-:. i1l 1·;-; 1·1111;1!
111 11 il 11 1r'nd,

li:t\'\· sq· 11 :i .!..!Tl' :i! 111:111.1· 1· i,, Jt.ts • .-< !1·111111<.,] :111.J ." 11·1 11 11·,;s
1rl1itv :i 11d .1·1·111111· :1 11d l.J11 .. , l11· :irt - :tlld :ilTll\1- :tlH;

Accn nlit q. ~: to

j1: 1l11 1at1·-k:11"<"i. 111 ·1'1 11 ·,. ill' 1·;11 1 tn·:tl ,;,. i.. 11 1ilic·:tl li· tl w
1·i11 ld 1':1 111il \'.
\\ ' " 11:11·1· l n·:it .. il c1f "Xi'"" i1 i1111 tl11 1s far a.-: if it li :1.J
lc1 1k:ll 1111 h \l·itli l11g il':tl d l'ii1 1i t i11n . 1!1 :1( is . 11 ·i1! 1 tlit :
ili s,.c11·t·n· ,.i· ;1] l l l1c · 1·111111111111 •111: tli1 i.. s ll'l 1i ,.J1 till' !..!'t• rwra l
l1 ·1·111 i11q >li 1·s.
l\ 11t 1lt 1·1·<· i" :111 11tl11· r s it! ,· !11 it.
It .Jl':il.,;
;1ls\I w itl 1 wl1:1t is 1·:illt'<l l11.L;· ic·:1l tli 1· is i1111. 1]1;1(, i,.:, tl "
1
t·111111ll·r:1li<>11 111' :111 tltt· i1 1di,·i1l11 ,·1I." I•• 11·l11.1·l1 tl l l: g1 ' I ll'l':I J

t I 1I' I ' 1 '

Lwu ~ td •·s

1·q11a l -

( 11 uL

:11111llu •r

all

.

~ Ill e.,

di \' i. . i1111 , l1 : 1 ~ 1 ·d

;1n ~· l1·;-; i11 :-i l1·a •l of tl 1t ~ 1l ilfc· r• · 1w1 ·;-;

t ri : 1 11 .~ l1· ;-; l1a ,. i 11;. !," u 11 e ri ~· l 1L :u 1:.. :,·it·
11uri .~lit ;u1 gl (• -

{ u11t·11 ld11 ...:1•

11/,/i1111 1-0 11.r1/11 / -,

.
e11 11 :1/ - 1.-·11.-·1·r/• .< .

011

t lw di ff1·n· 1w• · 111

i 11 ,....j,l1·:-:.

it

d1 · 111i1~· ...

0·:1fil - 1 1t1 yl1 ,/,

;111gl•·

!J() 11 J1t11 :-:.1 · ;1 11)..:'h-

u f1f11 ...·1 - 011.r1/,tf.

- 11 1·11/1 -r111 .1j/11{ .

i\1Hl likcwis1~ 11·itl1 tl1 e il 1" 11 1d :i!i"11 ol' ,;plwri 1· al :111.J
t·11n·ili11 e:tr (.ria11 g·h.: ,; .

\!ah· a s illlil:tr t·x 1111s iti 1111 <1f tl1\'

!1·rrn ,111111 ln111:111"
l t is l'\·id1 ·1J! tl1:t! ]111o·i1·:1l 1li1 is i1 111 111 :11· 11ft1 ·11 l1t : 11 1:ld 1·
·"'

0 11 : ~ 111111tl1"1' of dil'ft.: 1·1! 11 L pri11 c ipl1·s; <>11 " " ~'.r1 ·;1t

a

~-·~

~

cr:?r;,
"";""'•.,

Wt~r~e>~
~--:~-

·---.-;"",

1:\-1

sta111l th e 11111':1111iliar. St ll'li c·11 111p:iris11 11 11·ill [>by a
pn·11liarl y Lu -,~"' [': tr t i11 niti .. is111, 11·!1i1·l1 i111·ol \'1·s either
l'stal.Jisl1i11g st :t11da.rds o r j1 1d g i11g l1y !lwn1.
For l'X<llllj1l 1•." J'('a1l tlie 1Ti t i.. :d 11·C1rb; .,f l•' m 11 cis
.J d l'n._y , 1\lattl11·w .- \rn old, l.'rnfcs,.;1 1r DCJw1!t-11, .Ja.nw,.;
H11,.;,.;t'l l L11m·ll •. J11l111 Hu,.;ki11. Tl11· fPllP11·i11g- is exn·rj1kd fr11111 \Lt t tl1t·w 1\ r11 1.Jd"." 1·,.;,.;;i,r 011 'l' n111sl11t in!J
1101111'/':

'J'l1 .. rd11 n'. I " '·'" 11, .. tr:11"la l<>r n l' 11 .. 1111-i· ' """'" J••"wlraft. l1i1n~t · l f

witl1 a. ;-; 1·11 ~1 · 11f !h •· 1.J:1in 11t""=-' :111d ilir1·1·l111· ;-;:-; uf JJ,,r111·1"s :-:.Lyle;
uf t he 8i 11 1pli l' ity "il l1 \\'l1 i.- h Jf ,. ,,,,. ,.·, tl1 •1 11 c:·li1 j, "'" " '" "! a 11 d ex 1

If, ~ l1a s l 11 p 1·"....; fa lt· l wf11r1· Iii ... 1· y 1· ,. .;

p n·;..;;-;t•d.

d iYon: e 111:1 y l 1t' cT, · at~·d

t.,.,.,,

l1+· lw1 ·t• 11

111 :-; !111 \\"

l 1i111 \\'l1a li

tl11· 111 11.... t .:.:; i ft1·1I

iL

tra11 ~·d:L11w

a nd J l.,111 e r J.y a 11 ;irt ili.-i:il 1'1'< •1111 j.,,, 1•f t l 11• 11 .~ l11 '""' a Iii nary
1·a , 1. of s ly' '"
( 'l1 :1p 11Ltll ;-o. :-- f.\ l t• i.. .; 1111t ar ti1it-i ;tl :1 11d l it 1·r:1ry l il, 1· l'1 t1w·:- : , 11 nr
liis 1111 1\ ·t · 11 11·1it 1•l :d 1( •r: d1 • <1 1111 :-wl f'- r1·t :1rdi11 g· lil \1 · t 111 · ·' I iltJ111i1· 1110\·i·11tt· 11 t. u f l' o \\Jii·r.
If 1• i . . j1l;1i11 -;-; 1111k1· 11 . f r•· :-: 11 , \ ' i,t.:·c,ro11 :->, atid , to a
(' t•rl;1i 11 d1·grt ·•-. r:1pid: :111d ;di 1lw . . ,. ill'•· I !tt ttll ·rir· 1111:tli1 i1 ·:-:.
' "< illt Hd s; 1y tl 1:1I J 1!1in k t lw 11 H1\" l1 w11 I id' Iii ... 1«111rl1 ·1·11 -:-:y ll ;1ld1· l i1 1t •,
, rJ1 i t· l 1 l1;1s ! 11·1·11 ~ " 111 11l· li c 11 111 111 1· 11d t·1 I. l l u 111 1·ri4 · ; l 111t 11 11 tl1i s 1111i 11t
0

I sl 1a ll h;1\"' "' " "'' !11 sa y ".\· :111d ''·'" \\ }, ,. ,, I """"' f,, ·' i'"ali ,.f i\ lr.
N t: \\' lll:tll °K i·:qil 11il ;..; .
lt1t1 it . i =-' 1111 1 di .-. li1wlly ;uiti - ll111111 ·ri c, tik1;
tlw 11111\ 1: 1111·11! 11f .\l i l l u 11 · ~ l.J ;t1 1k \ ·1· r ...; 1·: :111 .I ii ! 1: 1...; :1 r:q 1idily 111" ii:-;
O\\ll.
l' l1:1 1' 1 11 :i 11 · ~ dit'ti o11, t1111. i.'-i g·1·1t1 •r:t!ly :--: 111 1d , IJ1 ;1t. i . . , ;11 111 rn1•ri :t1 " 1., ll n 11,,· r : " '" ''" ':ill , 11,.. 'Y 'il:il'ii l': ti ,.1 ,a 1·:i l' l .. r .,r l1i s .s lv l,.
i.. .; ;1 1•1 1n1prial 1·. \\ "itl i t llt' :-:1· 11 wril :-: . \\'l1 :tl, 111·1·\·1·11! -; Iii .... lr;1t1:-:l: t1i i 111
fr1111 1 l wi11 ~ i.I :-.ati :-> f a 1: f11ry

Ii I •·ra l

\\ :11ti 11 /'

f ; t il

i:-- :-- :1id. l 1y tlH' 1· \ i .~ ·· 11<" i1 · .. .;
wl1i1·!1 li : 1s :-' ()

Jl1;i{ '!
;J ,t.,:"t ':

11.'i

\'1 ·r:-: i1,1 1 , 11· llP1tJ1 •r'!

11 1' 11 I 111· :-::-\ 1., l1i ;..;

11 f

tlH· .t.:'() ldt'! I

is

;1. } Hit • !.

;1 ,1_!'1• 11!"

1ri .!. '. i 11; 1I,

rl1 y 11w '!

11 :1:-:

J;..;

it. 111\ ' f'•·l y 1111·

i 1111 •11,... 1•1I

11111111

I 1i11 1. it

llti .... l' t·l1 ·l1r;ll1·d \'t• r,..; iu r1,

1.flt1·r

;11111

tl 1 •1·1~1·r 1l1·f1·1 · I. tl1iill

;111d ;l 1 11~ 1 · 1.

l 1nl,

nf !lw f-:li z;dw Jli:111

11 1;\ I J_\" :td\";tl1Lq...:·1·:-:. I H I

;\1i f l1t1 1'

t

lit1 ·r;d11n '. a ... it i:-. c: ll /t- d. :t11 d

1111 f!H· \\ IHdt•

l r til,Y c;tll 1·d; f1•r, \\ 11 :111·\·,·r \ 11 • 1! 11 · d· ·f( ·1'I :-. 11 ( L li1: ilq ·1l 1:1r1 l it,·rat1ir~ ·
(; 111d tl11 ',\ . :1 r1• g n ~; il ) .
t1111q 1;1r1·

1\1

wit!i it

f11 r

11111'

lil1·ral11n· tu

Tl ii "' ; 1 ·.~·,.,

111• 1. .-l1u\\ l'd

\ \ ·1· ! 1;1\ ·1· IHJ d1·\ ·1·l11 1111H· 1d

\'lg·o r :11 1d

r ii·l1 111· :-::-' .

J;~ ;-)

('111TI C I S!\I.

1·:.'\1'11,.;fTl11'.\.

11f

wha.t i t co 1i1 1\ 1!0 i11 lr:i11,latin <' lry l'"".f11l'i11 t.: " 1n:i;.; tn]'i ece vcrni o n o [ 1 !11 • llil ,} ,..
C li:1p11ia.11 '' t r:i11 ,JatiL•ll
1I o n1 <'. ri c.

""'

il ;.;

o ftco11 !"""' ]'l'ai;.;1' 1] " ' <' 111i 11•' 11ih·
it :-: ii o 1111r ( ·\'t• r y 1111i' k1111\\" :"i L 1it ,

I\ l·at ;-; "s ti1w :--q1 111 l·L i11

K er1Lti t'< itild ll1J L l'<':Lll tli e ori ;;i11 a l. :111d t l1 1·n· [un · " " " '" 11 nL n o; dly
l'til t> rid.'. !.·l·, i11 pr;1i ...; i 11~ l'l1 ;q 1111 a11 ';-; \.l' r sio 11
~ay ti :1L llw " 11n e ti11 11', .. It. " ·ill g- i'"' y11n si11all id"a ,,r Jfq111 ,. r."
Bu t t ill' S''"tl"' a1 1tl111rily 11f \Ir. Il alla 111 l'"'" "l llnl'b lh i' ir:i1 1.sl:tt.i01 1 to l.1e "11 1'1.l' ll 1• xc1·1'< li11 ,t; ly 11 0 1111'ric " ; and ih lak sL .. di t• 11·
Luldl y d el'l:tr,.;.; that. J,y w l1at., \\'illt a 1lt ·pl 11 ral •l<- 'I YI•'. 111• ,.,ti !;.;
j ucl ge 111 (· lra n,..; la t ii•IJ.

1

'• li i:-1 ow n i1111ali\· i~ 11 0111'-' l' ic:

µ;l·11iu:. .; ," ( ' J1 ;q 1111:111 •· l1a s l l11 il't•t1 gl1l_v

i1le11 Lifil'd l1i111 ;.;l'lf wil li 11 01 11 .. r " ; a n1l tl1:1L •· " "' ]•:trdo11 lii1n l'\'1•11
Jo r !ti ;.; di gn·~' i 11 11 ,;. fu r th"." :i n· si1 d1 " ' \1·e fl'd l l111n1· 1· lti 11 1,,.1r
would l1a\' e \nit t. .. n."
1 CO nfo: s;.; tJiat f (':ti\ 111 ' \'l'l' l'l'ad lll' !' IJ!," lilll' =' (O f ( ' ! l:ljHll:l ll. S
v crsio11 ·w ith o ut l'li<'llrring ttt l~1·11tl e y ~;-; cry,· · 'l'l1i ;. ; i;..; 11o t J r1; 11 11·r ~ ..
a.nil ll1:1 L fru 111 a ""' ' J•l'I' <·:111 '"' 111:111 a11 y 1111faill1fu l1 11•;.;s w ..-as i.. 111" !

b y t l11: r.. 111·r' o f rl1 y11J1'.
I sa id Ilia!. tl11 ·ro • \1'1•1-.· f.,11r llt ing-s \\'l 1i" h 1·111i1,..1itl y di 't i11 g11 i, !11,. f ll o111l'r. :11111 ,,·itl1a ' """-' 11f \\' l1i,.J 1 ll 11 11 ,..1"s tr:111.·da t" r
sh o 1tld i'"n1· lra l" l1 i11 1s1·ll ; is f11 ll y :ts l"'" ih J.. . (),.,. 1,f 11 ,...'I. f1111 r
t hi11 g-s \\a :.: .

}1;t,\"t ~

j11 ;..; I.

till' plai111lt' SS :u 1d din'(. :l1u. ·;-;s 1d· ll 1111lt'r · ~
lw1 ·11

~ pt• ak i1 1 )-'." uf

lli t.~

]•L1i1111t·:-i;..;

HIHl

id t·as.

din ·c t11 e~S

of

h i,; s ld t:; l•ut 11,. , l'lai111 1.. ss a11d dirl'd l1 t·,.;, of 11 1\'. l' o11t1•1ils
oE l1i .s ,; I _,·} .. , .,r l1i s id,.:i s t l,.. 111 s,.I\-.·,; , is 1111t lt- ss ro· 111arkal.J ...
}~u L :17'

1·11 1i1w1itl y

a:-i

II\ 1111 1• r

Eli z:d,. •111:111 lil .. r:d11r" 111

i;-;

pLti11 ,

f-'P

t·111i1h ·1J1ly

i.. ;

t l 11·

gl' tll'ral , :111d ( ' l1:1 1'111: u 1 i11 1•:1 rt i"11l:i1'.

:fa.11 .. i f n l. ..
J\l y li111it ' \\·ill ll() t alf o \\' "'' ' tu d o 111nn• ll1a11 s l1 .. r lly illu st r:d" .
.fro 111 Cl1:q11n ;u1 °s ' " ' rsi.. 11 u[ lh" / /iu1/ , \\'It al. T l11 l': lll \1·111•11 T ' l"':tk
o f t l1i s vit:1l d iffl' l'" ll l'i.o h l' L\H'l· n ll o 1ne r "'"' a 11 l·:li zalodli:.11 pn" t
in tlw 'l''" lil.v u[ tJ,,.ir tl""' g hl.; }.,.1,\\·1'" " 111" 1olai11 s i11qolic:it1· o f
Llll: ll11111 ,t; lt l. ,, [ tl1e PIH ', :111•1 tl 1l' ('lll'i (l llS """'l'J.. x it ,1· 111' l lt1· tlt .. 11 g l1 t
of tli 1: ut !t"r. .\ , i11 ]'"! '" .' <':t.s<·, 1 car. ·ftill y a1 1,; la in frn11 1 el 1oosi11 g
p a " a;::es for the t'XJ• r""" 111 1q•use of 111 aki11 g ( 'li:t] H1J a11 :l )•)'<':t r
ri .Ji c ul o 11,.;; C' !ta1•111:11i, l ikr· P up,., 1nt·rit s i11 l1i 11 1sl'H a ll rn J"'<'l ,
llH•t1 :<l1 li e l.110, lik e l'llpe, hib to n· 11d"r I In111l'r.

1 :11i

•I

1-:;-; J'c 1,;JTI• •.' \.

I 11

i

111t1 e li ,

~aqu ·d1>1l,

l1;it. l1>1 1i<: 'Jw•·«li of
II 0 11h ·r, yo 11 1n:1 y

•·if i11dt ·t·d. lint

!in·

\\"t• \\'i · n· fc) l'l '\°('l' {11

.. r " l1 i<"l1 I l1 an'

8:(iJ KO

r1·111t ;11il•i·1-, h ; 1....;
. 1w ·1•

l/1i :-. ba11h' :i\·11 idl'd 1

Wi!li1•lll ,:..'; !" t1 \\'i ll ~

11ld ;lJJd

~ECTIO~

i1J111Hil' l ai."

TI. - .\ HCU\I E\" T .\ 'l'IO\".

('l1a1'111a.n 1·anl11il ],,. :<ati:<ti"d witl1 tl1i , , l111t 1111 1,t, aolol a f:t11 cy t.o
it
' ·if k""]oi 11." hac·k
\\' quJd kt·1 ·p !);11 ·\. :: ;1 ~~ · · fn11 11
/ 11

ll.:-i .

and dl'a!h, :u1 d !hut

11·c

nii!Jhl

llf d

wrack

l/iis. / 1f1·' .-;/i1111111JL.''1'1/ ul 1111 .. ;

:-:.u

;111 11

1111.

"i:, ir \\1·11 I

,\ p;a i11

111 .Y l11 •art. ti"' da Y \\'ill l•c' "'! ""11

tlii .. .; i11 111y 111i11.J a11d i11
'1'1·,.y , }i:ill 111· ri ., \1." Clt:i.p-

1\110\\

:<:ll T •· d

Al{(; t_; i\IE:\T

FHO~l

:->El.F- 1-:\' Il>E:\T L\CT:->.

111 :u1JJ1; 11\1·s 1!1i:-;: · · .. \ 11d :-- 1w!1 ;1 .... 111,-11 1!/

\\' lw11 :..;;!l'rvtl

d:ty

:-; l1 :1 1l 1·11111t •.

in 111i11d ;111d s1111l I k11ow 1
/1 ·11,-s, , ~( unTll11·11w."

Tn iy s!i ttll .'<ltrtl her l1111·1 ·1.,-i 1 J i1 r

111i :-;. ld ;..;,d 111 1 !'11r1·\·1 ·r. lint I 1·01tld nut .L:. i\' 1· y1111 a 1... 11.·r illu."ilra-

ti1•11 tl1a111l1i ., l:t'l. "f \\li:1I I 11 11·a11 l.y,ayi11 :.;· tli:tl tl1• ! Eli z:il1L·tl11111
111w t f;1il :-- 111 n· 111l•·r l l o11wl' !11·1·;111 :-- ~·
a 1d: 1.\° Hf 1111111 ..:. lil

111:111

tr;111 ~l: J1,.,,

i 1il c1

tlH·

ii

Iii :-:

1

:\ 1 1 ~~11.. . \a1 1 11f

;L 11wdl11111.
Y1•\':..;

l 11·l\\"1•1•11

Ii i.' 1 1•.i• ·d i11t11
<itlPt ' ll

..\

\11· 1·; 111 11t d

cd1j1·1·t

it ;-; l'\j1t't• :..;;-; i u 11.

;111d

Lli~:tlwtli;111.
1111!':

1.,.jJ1

'" l'o 1pe

· ·11 11 \' •· y

ll1 11n+ ·r. 1111 tl1+· ot}wr lia11d. :-'1 ·•· ...;

Ir> 11.-.: i1 11r1w di;d1·l.L

f11 r lw: 1r l11 i11t 1•q1u:)e

it

t' li ap-

t r a11.,lall'~

it.

fu u s ll1l'u11 g; l1

Iii :-; objt·t·t illl tl co 11-

Belief, as "·c t'<> ll111101t! y 11111l u:< ta11 d tl1 e krn 1, i,.; 110!
k1H1\\·kdg1: . If Wt! 1'<11t!d 1111 L !ta n: tl 1to first. \l"itlt (ll lt till'
se«1> 111l , crn 1:< itlc ri11 g lt1 1w \'l'I'} ddi1·i e 11t we a n· Ill tl1t'
seco11rl, we ,;Jio11ld l ie i11 a d L·1ilornlJle stall'. For it
ce r ta i1tl y is well for tl1 e <L\'l'l"<i ge rna11 that. 111· ,.; lt 111tld
be li e\'\~ so11wtlt i11 g in ord e r tl1a(, li e 1nay lie alile to clt ·t·idc arnl a.ct at all. IL j,; evt• 11 a11 111wn qt1t·s ti1111 11·l1etltn
it. is 11 uL l1eUer fo r tl1 e 111 "sL of 11s tl1al 11'1 ' sl1111tlcl l>l'li 1·vt•'
wl1a t. is aclt 1;11lv f;tl,;e r;tllt e r tii;u1 lie 111 C'<•llli1111<1l ltaras,;ing doubt.
B11L w]H ,ll k11 o wll'dgc ;Lilli l11·lid shall Ji.,
co-exte 11 siYe, i f th at t im e eve r comes; 'dtl'll \\1~ shall
positiYl'I ,)' know to h ; t rn c all that w e l wl icYe to iii'
t.n 1c ; th e n Wt~ slt;tll l1av" n ·a.. 111 ,. ] ;t.11 icl1 ·;1l ,;talc. i\o
l ess tii;tJL tl1is a re tl1e l1ro;ul st ·npc ;ul(l tl11· l1i,t.;l1 p11rp1 >.~ l '

o f argum e ntation.
Exposition, we h: tve st:·e 11, is eo 11 eer 11 e d " ·il11 wl1 aL
things are--·- tlmt i:4, wi t h trut.lt e 11tl1ulli e cl in fa c ts and
relations . A rg 11 m e 11 La.t io11 goes a ste p fartlit!r. It n ot

1 . 1,

. (i

A I : <: I . ~II':'.\ 'I' .\TI t I '.\ .

.\l ( t; U ME :--:'J.'

II \ '

CA IU~ F U L

EXl'U Sl'l'I U:-1.

. [;
'j

,•1 ..

.,,i] y sl'eks (., 1l is1·ov n tr11tl1 a11d imparl a l\111l\vled gc uf
it, bul it fur tl1l'I' i11sists thal this tl'lltl1 is tr11tli, and
stri \·es to 1· 11 forc:c :L kn o \\' ledg<! of it a11d tli11s i11 s11ire an
aeLiv c 1Jl'li1·f in it. ~Icn ailn]'t l wl ie fs u11 tl1 1..: s!rc11gth
()f pr('j 11din•s \ll' of irnrnfli,·ic11t k1111\\'kdg1·. Tl1 <·\· cv1·11
1'()1ll(! l o l1l'l ie \'1' tl1i11g·s liec: ;u1sc tlw\· lta\'l' tJ, •,.;irl'd to lieli1·vu Ll1c 111. Tlll'st: h :li1·fs IH't'() Jt ll! s1·c1i111l 11 :t11 11·1 ; arnl
a1·., <·lu11g (11 11·itli :11w rti11a1·ity 1Yl1i1 ·l11·\·1· 11 tl 1t· ili s1·\ 11s 11re
t1l' tr1 1tl1 itst"lf Sllllll' t illlt'S >'l'l'lllS llll;\\'aili11 .:. :· t11 J'('lllOVe.
Ir it. \\'l'l'l' 111>1 Sil, if 111 e 11 \l'itltl11·ld \11·\id 1111( ii l;i11111·\edg-c
t«l lll\', :111tl l't'Sll'd it. ( >II tl1at ;d11lll', t ill•l 't ' 11·111ild he JJI)
Jll'l'll ft>I' :tl'g'llllll' lll<t(i111l a:; \\'l; l1 a\·c 1Jt·li 1lt't\ il. ~imj>Je
1·x1111sit i()Jl 1n11il1l ,.;111li1· e. l·:x 11i 1si t i"ll is ;11\drl'sse1l (11
ig11nra11 c1! \1·lti1·l1 11 cc d :< e 1digltk 11111 L'l1 l. ;\ rg 11111l·1ll atio 1J
is :Lddrt"ssv1l ln 1' 1Tor \1·lii1·l111t· 1· ds " '"'l'l't· !i1111. .. \ r.:..:· 11n1 v11 htiP1 1 1·x 1111s;·s ll1\' f: 1bc as 1\'\·ll a-< tilt' tr111·. I t strive,;
t11 overc01 11 c pn·jwlin.'. I ts 1111r111is1· is t l111s t wufuld: it
k 1J1ll' ks dow11 ., \,j t'IT" I' in t>r<l1·r to st'\, llJl 111 •w ln1tli.
.. T o 1· 1T is lt11man. '' 'J'l 1u 011\Trsu of l' \'( ' J'} :ul va nce
toward higlll'r \\'isdorn is a d1 ·1· 11t·r :<1·11s1· of tl1 u pruva,..
\1·111· 1· 11Pl. 111ily of i.g11 ora11t ·1· 111!1 ,, f al'l 11al 1·1T"1" 1111 !.il iL
111 :ty \l'•·ll -11i g l1 s1·1·111 t l1:i! 1·1Ttt1· is ,,r i11di ,:.,:·v11tt11 ,; g ro1wU1
a111t111g 111t ·11. Fur it ll1n1ri ,; \i, ·,; 1·\·.. 11 i11 t Ill' 1•n·,.,.· 111· u .,f
the 1nusL evidv 11 t a11d i11 1·111Jtrn\·t·rti l1l o· fads.
\\'1 11.:re
tl1 is is tl 1u 1·a,;t', :1rg1111H"11I lll <t.\' i111Jt.,.d s1· 1·n1 of little
a\·a il , fnr all arg 11111t·1il llllls1 n·st i111111 vd ia!l'ly 11 1' 11ltilll a.ll'ly 011 f:ivls.
If a. lhot llt'r .J as p1·r d1·1·L1 rt's tl1a.t LlllJ
1·:1. rl l1 is ll at. a11 d "lli t: s1 111 ,\., 11111\·1-," !111w sl1all yo 11
eu11\·im:t\ liilll o( the cu11tr:1ry ?
T\1 e g;w il.!1 :r rnay
change liis (•anls rt dozen ti 11 1•· .~ \\'itl1u11t s111·n·1' tli11g i1t
cl1a11 brriu 0rr his l uck' .yet, d1.• d:1ri11!!
!tis l1e lid i11 ll10
,,
C'harm, will change tli elll t lie tl1irtl' c nth tinw. Tliun· i,;

liltlu e ne1mr;1ge n1 L·11 t [11r one t.n try t.n lllt' t'! s ll l' h 11l bti·
11ac:y :llltl s lll'h ntkr disn·gard of n:a.~011 li,r any •IJ •\ll'al
Lo fads. Still \\'\; 111akc tl11: att.e lllj>!, a11d 11·l' ,;l1t11il d
111al~e it. too witho11t. a11 y resmL to ridi!' idc 1111til kiml1 1l' .~s
:t11 d fttrh!" <lJ'iJ,Jl l'l' 11:1 \'l~ j>l'tl\'l'd 1lll <L\';tili 11 g.
Tak u s1111u: o f tl1 e s1qwrslit.io11,; 11f tl1e tl:t,r a11 tl do· •tl
wiLli tl11·1 11 in thu li g l1 t oJ' f:u,; b t.liat. ar" ;u · 1 · 1-.~,;iliiL: a11d
evident. (n all. i\T1 1.. l1 tl1t: sa111 e s11hj1·t·t \\'a.s J>l'tt[ ll •s<·d
i11 Ll11 : scdio11 d1·\·1iil'd to e xposition. B 11l tl1t : i11!.t-1 it i.. 11
1111'n, was nwrdy lo fl'l'l' ut on t <Lll ll exp hi11 th' '"" s1q1 .. rstiL it111 s and tn·at ,,r tl1t:n1 in a dt's11l tttry l>11L v11 1<- rtai11 i11g
st y le; t he ol1jn·L l1t· rn is to <lt«tl with tlw1n ri g 1lrn11 sly
a11tl inq11iringly , allll lo sl1< 1w tl1aL they are witlwu L
g :·ou n<l in ea,;i] y <il1se r \'al1l e LLcb.

E \ EIW l~I·:
,\){( ;( : :\IE;\'I'

\ L \'I l.

BY C AHEFl ' L

EXl'(ISl'J'l<I:\ .

,\'"l~j1 · t'f :
~ 1 ·l fi s l111l' S~

1111· 1\lai11 s1•ri1<g· of 1111111 :111 Al'ii1>11..

:\!an y a1 1 t' l'l't>r 1 1:1.~ :tri sl' ll a11tl 1"·1· 11 ]•t' l']'l'l 11:t1 1.,]
1111·n·l.r tl1rn11gl1 ;t 111i,;111 11l1·rst.:u1di11g .. r t li e ti-rn 1s i11 \'11l \'l·d, d11c t·itl11·r to ig 11orn.nce of tl11; f:tt'l s or (11 :1
111isi11tl'rpn •t;1tio11 ,,f tl1t ·111 . An<l 111a11 y a11 111q.!1«1s:i 1ll
di spu t« mar l1l' a \'o id1 ·tl if tl 1t! di s p11Lu1ts ,,·j\J 11111.\'
lakt· tlll'. tr111il1l1 : a l lil'sl to n1ak1 · s 11re tl1al tl1t ·y l1:tl't:
:1 lik<~ n11d 1• rsl:t1Hli11 g r.J' ! li t: t1 :rrns in t.l1 c q11t'sti1111, a11d
tlial th ey arc apprnai·.ltin g it fn1111 t li e sa1111· p11i11l of
vi e w. On e p t· r,.;011 d eclares tl1at a pi e('t: of 11J etal is

":. ·1
:

,.

!,

\

l-!U

A1:1; U.11 E:\TA'l'll l:\.

1-11

ax l e rn a.r accl' le rate tl1 e velo1·itr .. r 0111! p o l'li"11 a11d
relanl that of a11otl1l'r, :t1H l !'<I; !Ill. Si111 il:t r j,.; t lw
q u est ion, (';L11 a 111;L11 ll'alk <tnrnnd <L 11w11k1·y 11·l1 l' 11 t II!'
lllull kl'.\' keq1s t11rni11 .L; :-o a,.; t!I fan~ tl11· 111:111 ·t Tl1t ·
only arg u111('1lt. tll!el',.:,.:al'y is tl1 e dd e rn1i11ati!l11 of \\'l1;1t.
i,..; 1111·:111 L l.y " g 11i11g· ;tro111HL"

warm to the t.011 ch a11d a111 Jl111·r d ec Lm·s tha.t iL is cold.
Th ey u11ly ll!'\'i l lo han: vxplai11 e d to th e !ll lhat warm

an<l e()ld an : n :lali ve tt•rn1 s, ;u1<l they ll'ill 1111<lerstancl
l1m\' both assntiPllS 111: 1y lie ri g ht. Tlll're is th e old
story of :L disp11te over a :-ig11-hn;1nl \\'l1ich 011t' person
1l ecla1't·d tn be rl'•l :11111 a1111t l1 t' r, l.1111· . I lad su11H.: 0 11 e
su.~·gl·stvd t ha t a sig11-li11anl h:1s t \\'() sides, f11rtlter
trouble mi gl1l ha\' e l>ce11 san'll. ls i1ilt:n ,st nn lllOIH!)' ,
11s11ry l is tl1t : taki11g ,,i· i11tl'l'es t, 1·x tortio11 'i It was
ht·lll su q11 ec, l111 L a clear l'Xp!1sili11ll of t li e 11 ;i!11re of
n11>11 ey and ()f i11lcrl'st li :1s rt'\' e r,.;e d tl1 e opinion. b
111011 ey, t':l]i ita l"' ·\\'di. \\'l1at d1J \\'1· i11<'all ],y 111 011 ey,
a11d \\'liaL cl" \\.,. 1111·a11 liy c:1 p ital 'i A dt :ar d1·ti11iti !)11
r1f tl1(',.;p lt-n11s is al 111 ut. all t l1at i,.; 111·1·d1•11. Tl11! lngi ea l
pn1v1·s,.; l>.r 1\'hid1 tl1c q111·sti1 •11 11·il l tl1t·11 lie ;tn s we recl
is so si111plt• that it :<l«tl'l·<'I} lilTd,.; vl111·i1l:it io11.
\\' l1 l' ll 11·1· li111l peopll' di sposed t() ar.~· 11 e ahrnt thi11gs
tlH'y d1> 11ot 1·11rnpn·l11·11d. or to 111 ak .. d 1,dar:iti1llls of
11'11tI1,. ; \\'I 11 ·1 1 t lwy d" 111 d 1111d1 ·r,.: t:1 IHI t I1" t Ii i11g·s wlii eh
tl1 1: tr11tl1 ,.: 1·0111·,·rn, it. i .~ 1· 1" id1·1it tl1:t! 1n· !«kdl hal'C~ to
1111·1:L tl1 1·111 ll'itl1 !«i11q1l" L11t. fur1·ild .. 1·xp.,siti1i11. Take
ll1t' tJ!d 4Jl\l',.: li1111: \\"l ll'll a 1· a r(. is 111111·i11 g r.. n\':il'! I dues
t he 11ppl'rn1ost. i'<>rtio11 of tl11 ! tire ()f a 11·hed m ove
ra.~ter
.
than tl11: 1•!11'li n11 1111 t l1 1· .L:T41\illd l
Put tlte
que,.:tion to y111 1r fr i('11 ds a1 1d ,.:1·1· Ill)\\' they will argue
it. Tl1 l'.)' \\"ill 11«1·.. r c n11 11 · (11 a11 agn·1·111!•11t, or at leas t
will 11 11L ;n1·i1·,. al a. l"41 IT\'t'l <'tlll\·l11sin11, until th ey sl'ttl e
tl1t:: 1111·a11i 11 g· of t l11• (1 ·r111 s 111 uliu11 and 111./u.- il,1;. ls th e
1111 e al>,.:nl1llt! 11 r n·l:itil'1· '( \,.; !l iu utlwr «:t!c·n late d frnm
S ll!JH: J>!li1il :il1.~1il1itdy :it n· st 411' 1111("'
H1·latiH•ly to
tlie axl1., l1"tli ]'11i111" are i1111\'111 g ll'itl1 tlte :;a111e
v1·l1wit 1« Hdati1·ely tu tl1t' l':1rtli. tl1" 11111 liu 11 of Ll 1e

E11011gh ]1;1.s h :1·11 said }Jl'rltaps ll) inqm ·s ...; tl1 e 11 1·eess ity of first 1.i· :ill d early d el i11i11g 11·r111s. Tl1is
n ecess ity is f11ll1· app;u·enL 111 111a1 1y 11f 1111· l: 1rg1· l'
qnesti!lllS of tl1 (' d ;1y.
111 a 1·111Tv1d 1111111Lt· r of tilt'
l~'d11n1liu11aL H1' 1•/1·11• :1p1 H«l1',.; all arti..!1 · Ii \' lha 11d 1·1·
J\1attl1t'11·,.:, c11t i lJ..d ('rw /•)11_r; fi ., ft l:lt1•r11!111-. · N1· '/ :ur.1;/11 :'
j\·l 11 d I () f t li (. ;Irt ic II ' j s t; I k I' II 11[) \\'it I1 a 11 \' \ I" I!' it i(111 I ' f
t. li e tt•1·111 l nu.f1i11.'/, and 11 · t~ q11ut1 ! fr11111 t !tat j1t>l'(i,,11 :1-.:
folln11·;-;:
()n e ll1i11 g- in ure :i11 A1w •ri t· a11 di :--:c·o\'t•r:--: i11 re;ulin.L!" ,\ Ir. ('ul i i 11 <s

'}Jagf·~.

a 11tl

the di ....;('u\' 1· ry

11111 :--;

J,_,. r1·adi 11 :.:, 1lw

i :--; t'rJ1dir1111 '< l

11 1ad 1•

n·v i1·1rn ll'liicl1 tlw J,, ,,,i, 1,,.,, l1a.J i11 tlu· Britisl1 j .. 11r11a l'
l.l1i r;
11111 ;..,:·
a

i...; tl1at

1111·

t·11 sl1" 11

uf

11111 14 11 ·,...;

i11 (;r1•af Hril :1i11, :111d l1a s h1·1·11 l':tl'ri1·d

1·11111'11 s i \1J 1 !1:1 :-< :1ri ." 1'11

!11 °!\\'1•1•11

\\'onls, Hri ti:·d 1 wrif•·rs
J\lr.

1· xa 111i11i11g f1)r

,\11dr~· \\ '

l llu ..;fn.1!11/
I H:'b·\ 't't 'll

J .. t1l ,L:'.

1.1 .111/011

1111

\\1 111

w ...:.

.\ ',

1'1 •\' it•\\'1•d
11 11

1·x; 1111i11i11 ,~· .

h'ill'l1i11 ,:.,:· a111I

.....

11 1· ! 1 i ''.\ fr, . 1111 ...... rli ;d

111 • dlH· r

11wai 1...; ,

lil.;:1• .\Ir. l'1dlii 1...;, :it1d Iii\ ,.

1·d11t ·aliu 11,

i-:1·1· 111

Iii

U11· 1·1111 ;11111 11 11 ·

a 11 ,J

l 1a ....; 1dlfairwd ,. , 11

i\lr.

(',;Jli11....; ' ,...;

lo11 ~·1·r aid,·
\\ ' lll' ll

1,, 111 1.;:
f 1J

j 11

fih·

di .. ; 1j 11 .~ ui s l i

~Ir. ( 'ol lir 1s ;i s k s tlw

q1u•,tio11 ll'iiicl1 ' t:u1d s ;1t. tl1" ii l':i d <• f tl1i s l'" l" ·r a11d ;411 ."'°"i" " it
i11 tl1 t• all irn1ati n-. ;411d 11!1!'1 1 ~Ir. Lang a1is11n ..; it i11 t.1 11 • 11 q.:at i1., ..
lit>lli of tlw11 1 i1il1·r1•rt'I. 11 11· •j! l•'.« fi.,11 In 11 11·;111 .. Ca1 1 J·: 11 gJi, J1 lil t· l' ;lll11'1 ' 11 1· 1·xa111i1w1I 1111
1

tl1t·

l'l 1is

i 11 :-; i;;;t 1• ll(' t' fill

i1 1str1 11n1·11 ts

'! "

t''.'.;11r1i11;di1111s. tlii .'i s 11}1;-. lil11ti1111

<1 f t~·:wl1i11 .~· f11 r l/11·

l1·a 1·1 1i 11 !..!·

it s,·l f.

(/r

41111'

1d .

tl 1i :--; 1.., _

,,f tilt.' 111 1•: 111..., al1u\ 't· flw t'IHI, li:1.'i ;q1 1:;1r1·1lll\· llw ,...;; 11 i1t •
r1 ·.;1 ilt. i11 tl1" 1111i 1·1·r.;iti1•s 11f l-:11 gL111d ll1a l. if !1;1.' i11. tJ 1, . io11'.Ji 1:

tt!Ldio11

fw litf• il:-: 11!'
xy:--.lt·1 11

.Nt•\\'

Y cirl\ ( ' it y.

A :..;l ril'l. ;1p1ili1 ·:tli11 11 of tlw 11iarki1i g-

i :~ litllt· lik t· ly fq t'llt.:t11ll'a ,'. . :·1 · c1il l11n · 1·i1lwr j 11 ;1

111 ~j\ · 1 ·r ~ i1

,·

l NDUCT l\' E lU-:ASUNINU.

1-U
J1tddil'
lon•adtl1. .. .

nr 111 a

;-;\·li<ud .

Xa1T ow111 1 ;-; ;-; l ;-; t1111r1· t·a ;-; i\ .\'

J•rt>dll t t'll t.lia11

EXEH C IS E

\.LVll f.

l]; 1,·i11 g· i11 Iii ;-; 111 i111l tl1t· f'o11f1 1:-- i1H l l11·t\\·1•1·n ti~ ac hi11 ~ ;nl d exa 1ni11i 11g- wlti\·li !1 :1:-; lwfngg\·.! tliP wl 1t1lv di :-'\' ll ;-; .. .: i1 Hl o ( tli1 • q1 1t.• stiu n i11

l:\l>l 'C' Tl\"E HEA SON IX <:.

L11•.-1:11,.l, ,\I r. 1·:. ,\. Fr•'<'l01:1 11 . 111» ],j ,-f.,ria11, il•«·l:ir1·d agai11 sL :Lny
1111i~·, ·r,-it.1· f,.:lt'l1i11 ;..:· 11!' E11gli sl1 lit1· ral 11r<'. .\Ir. C1olli11s qn ot..•s

811 /').''cfs :

~lr. Fn·1 · 111;i11 a s'' riti11 .~ . '· ilwn· an•

1na11 y

tit f11r a.

thi11 ,":..,:·:-1

111:111' s

111·r ...;1111al :' fwl y ,, li ivl 1;1rl' 11 ot fil fur 1111 i , ·1· r ;-; it y 1· \'.;1 11 1i11at i1H1 :-i. 0111 ~
(If 1111 '' " j..; lii«rnl11n '." Tl1al li1 eral1m· "1'ltili1:11«s 1l1v ta ...;fl',
t•dw ·;llj· ;-; llw :- -. yr1q •:tll1i1
1·1il:1r,l!,'t '"'\ tlu• 111ir1d ," :\Ir. Fn· ,•r11all 111a ke;:;
11 11 at t 1·11 q.t 11 1 d 1·11y; "1 11 ily ''" 1· ;111111.J 1• \a 111i 111• i1i L1:·d1·:-i :111d
;-\.)'l l lJi;1lJ1 i1· ;-; ," i;-; }ij ,..; n·11J y.
~· t ) \\ . if thi=-- ltl 'Cl\' 1•:-; :t11 .\· fl1 i11 .~ . ] j J 11'0\'t"'S
tnu 111 1u·l1. It i:-: :11 1 : 1 r .~· 111111 ·1 il . 11 t d :t !::a i11 "' t t1·:1t·li i11 g· E11 .:.:.l i .. ; !t lit Pr1

:·• .

),; t.h<' L orn ol' .\1<>111',I" tl11• Hnot of ,\II El' il'! - 1 'Fi111. 1·i:
S1ill \\' at1· rs H1111 1>1·1·t"
I ! .. at. I·:x p:111.J., and ('cold C1J11LracL:i.
1·11d1 11· (;l"ril icali1> 11 ,,j' Sc·l f-111ail" l\!1• 11.
Tl 11: \'irlu•:s u[ Cold \\'aLt> r as a U11i vt•rsal Bel'l' l'a g'•"
\\'l1al1·n·r Ts, ls Hi g ht ..

I ii.

:t111n· •n 1\\·. l q lf :l ·~: 1 i11.... 1 t 1·: wl1i1 1g l.;it i 11 lit.·r:ti11 r·· :l11d ( ;r~·1·k litPr-

l ·~ul

:ilHr• '-

.\Ir. . F r1 •1·1 11a1 1 :11 1d

11H 1.-.: 1·

\\·ho \11 tl1 I \\it\1 l1i111

11 u L

l1a\' 1•

1l1 at 1!11 · 1111i \' •·1·:.- iti1· -.; Hf ()~ford a11d l'a111hridge

:--- tig·:....:.1· :' t1 ·d

\'i•t

~ hu11 \ d . ~ i \ 1 ' 1 q ~

l 1 · ; wJ 1 i11 ~

t l1 1·

11 f (;n ·i·k lil 1· r ;d11n'.

'J'l ll'r•· i,; i1id1'1'd a di lfr n·nc·" l1<•t\\·1·1·n ti ll' t• •acl1i11;; of E11 g-lisl1
lit1•r:tl 11n· :111d 1l1t· t .. :wl1i11 .~ of (; r•·• ·k liln:t! 1m" 'J'l11· t1·x l,; ,,r t.l1e
gT••:d Cr•·•·k :1 111 lo•or,; . \j ]; ,. 111·· t1· xt..; ,,f 1111' .~T•':tl E11 g li , \1 a1tll11.r,;,
lll il\'

:-:1· n ·1·

f1ir·

.:.. :.Ta11 11 11al

i1·:d

i11 :.-l r11 t" l i " 11

;111d

f1 11·

11 wn·

li11 g11\ :-; ti c

clriil; u1· t l11·y 111:1 ." . t \1,. :1 111·i,.1it :1 > " ··· II a> 111·· 111<•.!•·1'11. \,..
lt> 1·11\li\al •·

l lw

la ~ t i ·. 1•1{ 111·;tl1·

"'"'d

11 11· s.\11 11 •: tll1 y, :u 1d t· 1d;1rµy tl1e

111i11d .
~111·J1 l'\j111,; iti<'1I .Jiflt' J'S

and

,;i 111 1'!1 "

< h1

1 ·1111,;icl1· r i11 .~:· tl1 :1I

JitlJ«

r1·, 1111

I " "" i 1i 1111 1111 re
111 "1·,· f, •l'l· i I ii (.,

it is i11k11d1·cl t" ,·!1·: 11· :11r:1 1· 1·1T1>r " " 1r1·ll :1,; «nli .~· l1lt·n
11" [.

a simpl e appeal to facts is suffic ient

If 1wopl c cx ;unin ccl facts in tl1 e first pLwe ,

tu e xpose .

or :tt any rak <'X :1111in L·i1 large numh~ r:; of facts, bd11re
tlir·y

11po11 liroa1l g e n eral ,;latc1 11 e 11ts,

l'e.11l1 11 \·(l

\\ 'll1il d lw s:in·<l fro rn many o f th e s e e 1To1-;;.

1111!1· 11itJ1 (!'tlll1 :I S l'Oll-

th Py

The difli-

C" 1ilty 111 tlit: rn:1jori!y "f c;as e s is tl1at tli c prn rc•ss of
i11d11 dil'l · n •:1,;1111i11g l1 a ,; lwe 11

t.1111

lia,;ty or .. J,;i· tlll·n·

l1:Ls IH"v11 1111 s111'11 n·:t.,;n11i11g a t a.II.
I •\

h· . it 111:11· J,1. 111 :1d"
i t 1,; till' li:111d111 :1id iii' :1r~· 111111·1tl, tl1aL

ig- 11t1 1·:1 l1t 't' , tl i: 1I it cl 1·: 1l.-.:

Allu,;i n n !1:1 ,.; l1l' l'll rnacl e lo t.li c f:u·t tl1:1 L many e nor;i
ar~~ pre yal e n t 11·hid1

l' t' rl1 aps tlw ap-

]'t!a r:111 c"1 ' of :1 co 11ll' L in ! li e li l'al'l:lls is a<·1·011q1a11i t· d o r
f"llmn.:d
1111 t•art.11.

l1_y so111 e g'l'l·: tl . 11ati o 11al or ot.l11·r <·:t.la:-;tropli e

Tlt c

1111111 .~· lit lt ·s:-; 111a11 d()(:S 1111 1, sl11p t o 1'.0ll-

sitll' r that tl1is may lie a me re t h:Llll'l' c:o i1ll'id t•11 c c, ln1L
a,;s 11111t•s I l1:1 t. tl1l're n111,;t h e ,;r.rn e 1·ita l t·111111 LTti o 11 l1c -

('J'l'!t ·d in i,;11l:tt1·cl i':ll'l,;. 11111 :il,;11 11·itl1 l:1rgc· 1· tnt!l1 s a s

t.w 1·1·11 tlw t,11·11 l'Ve11l,;, ;1.1ul irnrn l« ii:tll-ly 11po11 tl11~ ap-

l':Xj11 ·1· ,;,; i\'t: iii' 1·1111qol1 •\ n·l:tlil)Ji,; lwt11·,·1• 11 tl11· s1• f:tl'! s .

]>l«Lr;1111·e "f a1111tl1 l'!' 1:n11H·L e 01ilide11tly pn ·dil'ls a ,;11111-

It 111:1.1· ill' 111·11 t11 1,, ..~· i11 tl1i ,; 1·\1·r1·i,;1· 11·itl1 tl1< ~ :trg-unH·11t .. r ,;u111t · ,;1 11 ·!1 ,; i111i'l1· 'l11«sti1111s :~-.: t li11s<: :dl11tl 1«l
to ah 11·1:. '1'!11 · ,;1tl1jl'<'L 1dl t"l't'l i :t! th e I 1l':t< l of t I 1e
l' \Cl'l'i ,;1· 11·il l l' tt tail :t StllllL'll' ii :tt ilU::i ll'll::H; di:;c. n s,; i1111
tl ic t<•nn ·"t>lfisl111 r.o.•.

(If

lar tli ,;:1 s t1 ·r.

Tli e tli" 11 g lilf11l man 011 tl 1e c11 11 t.ra ry is

no t so r1 •:1d y to a.,;s11m e tl1is c0 1111 ect.iou, ln1 L waits t11
see if tl1 e co in c idence will he nlise rv ed a ,;t•t·n11<.l and a

third allcl a tenth time before h e will exp r ess even a

1II

,\I :<: l I \11 ·::-> T .\ 'i' f ( 1 ~.

prnvi::;i11na l op i11i on. I fl' is tl i! ~ i11d1lt' t.i vc reaso ner.
I It! n· ei'1 g·11i zt•s th:it n111· i11 sL 11\!'(' i,.; 110 L sn ft-icic nt to
Jil'D\'l! tl1!' cx i,.;(1·1 1L'l' of a L111· : tl1a t. h\\'s a n; arrived at
ollly l1y l1ll1 ,t;· 11h·wn-.1t in11 :i 11d 1·ar\' f1il ('\llll[lill'ison.
l'l'rl1aps 1111 Jl(I s11l1jt•t·t an· lllt'll s11 ['l'<lllt! lo g·e11 era.lize
nn tl 1t• s(n' 11gth of a f(•11· i11st:lIH'l'S as 1111 tl1 e snhject
of \\'P:l111l'r. :rn d "" ll'l! liai·t! 11n 1nli(• rl t•,.;s "wen,Lhei·
signs." I [ tl11; ,.;u11 sl1i11l's 011 :t cel'ia in da y b1nwn :t"
" g'l'!l\ll11l -l1"g- d:1y,'' sprin~· 11·ill noL open for ,; ix weeks.
If it r:1i11s 011 East er Su1HLl.)' it will rai11 c\'L' I)' S umlay
tlitjl'C::tfter fnr sevt: 11 \\'l·t•l;s. ",\ g'l'l'l'It C l1ris t.n 1a.:;, a
wl1it.1· Ea.~lt·r," dt:., ('It-. B11(. llH· 1n:1j .. rit ,r of such
stat!~ m c nt s 1'x11n ·ss pr(ll1al1iliti1·,.; 1111l y, 11111, law,;.
Many
of tltcm arc <·1·e 11 cou11l<:r to 1•rol.;il1ility. S.. 111 0 n11e
11:1.,.; 11l1sc r\'L'd t hem ln lw tnH : 111H'1' 11r l 11·il'.<' a111l Lakcn
tl 1e rc,.;L f11r dt•11w11str:1\!'d. '!'11 jll'(11·1: tlH· ir 11nn:li:d1ility a>' gc 11 eral :-;tate rn e11ts 1\'e l1:t\'\~ rn il .1 · to !'Xte11d the
se ri l'>' nf nl1s1·n-.t1irn1s . ,\ d nzt·n <·11n 1.. 1nl a11L ol1sc rv:itions
do 11 11(, de li11iti1«·ly 11ro1·1·: 11 1" ' cli"'"'1!'1l:111t 11111· di s prnv cs.
lk:1l'i11g- i11 rni11d tl1 i,.; l:t,.;t. trntli. it i,.; 11 ,.;11:1ll y noL
\l(' I',)' 1lilli .. 1ilt. to ( ':\]1 11S(' :tit ('!TOI' 11·lti .. li li:t.s gTt1\\'ll 011t
of illl[>L' rfct·L i111l1 1d i"11.
It. l'eq111n·,.; 01ily tl1 u same
:tjtpcal to Lich 11p1lll \1l 1i ,.J1 11·e rl'l i1: d i11 l11c: l;i ,.;t cxel'cise ln1 t o ne. \Vi tl 1 ll1i ,.; 11ifll' n ' Ill' (', l11!11T 1·1·r: the kirn1
o f e rrnr :1l111d\·d tn i11 tl1:1L <·x1·l't·i ,.;1! \l'ils du e to :l
t!t nugl 1tle,.;,.; u1· 11·il11'1il cli:-;!'1 'g·:1 !'d of Lll'h; t lt (! ki111l of
1·1-ror all11dl'11 t" lH·n· li:1,.; a 1·1'l' t:1i11 ,.;!11111· 1i1· trntli he(':tmm iL ,.;t·Prn,.; 11 1 II(' :-; 111 •1)11rt .. d l1y Lll'h. t lH· 0111 .1' di·nic 11lt y IH ·in g tlt; 1t. it is "'' IJ'l'"rtt·d l1y t1111 1'1·11' 111' Llt urn .
Th e n·f11t:iti1111 p f tl1i ,.; l:t,;t 111 :1.r n"111i1'<· :1 11 :tl·11lt·11ess of
pc·n· e ptio11 (II' a patie11 c1• i11 i11ve;;tig;Lt.ion 11 11t. po:-;sesseJ
by mauy, or it may <lej H'lltl 011 s1J11H: f"rt1rnate discovery

of one invalida.li11g iu sL<lll\!e arno11g a ltost of con ohorntive ones.
Expose if ynu can auy fallacy ex pressed or i1t1pli ed
in the subjects for cli scnss ion offe red at t he head of
this exercise.

E XERCISE. XLIX.
I:\TD UCT !VE ltEASON INc;

(CuNT l NIJ EI>).

S ulu'ecls:
All Drealll Images D e ri1·ed Sole ly fruut \\' a ki11 !-( Se11,;atio11,;.
Some R e latio n s lwtwe<' 11 Ani111als a ml Plants i11

1111'

Strug!-( l1· f, ,r

l~xlstPll CP .

The kind of arg-1111w11t crn1templ:1ted i11 t IH: la;;t exe rci:;e W<ts destrudi \'t•, 11 uL cum;trudi 1·e. 'J'l1at is, it \\'its
devoted to the l>1·e rthrow nf erm r:; t h:tt may have arise1 1
from imperfl•t·L indu etion ·-- a 111att1T, 11't: fn1111d , oftt·11
not cliilicult. The opposite 1•r11L-ess, lik1! ll! Ost 001 1stru ctive pI'o C:cs st~s, is not so :-;i111pl1:. ll11L l1· L u s, if
possible, get ;1 clear id ea of ll'liat iml uctio 11 is, be fore
we attempt to establi:-:;h any truth by it.
We expose a p iece of oak wood to a Ha 111e ; it catciies
fire. \ Ve try a p iece of l1ic kory, wi t.Ii a simihr result.
We t ry asl1, m aple, pill c, 111ahogany; in e\'\'r} case tl1 e
same phe n01n l•11on rns11lt.:-; - - ig ni tio1 1. \V e t·o1wl11d( : t lta t
wood j,.; ign itil1lP. Wt: ,.;uhjt·ct gold, silv1·r, iJ'()11, lead,
bismuth, platin11n1, to lwat; all melt at sOllH' te u1 rw rature or r1t.her. \V e say, m etals are fu:-;i lil e. This is i 11ductive r e: L;;ou in g. L"g ieal inductiu11 Llie11 is tlte µro ees;;
of discov erin g gt~ JH~ ral laws - !all's whieh will be fouw.l

I N P UCT I

1 I tj
tnw tlirn 11 g· llf 111t (' lltin' ela ss\'S n f partiL·ti1 :1rs.

Th ese

laws are rl':1 c li t: (l n11ly lir l':tn· !'1ill.1· \''Ct111i11i11 g :1111 l co m-

\ " I~

l:L\S()N

l.l\~

im :lu d i11g im!'l'l'fl'l'l i11d11 1·t.i0n, is l1ntlt

1..J 7

:.

;t

IPL;itim• it" :ind ,,

v:d11 :d1k m c :rns [11r llll' 1·\t.l·11si1111 vf k 1 11 J 11 · kd~\ ·. I t i.s 11 1• 111·

p :tring l:ngc 11111n l1t'l's o f p :1.r( i1·1ilar i11s Lw cc,; .

tJ1:t11 tli;1.t.

I l o w c:lll \\'e 11L' snre that lH'(':lllSl' t 11·c 11t 1· tll(·t:ils an:
!'11si lil\ ·. a t \\"l' ld \' -li rsl ll'il l lH· .,
I !t1 11· (-; 111 .,11'< : lie sun:

prnccss of rc:1,;ll 11i11 ,:; tl1a t f 11rnis l1es 11.s ll'itl1 k1101d\ : d~"

ti 1:1t tlil' h11·s arri1·l'il :1 l lir t lt i,; i11.!1lt't i 1'< · 111·111·1·ss ll'ill
\\ '1 : 1·a 11 ll(J l bu
J1,, J.J I 1·t11• i1 1 l':lSt'S 11<1[. _\'I'{. t•\;llllilll'd 'I
s 111 ·1· .

.-\ 11d li1·n·i11 l i1·s tlll' .Jill1· 1·1· 11 1·1 · l wt11't· 1·11 l•l' l'ft.1·t

a111i i11 1Jll'l'kl'l i11d11..ti n11.

\\' ill' l'l' a ll 11 11 · s i111iL1r 1·;1ses

,\n·1H·d i11 g (.,, S•llll C pliilllSl>Jlill'l'S it is ti ll' 111d1·

at a ll, :111d all ou r k 11 0 11· kd gc~ is 11lli111:1tc-i y dtt l! h1 1!.
\\rlll:ll l11 e ill\'l',.:t i .~-;t(io11 lliat prc n :d 1·s i111111 di1'<' i11 !'1·rl: lll 'l', \1·lll'tlll'l' i11 llll' 11·11rltl id' 111:it lcr 11r i11 tlw 11·11 1ltl ,,1·
tl u 111.~lit ,

is gil'l·ll i11 1lt- L1i l t"gvtl1l'I' 11·itl1 tl 1c n·.s1i\L.: :11 1d

tl11· i11!'1·1Ted g c 11 l·ra l iwti" 11 s, we ha ve w11· ki1 11l " f :1rg 11~llf · l1

tl1:1l 1·a 11 p 11ss ild1· 1· \ is t. l1a 1·1· 111·1·11 t' \:1 111i1ll'd . llwn 1111ly

111 L·11t:it io 11.

i,; lli1· i11d1 1.. ti11 11 1wrl'1Tl ;1111! t ill' ll'llll1 :11 Ti1·1·d :it e l1·n1all y

arr; 1y "f 11art il' 11Li1· i':1..t .s :1 g\·11 c ral la11· 11r tn1l l1 , :111 .J

,;1' <-u re .

1Jl'l'Sl' 11 L th l· 11·h1il(' i11 :1s l'f)l\\·i11(' i11g :i f11n11 :ts 111ay lw .

I t 111: 1.1· 111 · 1111a,.;s :1il:il1h ll'l tl' tl i;1 l l' \'1·rr slak i;1

I lie l "nit r tl

~ t : 1ks

1·alt·s a di1'(JJ'f'C: lair 11f s111111· ]; i11tl.

~.1 s 1Hlll :ts\\"!: r esurL

l n impc r f1·1 ·L i11il1lt'lio11 11·1· J't ·11 d l' r 011r,;1·i1·,.,s l iahle t 11
e nn r.

?\11[ 1111h· i .~·1111r: 11it 11·\·:tf i1l' r l''"' l'l1 \·ts l11it g rea t

s c i1·11tists :111d pl1ii11s111•lll'rs ol't1· 11 g 11 a ,; tra1· ill' l'I '.

s:d l'llik,.; i11 1J1 11· syst1: rn n·1·ni 1·1·d :il11111t tiwir 1.!a11 1•ls i11 Lhe
s:1111 1' din·cti1111.

l\11 t s;it .. Jlilt's 111' 1·ra11t1s a1 1d :\'1 •pt1111 u

11·1· 1·c dis t· 111·1·1·1·d 11·liil'l1 1-.·1·nh·1·d i11till'1111JH"'it" dir1't ·t i(J 11 .
.\ 11tl .1·1·1 11·1· 111 :1k 1· 11 s1· ,i1· i111 1ll' rf,.,.t i11d1lt'ti1111.

Tl1 e

gTt'OI L lll:tj11 ri h · 1il' 11 11r so-1 ·:tl l1·tl g'< ·111· r:il tr11li1.s :ll't• f111111tll'tl
11po11 il.
() Ill' 1'1': 11'11.

iL1r1 ·i.1· :1r1• a ll li11 • 11a1·ti1·11l:tr i1 1,.; t:1111Ts ll'itl 1i11
T l1 1·1· Iii · \)('1"1111tl 11 s . i11 tl1 1· 1'11t11r1·, 1111 !. i11

\'<'ldt1n· t11 111ak1· -~· 1·1 1 1'1';i\ :i s.s 1· rti 11 11s i11 r1·ga rd l" tl11·111
1111 lilt' s ln·11 .~·t l 1 o \' tl11 · i11s(;1111·1· s 11·iti1i11 •l111· l't' :t1 ·! 1.

\\ ' 1,

d11 s 11 l"' ":111 s 1· 1r 1· k1 11 1\\· II'< ' 111 .1.11 Ill' ri .~· iit, :111d l11· ":111si·
11-.; 11·a 1it ~-.11 111· : 1:lt'li nr;1 .~·1 ·. 1·11 •11 tl1111 1g·i1 :1(1·111111t1·:i1·1· 1111e,

arnollg llt c sl1ilti11 g sa1 1 1l~ uf d11111.(.

oJ' lllfldl'l'll S('ll'llt'l'. ll\\'l'S its YaJu e (u till'

::icicJttiiic iH1l1;ctiu1t,

]111 1 .~·

;111 d J>;Jllt' ill

i11 vt"st. ig:itiu1t of fat:l s wl1i c h }'l'l'n·dl'd t: \ 1•1 y tl 1" 11ry ti11 ·
i11 vcstig:1t11r n·11t11n·ll (11 prn J'o1111d.

!\11(1· 11 J1;1t J);1 n1 in

:;:tys i11 tlll' i1itrod 111·t i1111 t11 i1i s Url:1l 11 •f ,\ j ,,·,·/,.,, :

J.' .. r :l

lrni g ti 111 l' :1s( r11 111 1llll' l'S f1 ·l l pr:1..ti 1·:1lh· 1·1·rt:1i11 tl1:1t.:ill tlt c

( 11

Tl11: gn·:t l l'st 11·"rk tli:tf ]1;1.s .1'<·l l11·1·11 d 1111 1• in t 111· li1·i.J

ha,.; a t!i 1·11 r1.'1. l:t11· : it is l 1y .110 1111·; 1.11s

,.;n 1·l·1·t:1i11 ll 1a l l:1·1·ry ('it i:'. 1·1 1 ,i1· t i1e [ · 11i t\·1 i ~tall',; aclvo-

i.s 11111· ol1jl'l:L li e 1·1·: tn .I ra 11· 1'111 111 ;11 1

li11ard II."·:-;, ..

\\' li e 11 n11
:-;l1'11('k

with

J; .. ; , _~· 1 · >, "

a.-< 11a111 r:1li-. t . I 11a<

11 11:· 1,

Cl' r ta i1 1 f;1 c! ...; i11 tlw ·l i:..: tril111ii 111 1 ~,f t l l' · 1 1 r :~ :1 1 : i ( · i11·i r":'"'

i11'1al1i ti11g- ~ 0 11tli ..\11wri1·a , a111l i11 tl11· .i..:·1·td11,:.:,·i(·;1! r··h!i,q 1:-- (•f
] irt •;-; 1·11t l1J

I Iii' 11:1:·•t

\\·ill !11 • :-i l't'll
;-; Pt llt'

i11

i 11 l 1:t I1i t; 111f .. .;

1if

I hat

1·1

tli1• Ltlll'l' f'l ~ ; 1pl l' r ;..; of !Iii ;..;

li ~Jit •i ll f l 1r> nri .~ i 1 1 (1f :-; 111 ·1·i1·;..;

-

HJ Ii tlt' l! I.

:1 1· ·

'l'l w -. 1· f ;w! ..; , : 1:-.

\ '1d11111•· , ;..; i •t• J1 1·· d

!11 ! lir! •\\

t•f 11 1y -. t1·ri1· .. .:. . :1:-;
Jil1il11 .. ;c 11 dwr .. .:. .
( )11 Il l \'

ll1:tl 111 y :-d1 ·ry

jt, l1 ; 1S \1 ('1 ·11 C: dl t•d Ji _y PH I' 11f U\1 1' gT1 •;1b •...., f
n·l.11r11 11 u 111 e, it <1r· c·urn·d In 11w , in l K:)/ , lltat :-:111 111 ·ll1ir 1 .~ 1tli '. !·l;!
p1·rl1:q1s I ll' 111adt• Piii. 111 1 tl1i :. ; q11h·d iu11 l1y 11afi1·11tl,v :1 1 ' ('ltl11t ll :tt i11 .~
a:1d n·t11 ·l'I i11 .~ •Jll :ill :-; 11rl :-: of fact:-: whi (·l1 1·1 111ld I H1;..;:-: il i] ,· l1 ;i n · art\'
J,,.a1· i11 .~ 1111 it. ,\ i'tf'I' fi1-.· y•·:ir, · \\'ork 1. all """',j 111 y, 1·ll ;., ·' l "'"1il at.1 •

0 11 ll tt· ~ 11lij j ·1·t1 ;11111 d r1·w up
i11

J ,...;

11 i1tl o

a

sl.;1·t ch of tl1 u

:-' f Jlilt'

~hurt

c·o1H :l11 ;..; i1111 :-: ,

111d 1•:-1 ; t lw:-;1 ' I 1 • 11 L 1 r ~ 1· d
wl1i1· l1 I l w 11 :..;1 ·1· 11wd

fo . 1111 ·

prul1al1\e : fru1 11 tliat. pnir1d t" tlw J•rt ·s .. 11 1. da1· I h:t1·1._ sk ;i.Ji l1·
pur" 1c1l llil' sa11 11 · uLi,.cf. I 1111[ "'- tliaf. I 111a 1· l1e ·1· x1·1 1.,,..{ fn r •· 111";._
iu ~· ,111 till' ' " p1·r" 111 :tl .J,.f;1il , , as I l1a 1-.· h i~· 1·11 tli~ 111 tu ,;} " '" ll,;11
l 11 1\· · Lid ! 11·. ·1 1 li ;t..:. l y itt cu1 11i11 g to a d 1·i,'i ;-; i1111.

] -I '. I
A s an e xampl e of lhc inn::-; ti galo1\; meth od::;, bearing
<111 une of the sulJjed::; g iv e n ahvve, r e ad the following
frnrn tl1e sam e huok:

r :Li ll

!t•lllpl t'< ! to g i1·c one 111o re i11 stau ce ~ h ow i11 g how pla11ts
a11d a11 i 11 1ab, n•11wtc i11 th e scale t•C 11al11 r<', an' hv11nd tvgether by
a w1·h of cornpJ..x rdalio ns. I s li:dl lit•reafte r k11·., occa:;ion to
shu\\· ll1at, the l'Xolic Lol11•l i;L f11l;;-1·11s is 11e1·e r l' is ill' d i11 11 1y ganlen

by i 11."t'\·t:..: , a11d

il s 11t•1.:11l iar :-- tru ct.un:1 , never

('Oll:-:t.·qu( ·11tl.v, fnt111

s ... b a '"'l'd . :\1 ·a rly all our v rl'l1idac1·1J1is J>la 1il s a l '"'"i!"l y requi re
ti ll.' 1·i:; it s of i1 ,,«·1·ls t" r»11101·e tl u·ir JJ.1 lll'11- ni; is,.«-.s a11d tl111s to Jcrt il iz.. tlw11 1. I li11d fro111 ex1 •·ri1 111·11t. tl1a l li1111iJ, ]1·-l""'" are allll ost
i11di s 1h·J1 :.;;tlil l· to tl111 f1•rtilizatin 1111 f llH· l 11·;1rl~1_·a :-i !' ( \"i ola tri colo r),
fur otli1• r ]l('r·s do not l'i sil- this f1 11111·r. I lia \'l' abu fo und that tl1e
l'isits of i>\'l'S an! llf'Cl'"ar_y fur tJw fl'rliiiza(i1111 o f '< Hile kinds of
clun· r: fu r imda!l l't', 2V lt• •ads of l l11t cl1 l' iu \'\'r ( Trif11 liu111 rep<"llS)
y i1..Jded :..':..'!Jll seeds, lint :..'O ut lwr lll'ads 1•rut 1·1: t .. d fro1n beP8
J>rod11 ce•l ll!>L 011<' . .-\ g-~1in, I ti() !lt'acl.s c•f red cl<i1·.. r ( T. prate n ~c)
J>rocl 11c1•d :! 'i\11 1 ,;1•1•1 1.s. hut. tl1•• '<11111· 111 111il1er of 1•rut..(' kd hl'a1b proclu(·1•d 11ul a ,;in g-11· s1•,.1l. ll 1111i!.J,.J,..1·s aln111• 1·i, it n·d clove r, as
0Lh1 ·r l>1 ·1·s c: 1.1 111tot r1 ·:11·li tl11· 111 '!·t:11-. IL ha s J,.•1· 11 "' -~.t.:·• ·stc> tl t hat
11111th s 111ay r.. rtili z1· t i"' clu1·1· 1-.,; i>nt. I clo11l• t 11l1 .. t l1"r tl 11>y co uld
du ~" i11 I ill' east' .,f the r('d 1'1<>1'1·1-, l'ro 111 l lwir 11·1·i g·ht. nc1t l1ei11g

det.en11i111 ', tl1r1111g·li tli " i11t nl""ntilll 1 first ,,f 1111<·1· anol th1 ·11 uf J,, ... _,,
t.he fn •q11 e 11 1.'y <Jl 1.:t•rt.ain fl,,,,.,.,._, in that. di st ri ct!

A f l.' \\. l in e,;, f1 1l'tli n 1111, \\'ill g i H~ <L
to be d1 111L: in :L <lin :dio11 i11 \Ylii( ·li tlt c

l1i11 l. 111' 11·111l. :-;till
:-;l.111l( ·11t

lll <l Y

g .. t.

interL':-it i11 g- re::;u1t.-: \\·e ll \\·urtlt n :co nling:

Thi' diff1 ·1·•·11ci: i11 fli t' ]1 •11 ,c; ll1 <>f 1111' 1'1•1'1.!l;c i11 tho · 1111> kind.s .,f
clo\·e r, \\'l 1i1·l1 dt•t1 ·r111iu1•s tlw \'i;.;it .. .; (If tl1t· l 1i n ·-lq •1•, 11111 :-:t lw \· ·ry

...

1

~

t r i lli11 .~·

; \', i1· I

111 o\\·11 ,

tlw

t lt at. tlw :-il'

tli i;-;

111 t·11L 1'.at1

w l1 ic li

l 11 ·1· 11
tl w

!l11\\1 •r:-111f
:11"1'

,...;f; \11•1 111·1!1

gt•11crally

!1: 1 , ., .

r\·• I t l1at, ,,·l11 ·11 r1·d

;1..... .... ,1

:-.1T1H11I ci-1111 ar\· ,...;1 • 111 1· \\li;1t

\' i :-: it~·d l1y 111a1 1y

i.. .;

!11· j ri 1:-- l1·d ,

fn·1·ly {'l'P:-::-11·:-;

a

l1i\"\·-lwi ·." ·

I dP

1i t1t.

11: 1111t ·ly.
111 1·n·

I li; tl

\ ·;ir i(·ty

1111 • Li.~11ria11

tii'

t lw

!1;l."'

! wi·11

i•i'i'.

1·1)111r1Hll1

\\ill 1 it , i.. .; aldi• fq n· a«l 1 a11·l

. :;

:·,··

,..;11i;1! l .·r. ;111 •!

\.;i 111w

\\'IJ!·ll i··r

111 1\di ... !11·1 1 ,...;f :i! 1··-

11111· \\ li1·fl11·r a1 111:lw r

:1i·1 ·11r:lli·;

('1H1:->id l ·n·d

c l 11\ 1·r

'"

l1i ~ ·l 1

l1i\1· 1""" 1

:-11u·k

·''

j.. ;

:l 11d

tl 11· 1wr·l: 1r

of the n·d c lu1·vr.

Ill tl 1c (l'L'a.t 1nL·11 l. ,,f tlt e Iii',;\. ::;1il1j<'d, _L; 1\·1 ·11 :1!111\'\·,
Jll <~l<e :L n·l·11 nl uf y11 111· dn:an1,; , (1'; 1< ·i1 1_g· l'\"l'J'.\tl1i 11g i11

Lltl:lll a:-i hr a,; p n,;,;il1lc
111' \1-;d\ i1 1g· lire .

(11

A1•111':1i

,;1 11n1· L'\:j•L'l'i1· 1ltT

"I'

i1111•l'l'-""i"11

:Ll .-:< 1 (11 tit.: l' \: l ll' l'il'IH 'L.' of } 11111'

f ri l' I 11 J..;.

s1ifl i1·i1•11t lo d1·11r1· s;..; tlw \\-ill.~- )'•'lals. ll 1· 11t 'i' Wt· 111a _y ill f1·r a:; big-lil y
11rul1al dt· tlia t if ll w wl11il1· g •·11 11 s 111' li 1111ilil1·- l w1· s l 11Ta1111~ 1•x Li11 ct
1

or \ 't' I')' ran· i11

J ·: 11 .~lar1d,

t Iii·

ii· · a rt:--1·a:-'~'

1'. <J11u · \'t• ry ran', u r wl1t1lly dis:q 1 J11·ar.

and n·d c l1 1\'1•r \\'011lcl l1c'J'llt' 111111il1i>r uf IJt11 11ble-bces

i11 :lll.)' di,l ri rt d"l ""''I.' i11 a )-:T•·:tl 111•·:1,; 111·1• u11 tlw 1111111lot•r of fi eld111iCt'. ll'h ich d L'.sl rny lho·ir co 1111•s a11 d 111 ·s ls; and Cul. Ncwnia.n,
who has lu ng- a tt e nd .. d tu till' l1al•it s of 1111 1111 .Je-lil't '-", l•1· lien>s t hat
" 111n re than tw u-tl 1irds ,,[ tl11·111 an· th us cl1·s lruyt•d all v1·1· r En gland." :\.,11· ll11! 111rnil•1·r uf 111il'e i.s larg•· ly tl " l"' "d1·11t., a~ every
one knn\\·:-',

ull

tht

1

11t1111ber

of cats;

a1 1d

t'ol.

N t •\\' J11a11

:-;ay~ , '"Ne ar

v illag .. s a. 11d s 111all to wn" l ha \'e l't.• lllltl the 11(• ,; 1.~ or lrn111lile-uee8
111 orn nu11 1l'ru11 s th a 11 clse1Y her1 ', \\'l1icli I atl riliu te lo t hl! 11U1ulJer
of catti that. destroy llH> mi ce. " I kn ee it b quite crt> dilil e t.hat the
pr1·,;e ncc of a fel in e animal in lar,t;e Humue rs i11 ;\ tli ~ tri c t mi gh t

Jl I·: I l I '(''I' I \" I·:

I: I·:.\ S< I \ I :\ <:.

sli;d'"'"'i "'" r" tl11· l'rod11t't. .. r lli .' .- \ g·"·
,\11 1-::irly l' l1a11 .t.:·1· i11 1111· (;,.1·1· r11111 <· 11t ,,f Hn s, ia. l 111·1"ii:il.J,.,
1: ,.:1s .. 11 s ll' l1 y 111 1111:111 Sla 1·L· ry s l111 nld llOl J,.. T ul n :it.,.. I.
'1' 111· S11,.,.,.,,, f11 l \la 11.
,J •.J 111 llru 11·11 , I 1.-ro>.
Tlll :1·e i:-;

a

procL·:-;s of r ea:-;11lli11 g

t li al. \1·ith ,,·hit·h \\' L.' l1a \'C lJee n

ju:-;t.

tla~ n·n ·l':-;1: of

d t: aling.

(;i\'l·Jl

tl11,

.
1

da,.;s of 1lhj1·1·1" nr i11 .sL1111'1''i, 1n: c a11
prnc eed tu ap1d y it to a11y partiu1L1r u:•j•·1·(. 1lr i11 s La11ce
ill tlll' 1·Ltss.
Ir al l 111 1·11 :1 n· 11: <1r i:1l. "I I•' 111:111 j,; 11111rl:1L
a11d it i :llll a mall i am lll«r t:il .
dttl'tnr ot l'!L-l'l1w1t \" a 11d if l 1giit 11111g· 1,; ,.J,Ti 1wl( y, tlH:11
c "iJl'er j,., <L cu11dtu.: L1ir ul l 1gi 1t11 i11 ,i_:·.
Tl1L·,;,; a1·1· 1•x:1111pl1·s
of d ei fu ,·tiu11.
Lt· t 11,.; j>1 1(, t11t·111 111 li1e L\Jl'lll of 11 li:1t is
k1lo\v11 i11 1l•g·ic as a syll".~·is 1n:
g-1 ·1 11•1·al

hw

k~d licc-11 i111111•J'ff;c(, :llld :1.s it 11:11•1)('11-; , i11 1·1>l'i'\'I'(;

fnr a

Llie i11k1L·11 c ,·, tl1rn1.~li dr;c11· 11 l1_y a ct1 r1·c1 · L 11r1 1 1·L·,.;;-;,
r1i :-;i 1 i1 1t ·11jTt 1 1•j .

~-111:1y tl11 :
1·h.'i.'i 111:

.\ l i
t1:tJ... .-;

J1 :11-.·

,-;iJ1lj ,J t: J..:11 ·1· .'i ;

1.l11·r1..!'t11'" ii11 · l"'i s t1IH•:d;

. .:\ 11 n11•u ;:n· t!: u rtal.

Cu11 cl11 :; io 11 :

.Ja11 w s i,: Jll Ol'tal.

J'l'a,;<>11i11 ;;· 1,; Lil1:t <"i " 11,.: 1111(

El1·c lril' ilY i., 1·t1 111li1 C' lil1!1' J,y c"i 'i''' I'.
Li~J i! 1 1 i 1 1 ·~ 1 ~ :·:1· 1· 1 1 i.·i! i.,

is Lil!:1 l· i<111,.;:

at

a11d

a

lll~lll.

1·i1t....,i11J1

Lil:--.~' ~ 11ot

;...

l t Jllll ,;t

ill:

0111·1·

<·1· id1·1it

:ill

(n

ili;1 I tl 11 ·.s1· ,·r>11-

a rc.

;1111-1

Ti 1l: d l'dt1cti1·1· ]H'rn·<• :-;,; i1 1 ih1·ll' i.s 1111 1 "I" ' "

a

dl1t'liu11 ;
1,ilit y

nf

if

'J ' IH1 ~e

pn'.lll i s1 ·s

lJy irnp1' rfvd

tl1 ei r hl'inr; nntrne:

a11tl

01 11 c 1·:-;

uf

if

c ould

i1i -

at.t e 11d .. d bv a1 1v s:itt ·il it1· s tl11·1·

j •(l..try

1..

i,;

l'l'l'IJll ,.;1;,.;

'l'li1·y

11 -,,,1

1'1111 .~·

\\ 1•

11 r

., f t iw

1rn ·11 il•1·r

L tl,-... 1·

\)r

!, !II _~·

11 1t'1•i't•J 11·1 · -... .

Ir 111111· :111.J

.!...~" jl Jq, J...

d ::-:-l· 1i\· l· ry

t 111'1 1 "'"'

I 1111"

j '1 ·1.

111 1.-.. 1·-.. .

;1 11d f • \.;t)Jl lllt ' 1 1:11·

i 11d11 t·L1~1 /J, tli;lt

~111

l'IT111·

! .""

. " I .I

ll!l]1· l 1

i d\\·ay:-; l) : ·i11 _~·.-.;

1 1.·~ :--1 •

ll1·re i.-; ()Ill' 1·\:111qil1• f1111 11
111:1i11i\- :ill :1!1':1 11·

1,;

:1

11 :1ti .. 11

11 1·11

!,..

J!lll'll'}·

1,; ll ill'X p rt;,_;,.;1•d;

st·li' :-; 11"1 il1·:i 11·11.

L

.\l:itti ll' 11

"!' .. 111·1·.::.1-. ;i;1.J

111; 1i1il1· :111 :tlL111· , ,i· .:..:·1·11i11-;: t iw n·i'·>1·1·.

" "1111'1 llill'.'i ( l it' llli.1· l"t'll>' I' 11-

\\'lw11 \H· s:1 .1, "'1'1 11 : l n·: 1ti.-;1 · 111 1!

110 ( 111, 1'"1'11!:11 · hT:t11-;t• it

i.-; " "

cv1 ·ryl1111ly 111 .-;111111ly

j•l'>'l 11 is1-, ":\l1., (r:1t·t

:11 ·1· 11"t l"'j >t1l:1r . ..

• --.·~:~· #::,'*

111 ; 1

(11<"

di:-... 1'i l \ -t'l' ;1

\\ 'i'

e111i11l'1 1L 111

I ' l':i11 1Ls ''"'
f1-.•111

1

\\'lllJC< C: Sjiil'i L j,.; 1·i1:1ra 1·t 1Ti1.1•1[ J11· 1·111·1·.i_:y 111:1\

tl1:1L tlu : ,.; atl'llii1 ·s <>f

11·1·1il1·1·d

\\

tl )l

i!'()

h

t i1t·1 11

pldt• :-;yii1 1,i_:·i,.; 111.

tl 1•·1· :1 1'» 11111 11' 1: 1·

l' l' n · 1n·il i11 fl'r 1li:1t . ir

1·1>1 1--

l!l;(·:ttl.st : lJ1t, :-<t' 1'11i1d 1•1-.·111is1·

1l1e 1111 i.--. 11 1-< •:1k is 11 .. 1 :1

1\nvJld: " ( ;1·ni11;;

.Jupiter. ~:1t11rn . :111.J 1!11• l-::1r1!1. :1-;ll"1111-

liad :Lt. o n e trnw ('(111 cludcd
il1erd<1l'e

li\c

T !l11,;. !11· 11l1,; 1· 1·1· i11i_:·

011r pLu1t · L1n· ,.; ys (1 •111 l'<'\'u] \'l ' fr<>m \\'1 ·,.;I tu <·a-;I.

>111"

, r 111· 1· :--. .....

Till: i_:T t':t t I,, .. :.1· < 11' :1 1·.i_:·u1111·1it :1111 ,. Ii kr:d 111·1· i." 1·, •1111dr·1 i
d ·· di:. li\1 · rt· ;t;--.; t11111i.~·.
·I: 11 ·i J,· 11 1 1\ \ · t· \- i· r 111 1'(111 1!"'"11 .i.,11 .J., Ill' l'lll i>I <>.\' :ll l_\ · ( l1 ill ,c'.· ,.;11 J',q ·111: 1I :IS i ll" t' "lll

i11dl11·I i<>11. t l11·r1· is ;1 )'"""1-

tl1 e c unclu s ion it,.; df 11w1· i1l' fa l:~ ,..
ti 1e sat el lit es

1· ~t: i!di .-..: J 11· d

:1rt'.

(

dt,d11 (·ti\1'

upo11

\\ ',. 11111 .s1 i1:11·1· 1•n · 111i , 1·,.; i11 1>J'•l1·1 · 111 tlr:1w

C 1_ t11t·t u ~ iq1i.

tli(·

t>:tk;

11111< ·] 1 IIi' : 11·1·1· l ) " ' 1 i' 111 i 1.

Bul t lw n~ 111:11· IH' ~01111' <11 1!·,;t i11 11 111 n·i_:·:inl Ill

lw.r;i11:-;.

ii'

i11·

g·d11a·d ; 1l n·

tl1 e

1lll1,.;1· li111its.

(r11.~ 1111.:.:·

llll L {11

ohjet 'lloll 11· i1 H·l1 tl1t: i11d11l'l11·1· 1•r11,·1·.s s is "!H'll
to, for i t d1l('S JJ1;t· .~·p li1·.y11nd i}H· li 111it s \\ i1l 1 \\ l1i1·\i Ii
t.1J

l)t'(·;11i....;t·

:111

1.-;

••:1k - l':111 11I I . II ;1: i .

1·l11,;inns <tl'P i11di ,.; 11ulaldy cut'l't't'l. - - tl 1aL '"· if 1!1<' 1·:·,·:n1,.;c s

tl1 1: J>11 1-;1 >IH1:1k

!t:1s -; i111j>l 1· i1·:11 1·.-;,

. l;_tt 111 ·"5

\\ t•

--~~~~·

ti!(' t< li11· 1· \\ l111

I\L1 jo r 11r1 ·111i:-:.1 ·
:\l ~11tJr pn·111i s 1•:

i...;

, ,f :1
Ii ;i;-;,-;i,i_:·11;-; :Ill i 11di 11./11: 1:

j•n·111i<1• 11 J.i,·l1 :1.,"·1· h :1 L.:1·111·1:il (r 11il1

t1 lll:

l':.J , l', IHIL

tlw

::11,l 1·<11· 1," 11·,- tr11 sl

1,,

( n•;;t1 s1 ·.s

,\ l : 1 ; l ' >u .; '.'\ T. \Tl\ l '.'\.

:I ;-,~

l >I·: IH ' t ' T l \ ' l ·:

Napolf'1i 11 ~ -·t 0 11t fo r _:\J o.,cD\\'.
.\n E11 gli :·d1 a r111 y \\·o.1s :-:l:11n l i 11 g0 11 Litt: d..f1 ·1:s il'l · itt l'nrl11 ~·: tl , 11 itl1 dilli c1tl ly l1 llld i 11.~· ii ;:; 11\1·11 ; tlw
na lio11 was l rt· 111ltli11 g f., r it,; 'sa fc·l.y. Tl1 e dr .. :idc ·cl l\"11al':trf t· ·s

T :1kt: ll1e f1 .!l 11 \\·i 11g a rg u1111; 11h , ,.; 11p[>l y t li e mi :;:-;in g
J H't't1 1i,.;\',.;, :111d t·tt1 1,.; tn1t·L n• 1111d ctl' .~y ll· '.~· i ,.; 111 :; :
B lc·>,;1·.! :croJ t lw 1111·n· if11l :
.1 /o11. 1· : 7.
P <Jn·rty i~

gn• :i f 1• 111 ·rn y

a,

f.,,. tl1e· y , J1all .,Jo1ai11
}1;q •11 i111 ·;-;s;

li 11111 ;11 1

d1· ,; lrny,; lil.,·r lY. --- \\ 'i ll i:c111 'l :itJ1,.11:<.
I L i;-.; l r111·. tH1 d 11 1il d . tl 1;tl ;i, 111 :111· :-> i 1111111·dial1·
s111 ipo:..;t •d

l1a,··· 11111:-1 1.

111

11111 111 ·111 ·1·

B.\ ' !°1J11'!" i1111111 ·1li;1fi· ;i11('1·:-t1J r ;-; \\ t• r1·

al.J 1· 1•1·11 1d• '.

l11 ~ rcy . -­

1)11
!: t r

Ii i.. ;

it CL' rla.in ly

:t 11 1·, ·~ t < 1r s 11111 st

1· l1ar;wt1·r,

!11 1ni1i1 1g :111
111: 11·

tlc ·1l11dit111,.; .
l1't.Jl1111· a11y

fn q11

lwi11:-;

•111i ·· I,

lie

r espec t -

""":I}

of il1i ,; ki11d rt·1111·111lwr t l1 at the
J,.. l\' ilt'l1t· d tJ I I'll 11 ' ..j I ;t 11111 .~· ,.;!' ri t•s n f
.~

.\ 1·11i 1l. i11 ,:.!·1·1w 1·:tl, tl11· f11rn 1:il ,.;y ll11g isn1.

" "d " r.

}'(Jr cx:1111j1l1·, Yo n m:1 y te ll what

Ly

.J 11l111 Br1111·11 did :111tl tl11·1 1 ,.;J 11111· t l1:it ,.;111· !1 ;1di1111 s,
\\ · l11111 1s 1l1 ·1·1· r J'l'l'f1•r 111 \' d. :1r1· 1·,.:,.;1· 111 iall y

l ll'rn ic ·;

ur

ym1

11·i11 li1·
111 :11·
llt' ......
.
. d t'li 11 i11,,,-. l1\' r11is 111 ;11 11 1 ti ll' lt s l1 uw i lmL
.1111111 J:rc111·11',; <1\'ti1111,.; 1•:1rl\tt•k .,r it .s 1·l1aradni sti l;~ .

he

Tlw :1rg· 111 11L· 11t. f., r tli!' tl1111·11fa l l .,f 111CJ11an ·l1 y

111:1._y

h1 ,;\· d tt 11 i Iii' .~T 11 11· i11,c; J., n· .,f f n ·l' cl 11 111 a11d t lie

greatm

1·c11 1r:1 h11·1,

i11

tl 1c ;1:-<:-<1·rti1 >11

11·!11.!1· f lt·1w c '.~,;
t r11(Ji ,.; :111d

r1 f

i11di 1· itl11:tl

is s i111 j>h- I Iii ,; :

tli1·11 111 :1 kt ·

;i

\\'! '

.~- .,

ri•rl1h.
h
hac ·k

t11

Tl1 c
lm1a.d

"l"'1· i;tl :11'1.J i1·a1 i.. 11 o f ll1 e rn.

J( l' :1d t l11 · f.,J\11\1-i11g i1 1q11in· i11111 tl11· 1"111 ,.; c· t>[ tl1 c
1'"J• t1L11 ·i t.1· .,f ( '/,//, / ,· J/aJ'IJ/, /. 11y \\ ' il li arn Mi11 l10,

''.'Jdopo·,I i1t

\\;t :-;

11111\'t· t111 • 11l

E11r

}{ 1· i111 11 11i 1·r1 :

ii J,,,, 11fl ,. 11 11 .. 1· 10 :i .,J; .. ,j 11 ii;tl " -" " 11,.. C':t11 ,;1• .,f tl1 P i11 sta 11l.:111eo11s
and \\'id.,-s 1o1·1·ad i'"i'11 lari 1y of ( ' l1il d1 · lla rttl d , 11 l1id1 J\y ru 11 lti111 ,;1·1f
~o w1· ll t'XJH't'.":'i· d i11 tlit> :'ayi 11 ;_:· ... I a \\ ·1d.,: 1• 111w 11i on1i1 1,t;· a11d [0 1111d
111 y;-.;1· l f fa11111 11 s . · ·
('liii ·f a111u11 .:...:· tl11 · 1"• '1'11 11d ;iry 1·a11 ...;1·s \\·;1:-; tl1 1 ~ wa.r111
sy 111J •: tll1 y lw L11·1't'l l lit" l'""I. :111.J Ii i,; rc·:cd i: r . <. tl11 · dir .. 1·t i1t!1·n:sL of
hi, t lw11w f1 •r lit" li 11 1t •. 111 1111· " l"·i11 g u f 1.-q:,! L11 ~ l a1 1d \\'a s .i 11
till' \ '" !')' ni ., i:i 1.of a sl rn ggl1· f11r c·:-. is lt• 111 ·;·. It. \Ya;i j11sl. ltdore

it

lllH T l' L till ;

:-i l11 •n· :; .

was f (•art.)•1 t l 1at.

l\ 11 11111r w:t:->

111 1=--.v

it

J11i .~ lit L1·

witl 1 ;ilar111 :'.

1\ li

tl1ro 1 1.~· J 1 l

i1 1at

a11tl

\\'. :Oli11l11.

('C illd tt C: il tl\

fl (•x t

a~· ai11:-:L <J tlr 0\\' 11

f11

1:»:1

I :E.\:-'tl :O.: l'.\1: .

.

li e 1'l! lll ll ry 111e 11 \\'t·ri · ar 1 11i11~· a1 1d drilli11g· fllr ,.;1·lf-d..f1·111·1.,
Tlw l11·;irl of l ·:11~· l:c 11.! \\'a s lwa t i11 g· l1i g·l1 \\ill1 J•:t l ri.,t i" r1·,;11J11li1Jl t.
\\' !ta t. \\·1·n• 11 11r i•111·h d1t i11 g i11 tlw 111i1bl. 11 1' :tll tl1i .,·~ Sn it !,
t.11<·11 a t. tltt• lwad o f l ltt• 111 11,.ft il Jq·11 t lwrl11111d itt i"'l'llL11· f:t1·o r, \\·a,;
Gt· lt·l1r;dir1 ;.. ;· tlti ! 1' \ Jilo i t s of \\' i l l ia1 11 uf l>1·l11 1";t i 1w a 11d \l ;1ri11 i1.i1.

. . . ~i1t1l lw y \\';1 ~ f1 1 1 1 111d1·ri11 .~

i11

11 11'

,,f

d i 111 :-:i· a

J li111l11 111 y lh 1d11~y.

l: •1 .~·1·r :-' was (' 11111~· 11!, wi1l1 l1i s J i/1 11~" '" '1 · ,. .; '!( .ll r·111"r.'/· . . . I\ f 11t1r1 :

C'< >1 tli1t1 •d J1illl:<l'lf 111 J't.Jifi t· aJ ."< (tliio;i altd \lrt.Jl flll\ Jit1i1• Ja1·,; f.,1· lit <'
IL

l111wl <1i r.

\\';1...;

J/tt \\'11111 l 1·r

t l1:il , \\ lw11 ;ll.J last a 111v l d id a 1 ~i'' ·ar
1

·\\'l1u:-:1~ i11 q111l:-'1 ·;-; \\'t ·n · llCJ L 11wrt•ly

l it t· rary , who f1·!1 i11 , ,f1; 1t 1·1 ·11!1 1ry

he was l i \'i11 g, \\'l1 n:-:1· arli :-: t ic <'l'l·atio11 :-\ w 1·rt • 11 1 rtdd1i11 .~· \\ ill1 tlw
lift. ~

pf lii:i

11\\' 11

a ~·t· ,

a

c· r11 \\' d

:it.

UIH" e

:-,:·;if lwn· d f11

}1 , ·a r

tlw

111'\\'

s i11g1 •r. 'l'l 11· r" '"" ·' 11 111 " J•:tri ~ lt i11 (;rl':.l Brit ain i11 wl1 it·l o li ll' l'l '
\\':ts 11ul S"lltt ' l1 u 11 ." · l1 ol d lli:tl. li:t.cl a dil'l· C'l 1wr,.;011al i11to- 1·1·,;t, i11 1111·
M' t ' llt' of tl11 ~ pil gTi 111':-; t r:l\·1·1...; --- · · su1w ~ fr i1· 11d :' u1 11 1· l 1r1illwr tlwn'."
Tlw l'il'1·c ·l 11·a,; lt u l. 1·1>1iii 111·d 111 I·: 11 gl:lllol ; lly ro11al1 o1 w1 • li:t d :tll
l ·: 11rup1 ~ :t ~ hi:-; ;111di 1· 1w1 ·, l w(':tl l :-if' 111 : spol\ e t o tlw 111 0 11 a t.lll'r1w 11 1
1

·wi1 ic lt l lw_y m ·ru :tll d1·1·1.J.Y 1·011( '1·n1t•1L

I It- " I '"I'" I" t 111 •111 , t ""· i 11

l a.1q.!,·11a g·1 · wl 1i1;h wa s 11 u L 1111 ·rL' ly a- 11 ;11\1·d 1·x pn ·...;;-; i1J11 of tl11 ·ir 111<1:-; L

i1tl1 ·11., 1•

f, ., .J i11 .~·s ;

llw ·' i•1•J I loy \\ l1ic ·l1 111· J1,. Jd l iw111 \\':!.' :ill I J,..
lt t! li fli ·d Liw111 \\ il l 1 tl11 · i r r1·,.... i:-d il d1· 1•11 \\ •·r 111' Iii ,..,
s u11 .~ a ln 1\ ·i · llw l'" ·"'=-' i11 :.< n11 x i1·ti1 ·."\ t1f 1111 · 11 11111w1d.
l. uu:-i•' :u1 d
r: 1111 ld i11 g· a:·• ('J1 ild 1· IL 1nd d i:-i, it. y1·L h :1.J f11 r tlw t i11 w :111 1111 1·r111 :·wi1 111 s art : it 1· 1Jl 1·n ·d llw al1 ...:(l r l1i 11 .~· l1111111lt. 111' a l1r1l ;111.I f, .,·,·ri . . . 11
:-i lrj111 g 1·r tl1at

sl r1 q..:·gl 1·, ;1 111! u 1H·111 ·•I a. w;1y i1 1 t in· dark 1·low l ~ ,t.,:'allw ri1 1 .~ f1\'1· r tl11 !
co1 1tli:tla11I ,.; tl1ro 11 ~· l 1 \\l1 i1· it tJ1,.y r· cottlcl M't: lili' J.1 111 , 1·:111l l a11d tl 1t ·

Klti1 1i 11 g s l:t l'."' . . . . 111 tl1a L lf· rriltle li 1111: of cl 1a11 gt', ll'ill' lt 1·1ny
E t11'11J 1t• \\'HS sl1:1 l.:t·11 tu it ;-; f 0 1111cl ; 1li1111 , t lu· n· wa:i a 1•r11L11111d
HH«I J1i 11 g i11 t•laci 11 g l1e fo rt· 111 1• 11' ~ l '_)'t 'S tlw d t· part.1·d g n_·;it11 •·...;s 11f
<:n" ·1.,. ; it. rn11111l1 ·il ulT tl w t r1n tl.J 1·d ..;1·•· 11<' ll'il lt tlra111 afit' 1o1·•·1'ri1 ·ty .
Ev1•11 tlt1 • 1111J11rnf11l '"' ' J•ti"i ,; 11 1 uf (' l1ild t'. ll ar" ld \\':ts 11111 rc· ,;1·11l,1 ·d
aL " I i11w \\'l11 ·11 it. la.v a t. I lit' roo1>L uf ,.,.""." l1 (·:t rL tu a>k. ls 1lw n· it
Gud i11 li ~an: u l u :;cc ' uclt d1· :;u l:tlil!11, a 11tl wi Lltl1 u ld Jl j,.; li:111d '!

:-: ta le i11

i

1:i-l

EXEI{(' I:-;1 ~

LI.

DEI> CCT l\"J·: 1n: .\S()\'J:\(; (('11:-.-T 1:-.- 1T1').

co ne ut? No. Tli c condusion th e rcfCl rc is u 11 W<lJ'rantc1 l
aml not t o lie d cp c 11ileLl upon. As a slatc1m:11 t it rn:iy
chan r:e to he correct (<ts i11 this inst:tllcc ) , l111i it, is 11 11l
a coiTeet co ncl u:---;i nn t~1 dra\V, for hy ll1e san 1 l~ pnH·t·ss a
ve ry i 11corrcut co 11 cl1 1s io11 m:iy Ge arr ive1l at, tl1us:

Fall :wi1•,.: of l>1 •111oer: ... y .

,\ 11 woo• l i' i.t:H it i Id" ;
( : a:-1 i:.; i .~· 11it ild " ;
Thn..forl' g-a,; is wood.

\'<ll1,.:idt •r :-<11 111 t: 1111·( l1o<l s of nvc rtlirowi ng
a q_~· 1 1 111 L' t 1ts fnu111h·d 0 11 d " d11diY e n·as011i1 1g.
\ Ve have
aln·:1dy 11otin·il lli:1L tlwn; an.: t1Yo i'oss ilJiliti es t1f \;rror
IJt'1·:111sc tl 1c c<Jll<'lusion 11111,;i li<..: d ra11·11 [ro111 t w11 premise:,;
t•it l1l'r t111,: 11f 11·liit·li 111:1 y lw 1n1111g. Ti ll' 11rerni:::cs t.herefpn· 111·t·d 1·lt1sl' ,.:n11ti11y lirsi of all. B 11 t lill'l'I' is st ill
a ll1il'd 1111.-<s ilJilit.1· of ('!Ti ll', \'l.l'I I gl':111li 11 g tl1 :tt Lli e
}'l'l'llt is<'s al'(' c·o1T1.•d : - ;111 111111·arr:111l :1l 1lu <'011\'lnsion
111a.1· Ile dr:nn1. \\ r1: s:t id ll1:tL tl1 1: d l' d11 clin: pn we:ss is
:111 :ilJ,.:11lt1tL·ly 1·nrred 1111t:. Sn iL is. So are rnany
111:1lil\'111<iti"al 1n·1 wes.s(·s -- llic j>l'•1n•s,.: ft11' i11 sta11(:e by
wl 1it·l1 w" r·xtmd. ll1c 1·1il "i ro•1L of 1111111l11 ·rs. But,
111'Yl'1·tl 11·lt·,;s 11·e ,;111 11 l'li1111·s rnak1· 111i,;L1k\'.s i11 f, iJJnwin g
••11 (. tli t: pr< 11·t•ss a 11d so a rri1·" at i111·111Tt't:L n ·s 1i!Ls. [n
111a11 y a 1lt-d 11..t in· ar~·1111 1 t• 1II, if 1n: go 111·t·r it 1·arefull.)',
11·t· s l1:tl l li1 1il tl i:d tl1t·n· 11:1,; li1·t·1 1 :i 111i s t:ik t· i11 till' pru\:c1<s.
S 11pl't1sr: in: 1->ay
Le t

us

:\ II

\\I •• H

l i:-'

i.~ 11

it ii dt• ;

11i1·k,>1-_1· is i.c: 11it i\.i,.;

Thnl'forl' l1i1·k,,n· is wood.

A re t lH: p re rn 1,.:1·s r orn·d. 'I
eo1T1..-l ·1 YC's.

B11l 1s

Y(•s. Is th e eo n td usio11
tlic j1l'<1ccss, tl 1u tkcludio 11,

Thu clifli c ult y is tl1:lt We l1av e 11oi d v11it·d tli:tl. 11tlll'r
l
l >e ig·
· 111·l1·111 L.· \ Ve l1an:
. worn l may as"
tl 1in rrs l>t :sic1cs
· 111.t..111! e t l1i11 ,.,rr,; and
said " 11otl1irg w ] 1<tlever a I ><>ti t· a ll 1g
1
t
tl 1en: fore we an: 110 t· w:uTa 11 ·c1 11 1 sa .\· 111 .l.'.,· :111 .\"tl1i1 1 ..~.
wJ 1,1tl'l'L'l' ah111t :1.11y () 111' cd' tl1vm. \ Ve 11;11·,., l11111·c·n·1-.
s:ticl s 11111 ethi ng :1l><11 1L all ll'(H>cls, ;uid we t·a11 tlin.. 1'11rc
llraw a eo 11 cl us ion :il>1111 t a11y 11artiuuLtr 1Yt1ud , t lin s :
,\ II w .. 11.J i,; i~ 1 1it i\.\,.;
11 il' k11ry i:-4 woHd ;
Tlwr1·f11r<' hi cko ry 1s i.c: 11it il il1 ·.

A11cl tli is 11· ill l1t ' f<111llcl t·111TC'1·t i11 uvc ·ry p:irti c 11 1:tr.
Exanii11 e tl1 l: f"lloll'i11 g aq.~· 11111 1, 11 !.s f11r fall:tt'i L""• and
if p11ss il11L: mak e t: <>ITt ·c;L sy ll Pgis11 1s 11f Ll1 e 111 :
l1id1tl'lioll i:-; a 111·1w1• :-::-; of n·a:-;1111i11 .t.!";

I 111 I111·1i1111 f11r 11 i:-: 1i 1·:-: 11 :-; \\'il h k110\\' l 1·d~· 1 · ;
'l'lil'rt·fon · I 1J' (1l't•:-;s1· s til J't '< t :-i n11i 11 g f11 r11i :· d 1 11:-:. \\it !1 l\ lie ,w l1· 1l .~i ·.
( 11 di u-tio 11

l\ 1111\\"k1lg:l '.

is ll w

111ily 11nn·1· :-;;-;

of ri·a :-:011i 11 g tl1;d f11r11i ..... Jlt'.""

;

' l' lil'n·f(1r1·, ;1il

tJlll' k11u\\·h-dg·1·

i.. .; d tw to i11d1 w ti1111.

A ll li11 11 id,; arl' ,.,lJ"'rizal.J";
(; (old i,; l11>L a I iq :1id ;
'l'lll'fl'f<>rt' g11ld is 110(. Yapu ri za1 >ie.

11.-.; \\

itl1

A I{(; l ..\IE:\ 'L\ TH

~:VI

1 '.\.

Dl·:\C I•:.

:\()ll1i1 1g· j ,; lwlli·1· 11 1:111 \\i , .J .. 111:
l\r,•; 1.11 is Lvllo ·r I !1a11 11<1l lii11 g:
'f'l 11 'r,·f1 n·1·, lin·:id i.. : IH·t!Pr t li:1!1

\\

i -. : d i !lit .
ll>E~ C E.

E\
I t. i.-; 11<1 J•<ll'I 11!' 11 11r 11·ork l1L·n · 111 (• :; ;111 11111• t ill' \ 'rt l'ions
LLIL1, ·i,·s of l<'il""i1 illg a 1ul di s li11 .:..:·1 1i s i1 tlJ(' 111 ;111d give

1l1 t·111 11;11nt·,.;.

'L'l1;1t li1 •l111 1 .~·,; t" l11.~·i1 ·.

J I 1111 1-;L sul'l icc

f11r 11 ,.; 111 n ·1 ·1'.g·11 iz1· tl11: Ltd tl1 ;ll 11 11·1· 1·xi .-; t i 11 111;111.1· dis.:..:· 11 is1·,.;. ;i11ol t11 J,l'

t>ii

.:..:·1 1;11 ·.I ;1 .~·ai 11 ,; l

"Ill'

1lw111. 1111 (]1

T h,, l'liararlPr 11f l'1>\111nl. 11 ·' ·
\\ ' a ~ t lw .\ s:--: :l:--::-: i11al1i1· cit' 1·n· .. .; i1li·11 t
l-: \·idl' Jll"e fqr

lll

(lJ'

0

1

l ' 1.111-...i·n;tli111 1

!Ji' l.iwr ~.: .

l11•1< ' \li.t!i11l 1

r.. r

11 i1\ i -.1 11

f)i . . . 1·: 1-.,i · .

• \i't1 ' 1· ;1JJ, Iii<'_\ i1n:i1i;il,J_v d<>

11!\1',;1·h1·,.; ililll Il l 1iiJll'1;.; .

1·i1il1 ·111.,. t11 l l1v ;1\i .. 111 ;1til· irntlis 11·l1i1 ·l1 Ji, , al tl1r· h 11111clatin11 .. 1· ;ill 1·1· ;1,;111 1. ;11 1d t· 1·1 ·n· 111:11 1·,- .. 1· 11 11111111 :1 st~ ns1·
1rill g ·1·111·r;ill.) l!I' ,.;t1l'li ci <'1il

(<1

d1·t1·1·i 1111 ·111.

!11 tl1i,; t·x1·r,·i s i· 1t1 1r r1Lj1T t " .'-:·;1i11 i;; 1·;itl11· 1· 1l.·~lrn 1 ·li11:
tn 1· \ 110 ,;,. 1!1,· LilLi('y 11[ ;111 <11 .:_:·1111 11 ·111 l l1at i1 11·n l1·1·s false
d ,·./11t · li1111. ft 111:1 .1· 1,. . ii' good pr;1..t i1 ·1· a ,; ;i11 y (11 atlempt
t11111·1·1·t l1n 111· s 111111· 11!' 11 11' arg· 11 1111· 1l(s ;1ol1·;1111 ·1· tl "" s 11 l 1j1 •,. (>;
i11 till' Lt s t 1·\1·n·i s 1· . l11 sl11111· 111:1 1 .1 .. 1111

l\ 1·.. 11 :1 \1 ·:1,; 111•t

l·:vid e n('C iH :l g( 111·1 ·; 1l J1:1111t~ f11r 1 · \ · 1 ·r y tl1iJJ .~· tl1:1t t:-\
aJuu cecl Ln c11 l'J'<1h1 1ralL' a L11·L or s1 q 1p•ll'l a tln·,i;-; . It
ll1:lY llc 111 atL~ rial uL.i1.'l't.-..:, ~uc·l1 a .. . ; :tr1· ~ · ftl·11 1·\:l1 il1i lt ·1I 111
1
t l'i: .t l" I H'j .1 Ii ·" ( ·1111 rt:...; 1 ) I', I ;1 ,, - • I 1. 111.· '• I I H •. 11 1·;: I Ii l ' \\ ! I; ; t ' 11
1t 11\;I\' Ii.· ;J ('J>l!il1i11: 1ti 1>11 ,,(
tt•,.;(i llltlU\' 0 f. \\ ' 'I l ll l',.;~1 · ,;.
1

l'i i't.; \1Jl1 ;.;(;l llt 'l':-; t.ll,·1t.
iit1 1l.

t11 ;1.J1 11i t 1ii. 1111 1.Y

,>;\'\'Ill

t> ll<'

t"•q1 l:111:1 -

l l 111 ;1y lit· :111 1·x 111·1·,;,; 11111 111' 11t1i111"11 In " "111 , · • 111 1·
Ill

;i

(; ;1r1 i1 ld I11~:lllf' ~

a'...:: :ii 11 ...; f. a H1· li1 ·!' iti l \..!1:tlH l0111a11 1·.\ : ~J1 i11t

j

ln·1·11, ill' tl1:1t shnTy"' :111 i11 ;.; ti l 11ii1111 111 111 · 1111l11·lrl .

ill'

lJl;li i1·1' llll,j<'I'

di,.;i ·11 ,.;.-;i 1111

:1.11 ii

Tli1·st · an· q111·-<ti1111 ;.; 11·itli h n1 si d1· ,;. ;111ol it 111 ;11· 11·1· 11 h;•

tli:tl LilL1,·i•"' 1·;11 1 1,, . il. ·l 1·1 ·t, ·il i11 1111· :1 1 .~11 1111 · 111., ;id1·•111t·,·1l
Or lak1· 111 1t· ,;1· I Ii,· 1ti111·1· s 1il1j1T is.
St1p1111,;,• it l1:ts l1<·t·11 l'< ' j•l'•'" •' llti·d t li:it t 111• 1·ra of p t:al'u

1111 " 11 1· si d1 ·.

""l" 'n·,· 111 11 .L!· al'l•T t i"' '1 ·1.-;1.-; 11 f ,;11111 1· ,;_:T1·al. 111 .Ji ti1·a l 1l l'
1 ·1·li .~~·i 1111 s

sl ri r..

f11.-'l 1·1·s

tli1 · d1·11·l11p1 111 ·11 1. 11 1'

.:..:·1·11i t1,.; ; tli;1 t ti"' : 1 .~·t · ,,f t. ,1 111 '•·11

lilt'r:11 y

l·:liz;1li..tl 1 ' ' "" .,111 ·11 ;1.11

;111 ('l';t i11 tl1l'1 1;Lli1111;il l1i ,.; t11n· or L 11 gla 11d ; tli; \( ~liaku­
"Jll'<ll't~ Ji1·1·d 111 tl1;i l ag-1·:

l1ig- l1 t·;.;t. 111 ·<1 •.·1·;

tl i:it

Iii ,; .:..:·i·1 1i11 ,.; 11a s 111' tl 1e

I l1;i t I 111 • g1 ·11111 s of

~l1:1k1· s 111·:tn·

was

t lwrl'f,q·, . tll\' pn1d11d. .. 1· l1 i,; I i1111 ·.

Ir t l1is a1 '.c.:· 11111 t· nt i.~

1·l"s t·1'· t•xa n1i11 c d it. 11 ill l •l' fot111d

LtlL11 · i11 11s i11 !'it ' vcml

pui 11 b .

i·1JJ11·in l' i11 g . a11<1 y<'l. n1:111y
]i ;l.:' ;tflt•l'\\' itl'd
t.1.:;.;iiiii.-, 11
i· J t:I

Lll :i1•J',

,d'fi·r:-; it..
111 a tturs

]Jl:t'l l

f 11\llld \\TlllJg.

.r ,l e p u nt I:; \'L'.I .}
()f

, lll011':< i
11111 1· I1 11 11 tJ1 c i11 tt·J)1,,·,·110"<'
"'
tlw 11 it111·"s 11 ],, ,

·, 11 11 1 il1·~."_· 1·11l l'l'l' st1·i1 1 w,.;s

()r

A11tl1nrit1·. or 1111' j11<lg·111\:11t.
opinion,

~v i ll

vary

(Ir

t·x 1ll'rl.-; 11 1

gn·ally i11 va l 1w.

1:is
Take t h e matte r of tcsli 111011 y. \\rli at r:u1 lie better
tlian the trnt11f11 l kst.imn n.r ;>f a11 1111pn ·j1uli ecd eye\1·ilness? J\11d yd, our U}L'", ;tnd :tll 011r st·11.ses, are
t·ci11ti1111all.r d et·l·ivi11g- us. A child rid i1w on a t rain
fa n cil's t ha t th e ft·n.ecs are Jlyi ng pa.st lii~1; a man uf
wid e expc ri e 11 ce a111l rnaturecl j 11dg rn e 11t ofte n find s it
dillicult to d etnlllin c 11·lit.:ther nr n ot a train is 111nv1ng-.
past wlii eli lit~ is h ·ing r·:t rri ed 0 11 :rn"t l1t ·1· tr:1i 11. ( 'lo11ds
seem to lit• 11 101·i11 .!.4· i11 ll!J[J"sik clin·di<l11s 1rlll'll in n :ality
on e sLr:tt 11111 is ,.:i111Jiiy lll<l \'ing !'aster tlian a1111tlll'r i11 t he
sa1n (: dirl't't i"11. .'\11 ol1j1Tt is lil11<· O'J't•t•1 1 n r c·1·1·11 reel
lo di fl'ere11(, jJ<'<> Jl k.
Tl.1(' sa!llL' J11; L;1 ,..,i,.: t1t•:r: ril1l' d liy on~
p e rson :1.,.: t;tl l, hy a11 .. tl1 t•r a,; of' llll'cli11m stat11l't~; one
says his t'yt•s an· I.Jack. a1111tlll'r tha t tl1!'y a re lirm ni.
Ancl all "'. tl1t·sL~ " ·itnesses may. f'n ·l t·o1ificl ;·n t that Lliey
arc tc·lling tlic· trntl1. f.:l'id 1· 111T, we rvp1·at, e \'C: ll the
lJcst o f t·1·illc· 1wt•. is n11t pruuf. ll c·n r·e Ll1 e lll'Ct'.-<sity of
l1ring i ng tn lwar (:\'('!'_\" ,.:nap of e1·id1· 11 r·1: olita in alJlc:.
Tl1 e Wt •a 1·i11g of' it i11t11 a ,.:trunl!· lllt'.-<h 111' prn11f t·xt•n·ises
t l1u lti .~·l1bt skill 111' tl1t~ phil11s11p lll' r, tl1 e l1istorian, tlt o
sl' il'11tilit· cl1 ·11Hl! 1st1·;1 tri l', tl1e 11·.L!·; tl ad1'tll';t te. 111 sliol't,
it is till' 11 tilizalioJ1 of all tl1 t! l't's11 11 n·< •s 1if' ;1,rg 1111 11 ·nt..
It 11·ill lie 1111 t iL·<·cl tl 1: tl tlt e s1 il1j1· cts 11fft: r~cl tl 111 s fa!'
liavc u ft.e n iil'e 11 p11t in the f11nn "f' qm·st iu11 s. Th e re
are sevl'ra l go11cl H·as1111s fl•!' this . Tlt e J'l·acle r will lll tdl'rsLand at oJH·<· tl1a t, tlll' i':IJH'I' is t o 111: :inr1111 wntat i ve
an d tl1:iL tl1t: q111 ·s 1i o11 i.-< an 111 1,.:<'tt l1·d 11111· i~ 1 tl w 1ni11ds
of' lll:t ll .)' 1•t't1 jil 1» Tilt' i11tt·1·1·11g:1ti1·1· 1'11 r111 , to", s(•t:111 s to
prolllisu _!.;l'eak r L1in1 ess o f tn· at11H·11t oil tlic \1Tit1;r 's
part. llis a11s11·(·r rnay lit.· a11 1111q11alified Y n; or Nn,
1111 (. l ie as,.:un1 es In sL1rt at l t•asl fr11111 a n e utra l sl.;u idpuint. a11il w ith a spirit of sincere i1H[Uiry . Tl 1e J'L·s 1d t

l JE.ltATI·:.

is tl1a(, tli u r ead er\; inh'n·,;t i;; arn11secl at. 1>11 ce, l1i s at (1· 11tio1t to the arg1111w11ts i;; n111rt• willin,!.;ly g i1·e11 , a11.! l1is
co n c 111Te nt·e with the res11lL-< l!l o rc rea dy.
So far as it. is ]'1,;,;il.le in tl1 l' ..;e C'Xl'J'L· i.-<1·,.:, :11·!.;ll \' l1lt';tl
'llll';;tio1 1s . lhs tl 1t•1'<· l.t•t•Jl :t. tire i11 .\">lll' llt'i ,:..;l1 l1111l1•n id
l'L!CL:ldl y 11·l1ic l1 \1·ass11;;l'l't'll'1 l lo lie oi' i11c ·«1 1d i.1ry <1ri .c:i 11 '. '
1s tl 1en: a s11spic i1111 tl1at tlll' Litt: a..t,s 111' 1·a11 1.bl1s111 1111
t h e sc l11>ol gr<ll ltHl s w e re r;.,mmitt ed liy 11l'r,;1111s 11.-,t c·<1 1111ueted witl1 tl 11: :-;t·lio11l" F c rn :t. 0 11 l. all tl1 c 1; 1 i1l.·1w1:
yo 11 call a11d l'l'ese1 1t. iL i11 :t e<>11v111 c 111 g 1'11r1J1.

''

)'·'

EX EH C' IS E LI IT.
1>1·: 11.\Tl·:.
(.i111 •sf i11//S 1:(

f.'111'f :

..:

•'

J,'l'suln'1l, Tltat 1! ... re was a pn·-l'11lt11 1tl1 ia1 1 lli .-. .. ,,.,.n· .,f .-\1 11<'ri1·;i.

'!' Ital. 1lt1• 1\ 11ll'ric"'" l1 1.J ia1"' ar" !>1·:<1·<'11.J"d 1'1 -. 1111 ti,. ·
;\l1•1111d I :11il1l1 •rs.

Tlt at. l... r.J

l::t<'111 1 \\'1·.,(,. tlw \\ ·,. , i,, .- \ ltril111!.-.J (, ,

~·.,

:--:.! 1;1\.:<•."' JH':ll'!'.

T l1aL l'ri111•• l1 11·n.,H1·.-• ll' itl 1 ('il' ili zat i,.i1.
T liat. 1'::11·tl1<111ak 1·,; :ir• • ('a11s1•d !.y 11,.. (' 11 .. li 11 .:.; ;111.J (\111 tracti1111 of tlu· Earll1 's ( ' rn st.

D el1at<~

i,.: a rg- 1111 1!•11tatio11 1111 li11tli cir ;1ll ,; itl 1·s 11f a
qurstinn, nsually cond 11 cre cl hy two or 11it1l't'. 111 ·rs1i lh,
eacl 1 of 11·]1()111 rq1n·;.;\·11ts 011t: ,.:i1l1 :. It is ]'l'<: ..;11 11 1:1'.lr
tl1 e h ·,; t 11·ay nf arri\'i11g :i L trntli :incl st·ttli1 1g· u11,.:l'ltlt-d
q11l'sl io11 s. I t ]1;1 s 11f{t'11 h·1· 11 sl;1·pti('ally n· 1n:1rh·d 1l1at
dt·ht!e t·111 1vi111 ·(·s 1111l,.1cly. Tl1i .-< is tr111· 1111!.1· 11 1' 111 11.' t:
wh o \\'ill n o t S!'l', of 1\'ll!>l 11 it. ]i;v.; liv1·11 said tl1:LI tlll'I\'

'',.

1 \iU

llEH A'l'E .

al't: 1111n c ,.;o li!i1Jr1. Dail y d11l'." it li. ·.. 111tH: m ore nntl more
n\·id v11t ll1 ;t1 a1 111111 g· i111t-l li ,L:·1·11i, L1il'-111i11dl'll 111 e11 rtllll
wni11t.:1 1 tk l1;1 k i,; a Y:il 11:11.ll' 111 1-; 111 ,.; f11r t li e fn1·111at.i1m of
oprnw11,.;. \\'lien 0 11 e ;1 1·.~· 11 " ...; a 'l lll·.st ion alt11te , fr11m l1iR
t1 \1·11 point ol' Yi t.:11·, lit' ,.,J1111 1ltl 11 !' '"111r,.;e ti' )" (11 t'U lll'l'< h:
<'l.t'l',1"il1i11 g· tli ;d 111 :1.1· 11" .s:1i <I i' r11 111 t l11· "i ' ['t1~ it .. poi JJ L uf
\·i.. 11-. 1:111. it i.s 111 il lik.·iy tl1 :d 11" 11 ill li11tl s11 11111!:11 Lu
s:I _\' O il U1t:• otl ll' l' .s 1. 1lnv 111 11' . .·111 111111·( 1·1 s11 s ( r1111g Iy as one
\1·!1 0,.;l: l'•111ridi1)!J ,.; li1· 01 1 t l1: 1l ,;iii,., llv11 1·1· tilt' ad wm!:1 g·,: ,i1· l1a ri11.L:· ,.;l:\·r·r; il 11:1rti"" 111 tl1 c di ...;1·11 :-;,.;i1111. Th ey
111:1 y 1J 11(. ,.;11 1"""'tl in t"111 1·i1wi11 .L:· 1111l' :111<dli t· 1·, l111 L t.l1ey
11·il l 1·1• J'(:1i 11l y 111·1[' :11 1 111111r1·j111li 1Td 111111-11:1rti1·ipato1· to
a 1·t1111·i!'I io1 1.
\\'l1 ilt: d1·l1:1!«,.; am 1·11m 1n1111l .1· 11r:tl, a.s in 1k1.:ttin bo·
:-<1ll'it·til' ...;, pt1lit i1« il, 1·d11l'ati1111:tl , a11tl n·li•ri1111,.; o·atl1 erin g·s
,...,
:--i
..
'
la \\' 1·11 1nt.s, i1adi:1111 e11t:uT s1·,.;,: i1111,.;, (·k .. t li t.:y are h_y no
lll t':t ll S :il11:11·s S(). i\Lu1v :ll'l.! (11 llt: l"J\lllil i11 0111' lll 'l fl"Lzines of n. f'e rta in da s;-;, 'l'/11• 1\~1 rll1 ,·111//'i'il'll n Nn•i1·n•,
i 'u1111{111· ,'i'1·i,.11r:1: jl["11lld,r;. f.'11r11111, A r 1' 11 11.
It, 1tat11rally
d 1: 1·oln:s "11 th e n11 e 1\·!111 "Jll' t1 ,.; till· 1h:l.:1 te to 1·lt•:1 r tltt!
grn n11d 11y s lat i1 1 .~· !li t! 1111 1·,- t i1111 i11 !'1ill , 11·itl1 :ill 111 •1;ess:u-_y
:U11J'Jili1· ;i.lit11J, l':'\jlt1,.;j( i11 11 or (1 •1'111 ,.;, jll.ll jl(ISl' iJ Ji111it :ttio1ts,
c·l c . lli.-; a1',~·1111w 1 it:-< . (111i, 11 ill h : 1·1111.-;lr11di1·e :11 1d 11n,.;·1t in:. or l'tlit l":-<i' 111' is :it lil)('J'( } 111 :11t(i1 ·ip:tl1 : i'llllll( l;l'
arg1 111 1t·1t1.'-', 11l'.i• ·1·l i1 111s :111 •1 n· f11(;1 t i1111 ,.;. :-;11 1· !1 a i't 11ir:;e
\rill te 11 1l t 11 \\\':tk1·11 tl11 · f• ll'\'(' or tl1e1:-< 1: arg 111nt·1it .-; wlwn
th ey a rc lm111gl1t. f1lnr:1nl hy :111 "i'J"111c11L < >i1 tl1 c
otl1 e r l1 :rnd, tlll'l'e i,.; 1111· ri,-];: tl1at. it nia_r he 1111l y so
m111'11 \1·aste11 e llt ' l ',~·y . f11r :tll "l'Jl"lll'lil 111 a1· i' lioo,.;1 • 11 ot
1o adv :1 111 a: tli 1: :1r~·
1111 11 • 1it 111· 11l1j.•Ttiu11
al all " .tl1\11 J<>M !1 ii' Ji ..v
'
'
d()l:S tlt is silll]'ly l1cca n,.;e lw f1· e ls tlia L i ts force ha,.; l1ecli
aln·atl y w eake ll erl , the ene rgy can lt al'dl y lie consid ered
.,

.,

(

~ t

1Ul

wasl1_'ll. Tl1 c c1 11 Ly o[ those 1\'110 follow the fir,.; l SJ'l'akn
or wri lt.: r i,.;, primaril y, to nJ u le Lit e arg 111111: 11l,.; a1h :u 11·1·d
liy tl1e ntlwr s id e ; a11d, seen11d:u·il y, l \I t.: ..,; lahli,.;h t l1L :
eont.ra1· y. Thi s lattl'r i,.; 11o t ;tl11·:1.ys c:w1,.;i1h:n:1l l',.;:-:e11ti:il;
it d e pv,nd,.; so\11e\1·l1at 111l th1: p11rp1 l,.;1: nf I 11" tli ,.;l' 11 ,.;,.; j1111
a11cl tl11 : forl\l ill 1rl1i1·l1 t lw q 11t.:s ti1111 is ,.;L1ktl.
As Lo tl ie form 111' t li e s1H·:d! t.: d "q 11,.,; t i1111, .. iL i,.;
nsn:tll y a c1Pd:1r:tti\·u pr11position :u1d 1111 L :111 i11l1·1T1 l,.,cr:tLioll . T l1i s 111:1 ke,.; it. (':t.sier Lo di :-; ti11 g· ui :-d1 d,· arl.1·
lict\1·cl'IL t l1 e al'li rm aLi\·u arH l nl'gat i1·1: s i1l1 ·,.;, tl 11; (Il l "
af'lirmi11 g tl1 ll t rntli of tlll: j•l'Cljio,.; it.i1111, tl1 " otlwr tl1· 11 yi1w
'l'l1 c ]J1ll"tl!'11 ()f 11ropf
li e,; 1ri t l1 tli!, al'lirrn:tli n ·.
,..,, i L
.
Tim «· t· o11r,.;l',.; a re ope n to Ll1 e lll',L;:tli\·,.. 'l' lH· ,_;11qil1·,.;t.
0 11 e j,; im:n·lr t() ;tllt-mpt (11 rd1tl l' :111 tl1t: :1r~· 1 1111 l·1 1h
ntTc n· il in ,.;1q 111ort :111 11 :-;o l!':ln: tl1 e sl: 1tl·11H· 11t 1111111·111·1·cl.
O r o ne 111 :1y :ilt:u·k tl1 c sL1.t.u 1t1t"11L iL,.;ulf, :1nd , if l" '""' il1l t•,
sl 1ow it. t11 lie f;iJ,(., !11 11.-; cli ,.;prov i11 g it. Th e tl 1ird
cc >11r,.;t· i:; t n rn :1i1 1tai11 th e Lrutl1 111' solllt' l·11 1d r:try j)l '< •poslt.io11 . Tl1i,.; J.t ,.;t i,.; pr:lc ti1 ·: tll y Ojl t' l1i11~· :l. lit ' \\ q111 ·,.;tion :11111 :trgui11g 1111 t !tL; artir111atir u si d e 111' it , - a
q lll'"t io11 ]1mren· r wl1i!'l1, pr" l'l'tl , tli s 11 l'O \'t•s tlll' tir,.;(.
All tl1n·t: o[ tlw,.;" (·011r,.;t·,.; lll :1._y lie :td11l' Lc d i11 tl 11· ,.;a111 c
:tririm11.·11l, t li"1q. :-h tlll' rc is a.h1·;lys more o r ll' ss cl :t.11 gcr
in ~L t.t 1' l ll J .t i 11.L:' t;-. pr11 v o Lon 11111 ch.
Tlw q111•,.;li11n i,.; 1111 t 01 il.1· 11,.;11:11l y <kl'lar:1ti1·e Ill r.1rn1.
iL sl101d1l lH: ]'llL l" '"i li 1·el _1-, - - t.!t:it i,.;, it ,.;]11J1tld 1t11l
1·rn1 Liin ;t 111·.'..;:t live, f11r tl1is is apt L11 ll': 1tl to 1'111npari ,;011
l1d.1n;L;11 tl1 u k rm,.; "a rtirn1a t il'e sidl' ·· :u1tl '' ll t'.~at.i l' t'
si d e ." Th1 1s, in ,.; t .. :u 1 of say in g ]{ \''411hl'd, T l1:i t, PJ'(Jl1il1iti n11 """" J1<1 L l'n1l1ihit,, or H1:sol\'l;d, Tl1:1t Pnil 1iliitit111 j,.; ;t F:tilun·, i':tst i t in :-;n111e su ch f11rm a,; tl1i:-<, H1 ·:-;11hc11, Thal l'rol1iliitory Laws <·a.11 l1u autl :1n: E11fun·1·1l.
0

l>EHATE.

The tjlH,stinns offered for d1·hd1• i11 tli is eX \'l'l: i."c arn
q u est io ns .,f fa d . Tl11:y rnu sl l 1e a rg 11 ed I '.Y references
to ol1sena(il!11 a1 1cl l'X1J(: l'i l' 11 n., l1y apj>ca ls Lo liisloridtl
reco rds, to sta( ist il'.", :u1cl t lll' lik1· . Tl1u Wl'i !e rs 0 .11 tJ 1e
ncgati\'L! side sl 111 uld ht.: fnrni:-d11·d, if 111 1t witl 1 t he enLirn
]>:t[l\'r, aL least \1·itl1 :111 1rntli11l' of tl1 c :1 rg1 1nw11ls of tlie
:dlirrnativc sidt'. ~\l L'l't'l y as iimdi ee i11 di :dt:d ics a.l1tl
as a l1l'lp l11\1·:1nl attain in g tl 11, pliilns111.J1ical a Ll iL1Hlc of
L.tinit•ss :u1d t11 ll'l':u 1< ·1·, iL ll'ill J,. , !'11 111111 J>l'ofitalilt.: occas1 1J11ally (., tll'i'l' 11d :L side 11·l1i1·l1 yo 11 d o n" t ri·all y IJelievc
111. 1\11(, t he n111s (, cff1Tt i1·1 : \\'• 11l 11·ill ah1·:1ys lie llo nc
111 d e f'c 11st: 11f tl11 • c:rnsv \1111 l' IH:risl1.

I lt ·rc: agai n ,.;1·l1·d

q111~stit 111 s

of l1 ica l an d preseJJt in-

ten·st if p<1ss il 1lt.: .

E :\El :('h l·: LI\".
l>J.: B.\TI·: ((',.xn:-0 1·1-:11).
(/fll '.•.; ,' /fJllS

f.' ,·::of1·1·tf,

Tl1a L 1\,.1 1,..Jict

'!( ( J;11'11/fl /I;

.\n11 ild's ,\ 1.·! 1
'11 11

,· ii, \\', ·.•,(. I 'oi11t was Ex-

1· 11.. . , ald t·.

'l'l1:d. ,\l •H'1' J<,.,,t ril'I ;,.,. I1111 11 igr: d io1 1 Laws 11· 111 i!d Ji., tu
1111· g,.,,, l1 d .. n ·s l. 1of li11 · l '11it1·d Si:d 1"'·
That ll• •at1t.1· ;,, lt s Ow11 l·:x1·11s" f.,r Bi· i11 .Tl1at \ 'i1·i'<·clio11 is ,fo , titiaJ.J,.,
'"
'l'l1at 111" l'ru;;p1·r il.1· " f 011r c;,,,·n 111111 ·11 t, is Tlireatnietl
'" '"''' l1y l'1 ·11lr;tliza li C111 t.l1a11 l1y l>isi11ti·gra.tioi1.

11 1111il ll'rs 11f 1Jllt'."(ii>11s ,,j· fa1 ·t l'L' lllai 11 llil."dtl erl
!1i:-;tori1·:11. g't't1.gT;tpJ1ical, :1 ,; i r11 1111111i('.:t l, liiul tJg it ·al. :)~
1.1111~ a,.; ti ll'.\' :.u·" ad11 1itt1•dl y 1111s1·ttl1·d tl 11 ·y are siilij. :ds
fur 111n:s t1gat11111 a11d 1111(. f,,I' ;1rg 11111t•11(:1ti"r1. It is only
\ 'a,.;t,

-

wh e n they have h~e n co 11:-; i(le red :-;eU!e(l l1y :-;onw while
o t.l1crs disse nt, or hy all u1itil so 111l'l.l1i11 g is di scuvurvd
w hi eh reo pe ns t lt c 'l 11 e:-; t.ion, Ll1at ther e is 1Jl'l'a,.;i1111 for
dehtti11g tl1 cm. For tl1 c n tltere will he strn 11 g a rg um e nts to lll l'l'L a.11tl prej11di ces tu o\·e rc.:0 11 w. Tl 1c ::-i\1·is:-;,
fur ex ampl e, are lotl1 Lo Id the story of \\'illi a rn Tdl's
l1er11 is m he rdcg;it ccl fr11111 tlie autl1L· 1di l' il y of hi sto ry
tu t he ohse nri t.y of lllylli a11cl lege 11\l . Ai 111 Kopnrn i k
arnl l1is follow ers ·!tad n eed to ;trgue, a11cl to argu1; pns istc ntl y , l>d"re they cou ld lwpe t.ha.L th e \rnrld \1·c>1Ll11
give up t l1 e Ptol1•maie tlienry of Lit e 11ni vt- rsL'.
B11L after all, 1.lie great majority of d1:h11t:s l'c ntt· r
al>o u L rnaLters uf opin io n, questin11::; n ot of \\'l1 aL thin gs
are 1111(, (I f wl1;tt tl1 ey ongh L Loh~, f[ 11 es t ions o [ g·t>rn l 11r
htt 1, of rig· li t. o r wrong, of prud c 11 ce a11d ex ]'t:d iency .
Shall <l c;ollcgc stucl c llt lie allowed to e lt.:ct Iii,.; :-;tudit~s"
Sl1:dl a l' uhli( : 111a11 he :j11clg 1•(l l1y liis pri \';1.tc lift.:? Is
d1:111111T:wy a so urnl pol it i1:: tl prim:ipl1 : ., ],.; a lit: evu r
j11:-;titi:il1l1!') l ,.; there any :ih,.;ol.11 te ,.;(rn1d a rd 111' lll <1ralit.y·~
Tlil·,.;1: an : tl1 e q11 c:-;t i1111 s t.l1aL continuall y t '\1· n·i .~t: 11 s
and call fortl 1 al l 1111r resonrees for a U:tl'k :1 11d d d1: 11st:.
Tl1 ere is lt11tl 1i11 g so jll'OVOt:<tLive uf d eh1.tc a,.; tl 1e k11mrled ge tli:1.L :-;<1111t: one hol ds an opinion a t vari ance will1
n ur ow n. \Ve cvc 11 dispnto al1011t ta.~tt:s in spite 11f
t11 e old i11hihit.io n, whi c h has a gnu n of so 11111l s1~ 11se
hu·k nf it.
L d us admit t h at d el>a te on m atle r::> of 01J1111011 is :il l
right. U ni formity, a mong all indiviflnab, of C'apaliilities, :11;qnirc m e11L-;, and L;t-;tes, would he 110 nwre desiral1le than u11ifnrn1i ty i11 fa c ial ft.:itl11rt.:s arnl 1~X !'l'l's,.;in11.
But l1annony o f sC'n1 inw11 L i11 ,.;1wl1 111at! t:r:-; as we kLVu
alludt:<l It> a hu ve is i11 t.l1 e rnaill d es iralil e. To l1ri11 g

I

i
l
·!;•'
.. ·:I
i!

'1

,,

'·

l.

11;-1

] 1; .-,

1J1:1:.\TL

al101it

t l1i ,; !1 :1ri111111\· :.;]1<1t1l<l lie tl1 l: prai:.;l'lv11rtl1 y ol1j ec t

of a 11 1kl1:1 t '"

w 11.s .. ,., irn J>h· :111 inkl le d11:il 111 l·:111 ,; .ii· 111 1"·ti · 1 ~·

l >1 ·l1a!\'rs 11111 ,.; ( iH· 1•:11·ti \'11l:ir l.' · 1111 t l11·i r .~· 11:1 1 1l l11"l'P
:1g ai11:.; L :t d;i11.~·1 · r

11

i111·l1 i1a;.; aln·ad1· lw1·11 j111i11l e d out

or lw g i1111i11 .~ 11itl1 :1 misIn fj llt '.,; ( i11 1I:-: or f:w (. (II' nf till'

( l·:x e 1·1·i :-:1 · \.L\'ll. ) --- tl1:1 t.

11111l1· r:.;L 111di11.~·

,.r

t1· 1111 s.

n ·l:i t io ns Ill'[ \l'v1·11 Li d s tl1 is da11gn i1anlly

i,;f , ;; l111 l

1· \

111 'i'''"'lit•11.,; .. r Ill\' n:lat i1i11s 1i1:1t do 111 · sl11 111l.J i·xi,.:L
lieL w1·c 11 ''''"'"'jd .s 1r1: l1ave ti) d1 ·: il wi1l1t 1• rn1.s11r :1
I1 H11·L· i11ddi11ilc 1·liarade r alld tl 1l'l'l'f11rc 11111«li

witl1 111t>1";ti1t 1·.

:.1·111.c.'. 1-; .i11.-,111i,1l.J,.

1 11, ·:-. ti\)11

;111 y

1

llJl ii \ '

()r

j 1;1i1iitil1

yl)u ;1 n ·

1t :1 til

t i1<1 L :u1y llli;.;1·1 1ri1il',; 1111 tiII .'i p 11111 t
ll n·

\\"it i 1 lJ l l

111

\ll1at

tlin·.'·.:! 11 dd 11 f lh (•:-.;t• di .-. : «!l :·~~ IPll S -~
I": ~rd" .J llw l'" '·~ 1111;il , ., 111 :1111 111 .

l'<l11si:-ds, 1111 1 11 1 :1 1 n i .,t1 11d 1T.'i ta111li11~· ..
l,11(

\ · 11:\·1 · fl.
j

dti!l ' i t

I l l ;l

difft ·n·111· t~

r

d111·

lt

1!11' t1 ·1·111.,; 111-

11 11d 1 ' L·~L1 11d 111 ·~

of

lll'

;1

('\ "t. 'lt

i

fr :.;11 1·Ji

i)('Jj('fs.

:t

.jj,;; / ~Tt •f' lll t 'll 1

d ~ ·Ji;ltl'

f i iJ' l\\-11 Ji ;•1 ·....·or1 ;--: { 1 1

t I1i:; cl ass "I 1() ti l li be t " I ',., " .~· a i It 'l I I

ti .

d is1·11~>1»w> "'

i

; t j I ,..

d I i: 11 · I "

"I : "

"

r

\11l i 1i11·.-,

1•

~· :11 ? 11·d

L\

('~ iu r .....:i· . ' '

:111 \· <it l 11 ·r

li i lt·

i ' \ · 1· 1· , · t!1i11

\ -._

111 ) .. .

i '

, ,,

1 ..

j, l>l .

'i •f' ! i d iH'l'i' ti1t• (ljW!JiJ1~· (1f ;Jll ;1 1·~'\IJJl!"ll! ]i\
i ', ... I . . \ I !' i I"\\ I·' \ \ ' ·- 1 I i i 1111· ,\". ,,.,,;, .1 1:1 . ,.,, ., ,// /,'. 1· , , II '
\\",.

;1;

'1'111 '. I l. .\ C' ';il' .'-'

I •

f )) ~ j ) f tl ' f,

lK

pr ( ':1·:--. ;11·~s

-

1!11'

.\ l 1,,\- \\1. · ;Li l '

1, ·,1·.< ',
'

lll" t';:ijl I

.

~ 1' '!

.

"'

; J

l J ( ' .....

!

\ \

f!tl•~'('JI

l 1 •i; i t i1.i : l11 (~1tt ' 1

ii

'

(

I ' ) 1 -....

( 11 ]<' > f i1

) )!

•

j I

I~

'

I 1 I 1I

i-:Ji1.;ii " ·i f1".'->

j ~ li1.. 1li1_·i J 1

f

I

k.1r 11
1\ \

t

~

l.

!

:1 11d. l 1;1\
t

i 11:..::

tu

l1';Ll"ll. !!I ll: 1

! - '> !

J \ l:

!

j11i1 11· i1 1f1 ·:' .
"

1;1i.....:t •/11H11!

1,

;1 · .

t

r

l " it\ 1.

lfi1 " ll l

·· ;1· ·li

·. 11. ·1 ·,. --.. . .

'J" l1, 1·1·f, ,1·1·. )i,

f,t· ! ' t l l!t ' ~ ! !• 1l.

'!" iii . . . \\ :i l

:1

:· ·I

l li l l <

Iii \• : \ "

]"I

!w

( . I i ~ t I ..... \ ' 1 I : I • '

d1·\·1·l11 11n 11·1it 1d
. ...,

I'\

1 l" : t i I : ; I t ~:

( . ( I J l j 1I j l l i i ; I . , ! l : I '
I

lri . .; 1·:1 l"t ... 1,

•1 ;wl

Ji :q+1 1i1w ....,...; llt ·1·1I.' 111 l lJ1dt · !':-.. l;11 11l

!i

I !

1·

111;t11· .-..
' ' \

t]i,l! 1itl 11· 1· t lw 11

: 1111it l 11 1·:

i,, ..~,
.. •, ', ',· ,,, -,
~

I lf !4'

~ll!T P! l !Hliii .'...'..:..; , l•tll j

Ii i:..;

•

(11 '."'l' ll SS ltill

: ! a· ij ll i"-..ti 11/l

ll! JtJ I!

L ' I"

1•\j-.; j ,;

;-1.,· n:.; 11iz«.! . ti"'

i':LL 1·1t ili.'-'lil 1111 Jc,.. ,.. i l.n Ji; 1tl pr:wli v:ill .1· tl1c :.;;11n" jiJ, ., 1 ;1,.,

{fl

"r

The

,.:l;1rti 11 .~·- j111i1 1( :1 11d is :111(

;1 ·c

111. r( : 1~ ;1

-;1•i1lil1Jt'li! 1111 ;if! 11 11,.,..l ,.,ll .'-' 1111il1 · 1!11t 1 '.~

111"

\V1 : Ji;11·1: :.;ai1l t l1:LL t 111: n ::ii 11l1j1..- L

.\I I .'-''I'

TliiJ:-..: ~.•

· li-1 ·11 ---iw;

.-..; t 1r1·

111·

\-!'!"\ .

111:11

,,r

lk 11·:1rl·

lir:-;( n -11111 ,.,.,J.
j;,·:-; id1·s ti ll .' 1Lt11 ~·l' r tl 11T1· 1.,; a il1l .l i1·1il ly 11fl1 ·11 lill.'L

dlitT

b t l1··1" : ;1111·

1i11 '. st i ii 1111 1ri: f1111d:11 11"11 t: il •1t1 •.--;t1"11.

(11

l'\' 11 " ' ":"111

Il l'

"\111l tl1:1 L J11:11· 1l,·1w11 d ''" ""' :1 11 :,\11· 1·

:il1s 11111l1'. s t:1 111L 1r1l ,,i· 11111r:t! it1· ·1

11111 ('] 1

!""" likt:lv

'!"' ,-;1i 111 1 l\'ill' i li«i '

1111:

di il i-

:i.

U111· q111· s l111ll 1·:1111111L 111 : :.;1·111 " .J 111:ti f \I i' ""ttl 1·

l: tilty.· '

J

li'

t •

! . ·'

)!Ii

JH )\\"1'r

~

I ." -

'.I

!

I: j ' .

T1 \

111 111:1 -... 11 r
1I

'

1 \ ; \ !! j ; l l ' l 1 ' ~ \

I I ..,

I II

1\ \

l1i1!1'- : · l l ;11 1• l • 1 1 ~

I 1I

I :'

<

t

• "11 • '1

I,

..

.+.

··,

.• •• '?_.

~

~-

11 ii~
in ti it: \r o rid.
I11 a wn rd . di .. .; t·i1 di1 H· ~i\· cs
powi' r t o :tl'qt1ir1 ~ i11 fqn11 ;tt i1 111. :Lnd tlw l 11t al rv.-..11 \t i:--. l·11!!11n"
' I''i11 ~ twn .L~:ri· ; lf 11 1;-: 1n111 11' 1il .-.. !If t·i l i1• :1! i111i :1i di .. .; 1·i1° ii111 ' ;111d i11 f()r-·
1!l :tii• iJ 1 11:1 \ "1 • hi 1 ii · r f " ~ o1 ;' · 11 i · 1. i 1il•· 111: 1 t : •
:1 !J • l i.1 1 1·.~ 1 J. 1 '._' • ·. ] , ·: t • l i 11·..:· tu
p ll .v~ir: tl. i !d,. i h·· ·tq: \i , ~,1 !•1 ..: •H'i :1 ! :-; 1·i· ;1t· ·"..:. ;111d I !1 " ..; , , :-1 •_:· ~ 1in f' t1l111i11:it -

yit· ldi11 g a c t11 ;d

i 11 .~

p l1il 1 1 ,..:,~ · 1· l1 .\· 1ir

in a

ti 1i,..;

1·xc.. : 1lldi 11g

111;t!

~I.'

F• ·\\'

ti r... t 11ri 11.-1!i!1 ·...: tif ;ill ll 1i11:..::;-;.
ltt llit .

/ i;1....; )) t't' l l

\(!IW

0 11

~'~~

divid .. 111! ,.; .

1 ~'
~-­

Kn 1ilv

;;,

·-re-

L ' 1't1 1·111 111w r :tli· t !w 1il 1.il'd1 1r :-> :t tlf ! :1!: " "'1' r f ii,, ir ,, l 1j 1··· ti 111 1:-; .
11. 'f o ~t:lt1· llH · po:-: iti\· 1· ; 1 r~· 1 1 11 1 <• 1 d !'r1 r C' l: 1s:-. ic·: il tr: li11i11 ;~· -

l itT:tll :-'l:

llll _\" t i 1ll l ,~ ·

\\1!\

:1 ]>! " '1 11l 1·d .
U1il! l ;1

i 111; t11·1·1 l ,,i· :--. 11H 1_, i1 1,;.:, Lt11 -

q11 1·:-.t i 11!i

\\ 11··11 tl1·· e L 1:----11 : 1l L1 11_'....'.,t l : t ,'. . '., •':-i ari·
Jii" 'iid 1· if111· , t(11'l l . l•i ·_i• L[J11 11-.. ;111 ,~ · · a lld

t•1

l~

j d'1 11\tl ;-> !'

1;11 1_

l j• i-1 11 .

l ' ." ."! ' !i(i;1]

,,f

1• 1iJJi·; 1li•1 ll

lw111 ;tl i1· _..; _

.'- 11 t 11 •'

11 1

j •f" L1J •t1;--··.[

:--t111 l.'·

( 'tdl1',~ ''

till!"

i 1:1:-- J:-\

gu ag·1·

r, '...:t df ~

f~:·

nt ·;t l'. l 1a \ "1· 11 ! it

~

Jii• \ ·11111\

.~ j

I Jl J!

\ · 1·1

11 f

L 1l't .

I w1·11

:--: ~· t 1

(> 11, ;-:. ~,",,;/<
i/ 1.'.11.i1·1rl .

lii ·1· ;1l

T li . 11 ;1

'I' l 1:d

i.11rt1p\ ' ; 11 1

{ ' ;1r 1.1 •L1

\\ill

i 11 l ( · 1·111 1I

/J, .,,/111/, ;/;/ 1;

,,

\\';1!

1:-.

·I

! 11

! !1•·

I 11i!1 ·,!

~l :tl" :-;

~ ' j.; l i

l1lll

lH

IP llw

.\ 1w1 1 ·1il:-\ .

Butle r.
'

'

'

l

1

\\" lll Sllll !! ;t

\- l~

I

ll ll H'

{ 11

'"

1

1·atj'I! ! ! lt' l l"illll.

.....

iicc1 11 1,.; 1• \"11\I ti111ii;: II

lll'a r

;1 11d 111 :1 \ . 111·\(· 1·

,i,, 111ii

11·! 1i 1· ! 1 11·1·

I)

I

l

i '"

i,,.

t

~ !'

\"ii

;

11 ' ( ' ;

frt1i L :111d

t.li:it

111 -.il111id··

rn11

11· ill

Yn11 n .:f 11 ,.; 1; L1 > i 111· .- >' 1· 1·t1 11 1·

1

!'

ll'

l" 'I ''"

111
";:

\11 1! 11 .,ili l '"1!1··1 ·

\\" t • l' t •1·11,:..;·:1\/.t '

ll\ ' 1, · ;11 1:-.:.1·

t 1 l 1•

•..

J.,. ,...; , ·1 ! l· ·il

J:1 11 ll1t

I 1! -..; ( .

\\

I.:. i I I

i .

tl1 .1: i

: 11

t 1I

' \ \

,,
"

I t,, .

11111d1·

t11

111T111 :

ill

tl11·

L1 ,.1,.; .
.!

J

; 1!11 .

l 11 1 I

j1

\\

{ 'l. lJl l( •:--;

d \ \ ,\: t t 1 I

l ' i':l I 1) 11

J11i!f

\ 11 11 ·. i t 11 1ii .. 11J,, . ,. 1·11 11 1 <•!·

t 1ll'

!1 ·: 1 J" J i

;l .'-1

\ \ ' t•

:ti'\'

J\r l\ \ '

11 l

j\

l!! 1\ \

.i ,.,. jd,. i l l<'

\\'c s 11all _:..:,·u u lt u l.ll'

j t1" 1_1\

1111t.

Lt i : ;

ti11 1I

it

II

:: I J..111 .~·

Y 11 11 1•l11 11I ii [I"!' \ '
11· 1 i I

:.CT " \ \" 11j • t"

I ii-,•

(,,

n·iq1

111 11111 · 1·

111

l"<'l"li1i 11 s l1wk s Jy_: -

t l ie

lw n dit.

! \\

! '

.t 11ltl'lie_\

j I I~.:· t JJt•

f ! l" 1 1J t;t -

11 111'." !1 11 11 "iw1[,. ,1 ·

~tn inni_rl\·L;t

id cd \\·itli

( ;,,1t·rJ1i11 .~· 1111r 1• n· .,.; 1·1 1t 11,.1 i1111 l.1 t

L1---d. Y'"I

;111 1

.,.;11 111 111 J1 ll li• ·l"! ·,i«d 11 1 J\ 11 11 \1 · 111-'.· Iii<' j", , i

f,,.

j>1 11 i11il1 il1 1.\
f ,11i\\1tl 1 ii~

11 "< " l llil j; ,. ll j1 ll \ 11" 1111111 \.,.; 111 il>Tl'j d 1 111· 11!(111-,
I

y :. 1::
'

1·: ·,. ,,. 11l. f.! 1· 11 11•!

biii11 ·. f11r :111 1'.· 1•1111· 1·i 11 1 11"

nr

l ! ..

d

\Yilt'll

-

-1:,,,,;:.~·

s l l"I i I"! I I!,.

itllt-11qit 1r i l i

lllill. l11ii 111 ·

-~

i!-ij~·~-iii
·-·.... -

illlli

j>1-., l111l11i1t1 .

\\1":1tl11T 11· 111 111· l 11 - 111 11 1T11 11.

Y1 :ir..;.

\\";1 :-; J\1J U\ \ J 1

Li\·

l 11\ ·\ i t:1 l1] ,.

'l' l1at. .\ l:i r.-: i.< l11 i::: l11l1 •1i.

'l'liat. Ll lT lri cil_y

1

:\,C'.·i 11 11 . 11 1· :1n· i«111fr11111<'d 1111!1 1 !1" • 1111 ·,.;11 · •11 ,,:· 11 !111\ 1j, ..

IH · .\ :11 1•·\1

w;1 !1i 11 · r·x.·1q' -fi ': "

\,· (l.

, , f • j ll •·,l i• 111 ,.;

\; ' '"

i l ! '. I 1: \

s1:1"1t111,.;

li 11·

r, .

11 11 sl

;1 1..- 1·!;11 11 d 1''.;T•·1· 11J"

]' l ' ;

( ' "" '' '" ' !•).

i \l l

l ; !> l ! !l l 1 ' .

s1 : tl l1 · lw '. ·111 1.i ii ii 1· '.;T <' " 11f 1•1-.1li;tl 11 l 1I .\".
l j1l

l>i : l ;\ TI:

l ll\'l ' lltJ.~ ;t_~· ;ll!I

<! 1wsl 1111 1s ,,f 1· 111l1i1!11 !1t.1 11 1",. s,,1111 ·1!1i11·-'.·111 11 1-. ·

<j l l !'·,1 i111 1,.;

a111iliw 1·

i11 11 ~r 11l 1 :1lfl1 · 1 ]i;1:

it 1·\lr1·111 t ·l y

_\"(>\ II

lll l l t l H ' llJ :t l l l ' l;ttl

:\!;11 11·

~=--·

tl1i11k

\ · 1111

!l l"l ' \ . t '!l1

! '
i l! l0-~i :qc
•.

I I1),,. d 1>

,,~.

d t t t · r1111 11 t · i l1t ·

>'ii\- . t ) 11· 1·!111 11 1·•· .'. 111111

ii

J'1·,~ l , :i! 1 ilt t\·. t ir.

t!itll'.;. I'

(ll l 1·r«11\, 11111 l111p111·11 111 a

1J11;,.; ill1.J

n·r1;1 i 11

111;i111w1·

:1.--.; \\~ ·

li11h
'J

'> l. ti ·11

•·t· tt . ii

'· -.~

1 !)8

E\'l.: ry irnpe r fcd inllu cti o11 i:-; m e rely lite cx prcs:-;ion of a
proli<Ll•i Ii ty . E very d ed uct ion carri ed Le yo nil the range
(1f ad 11al t'\ ['c ri (·lln: is like wi :-;c 011!,r a J•l'Oiialiili ty .
Tlicre i:-; ;1.11o t hc r l'lia,.;e of tl1is 111a tt e r. Th ere 1:; a
pri ncip le of l'ca:-;onin g, lww t1 litai1 wd we L·a1i11 0L lii::;euti:;
li L·n·, \\'l1i cl 1 dt Tla l'cs t l1a t " \\' L' lllll:-; L treat cq nals equ;tlly,
and wl1 at " ·e k 1111 w of 011 e t·ase may lie all-innc<l of
c 1·e1'.)· case rcse mlil in g- it i 11 t lie 11 cccssary t:il'e nm:-;ta nGe::;."
( H t:oursc ('X }'l' r inH·11t. rna _r lie IH'LTs,.;;try to Ll l'Le nnine
11·l1etl 1n t l1in gs arc eq11al ur 11 ut, hu L s tartin g \\·it.Ji Llii s
jl l' i1 )('ip le 11·c calc ul ate probal iili!it•s 1ri t l1un L cx i'eri111e11 ta t iu11. !11 tlt~e d in man y t"t"L'" tl1 c l:Xpt•J'i1n e11 t pro ves
llo tl 1iI1p: \\'hall'n· r ill rq:~; ml tu fut ll l'e rt's nl ts. - it only
pn 11'L's t he p ri1H·i ]'h:. 1 tuss a pt:111i y i11lu t11 e air. It
l1as Lwo s iil L~::i a 1Hl so far as l know tl1 vy a re C<]Jt <d . I
kJt uw iL ll' ill fa ll upo n oJt e sid e or tl1 e otl1 e r. Tl1 c oLher
1·1 11J(lili 0Jt,.; I do lll> L k llo w a nd ea11 1111 L co11( wl , ;u1d ;;o I
say tl1a t tl 1c I'l: is u11l y a11 t.:\'t'll t·l1a1 11·1: tha t. tl1 e lw ;u[ will
fall ll j•['L' l'll lll"t. Sup pose it fo ils s11 . l t· o11<"l111 k nothi11 g ll"h a tcn·r fro m tha t in n ·ganl to ti ll: 111a11ncr in
1\·l1i t· li i(. \\·ill Lill a "1T1 1111l ti111l' . S11pl'11s1· I l""S it up
tc 11 !i111 c.~ a11d tl 1l' 11\'ad 1·11111 t;s 11]' li l'c ti11H :>' , tl1 e tail
live ti1Jt es, 1·a 11 I l'l«1 ~ "11 th at it will lie s11 tl1 e nex t
tv n t i111 es '! :\ot a l all. l k 11 (111·, e<1t· l1 ti11 w I tuss it,
tl1 ;Lt th en• i,; ;111 cn·11 l'h a1w e o[ t li e licail ct ll11in g 11ppcrrn o::;t. T llL'rd1 11\· it i .~ e 11 t ird y p11ss il1l e tl1a t it will
1;011w u ]'[•el'll ttJsL tt- 11 ti 111 cs in ,.; 1ll·CL:::;sio11. B11 t Lieeausc
t.lie Cl 1;u1 ccs (/(• ' L.:1T 11 I ,;: 1.1· tl1 at ;; ucl1 a res ul t, tl1 oug h
p o:-;s ilik , i::; i 1nprul 1al1lc; tl1 a t it i;; m ost prul i<dJle tliat
] a; ;i d a n1l tail will 1·al'i1 1·u 11 H ~ iq1p1· 1·1n1ist fi1·e tirnes ;
t.11a.t Llt e nex t g rcakst pn.lial1ili t.y is tha t one ll'ill come
ul'p nr n1 ns l s ix t inH·s a11 d t ill' 1i! lll'r f1>11r ; tl1a t it i::; rn o::;t

l•EB.\TI·: .

l !i! I

irnp rnlJal1lc t.h<Lt eit.lt c r one will co me up te n times i11
::; ucce,.;s 1()Jl. By ;; uel1 la1rn of me re pn1l1al1ili ty, 11·itl1 n11 t
a 11y ii l'g ree 0£ l'e rt ai 11t_y \\'h a te vcr, are we co mpelll'1l ("
<lctl'rrn ine <L llwu ,.;;uHl ad s of 0 11r e \'l·J"y day l ift..
'J'hu11g l1 ofte n a nta Uer uf 1na lh e n1;t!i1·al l' tll l1J 111 tat i1 i11.
se ri on::; erro1"K 11a ve liee n inail e an1l the re is rrn 1111 ftl r
arg n111 r:nt e: n ·n l1 e rc .
Tli t:re is stil l rn orc room for arg 11rne n t i11 ('a Sl'S tl1a t
a rc ll (lt suscq 1LilJlu o( 111a.tl1 e11iati cal 1k111 1J11st ra ti o11 .
T a kt.: a p rop hel'y, as fin· c X< llll['l c tl1 ;lL t l1 L· 1rn rld ll' il l
come lo <Lil e Jt<l n1· xL \\'eek or in tl JL: ye; u· ~ 00 0 , or l\'L
;;um e in cllilJt'r 11 [ tli e ch s::; write a prt1 ph et'.1·, and t lw11
1k lia te 11 po 11 t l1 e proli;d1ilit y of it::; l1l' in g- f11ltill cd. ( lr
ta.kc ;u1 y eune 11L Jt c w,;]'a]'cl' rep ort t.l1a t is of a ,;11rlJri s in g 11r sc 11 ,-atit1nal 11at un : a 11d a rg·ue frn111 a11t e1:cd e11 t
]'l'Olia.Liili t ie::; that it is or is no t trn e. ,.\rg 11I11 c11lati rn
e xe rcise;; o f t l1i s 11a t 11rc n1ay lie lll<lll c extn:rn e ly i11 tc rc:; tr
i11 g a nd in st rn ct in!.

~E('TIOX

111. - PEl{S lT :\SIOX.

K\
l'EltSI I ASI \'I·:

EHCl~E

L \ ' I.

I llSl'OI i Ii SE

I:\ <;I·::\ !·: It,\ L.

S1tl~j1 ·rfs :

lla rn \\' ,• :l. l'nd1• o f lln1 wr'I
'J'li,; ,\11 wri ca11 Fla,t!;.

s .. erds

uf

l'o111J>li•t e

S 1 1 er·p:; ~.

l, i 1· i11i;.

' · C'o11d11d. is thn •(•-fo111tl1s 11f lif,:," ' says \fa lll1ew J\r110111. A 1wllil'l' :rnw11ds tl1is rrnd says, "CuHdu ct. is Llie
wl111le of lift.. " Li\'i11 g 111e:rns smnetl1illg more tl1:u1
he i11g; it. Jlll':tlls so11wll1i11g 111nn: tl1a11 kJ1nwi11 g or heli,:vill g : it rn1 ·a!ls a.c!io n, eo ndud., be havior. Th e llla11
wl111 ];11ows wiLl1011t. :Ldi11g· 11p1111 t,ltat ki1owl1·clg1: is as tTll s 11r:tl 1!,: as tl1<' mall w!11J a.et.s witho11t, kn1J11· ll' d~e. J\nd
wl1a(, clnes t!H: Apos tle .l:Lines say of LLit.!1 witlHHIL
works'(
'J'l1 e ofli cc of p<~ rs11asi n· discm 1rs1• is t" arousn llH.' ll t"
adi1111. Exposition, ll' e sa id , presrqip"ses srnne deg n:l'
"r ig11om11ec 011 t l1 e p:Lrt. of t.hose addressed, and argn111c11tatio11 prl's11pp1JsL'.-; e rror. l'!'rs11a,.-;ion pres11pp<1s1 ·s
i11diffen·rwt·, ina.vti1 m, or rnisdirl'eletl :u.:tion ; it :qqH':d"
to tlt e \'111otion'4, t l11• fl'l·lings. Strnnge as it s1'('lll'4, Wl!
rn:1y know a tr uth, 11·e 111ay firmly believ e it t" he t.rnth.
arid yl'l, fail t" lake it l1orn e to m1r,..l'l 1'e'4. to a(' t 11p1m it.

l -J u•J

11 :2 .
t<> Ji n : it, tn <'nncretf' it, a>; it 11'<·n·. i n 011r daily <:011duct.
\\' e know it, '"" :-::i.1·. l111t 11·1· l'ail t11 n ·f/li'z1· it.. Tl1us we
k 11 011· tl 1at tl1t· l'al'lli is a11 i11 11111· 11 s t' s 1il11 ·rn 11·liirli11g
t l1rnni_;l1 >' \•a< '<' al il l1 i .~· !1 1·1· l111· ity, l111t 111ily ,.;1·l il!1111 r]n we
l'l'al i.z1· it. ;1111! it J11ay lw •1111·s ti11 11t·1I 1r l1l'tl11·1· ,.;11111e wlio
k1 10\I' tlll' Li..t <' \'l'I' r\'ali1.l' it at all i11 till' ,.;1·11 s1· i1 1 wl 1i.J 1
111 1· :1str1111111111·r d111·s.
!11 lik1· 111a11111 ·r 1n· k11111r, <'Very
olll' 11!' 11s, a;-; 111>sitir,·l.1· ;1s 11·,. k111111· ;11 1 yt l 1 i1 1.~· · tha t
·""'111< ·r <>I' la t1·r 1q: sl 1;11l di,._ l11 1t 11 11l y at rare i1it .. rnd .. ;
""''" tli:it Lll'L pn·:-:1·11t. i bdf t11 11 :-; i11 its f1ill si.~· 11il ica 1 1<.:e .
\\ ' e :-:pc;ik ()r i t anti 11Till' .. r it a l111 11dn·d ti111<·:-; t() once
tli:1.t 11·l: al'\. 1111011 it. , \11d "" 11·1· k 11 i111· a tl1rn1:-:a11d
tl1i11g"" 1r itl 1 ;t :-;11r L o f 1111i·"111J 1n· l1 1· 1Hli11 .t;· k1111 11·kd gc, a
k11u11 · l<:d~·,. tl1al 11·;t<ls !11 1111tl1i 1 1 .~"
~tr; 111g· ,. i1il1 ;tr111n11 y
nf tl11· l1 111 11a11 i111<-ll1·..t ;111<1 11·ill '. ~1'1 .~· 11ati1111 is 1ka.th,
11·1· :-;;1 y ; a1 1d n·t 11·1· ,.;t;1 ~· 1i;1k 1111<·11111 ... n 11 ·tll y 11 l1il1· ll'e
sl 111tld l' r at a11d sl 1ri1 1k fr11111 a1 1tl n·l11 ·l agai 11 ,;t. dcatl1.
Di :-:11l1edi1·111 ·1· t11 tl11' Li1Y,; 11f lwaltl 1 is sl11w ,; 11i1·id1· ; 11·1· dt1111.\ 1'11r a 11111111!~ 111 •1111·sti1 111 tl 1P tn1il111f tl1a l; ;111d
y('t l\'l' g •l 1111 dis"lw1· i11g i Ji.,,_,,, l;111·s d ;1y afk r day like
i .~· 11 (11';11111 1 ,;1 · ,.; 111· sk1·j> lin;,
H11t 11·1· :11·1· 111·it l1 c r 11111: 11 or
tl11• <J tli 1·r 1'11r 1n· k11<>11· :ind 11·1 · l11·li1·1·1·; \\' t' :-: i11qd1· wil l
110L :te l - 1r1· an• 1'11111:-: .
:\Lt nifl:':-:th· t l11' l'l' is ;t li 1· ltl f11r l'1·rs n;1..; i11n. ;11 11! nrnnifl' s lh. !1111, 1lf all t lli' 1·ari1111;-; f" rn1...; "r lil<'rary art t.l1is
n1 ;i.1 I"· 11 i;1tl1· tl 11· 11111,.; ( j>l'adi1 ·; il ;tncl l11·l111'1d. It. 1rill
Ill' n11 111i:-:tak1•11 1•11.!1·;11·,11· t1 i t1 11·1 1 in tl1i:-: din•di11n all
tl 11; k111 111'11·11gT anil 111i11·1·r 11·1· lia\'<' g; 1i1ll'tl l1y t111r j>l'l!Vi1111 ,.; pr;w(i1·1 .. !11 t'l'll l'l' iilrat t• it 111111 11 tl1i,.;. tl 11 ~ s11p rc rn e
a1·l1i1·v1·111 1·11 t .. r lili·1·; 1rY lal1°11-.
Nii 11111tl1·l 11·ill 1>1° g·i Y1·11 lwn" It 11 1:11· J,.. 11 t1t i"'·il t l1at;
\1·l1 :tl 11 :1,.; j1 1s t 111·1·11 1nil t1·11. tli 11 11 .~· l1 11st1· 11,;il1l y L·x1111;-;i -

tory, i:-: largely p c rs11 ;1sivt~ in character. H11 t it wa:-:
writ.ten 11·itl101 1t any 1·11 11:-:t,i1rn:-:111·"" of an a.tt<•111pL to 111 aki·
i t s111· l1. Ir it l1 as l1< t.:ll n·ad 11·i1 11 t he Sallie llll l'l ll lS!'iou;-;nes;-; ,.;o 11111 c h t }i , . lid ter. If' it h as i11 tl11: ,.;]i ,i.;h Lt!sL
degree in:<pirecl ynu to al't, Lo w ri te, to ;t!t1·111pt in parLi l: 11 hr to p e rsuad e o t he r.-; ln ;H·L upo 11 tl11·ir k1 1oll'it-tlgt!
a11cl li1:lids in a tl11n1:-:a111.l 111;tt L1· rs of eve ry day lif't·, tl1e11
it li a:-: no t lJt.:e1 1 writt1·11 i11 \'ain.
0

EXP. l<C JSE L\'IL

1

/\ 1 d~j1 ·1· f:·;:

\\' l1y .J,1 I \'o •vd l:x1•r1·i,;1 · ')
\\' it.h .\ II Tliy (;,,1ti 11 ,t.; C..t. ! '1 ,. k1A a11di11g. - l 'r"'" 11· : 7.
s ,•JJ'- l'r" St 'l'\";\lio 1t is \'alt1r; •'s Firs t. L :L ll'.

i\ I.oti n.•;-; of pri vat.u a 11 tl Jll'l's1J1ml in terc,.;t a rc 1· 01tfes.sedl y d.:t e rn1in aliYe i11 111os t of o ur rmli11:1rr cl e lilJe ratio 11s <U1 1l a.etio 11s . They aru doul1t] p;-;s strrn1g·(·r with
snrn c tha 1t with ot hers , a11cl it is often 1lillir·ulL to s;1v
just hn11· Ltr a man s li;tll Id these e1111 s i.J1,:rnt i1111 s r·a1TY
him \\'ithnut la.1·i11 g l1 is a..tinn ope n (!l th e l'l1arg c (1f
sclfi,.;hn css . Tl 1l're is ;L dt·~n· c of ego ism. a ,.;l·lli,.;llJles ...,
if yn u 11·ill, t]i;d fl•11· of 11 s pn ·:-: u111 e tn lilallle. l'l1il osnph e rs l1aye '1L·1·1an•<1 il 1at. st· H-pr1·,.;,·n·;1ti .. 11 1.~ llllr flrsL
d11 LL . \ 1Hl 11li o ll'!nii d fi11t1 L11ilt 11·itli ;L lll;\ll f11r
sueki11g- s<· l l'-1·11](11n: ;1 111! :-:1 ·lf-;11 l1· ;1.11cc m un L''
1'1·rs11;1.,.;i" 11 tl1aL w1111 ld ;11·1'1111q1lisl 1 it .-; 1·11d Ly "l'l't·;il"
Ln llll'."•' 11111tin·s Jllll,.; L ],,. 1'111111d ed u111i11 a ,.,Ludy anll

II I
k 11 o wle dg'l' o[ hu1na11 11atur1'. \\rv ll\11 sL know tl1 e
people to \d1om we :t]'pl·al a11d ll't: 111t1st 1'<1ry O lll'
:tppe;d s l o st1it the ir 1·ari11us i11tt·n ..sts.
Tl1u ski ll!'ul
1111l ili t·iall W<•rks nn 11 111 · !ll;lll·s f1Tli11gs tlm1ugl 1 ltis
priil e, on ;utotl1('r·s tl11·1 111 g lt liis l111·e of i11d e pcmlen ce,
011 a1wtlin's tl1rnugh his :l.\'arit;l'.
( H <·1111rsc t l1 esc
a p p1·:ils arc o ften 11wde 11·ith unworthy ('llds in vi e w.
IL i,; rnily 11l1t•11 the nhj<: 1· t is a \\'urtliy on e that tl1ey :ire
j11st ilialil,!. l\11r d1ws tl1:1L 111 t·a11 to ,;:iy tl1 ;1t. a \\'llrtlt y
e 1t1l will jt1 s lil'y a11y n H·:i.11s 11·l1abrn:n•1', hut tltaL t lie
}'art ic 11hr 111t•;111s 1·1l11!t-111l'lated l11·ru 1·a 11 s1·;1n·1·ly J.o
()!I t' ll t11 ,!._!'l't' ;lt 11l 1jt•< ·t io11. ; \ L tl1 0 \\'()J'S (. il is <111h· Ltki11gad1·:u1(;1 g·1· pf llll'll·s f:1.11lts f11r t li t• ir p11·11 ;111d oll1 t> rs'
.L:"ll•Hl.
Ir :l lll;lll Jl()tori1111 s ly ft111d of l';\Sl' :Jlld i11;tt:li1111
1·an 111 • rnt1s1« l tu adi1llt 11,r pLtyi1t .~ ltj'•lll tl1a L 1·e r.)'
11·1•;tk111·ss, 11·ltt·rc is tli 1: l1 ;u·111" ,\ 11d l1es id1·s tli;1l, as
\1 ·1· 11: 11·1· sa id , tlll' l'l' :11'0. lll :L1 1_r ki11ils and d1· g-r<·1 ·s of
1· .~ "i s ti1 : 1lt-sin·s tl1;1 (, <':1t1111it 111: 1·;illvd httlh.
l l« rn i,; :1. «asL: i11 1'11 i1i1. A 1« ·rtai11 st nile11L was
lti .-; l1 l' :dtli by t•111 s1;1·1·t« ! 1111·11t;d \\'11rk sttppl e111 .. 1ilt•d liy tt )( ) littl l'. l'l1ysil':tl l'Xl'l'«i .s 1'. 011 tl1t· S('O J'C
11[ l1 !':1l tl1 l1is fri 1·11ds t'X[H>s lubtl'd 1rith l1i111 i1t rni11 .
But. wlii•Jl it, 11·;1,.; n ·1•n·s1·11tl'd (o lii111 tl1at if lw 11·ould
d t:volt: Olll'-tcnt h or !tis tilll(' t11 l'X l' l'l'is1; Ill: \\'Olll tl
111.1ttrn1 .~

:i tc1 111 1plish lllOl'L' and l H' ttl'I' 11·"rk i11 till' n ·111a1111n g11in c-t r 11tl1s tl1 a11 lie «1111ld otl11·n1·i,;c• a1T1>1111ili,.;lt in the
\rli ol 1 ~ ti11 11'. lw ,,·as 11 illi11 g lo rn;1k1 • tlt1· 1·xpni1m~ n t.
Tl1u s l1i s fri .. 111ls dfcded tl1at in ll'l1il'l1 tl1t '_1· 11·1·n: «l1i('lly
i11!1 ·1·1•s ktl 11y l1oldi11g- f111 -t l1 a11 i11dt11· 1• 1111·11 t of a \'l'l',1'
dilTl'n·11\ . «1 1;\ ra dl: r -- tlll' 111il y 11111 : tl1:1! ;tJ1i" "tl1 ·d (o tlH :
s t11d1'11L '.s s1·Ir-i1 1tl'n·,.; ( a s !1" 11·;1 ,; jdl'a.svd t.11 1·1111,.;i1k-r
it.

A 1·1·1·: .\ [, '!'I)

l'l·:w.;u;>.: ,\I.

17.'1

I '.\T l·: 1; l·'.S T .

Tl1a t i,.; tllln of tl1e Sl'L'J'd,; or d'i«·,-ti ,.,. JH'l'Sl l;L>ii1>11.
J\11otl1 e r is tltis. If yu11 \' t· 11t11n· L11 :q>jll'al Lo ;t 11111!.irl'
,.;11 l'llllS[ii1·111111sl y ,;1·l li s li a.,; to lll' tlll\\'OJ'tl1 _r •.1·011 !Jill.SL
e ither c111 1L'l·a.l ll1 e f:i..t. t ]1 ;1.(. yo u tl1i11k it. 1111 11·11r1 l1 y 111'
else i11 s1111H: way in g1·1 1iot1sl.1· <'<))H;c;tl t lie fa d t l1 :1L .\ 1111
:tre <l]'pcalin ,g ln tli <· 1111'1i1·c at :di. ll11t tlll're i-; ahra_ys
t lw d:111 g·l'r 1liat ingenuit y c' \' t: ll i11 a g·of)(I 1·:t11 ,;1' Ill a.}'
il1·,;t·1·11d tn ;1rtitin-, a 111l tl1ou g·li s111:l1 mdl101ls :trl' fn· t·l y
1·111pl<l.\'l',] in l1ig·lt pbce,; ll1 ey al'l) 11 ot :il11·a1·s (tt 111:
n ·«11111111 L· 1111L-d. :-;,.1f-re,;pe1;L sl1ould lit' i11 :1i11t:1i1ll'il ;1L
a11y ]'l'in:, a11d i[ tl1l'n: i,; i111 <1ll1l'r 11·;ty o f l'llt'l.'!i11g a rt
ol•j L'l't cx cc> pL 11_,. :111 :11'1 11 •al 111 l1as1' lt11>li \'1•;; it Jll:ty l1u
lwtt('I' in !li e <·1111 (n l('a\'l' tl1 l' 11lijt•1·L 11111 ·fl«·l'l1· d .
;\ !11·li l·:tte wa1· of p1 •rs 11 ;1di11g ot.lll' rs is (11 prl't1·11il to
lie l'c•rs11:ltling· y t111r,;t·IL Tl11· s 1tlij1·« t "\\' J,y d11 I l\ 1·vd
EX<'l'l'is1: '! ., s 11 g).~'\' : 'h tl1i s 111l'll111tl of pr1>« e d11 n'.
11 1 ;1 111·
ca;; e th e :11ldn ·s,; lll't: •l 1111 (, lie dirl' l't. .\ 1· a"'' ll1 :1y Ill'
as,; 1t1111·d :rnd tl1 1• IH:rs1111 allllrl' s,;l',] Iii· (l'lts!l'd to st'l' tl1t·
,;i111ibrify lll'(.1r c· 1·11 l1i .s 1111·1t 1·a,;1" a11d tilt' ;i,;,;111111 •'1 11111'.
Fal1l1·;; a11d J':l l':il1l1·s an : c11111n1111ily 1«111 ,.; tn1,.(1·d 1>11 tl1i s
pl:t.11. Or din·«L ;1ddn·s,; J11ay 111" d1· 1· 111t«I tl11· 111 " ..;(
t·•i,~1·11(..
'1'!11 : 1nl'!l111d 1i11rs111«I 111t1sl d 1·1w11d 1>11 till'
ti11H", tli c j•L·rso11. tlll' 11 :t! t1n" 11f ll1 c :1p1wal. Till' 11ri1111·
rr·qt1i ,.; itt',.; ;1]'(: Ltd :111d tl1 e ;iliility to re ad 1·liarad1 ·r a11il
to di1·in e rno!in·,;.

A

l'LJ·:. \

Fill:

~l()l \ E

1;1-:1\ l·: lL\I.

l \:<l'l:t .( 'TJtl :\

I\

l'llY:-;l l) L<H:\'.
:t11\·u111·

do11ld .. .:. t}w

1'1111da11u·11!;1l

If

J•ri11 l' i\d P:-;

li, · i11 .~- ,

li•t

lii111

\n11k

1d"

:111

111' 1d1 _\ · :-. i1ilo .~·y

;1.-.:

i i 1q111rL11w1·

:lr<>ll 11d

a11d :-;,.,.

IH1 \\"

;w111 1:1i11!;1111· 1·

\\ itl t l lw

a

1·11111pl. ·!··

r11a11 y

1111 •:111 .. ;
1111·11

11·

:111d

\\'1!1111·11

(';u1 li11d i11 !lliddl" 111· l:til'I' li ft' wl111 :tr<' tl1 .. r1111 ·~· lil y 110·11.

Ill'

Oc« '1 ·

17Li

J'E J: SU ,\ S lO~ .

sio11a ll y <J11lY dn II'•' 111 P•·I. wi111 a11 1•x: u 111 110 11f vi:.;·.,n; uri lH•tilth
1·i:inl in11<'d tu nld a c:•· ; l11111rh· .i, , 11·,. 1111°Pt. wiLl 1 P.xa1 111.!Ps of acute
disord1·r, cl1rn11i,. ail1111·11t , g·1·11<•ral ,i ,.\, ilit y , pn·111;Lt.11ru dt'cl'l· J'i luil.
:'<'a1·c,. ly is il11·n· "" ' ' L11 11·!11111 1 ·'"' 11 1>111 111<' lJ llPstio 11 , wl io ha o not.
111 tl1 1• l'1111r ....;1' ut' Iii...; liL·. L r1111 .:..:l11 11pu1 1 hi r1tsl·lf l!J 11 e:-:sr1:-; wliidt &
lill l" 1'1.1<111·!,.dg.. wu11ld l1a1·,. '''"""' l1i11 1 fr1 1111. lft' n; is a !'ail(l of
rock.
ill'art. ""'''"" '"" "l'<[ llt'll t 0 11 a l'i1<'11111al i.: f,.,,. r l.lmt: fo tl 011
kss <'Xl"'" lr<'. Tl 1" r" is al':\.~" ni' ".""" sp.. i! 1., ) fur !if., hy uverstudy.

.,,d

) 1•s t 1·r1 L1 y

1 !11 ' acet111 11 t w;\:o; n( {Ill\'

\\'!111;-;1·

l1i1 1g·-1•111 ] 11 riii g·

laHit'll

was l1ru11g·!tt. "" liy cu11 li1111i11 _c;', ' l'i1 .. ,,f 11 1,. [•ai n, to 11 .,,. 11 kn
:if'Ll' r it. l1ad li,.1•11 .'<lig·l1tly i11j11 1-..,I. ,\11d l<J-da y "''' a 1., , t. .. ld of an•
ul !J,. r wl 10 l1a -< li ad l.o ]j ._. l,_,. f,.1· Y"a1·.-;, iltTall s" 111• clid 1101. kuow
t li; 1L t!tc- J•al1°itati .. 11 '11' s111l .. 1-.· d fr«111 '" "' 11!1,.,J fr, 1111 ort'rtaxed
l rai 11 . \'1111· 11·" l11·ar of a n irro·111•· ·li :tld ,• i11.i111J tli; 1L f11 1l nw 1;..J Rom
~illy 1'1 •;d, uf :-.l r1•1 1 .~ ·tl 1 ; and. ;1 .:...:·:1i11 . <if a 1·1111 :..; iit 1dior 1 U1a,L has IHWt.lr
r 1·1·1 1\ ·1·r1· 4I fr111 11fi ll· 1•ff1 ·1·f ..:. ,d· 1•x 1·1· ....;;-; j\·1· \\11rl.; IJi·1 ·1l11·s .. ; ly llllih·rf aken.
0

\\' l1il 1· Pll :ell ,; i11"s ""' K<'<· tJ1;o i"'"l"' l11:1! 11 1i11" r ail1111· 11 ts wliieli :~
ft.1·liJ,.11,. ~ ...:..
0-'cd. l11 1lw1·l l 1111 1111~ 11aL11ra.l pa i ti, tho
\\'t•:1 ri111· ~ .-.:. flit' g· !~ 1 0I !l. IJ11 • W;1 .... fP or l i llll' tltH ! llltll lt' \' IJ111s t·td.aiJ ed
1>11h· 1·n11,;id .. r 111111· .t.:T•·a1l y ill -lw:i llh l1i11d1·r.'< tl11• ,ji sc liar>:• ' o[ al;
<'1111111a11y

difli.
1'1111: l"""l11c1 ·' :111 irrit :tl •i lity fal: t! lu 111" ri .·~· l 1t. 111 :11 1; 1 ~·1 1 111 ro 11 t of
r·l1ildn ·11 : 1•111 .-: 111<' f1111cli< •l1" uf ,.j1 iz,.11 . d1i1• 111 11 n f 11 1;, q ll l'Stion,
:i11d 111:1!;0•,; :i 11111 .;1·11w11I :i !. .. 1-.-. ls ii lto• L l' lc·:ir 1li:.t. t.1 11 , .i 1y, icnl
1
Kii i.'< - !':tl'f!.\· <> Ill' f<>rt •f:t fl11 ·1·.-;" a 11d !':tl'll.l'<tll\'fl\\·11 - ll' l1it:l1 J' l'OtlllCO
111i ,; ill -l11·:t!tl1. d •d11.-I \ll t11"' fr,.111 ""i lljdl'lc· li1·i11 .c;· 1.11:111 a.11ythi 11 g
"'"'• a11.! t .. :t gn·:il. 1·\l1·11t. 11 1;1k1· !if,. a J.111-.!"11 i11 Hl1·ad of :i he 11 ed11l i1 ' ..:. - - 111:tl..:1 "' l111."'i 11 1· ..... :. •1l°l1·11 i11q •11:-.:..;il.l1· a 111l

ttlways

ltJOre

tions a. n~ eu1 11111 u 11 ly 1111d1·r111i1 lt'd, a11d l1r1•a k do\\ 11. 1011~· J.,.f,1 r• ·
I.heir t i111e . And if we call lo 111i11d 11.,"· fa r 11ie :L1 · 1· r a .~'> · d111·ati«11
()( life fa lh l>t• lmv 1111: j>l)ss il1lt: d11ral i1111, m· SI'•' J1,,w i1111111·11,, • i,;
the loss. \\TJ1, •11, 1<> t.hc· 1111111 " 1"''"' l'arlial d1•, l11 t: l i" 11 " whil'h \,a.J
nlth e nt ail s,"'" add t!ti .-< ;:; r,.at fi 11:d d .-d 111·li .. 11, it. rl'~iilt:; tli:1t.
otd inaril y, rnnr1· l.l i:tt1 0111•- l1alf .,f li f,. is t !trn w11 :tll'a\' .
Hence, ki1owl1 •cl~1· whicl1 s 11l s.. rn•s dirc·cl. s•·lf-]<r··s•· nali 111 l•.1·
preve ntin g- t lii s !11,;s of lll'alth, is uf pri111ary i1111'11rt.a111·... \\' 1· d<>
not co 11 tl' 111l th <Lt 1111.ssC'ssic>11 o f s11<' l1 '"" " ' lv.J~,. wu11ld 1'.v :111_1·
means wlitllly 1-.·1111•1.ly ll11: ,. ,·ii. F ur it is ck ar Lli:d i11 .. 111· 1·1"·"' ·1t1
... ~base of riYil i zatlo 11 11w11':-; 111T~· :-.:-1 il iPs ofte n eon q 11·! t IH·111 111 I r ;11i:-;~
ress . "\ 11d it. is Glea.r f11r Lh"r t li;tl .. e\'<' n i 11 t lw al · ~·~·11"" ,,j' ,; 11 1·li
\\1111\d fr1 ·q111•1ttly !1 :;. lil 1!11 ·111. ·"'I,it
-of t heir k1ic1\\·lt-·d gP, to ::.;r1er ifi c-1· f11111n • g'fJOd to pr1 ':--P 11 t, gTal ifit·at ii111.
llut we tltJ cn 11 l.1·11d 1li:t t. l.111·· ri:,;·l1t k11 .. w l..tl g<' i11q·1·1•,;.-:,·d i11 tli" r i :~l it
way wo 11kl t•IY .. cl 11 111 c l1: a11d " ." f11rtl11·r l.'u11t .. 11d tl1:1I a.s ti ... la "·'
of li L·;d t.lt J11l1 S f l w l'(' Cdg' lll z1• d lH.:f11]'P till' .\. t';Lll \11• f11 lly 4' !!ll f11['1!11'd
to, t he in1p a rli11 :..;; uf . . 1H·l 1 k11t1\\ l1·~l gt• 11 111..... t. 1•r1·1·1·d 1· 11 11,n· r;1li1H1:il
1iving -- co 111 1· 11·!11·11 tl1:1 t 111 a\-. \\«· i11f,·1· tl1at. :i,; 1i~·n r"" ·' l1,. :dti1
and its aecu 11q1a 11yi1 1 ~· l1igl1 :-. 11iril :-1 :Ht..~ L.1rg1·r 1·l 1• 1111·1it :-> uf l1a1 11i11 1>:-':-i
th::1n a ny nll1" r t!ti1 1g.-; 11·lt aten• r, t hfl it-al' hi11 .:.; 11 <>\\ to 111:1i11t:ii11
t he111 iH a t<.·:1t·l 1i11 ~ that y ic·l tl s i11 t1 1u111 e 11t t .. 110 ,,f !w r \\'l1:tl1·1·1·r.
And, tlwre fv rc·, \\'1; ::is~<'rt . tli:d. s 11cl1 :t 1:1•1 11·s·· ,,f 1·!1_1-., i .. l".C:'.\. " " is
needful fv r t.11" c<>111pr,.],..1 i,; i1111 .. r its g-.. 11 .. 1·al t rn1 l1.-<. a11d t J,..ir
d:iil y cnt1d11 cl , is a11 a ll - l' ~S < ' lllial l'art u f a rati u11a l
0

0

1•

1

0

Lwt io11 a1111 a. I d1• :1 s 111·1 · '!

'J'., all 11 f 11 lci.-11 add 1111• f:tc:I ll1;1t, !if,·. l«·,; icl ....; l .. •i11 g t hus imdt'f1 ·riur:1t 1•1 1. i .. .; :d;--;o l'llf. :-.l 111r l.
I t i .. .; 11 0 1, tru e, as we
1·111111 11 11111,v ~111 1 1111 .. .;1 ·. t l1; 1f a 1l i... 11r1l1 ·r <1r a 1! i . . 1·;1:--1' fr1 11 11 ,,·Jii ch \\'e hare
1111·1 1....;1 •!\'

n·1·0\·t·n·d

11· :1\ ·1·;-;

11 ;-; ;1:-;

< · 1111r :-;1~ 1d' tilt' f1t11t"li•11i :-;

lw f11l' • '.

Xn di :.. lt 1r l1;1rwi: · nf 11 11 ~ nonual

.·111.·1.1· :111° I I1·: 11-.· 11 1111
· :.;"' (;,act]y as
tl11•\' \\·1· r1• .
I11 all ('; 1 ~1·;-; a Jwr111a111•1it c b r 11 : 1 :~·,, i .. :. dutH· - not im1111 .. lial ··lr :lJ•}•l't'l' i:ilol•·. it 111:i.1· 1,,._ 1·111 'till 11 ,,.,., .; a nd. along with
otl 11 r s1H· l1 ilt'11 1,; " ·l1i l' h :\at1 11·1· i11 lll'r ,;l ri l'L acccrn 11t-l; 4• 1·pi ng 1iever
drops, will ti·ll Hg· :1i 11 ~ t u :-: tu tl11· i1writald1 · s li11rt c ni11 g- 11 f o ur days.
·
· i .,, :1ct' 1t1t11il:1ti1 >11 .; of ,; 111all i11j11rieH it iH 1!1a (; const itu1

1•; 11 1 ]··· ' ·'·'

Strnn ge ll1.1l ll11• as~l'rl.i1111 sli1111) ,] 111•,..J 11i:tki1 1g ! Slr:in~•' I' Ht ill
th::1t it s lt01tld 111·l' d cl,.f1·11di11 g· ! Yc•t 1'11'1'1! arc· 1111 t :1 fc·w hy 11'11«11 1
such a pru1•0, ifi.,11 will lie n''"' il'l·d \\' ii. Ii so 11 wll1i11 g al'pruac hi11 g· to
derisio n. ilil' 11 \\·ho wv nld l1!11 s li i[ ca 11 g·!tt say i11.:.; 11.J1 ig-•'11i:1
instead o f l l'l1i .v;1 •1ifa. or wo 11ld rl'sP11t as a.11 i11,;ii\1, a11y i1111•11laliu11
of ig 11 o r a,11 Ct' rt ·s 111·d i1q..!,· Ll 1 i~ f;dd1 ·1 I lal1 f1 rs 11f a faldt·il 1l1·111 i-g11d.
show 11ot. ll11• s li g hlc•sl. s ha. t111: i11 t'0 11f1•s.'< i11 g- 1ltat. 1111'." d,, ll <ll. k11 <!11'
where t it <· E11 ~ t:u; hi :t 11 t 11l11·s a r1•, wh at are ll1 P :l<'li11 11 ~ ,,f 11w " l'i11al
co rd , wli:1 t. is 111 1" 11on na l rat e .. r 111tl s:tt io 11 , u r l ww tl w 11111 :.;-s an'
• infla ted. \\' l1i l1· a11x i11 11 s that th1 ·i1· Ho ns sli (Hd .J 1,,. '" ''I I 11 p i11 LI""
s upe rst.iLio 11 ~ ,,[ two 111ousa11cl y1·:1.r..; ag-o, t.!11.0.v can· 11 1J1. 1lmt 1.l11ey
should Ill' 1a11g li l a11 y l!ti11 g aht1 11 L tl11· ,;1rn...t 11 n• a11d f1111 d ir111s of

. \I' I 'I·:.\ L

t.lit·i r

o\\'11

I ~rn li1·s

-

11a.\·.

would

t·\·1·11

~ti ,,,.t'l'\\"lit·l111i1q.,:· j.., tl11· i1itl1 1"!H'1 ·

ril.l_\'

i11ot1r1·d11(':tl io11

dot•s ll1t·

<1f

d i~a11prun~

s ue Ii

i11sl,rnct,io11.

1·:-.l;ddis~H·d r(J11ti11 e

11rr1:11111·1ital

!

~o ter-

o\ . l'tTidi~ th,~ ll.'-iefnl

!-

// , ,-/lf'rf ,'".;jlf "fll' ! /".

EXI·:l:Cl:-il·:
J'l·: J::-il '. \:-ilO\'

L\'111.

J:Y ,\J ' l' l·:. \L TO SCl( ' L\L lll'TY.

:\.'>,, fl .\"" '"'!' 'J'm1wtl1
l' ll 11 j \ ";i!1 ' ( \ Jll J"l !' :"\_\' .

.\11·:1 .1 · \\ 'ra tl1. - l'r1>\'.

XI':

1.

Tl1.· J·:x1•r" i.'i" of l11 1"lli .~· """'' i11 \'"ti11 ,,~·
Slt:ill " "' Fo.'iit' I' tlw Sj i1·it .,f l'alri11ti .-; 111 '1
0

F1 •11· ii' :111y .ii· 11s li1·1· 1·1itin·ly t" 0111".sd1· 1~s; we may
tli l' n·l"1n· Ii\'\; 1·11tin·h· J'"r 1111r,; .. ln·s. J\s long as
111· 1·1111ti11111· f,) I)(' tilt' >'•H'i:tlil .. 1·r1·at11n·s \\'e an· ;11111 lake
1il1·;is 1m · i11 1111111;111 1·111111i;111i1111.sl1i11. S•l 1"11;.; sl1all we
1"''"'·"~ 11i 1.1 · tl1;it tli1·n: an· 1TrL1i11 d11ti1· -; 1\'l1i1·l1 11·1· nwe lo
111!11 ·1·,.; i11 :1d.Jiti1111 !11 1111· .J11li1·s ll'l1i1 ·l1 " " ' 1111-.· !11 1111r.s,·l 1"""· :\11.J j11.st i11 1•1·11p,. 1·ti1111 ;i ,; :111y 111a11 !'llll('l< ll'US
11f tl1is :iltl'llisti1· d11ty a.s 11:tra111111111L l" tl1e 1·g"istic
l!ll\' 1.s !11~ ltail1·tl a'-' j1l1ih1t!l1r"pi,.;t, ['lilili1· l11 •1wl'ad11r,
p:t!ri1il, llt'l't•, 111;1l'tyr. ']'o; ,.;; ty that tl11 : s1 ·lli.s l1 a111l1iLion
11! ,.; l1 i11" i11 tl11•,.;1· r<>l1 ·0: i,: i11 :ill .. :1,.;1 ·,.; tlll' ll':1d i11g· lllnlin)
j,.; t" 111 :ili .~· 11 l11111 1:t 11 11: 1t11n._ t11 111:1k1 • 11w11 "11t. m11re
0:1·! li."!1 t l1:tll ,.;111111• 11!' t Ill' l<>ll't'I' a11i111al,.;. Tlll',.;1 : ,.;oeial
il11ti1 •,.; ;i1 ·,· a,.; a n1l1 · 1·ltt·1·r!'1illy 111 ·1·!'11 n111·d :llld •111ile as
l!ftell fr., 111 i11sti11..t :I." fr11111 tr:1 i11i11.~· a11d l1 :tl1it. Tlt 1·.Y
r;111.~-. · fr"111 tl11• 111111Titl1·11 h11·,.; 111' 1·1111rt1·,.;y tl1at are
oll,.;erl'(:tl i11 ou1 · e1·1·1-y day i1lft'l'l'lllll',;1: l11 t.lt l' cud es whi ch
111>t

Tl l

I: ELI 1; IO U :-i

I>l ' T\'.

bi1111 together inLo 011e political a.1111 ,.;(Jl'ial "rga 11i zat i.. 11
elltin• 1"1mmuniLies :tllcl nati ons.
\V 1: re1 .. 1gllize tl1ese cl11tie,.; :1lHl :ti'(' 111 1i1l' 111:1111 willi11g (11 fu!Jill t.ltern. ,.\1ul yd, as 11itl1 so 111:1 11 y 11tl1n
tl1i11g,.;, " ·c ""1netim1)s fail tn reali ze tl1em f1ill.1· : 11r
we l1ave :t wrong l'llJ1 1·1·p t io11 uf thelll; or 11· e 1J('g l1·d
;1.1111 f11q.~·eL th1_•ni. l l t· 111"; tl1t: 111;t:('o:,.;ify 11f fn·1 1 11c·llt a11d
a11d ,.;lrnng l'ern i11dc ro:, :111 d lll'll t:t: tl11: 111·1 ·d 111' n·ft1rn 1.. r,.;
;u1d 1\·fo rn1,.;.
\\'lie11 a11 appe: il 1,.; 11 1ad1~ [11 s•wi:il tl11t 1· t llt'n· i.s 11"
ll UC IJ of !'il ll C(•;tli 11,c; tlt t< i'ad, f11r if 1111 0 ki11.J 1,J' a1·l illll
j,.; 111o rc ge 11 e rall y lw1 k1·d 11[•"11 :1 s . 11r;ti,.;c·11-.1 rtl1 .1· tl1;111
a11otlt er it i,.; tl1 e 011t· i11 11·l1il'l1 110 sl1adm1· ,,f s1·lf-i1it 1· 1-. ·,.; t
i,.; di,.;1 ·ernil1ll'. Tlie tl:lt lll'C u[ th e apjH: al 11·ill dil'l'cr
::;rn1w11·liat. a1:1·"nliug to ('i rc11 n1 s ta1w1 ·s ;1 1111 11l1j1 ... t. 11
fll <L.Y lie tl1:1 t we l1a\' e Ull1·1J11,.;1: io11sly Lq o:>t' d fr11111 a o:t 1·i1'1
lll1,.;1· 1·1·:111l'l: of a l'lain 1111ty a11d siJtijiiV rn·ed a t i111d.1·
r e111i111lc-r. lt rn:i y lie tl1a l 11·e an: i11,.;1 ·11,.; il1l1· t" tl1t ·
ex 1gt· 11 e11·s or !lie nwrib .. r tl1 c ease a11d 111·1·.J to lw
(•1iligl1te11e\l a 11d a1-.111 s1·•l. lL 111ay 'lit~ 111:tt tl1n111gl1 a
111i ,.; 1111d1·1·,.; l:1111li11.!.; "r 1111r d11t .v 11·1· a1·., \\':1.s1i11 ;..:· g-11.,.J
i11fto11ti"11s i11 Llie 11' ro1 1g din·..ti•JJI <111.J 11t'l'd (., l1v ,.;l'(
riglil. H 1nay lie tliat 11 c w eu ndiLio11,.; l1ri11 g wiL11 them
He w ol lligatio 11 s wliil'li we n eed Lu lia\'C pn·o;e lll l'1 l to us
clearly and !'Ogcn1ly.

EXE!{CISE LlX.
l'El\SUMitO:V BY Al'l'EAL TO 1u:u r;1ors lll_;TY .
S11l~/1·rts :

\'irlue Its Own He ll'artl.
TJu, Spirit of l1i111l1 •r;u 1t:t:.
C'n1 .. ll.v to ,\11i111als.

The Sacrc•lll(•ss of Life.
La ,·k of H1·1"t·l'l'l"'" i11 ,\11,..1·i ":lll
Yuutli.

180

J\l'l'l·:, \L TU

Tl1e rnost of u:; \rill IJUL l't:>< l l'OI 1(1.:11( \\·itii !lie per-

p ossibl e

cha,rg-e

1kl

HELl(;J() lJs IJl. .. I'\'.

of ,.;11nli<l selfisline:;::;.

Tlit: reflln : l11

f"n11a11" l' of 11t1r .1111 it:>< !11\\'aJ'd (Jlll'><ch·cs a11ll towar1l

eo1npol'L witl1 t l1 is cl1i11 ·;1 1·lcr, tl1 e lil11g11age a11d sty le ul'

\\'c f1·1·l tl1a( if tilt'J'e is >'ill'l1 a thi11g

eu111 posi tiu11 ,.;] 11J1tli1 I 1u J'e\'Ul'l'll (, il ignifi l'cl, l11l'ty , a11 1l

<>lll' f1·llt1\\ ' ll H'Il.

as d111 y at all iL exk11d,; fiil'till'J' tli;111 tl1i .s.

l'_y ing

(Ir

i11sti11d.

11t11· sellisli

a11d s1wial

yeL t1nsati .s li1·d, --

iw;ti11\'h

!111~ relig· i11u s.

'!'lie ::;ati:;-

tlwn111glily

l1·aves u11e

arg111m:11L

\\' e r eeog niz e

011 t li e 011<' ha11d tli e li111itati(l11 111' lllll' J><111·ers aml the
fioile 11 c:-s 1d' unr i11t dll·1 ·L a11d 011 tl1 e otl11:r l1a.llll the
\\ ' 1· k111J\\' tlw l111p vle;,;s-

s1 111 :c l'e .

Tl1 u

f11llo\\'i11g,

L1k 1·1 1 J'rn111

a11

~111 · 1w1·r oII tliu rl'lali v1 · \'al111: 111'

liy I IL:l'ln :rL

ph:;t f"r
Llte st udy uf seie n ee ;1ddressc1l to all wlt11su st.: 11 su 111'

vnl'io11s kin1ls of k110\\'kdge, is 11radica lly a
r e ligiu11s duty !ins

e1111Lrnlling intlu e 11 ee 0\'1·r tlH'ir

;t

ad ion.

Ill'SS 11!' k1111\\ i11,g· L:\'l' l'dl1i11,g·; 1'1111\\' tl1at t'IH' Ltrtl1 e r we
l'Xk11d Pill' l'l"''''ll't·l 1 tl1<· 11111n ~ tl1i1 kl.1· d11 tlw 111 ystt ri es
l'l'11\1·d \1]11111 11,;

till' d1 ·1·111·r d11 ll"'y grnw, tl1at ea1.;l1

;111d

di s1 '< l\'1• r,r i11sll'ad <•f 11 a1 Te>\1·i11g tlw rcal111 uf th e u11-

L:"tly 111: lia1·1· tn a"1·rL-:111cl tli e as;o;c"rt.iu1111"ill , 11·e clu1ild 111•1.
'""' ''' e:dre11 1e s11rpris,. - l.li:d. tl1• : cl isc ipli111· of sc il'lll'l' is s11 1•·ri .. r
tu tl1a L uf ulll' ordi11ary l' cl 11calion, l .. ·ca 11 se of tl1e o ·llyiu11s l'lllt11r«.
1lia t it. g-i\·1· :-; . ()f c<;11r;..;1 • Wt' du l111l l wn ~ l l."lt' lhe ·word.-.; s 1·i1 · 1il if i t~

k 1111 11·11 is !1111 a l'ul'tl11·r n · l'l·L1ti1111 11f it s \·ast 11 1•,;s ; a.1Hl

and l't·lig iuu ~ i11 tl11·ir 11rdi11ary li111itt·d ttt'l'1·plali1d1 s; l111l i 11 tl1,·ir

lll111· l1ef11re a11 J11lt'lli g·1: 11l·1· tl1a L s11 i1di11ill'l)' ll'<tll-

wid .. st. a11d l1i ,c; llt':<L al'l'<' l•l:di1111,;. IJ011l ll L·ss. i u ll1e "'l'· r;.; titi1111s
that pa~ s u11d 1• r tl1t• 11<t11 1•· uf n·lig i1111 , st· i \' ll LT i;-; a11 l agu11i :-:t ie; 1H1L
11 uL Lu tltc ess1·11lial reli ,c; iun \\' l1i1: li tl1 .. s1· s1q .. ·rst it i1111s llll'l"l'l ,I" l1id ...
])u1tl1tl('s:<, tuo, i11 11111«11 of th e <'l'i••1 1,·e tl1at i;.; c11rr,·11l, tl11·n· i;.;"

\\'l:

s1·1·11d,; ot11· 1111·11.

\.\' t · n·ali1.1· tl1a( \\'1' an· !J11l i11.si .g·11ilica.11 t

p; 1r(,; 11[ tin: ,gT('al \\'l 11.J1·. a11t1 tl1is l1ri11 g s \\·it l1 it

;L

n· ;tli zati1111 u [ a dtd\· 111d 111il.1· !11 1111r:;1·ln ·,; a11d 11ll1ns
lik e 11,;, 1111! also to till' l1inl i11 1111· ln·1·. tl1l' ll11\r 1· r in
tli1: li\'ld, tl11: :--l1ell

Pll

tlll' s l111n" a11d t11

tlll!

l'11\r1·r Lliat

\\·11rks i11 ;111.J tl 1r1111 gl 1 111 .. 111 all.
'l'l 1i ,;

il111y

takl's

111 ;111 y

\l"l'

f11n11 .s , -- 111111-i11kl'ft.n:11 ee,

pit.\· llil' 1-;1.g·1·d l1ird. a11d skp ;1sid\' lo ld

tl11: 1111 \\"('l' ,gTO\\' 1111l1al"llll'IL a111l tn·a,;11n· ilIHl ,;t11dy !111:
1·11rio11,; .s lll'l l "!

\\ 'l1y d11

\\ "«

,;(a111l i11 ,;il1 ·11t a11·c 111' l111rst

i11!11 "l"111l;1111·11 11s t l'ilnll l',; 111' ad111irat i1111 l>dore tl1e t1·1Tul's
and glori1·s

ol' ll1c 11;1.t11ral world·:

111·n· adi11 ~ :--p iriL
li ;i....;

pf irn ·ligit111; hu t 1111L i11 t l1at I r1w ;-;c it· IH.T " l1 i('l1
l"' y1111d tilt ! ;-; 1q11 ·1'fi 1·i; d i11l11 tlw 1•rul'111111d.
fa1· fr11111 :-il' it· 1wn lwi11g irr1·li ;.; ie111;-; , ;1 s 111 :11 1.\' I l1i11k , iL i;-; t l1 v

pa:..; ;-;1·d

~o

1wg·J1·t·L uf

ki11d1ll'ss . ,;( ' l'\·i1'(', ,;uh111i,;siu11, Ion·. l'<.!1·1·r1· 11 L'l ', J1rn1se .

\\'lt_\· d11

0

IL is t l1 u g ratili ea-

tion o[ a n·li.~-i()tlS i11 sti 1wt, tilt' [>l'l'fill"lllill1t :1: of a re ligi1>US d11 ty.

J\11 appeal l11 this <1uty is tl11 : lofti est app e a.l tl1at e an
lJe 111adl' to rn:t11 , ,; i11 1·1· it is L1l'tl1t' s L n :1nuv e 1l fr1J111 an y

s 1·i1•JH.' t!

t l1 :d, i;-;

irn·li .~· i o 11s - -

:-; 111Tu11111li11 g t·r•·ali«111 llial

it is I lw r1·f11;-;al l.IJ st ud.\' 1111 '.
i:-\ irn·li g i1t11s. ' J'akt ~ a l11111ild t~ !-i it11il 1..

:-;1q11•11s" •L writ1·r 11·,.n· d«il ,v sa lid ed ll"it.li ]'l"ilis1·s <'u11 c l1ed i11
s 1q 11·rl;t1 i \ "C 1:1 t1 ~· 11 :q.:;L' .
.~111 'I '<1 st~ t lu ~ \\'isdo111, t 111; ,g-ra11d t; 11r, t 111:
lw;11ily uf ]ij :-; \\<irk ;-;,
a1!1ln· :..:H· d f11 lii111.

\\'1'/'f.!

:'.111

1

tl11· l'11!1 sl;111t

l1111i1· :-;

uf

tl11 ~ l' lll11g i1· ...:

J•USl' tl1i1 ...:t> wl10 1111t. :1·i 1:-i i11 .:..~; l _y 11tt 1· n·d tlw ...;1:

11f
111<·11 1; a11d li;td J1L·1·<" r "i'"11"d tl. l' 111 , 111111.: !t k,;.; tr i, .. 11 .. 1111d1•r,(a11d
th1·111. l\'lial \"a h11 ~ sJi.,11lcl \\'e ]•li t lljH>ll th ei r 1•1«1i ,;,·s'! \\' hat.
,; J1 .. 11ld \\'I' t.l1i11k 111' tlwir ,i111·1·rit y't Yd , t:ulll}'al'i11g s111:tll tl1i11g.,
t·1il11 .:..!· i1· ;-; 11n Iii:-: \\'ork ;-; \\1·n· l'1111t1·til. \\ ith l1.1<Jki11 g· at tl11 • 1111l :-. id1 ·...;

to gT(• ;tt, s uch is tlie C'o11 d11c t uf 111a11ki11d in g-e111·r;d, i11 n·f1·n·1wt ~

to 111., l"11i \"l: rs1· a11d il s l';uise. Nay, iL is wurs•'. l\'ut u1dv d11
tl1"y j><lSS l• y wilho11L s( 11<ly, Ll11·S1: l11i11,l!;s wliicli Llwy 1lail y pl"<Jclai111
tu 1,, ~ till wu11•ll'rf11I; l•11L 1·ery fr'"l""'it.ly t.lll'y cu11de. 1111 a~ 111 .. r.:

OHATO l.t Y.

frifli ·r.-< 111 ""' \\·h n gi Y1· fi11"· lo fl1t• r1 l1.-;i· n ·atio11 of Nalure - t.hcy
;lt'l11:1 lly ~" "rn tl1"" ' " ·1111_ ,- hP\\' a11 y :idi 1·., i11l e n •sl i11ll1t sc 111arreb.
\\' ., l't'J><':il , fl11 ·11 , ll1al 110L ,, .;,.llt'< ', ],uf, 1·111 • 11· ·~ l1 ·e L ,,f ,.;cie11cc, is
0

l>1.~ \'uli111 1

11Tcli gin: 1;-;.

to

:-.:1·i1 ·11<·i·

is

;i

la cit

\\11r:-d1i11 -

a. tacit

r1·n1h·r1iti11r1 of' wnrf l t i 11 tlw tl1 ir1 ,:. .:.·."' .-.: t11di 1· d ; and l 1y i 1r qdicatiu11 i11

tlwir

('itll :'•'.

I t.

1...;

1 1 r1·~:-;1•d i11 :11 ·ti1111 :-: -

111d. a

lll l' I"•'

li11 - l1 t 1111a .~~ · , 11111

r11d, :L 11 H·r·· 11ri 1ft.,...: ;-;1·1I 1'1 '."" f,('t· I,

a l111 111ag·e ex-

IHt L

a l'e:-\p1..'. et

pr11\·i·d h,,. tlw ~ ;1t·ri!k t• of ti 1111 •, llic111 .~ lt1 , a11d /;i\1 o r.

the Ab solute it.s attitude is lrnmhlc - a tru e prirle an<! a true
humility. Only t he si11cc re ma11 of scie11 ce (and by t hi s ti tle we
do not rn ean the m ere calc ulator o f rlistau ces, o r an;llyz,•r of co 111ponmls , or la bell er of spec i.,:;; 111t hi111 who thru11 g li ltJwe r tru t hs
seeks lii g li t>r, a 11J ev1' 11L11;tlJ y I.li e l1i g lu;:<l') - 011ly 1.lie gn11ui11c' n1 a 11
of sc i1>.11 ee, we ,.;a.y, c:a11 t rnl y k11nw li nw 111.t., rl y b1·yo 11 cl, not on ly
hurna11 k11 ow lctlge, 1ut l1u111an co 11 c<~ pLi o 11 , is th e l.J 11i versa l l'o wer
of whidt Nature, autl LifP, anti Tho ug ht are ma11 ife,;tatio us.

·~ i i r i.. .; ii tl111s 011ly tl1;d tr111 • :-> 1·i1·111 ·1· i.·• 1""·"•· 1ili tdl y r1· lit:,·io11 s . ]L
i;-; r1·l ig·i111 1:--, 11111, i11:1 ~ 11111 ci 1 •I."' ii. .:. .:·1·11,·r;tlt·:-> a 111 ·111'111111d r:· ~ 1·11el. Ju r,

:11111 a11 i11 q di .. iL L1i1li i11. tl1""'' 1111ii'11r111 la\IS ll'l1 i" h 11111!t>rlie a.II
tl 1i 1t.~· s .
f;y ;1t· 1·1111 i 11 !:1t1·1 I t.'X J11 ·ri1 ·11 c1 ·s 1111· 111 :111 of :--;1· i1·1u ·1· aciptiri·s
a 1l1ur1 111 :~· i1 1H'li ·f i11 t\11· 111it·l1a 1 1.~· i11g r1 · L11ij111s o f 1'11v11u111t·11a - in
tl11..: i11\";1ri;tl~k 1·1\J1rH·f"1 i1111 11f 1·; 111...;1~ and f'o 11 s1·i i11j•t1L't ' - - i1 1 tlw
JH·1·1·:--sity i1f ~·1H1 d or 1•\· il n· ...; 1111 :-: .
111 :-'t ead l)f tlw n ·w; 1rd..; a11d
J>1 111i., J11 1,..1 1f..; ,,f traditiu11al lwli1·i', \\ l1i 1·l1 1110·11 1 · a .~· 11· · l y l11•i•e Lh".Y
111ay g·ai ll , 0 1· t'~1· :1pt.'. :-:11ilt• of fl11 ·ir di ...;11 l t.· 1li c1H:t•; 111 • li11d:; tli at

EXEHCISE LX.

1

tl11·n· :1rr• l"t'\\" :trcl s and 111111i :-:l 1111i ·1lfs i11 tlw onlail1 l' d c..·011~lit. 11 li or1

,.f tl 1 i11 ~ "· a11<l 111:11 11 11: n il 1·, ·,;1i\h ,.f di ,-,. l,...Ji .. 111'<· ;m · i1 11 ·1·it ;d 11.,.
11 St'l':-i t l1 :d 111 l:t\\" ,..; !11 wl1i r·l1 \\t' 11111.-..f s111.111if, ;1n · 111 1L u1dy
it11·xoraLl1· 1 111 l 1t ·twli1·1 ·1 d.
Jf ,. Sl't':-i tli a l i11 rirl111• ()f flH· ...;~~ la w~,
1111· pr111·1·,..;:-i 111' tl1i11 .~· s i:-; 1·\· , ·r l 11\\ ;1rd a. .L:Ti 'illt •r l'\'J'f1·c liu11 a 11 d a.
l1i .~· IH · r l1 ;q 1p i 1w ... :->.
ll 1·11
11 " i .. .: l1· d 1· 11 11 :-- L11dlv l o i11 si ...; I, 01 1 lill'!"'U
L1w s, ;111d i ~ i11di .~. ::1 1a1d. \d1°·11 11w11 di .. ; r, ·~·;1 rd I lw;11,
A11d t l111 s dot ~~
Iii ·, l y a .-..:s1· rti11 .~· tlH· 1·t 1·n1 :d 111·i1wi1ilt> ;-; 11f tl1i1 q.~·s :111d ti lt' 11t· 1·1·s:-;it,y
1

1•

•

1

1· • ·

1

of 1·1;11for111i11 .~· 111 il11 ·1 11. pr11\·i· l1i111 :--1· lf i1ttri11 ."' il'all v rt·li:...:·i11u s.

T., a ll 11 l1i .. l1. :idd 1111' f111·1 Jw r n·li g i111" a»J•<'<'L ,', f ""i,'.lll't', tl1at it
:tl111w t-: 111 .~· i\' 1 • 11.--t lr1 11· 1·1111t·t·1 1li1111...;

ttf 1111r:.: 1·h·l· ,o, ; a111I u11r r1 ·L tti o11 tu
tJ1,• 111yst1·ri,.,, of 1· s i.<l "ll('t'- ,\I t lw :;a11lt' ti111t · 111 ;1! it ,-; J11J11·, ll ti a ll
\1·l1i ch •"a 11 J,.. k11t"l'11 , it. ,, Ji,rn·,; 11 .-; fli t' li111it..; J,.',\' t111d ll'lii 1· h \IT>. ca11
k 11 uw i1(1 ll1 i 11 .~·. X ut l 1.\' d11 :...:· 111;tl it: a:.:,. ; ,·rl io11 dlw .. ; it. tl·acl 1 the
i111p01;sib ilit.y t>f <· 01111'rt'llt' 11di11 g f11t, 1ilti111ak 1·:111,.;,._ of thi111-;·s ; liul;
iL l1·ad, 11s .. 1.. arh· 111 n· cnc::11i z1· this i111l'''"' il·ilily by l1ri 11 ~ i 11 g 11s
iu t'Ye ry din·c ti(1J1 to 1H11t111L1rit·:-1 w i• ca1111 o t e ro~~ .
lt n·alizes tu
us i11 a \l'ay whi1· h 11otlii11.:..; Pl.-«! ea 11, t.h<! littl1·111 ·ss uf hu1 11 a11
i11 l,·lli;.;···111•t• i11 th ,· fat'e .. r tJ1;i L " l1i1·h tra 11 ,,·,· 11ds li11111a11 i11 t<·l lig0· 11t'< '. \\'hi l" l1lll':irtls I J11 , t rad it in11' a11d a11t.horit.irs of men it8
altit11dl' 11 1;1y h1 · j•l'1J1 1.J, lwfon· th" i1 111•e11..tr:dd· , 1·e il ll'hic l1 hid es

ORATORY. -- OCCASION AL

FOR;\f~.

8 11!'.}1,r:ts:

Speech rn C'11111111 c111 ora ti o n of \Vashi11 g to11's BirLhrby.
Lo ng fel low',; Il irt.hday.
l>eclarat ion of J 11di:1 "·11.Jcncc.
Addn·ss fo r Arbo r lhy.
Me mori a l I );1y.
1
(

tJJllllH'JICt'llll' ll t.

Tha11ks g i1·i11 g-.
On 1.he lf nvP ili11g"o f a l\l<>1111111<'11 t. 1,,, (;1·11 1· ral Cra11t.
l>cdi cafi<>11 of the Pul>ii c Lil1rary.
l'rcs itl e11 L's I 11a11gu ral AdJreHs.
!:'pccc h in H.espo11sc tu the T oasL, " 011r (;11 p,;t,."
" ~1'h e Pri zl ·-wi 1111 t·rs."

"0 11ce Upo1 1 a Ti111e."
" 011r FuL11rt._"

'\Vhile Expo::;ition, Argumeutation, and J' ersua.'iion
n.re d earl y (1is tinet, it i::; j11st a:; impm;::;ilile tu keep them
always separate as it i::; to k eep Nanation and D eseriptiun ::;cparatc. A 11 t.l1n ~c are ofLt ~ n t:11qil11yc (l in tl1c
sam e (liseu urse a11d there is no reason w11y they :,;lwuld

l'EltSUASlON.

O lL \TOltY.

n ot lie. ~till for con v eni e nce we may wish to
ti11guish th e diseu ursc as hdonging to one el: :;11 or
oth e r, and tlll' 11 " ·c shall have to Le g nicbl by
seems to lie its pr i11 cipal olijeeL, whether it i:s in tt>f
to in f1 lrn1, tu eurrl'et, ur to arouse, whether it aim1'
e xpl a in a fad, to pron.: a st:<1tem cn t, or Lo i11tl11cnc
adi(IJI. \\' e lia re seen (hat all argume nt rna,y llO ,
l'ffot·liv e s11nwli mes if m ade up allllost wholly uf
s it iu 11. In l ih : lll•tllll CI' the elllb of p e rstHL~ion
often Le cfftTted liy ~i 1n1i le eX]JOS iLiun ur a rgu1t1rut,
liy ,, eornlii11atio11 of t he Lwo. '.!.'he eitaLiull from 11
~]ll~ n ec r ill tl1 e las t e xe reise conhtincd scarcely a 1lirc
i "'rs11asi vc \1·11 nl anll yeL it was offered as ;m cx1
t1f pe rsnasin: 1lis1·ourse 1JL'(:a11se its object so manif
is Ill mo,·e peopl e to lay rn ore stress unscientific slu
ill unli 11 ;iry pi]1watiun.
Tl1 e \>J'l:(' ise 11wthud a1lopteLl in :my c::u;e will UP
on 111a11 y r·n11si1h•rati o11s, - on the gen eral eham<:t
tl1 e pns011s a[']'l':tk1 l t .. , ult t he ir pre::;ent aLt.itndl
fee l i1w, tlll the ki11<l of adion d es ired, wl1 c Lher cn hn
,·i1.!t·1t t, i11111 1c diat1 ~ or rt'tn oLr., c t< :. Tltus far we }~
lrca L<.' •l of J H ' rsuasiY!~ 1l isl'u urse that is wri tLen [I.II{\
1t-11decl t11 l" : n'a•1. 111 s111'l1 t.h e calm er ex pository II
a r•rttnw1itat i \' C nll'll1otls are v ery appropriate. \V
,1.; !·nnH', as \rt.; n ow il n, l1i th e more onl innry f
1111t1n ,\'l1i1·li tl1is style nf tliscoi.u se is fo nml , dcclr~
t io11, o rat ory, the;;c nwtliolls will 1rntu rn.lly fall into
ht<-kgro11 11 !l i11 order to g·i \'l) more pro1ninenec to d.i
addn:ss :tllll stirring appc;ds.
Jt. lia~ l ie \'ll said th a t <•ratnry is 011 Ll1 c !lceli1 H•, ll 't
·w e l1avl: Jii l rnon : C'i1· e ros, l'itts, B urkes, \ Vd lN~ ~.
He el' h ers. l ' l' rhaps t liis is Lrn c in a cc rt.ai n cleg rec. Ji
~

'

18.S

well ue that the exte ns ion of printing, makin g it
' ble Lo appeal at once to a vast, audien ce in nearly
y part of t h e wod<l, lta.c; clwarfe<l t li e im po r tan ce of
ry. vVhy sl1 ould people cro wd t h e galleries o f
ongresH io nal hall s wh e n th ey can read the speech es
their coffee t h e n ext morning? Or wl1y sl 1011lrl a
kcr a<ldress a llllndred p eople h e re and an other
drc<l tl1 ere, wh e n lw ca n with f<O little tro11hl c put
11pcech in print a 1Hl address tho usands ?
ut uf cuurne the p ec uliar cha rm an<1 val ne of orato ry
not dead. P eopl e will st.i ll be m ade to liste n \\·ho
ld never b e nmde to r ead, and p eople h ea rin g \rill
aroused who r eading would sit unm oYell. Anll rn c n
king will still fin!l t h eir to ngues ti1Jped with a
wl1i ch would n e Ye r irradiate th e point of the ir
' or is the ne ed fo r oratory past. A fe li citous re. e to a toast will g iv e ;t li fe, n. characte r, and a uni ty
}. dinner-pmty that nothing else ca n giv e. In n"
fitting way th :u1 hy a forv e n t specel 1 c;-m we d edibuildin gs aJHl co nsc rra.Le e n te rpri ses. lrnLU g ural
sses, baccab11rea te ntl<lresses, L al1nr-da y speee lws,
orial sermons, Fonrth of .July orntin 11s, - al l of
occasion;1l for ms of o ratory we still <le maml, to
n othin g of t h e fo rms J'('g 11 Ltrly practi ced i11 politi cs,
law, the ministry, e t c. It will he noti ced that in to
JF°At) of these forms t h e clem e nt of perHtms ion scarcel y
~ !lll at all, but s in ce tlt cy co me und er t h e ge neral
of ora.tory it see ms best to incl ud e th e m h ere.
Th following plain li11tgnu:e [ul speech wots ddi,·c rell
public di nner in l'hibll elpl1i:L i11 18.fG liy tlte H on .
ue l B rec k, \\·ho pres id ed. Th e ad<l ress is compli-

'I
I

,I

180

187

l'ER ~U ,\SJON.

ORATOltY.

m e ntary l o Dani e l \V ehsLn, in wh ose honor the dinner
was gi vc11 : -

per so n:illy among us, \\'liil e li e was y f1 t walki11g in hi s stren gt.11 i11
th e l'a th s n r a SCC' Jl(li11 g t h,• !wi g hts o f act.iv,) p11hli c lif1., o r s la11cli11 g "l"" i t lic·111 , - a.11d su 111a11 y o[ tli e good a11cl wisi ', Ho 1J1a11 y .,f
tiw \l'i H1·st. a11d J,,·st of n11r C'<> ll1> t ry, fro11 1 all J•arts .,f it , tJ1111i g J1 l
he had l itl l' lu th e g rl'at oll ic" .,r 0 11r syste 111 , a11d wu 11ld ha\'t' had
lti111 fornia ll.v prese 111<'<1 for it , - it \\·as fit that. thu.-;e wh o luwcl
;11111 hon ored hilll sli n ul<I 1•11l•li t.:l y - with e ffort, \l' itli pa"'io11 , wit h
argi11111·11t, witli •·o n te11lio 11 - 1·•·t::d l th e st· 1·i,·s of !ti s St' n ·iees. liis
life of <·k\· at .. d lahnrs, fi11i sl1t'<l a11d 1111fi11i s lwd, di s l'la y l1is l:trge
q11:tliti1 ·s of ckll»H:kr a.11d 111i11d , :L11d c;o 11111:11-.· l1ii11 , su 1111·what, i11
:di t li l'se t.lii11gs, with t li e gT<'a.t "" '" • hi s <:t1111pdilors fu r tli e gTc·al
]>l'I ZL'.
'J'he11 was tlwre a halt.l e to be fuu g lit., a.11d it wa:; 111,edfi il
to fi g ht it.
A11d so, a g ain , in rt ht <· r d ay , wli il e o ur hl':ll'ls \\'e re yd 1i1,.,., ]i11;{
\l·itl1 t.111 ! s!' 11sc of rl'ee nl loss, a 11d li e lay ne wly J ea<I in l1i s e l1 a 111hr• r, :1 nd tlw l1e ll s \\'<'rt: t.1lli11 g·. a11cl hi s g r rL n~ was o p<' 11 , :rnd t hu
s1ll1li g l1 t uf a 11 :111t11111n d ay was !'<tiling· 011 tl1at lu ng f1111<·ral tra in,
] do ll <Jt s:i .v it \\·as fit. i>1ily. it \1·as 11n rt\·oidal.J1 ', that. \\'c· a ll . in
:-:011it· c·l 1uk1·d u lh ·r:lll C'P a11d so n1 e i1n11erh ·c t, si11 c:t ·n· t· x pr1• ss io11,
:;l1< 111 ld , i( wP <'<>11ld " ''t. 1•rais1' tl1<· patri ot, h1111·11t ti"' lll:lll .
H11t. !l 1Ps1· ti11H' s l1a \·1· g"11" l•y. Tl1<: ra c<' .,[ lio11 u r and d11t y is
for hi11i all r1111 . Th" hi g li 1·11d1·a1·.,r is 111 :.ul1', a nd it is fi11i , hl'd.
Thn 11101111rn<'11t is l•nild t' d. lie is e 11t.e red int o hi.-; glory. Th e
day o f hopt', or ]'l'i1!P, of g- rid, l1as 111•1• 11 full ow1·d liy Lli e long l"C'.' t;
a11 d till· sc11ti11w11ls of g- ri .. f, )'ritl•', a nd hope, an : al l llll'rgi:d in the
se 11Li111<• 11 t o f c;tlrn a 111l i11q >l ie iL \·e 11c ratio11. \Y e ha1·" 1•11ri<'il hi 111
i11 u11r h!·a.rt R. Th:tt is 1· 11< 111g h to say. Our est.i111a t iun uf lii111 i.,
J•• irt .,f o ur Cl'l'<'< L \\' , · l1 an· 110 :irg- 11111e 11t to rn ak" u r !Jt·ar upon
it. \\"., l' nt c r i1.t11 1111 di s )'11le al1011t l1i111. \\'t• 1•·r1 11i t 11 0 lung-l'r
a11 y 111a11 t.i 'JllPst ion 11 s as tn wlmt. ht· wa s, what. he ha,] d u111', ],.,\\'
1n11 c h \\'c• Ion·•! hi111 , !ic.w 11111 cl1 th e cou ntry lo\·(•d hi111 . :u11! li ow
\\'<··I I he dl'scn ecl it. \\" ,· atl 111irP, \\'!!l ove, and we are ~ till. Be
this (·nuugli fo r w ; to say.
ls it 11 ut P11 u u,gli tli:Lt W<' ju s t sl:ii11l si le nt o n I.li e d«ck of th <'
J.:1rk fa s t. fl y in g· fr11111 tlll' s l111r1 ', a11d t.11r11 and sel', as th e li11<· of
cuas t dis:q•1H·ars, and tJ,,. lll'adla11ds and hills and all tlw land g-u
d11\\·11 , a11d ti ll' i>la11d s a1··· s w:tlJ.,\1'1'll II]>, ti ll• g-n•at 1i1t1 L111LLi11
s ta11di11 g th<'rC i11 it.' strr· 11 g· tli a11d 111a.j<'st.y, Sll)'rl' lll e arnl s fill - t.u

(;1·: '."\TJ.E:\ I E :'\":

- 1

ri se t o jll'"JH• S+' a fp:is f , i• x pr1·ss i\'1 •o f

th e g reat

t· slt 'L' llJ :u1d lH11 11 1r i11 wlii l·h wi· IH, ld ilH· il l11 ;-; tri11u :-; µ: 11t ·st. wl1om we

'""'' a:>s1·111 hl"d to \\' ek•J ll H'. Jt, is <"at1 s1· f., r ft:Ii .. itatio11 to have this
"l'l'<>rt1111ity to rl'c·e i\·l' him, and tu 111f'l.: t l1i111 at <o11r f1·stive h oard.
111 l'hi la,!.·ll'l1 ia w1J har!' lo 11 g· 111'<·11 :wc11 slu111 l'1l l o foll ow hi111 ,
witli ear111·st at l<·ntio11, i11 his hi g h Yocatio11s in th t· i<'g is lative l1a.ll
:111d i11 tlH : l' :d 1i11 l'l; :1nd li:t1·" al\\'" .)'' " '<' II lii111 tl1l'n· excreisi11gl1i s g rt'at. Lilc· 11I.' for tlte tr11 n i111"r1 ·st s .,[ 0 11r wid<'-:< J•l't·:.d lfrp11l>lic.
,\ ml we., in eon 111w 11 with tl1c! ,\111t.: ric:a11 l" '"Jll", have f1·lt the i11fl11t'11 c1 • o[ l1i s wi'<l•J111 arnl patri ot is rn. l 11 s<' :1 ,;0 11 s of dan ge r, lie has
lic.,·11 to us a lil'in g co mfor lt> r; a11d 111or" t lia11 0111'L' has restored
tliis 11atio 11 t.o se r(·11i t.y, sf'e 11rit y, a11d J' l'O·' l"·rit y.
fn a c;\r<'t' r of 111ore t lian t liirty yt•ar., o f 1•uliti1 ·al a g itation, he,
\vi ll i cu urag-1 ·0 11s cu 11slatH'y, u11wav1·r i 11 g- i11t1·gri1 y, a11il t: 111incnt
al •ility, has C'arri c•,J o u t, as far ;1.' hi s :1 ;.;•·11 ,·y c.,11].J j•l't'\·ail , the true
i1ri1 1l·i111t •s of ti lt' ..\11 lt'rica11 sy:·dt• 1n nf g11 \· t·r111 1w11f .
}"o r l1 is 11 11111ero1is pul.Ji l' s,· n •ic"s \l't' '""" hi111 111 uc· li , allfl we
ope 11 u 11r gratt'fu l h<': Lrt s to l1i111 in tl1an ks; \l'e s:1y L1J l1i111 , with
f,.,.Ji11 gs o f 1•rofound r"sp•·ct. a nd ll'ari11 :1ffrct i.,n, tli;1.t. \l't· arn rejo ic.·d :tt lti ,; )'l'<'.'-'ll<'e Ji,.n ., ai11id lti s l 'l1 iLid .. l1.Jiia frii.: 11 ,l:; - ltis
faitl1f11l J'hilad1·l]'lti:t fri,.1 .. ls a11d ad111ir<'rs.

Tl1irk c· n years later, a11cl ,.:t· 1·i·11 y ears af ter ll1 c clc ath
of Dani('[ \V el>st·cr, tl1 c: sevt: 11ly-st·1·1:11!li an11i vl' rsary of
1h e g n ': tL slalcs111a1 1·s I 1i rt liday 11·as ,., lllllll<'I11ornt e tl hy a
ha.nqu et at whi ch th e ora(1lr, l{11f11 s Choafl', niade an
address. Tli e op i.; n111 g 1runls of tl1at adclrl'ss were a.s
fidluw: -I ll'ould 11 0!, ban~ it. s n ppusc·d f.,r a 1111 1111• ·nt. that. I d1·s ig 11 to
rnak e :lil y l'lllogy, o r any "!'•·1·cl1 , co11 c1 ·r11i11g- Jh" gn·at 111:111 whosn
l1irtlulay \\' l ' han· 1. iet to .,hsnn·. l h:1 .- t .. 11 '" as.'1 11'<'. .\'"" tli:d, r
s ha ll atte rnpt to d o 110 rnd1 tlii11,g. Tl1< ·re is 1111 lungl'r i1<• t:d uf it,
o r fit111 ·~.~ f11r it. fo r :111.v lll trpt,.-.: 1·. ' l'i11w :·i h;1\'1• 111•1·11 'rl1··11 s11cli ~t
thi11 :; 111i :,; lit h:11·l' 1JL·1 ·11 du111 · 11i t l1 J•l'<>J >rid y . \\. liilc' J.., was yet

I

188

l'i,;IU::iUASW:\".

Hee ho w it swe lls awa y up fi-0111 t Ii .. :; 1il1j1·d a 11.J faJin g vale'/ to
Hee tlmt , tlio11gh tlottd s awl te 11q ll's1';, a11d I 11., 11nise of waves, and
tl11 • yelpin g of n irs, 111ay ' '" at ii~ ft:t:L, e!.t-l'lla l s 1111slii 11e has settled
upo n its head'!

EX EJWISE LXI.
O IL\TOHY. - TIIJ·: STl'.\11'.

The ?\e('if o f Ci ,·il Senic<' Re form.
Jri sh II 0 111e RulC'.
Freedo111 o f 1!11; l'ress.
l'urili l'al iu11 of tlH' Hall11t.
S ta le ltigl 11., au.J rudiYidual I{ ig- lit.:;.
l ' 11h old !ht> Cu 11 s lilutio11.

llown wit,h ?lfon opolies.
l>i g11 it.y of Labo r.
l'olit ica l Hings and lloss,•s.
J:'t· 1nah; Suffrage.

1'l1111icipal i\I i . .;r1de.

In tl1i,; cou11t 1y e n~ r.r l'n•sid e ntial c an11iaign and
indeed <~\·c ry l ot;al clcdiun i11 \·ol ving i111portant i::;sucs
giv<·s occ:isi1111 to the politi1·iau tu emle:Lvur IJ.Y puLlie
spceelws to influ e n ce votl's and i11ncase liis co nstitu ency
or that. 11f ltis favnrit1 · 1·a11ditlat1:. Owing to an earlyday frn11tin Jir:teti e e or sp!'aki11g fro111 tlie ;;t umps of
tre!'s, su c l1 s1wakl'l 's an: stil l co 111111t11il y said tu "take
the ;;tu mp. " 111 Eng land and hdan<l t h ey ·•mount
th e l1ustings.' '
DouLtl ess tl1i,; rn d lt ocl of clectionecring is mueh
aLuse J; Lut \Hl may not d ec:ry it on that account.
The addresses arc mad e directly to tlie vot e rs and often
to a class uf Yo tc rs wlio do 11 ot read llllH:h an tl who
nee d enl ig lite nrn e 11 L (111 tl1 e issues uf tlic day. The
difli e ulty lies i11 tl1e fad tlta t n early all of tl1 ese g reat
<1uestiu11s lia\·e twu sid l:s, cal' li with ih s in ci: re advocates,

OTtAT< >I{ \'.

:wd

:t spe ak e r is apt to Le misl e1l by his e11th11si:tsm tn
make out a gorn l c: as1~ aJHl 1111<l11l y i111"1111~ n1· e VtJlt~s liy
represe nting l1is sid e in a too favc1ml1l1· ligl1l. l\11 L IH'\"l'l't hclcss w e ind1tlge s1H:li clmmpirn1sl1ip (!V(·ll t•) till' 1·xlt-11t
of p:1.rti,;arn;hip, frl'ling tltttl foll tlisc 11 ss io11 is llt'ltn t l1:u1
110111: :tt all an1l trn,;ti 11g tliat i11 th e long r1111 '' l'Ve r LlH·
right conws nppt>nnost, and eve r is j11stil'1 : dt1111-.' '
. \Vitlt put"t·ly externpn r:u1 eo11s sp<:aki11g w1: l1a ve 11ollt-

inir to do e x ce pt in so far a,; t he pmdiee of writi11g
b
•
l
spee el1L·s nmy a;;si,;t i11 t lt i: 1l1•ve l npmc 11 t of an orntu1wa
style . For sp eecl1 es - e \·e 11 afte r-1li11111'l' spL·1·1· l11',;, e v<:n
slnmp sp cecht:s -- are writ t e n or pre pan·d l1dt1r!'l1a11d ,
the great 11i;Ljmity of t h e m . A really good 1·xt1·111P"ra1;eo11,; ,;pee1·li i,; rare, f .. r il n·1L11irvs tli e l)al'I)}
1lillnbi11atio11 of a rare man a111l a rare n1 :l'asi1111. G i V\'11
tl1is e uml)i11atiu11 , you l1ave all ide al :tt ldn ~ss.
l{i g l1 t l1cre we gt:t it dew tu tlie secret 11f writing :t
s111 •cessfn l orati1>11: we 111\lst m ;d.;: 1; it co11fnrlll :ts n ea rly
;ts pos,;i l1l e tu nt1r ideal of :u1 l'Xk1111H1ran1·ous 1111 e .
That tl1 i; n : sl1011l1l lic eertaiu clifTe n:11t;es lwtw ce11 writte n
d isi:oll rs1; a11cl spt1k1 :11 tl is1 :011 rs1·, that is, I H' t Wl't:ll tli :Lt.
wl 1id 1 is i11lt·11clecl l1l lie read :u1 d tlmt wl1i e li is i1it1·11tl1:d
t11 lie J11:an1, kw will d e n y. 111 d e li vn i11g :li t a1ldn·ss
}<> II will l1a \'e to fa< :t: :t11 audi e 11t·t•, look p1·01il1: i11 tl11;
t• y i:, ltolll tl1eir alte11tio11, play 011 tlH~ ir fcl'li11gs, e 11tlnn:
Lli e ir Llispkasun~ or receive their appla11,;1'. 111 pn:pari 1w t !te a<ldress he forc !t:rnll all this s l1uuld Le lHmt e i11

rn~id.

Iu1ag i11 e as v ivid ly as yo n c;w tl1aL you lia\-e
yuur audi e n ce 1wfore you; 1lu no t lnse sight of it for a
111 u1m·11 t; write.to it as yon will li:w e to talk !t1 it; use
(l>rnis of (liree t alldn:~ss --- g e ntleme n , fri1·11ds, fdlow -

1·itize ns -- whe rever t.l1ey see 1u natural a11d 11 ot o\·er-

190

OJtATOltY.

for ma.l ; he g-en ial, frank, g racio us yet earnest, familiar
yet dignifie< l. Th e arlv:wtages of pe rsonal direetness
of a1ldress, of getting s<> dusc to your audi ence that
tliey will al11 1ost feel a.-; if yo11 llt'ld t.111 !111 hy the hand,
e:umnt he over-es ti ma tvd.
On e of tli e most telling
st.11111p-spl' e<:lws tlH~ ]•1'1·s1·1 1t \\' ri t1· r e\'L 'I' li e:u·d. was
addressed al1 nosL tlirnngl1<>11 t to :L j':t.l'!i1 ·11hr person i11
t he a ncl i.,1wr' " ·110 w;ts :1 g1111d lyj'e .,f tli 1! 1·lass wli1m1 the
speakP r\l'i sllt'd t<1 n·;i1 ·l1 . 11" pnw1·1·d1·d i11 al1<11i1. t.l1isst.yle :
Y .. 11 k11 111r l1 ow it. i;;, sir - Yllll, Hir, sitti 11 g lllt'r" in !lit: fo11rth
J'l)W o[ s. ·a( s 1>11 tlH· ri g id. of tit " a is lt'. Yo11 will n ·111<·111lwr th at
j11st fo 11r y1·ars ag·o th is fall .I wa.s dri,·in .c:: thrrn1glt t.!11· co u11try
l1t•re a11d sta id on·r 11i.c:: l1L \ri lh _Ylltl. Yo11 n·111.·11tl1e r li"w you
m ·r,, tli s1•us1 ·1l 111 co1111.J a i11 th .. 11 ltt·1·a 11s1· Y"" l1atl 110L rea li zed
1'11 0 11 g lt "" yo 11r alnrnda11l \r llt' <1\. lia1T1·s(, (" !'".'' f1J r 111t, 111af'. hinery
yut1 ha.ti J. .. 11 .t.d d. that ,r• ·:'lr a11d l11 ·1·a 11 si· yo11 ""1 il.J1 " (. ' '"'ho w the
cu l'lt -c rot1

w:t.-; .~·o i11 g·

to t·lo tl 11• yn 11r fa1 11il y tl1ro11 g h tlH~ winte r .

T

ask1•tl Y1111 Ii""' Y'' " \\t'I'• ' r .. t i11 g a11d yo u :;a id 1liat. lt"d 11t1l.l1i11 g to
tlt1 witl 1 lli1• 111 att.1·r. A11d 111,. 11 I said that. if yo11 tl1toug·l1t. t.hat
Ji:1cl 11 utl1i 11 g lo do wit )1 tJw 111afl1·1' _\"t> ll

H ll1'1·J y

('o l!}d

ll1 1t S4't !

illl.Y

li a r111 i11 111 al\i 11 g- tl1t~ ('X l wri 1111 •1il. ed. \'1rl i11 g tlw 11tlwr wa y and of

g 1·l.ti11 g' a 1i1111dn ·d <dlwr Ltn 111 · r ~ lo 111 :d.; 1· jJi,. i'X 111 ·1·i11w11t witl1
y111 1.

I>id

y 1111

111: 1k 1·

1111• 1·.x 1wr i 1111 •1d ·~

I

:1111

a fraid

111 d .

( '1·rt.a i11

it. i.-< t hat. ti"' 111111.Jn·d oll11 ·rs did 11t1I , for wl 1•·1 1 n·l 11ri1.' fro.111 !.lie
dist.ri t'I, •·a 11 1t· i11 Yt1ll l1ad rnlJ,..( "I' t i"' " """ ,,J.J 111aj .. rit y . Arni
wl1 at i:-; !lit ~ rv:-:11lt '!

Y u ill' rt•c ·1·i1• t:-1 ar1• j11 :-i L a :-; f ar fru111 euv 1:ri11 g

yn 1u· t> XJ )( 'lldi t 11J'i •s f1 H lay ; 1 ~

fill'_\" w1 ·r1• fuur y1·ars a.go t<H..lay.

l k ll .Y it if yo 11 call.

EXEIWISE LXll.
< JH .\TOH

Y

- Tl IE 11.\IC

E loqu e nce is orato r.\· at its ]"',.; t ; it ts tlitlieult to
de filll' it 111 o r e a1·curalt' ly tl1a11 t.l1aL Trn e 1·loq 111·tl<'e

1 !)1

does not lie in words alon e ; nor in Ll1c :-:peake r alone ;
nor y et i11 the hearer or tli c occasion . Hath er it see ms
to li e in :tll of these. For t he same words ut te red 11,r
tlie same lll<lll will see m s11l1li1n e at one tirn e and ridiculous at ;ui otlter, or will ri11g do<pte11t in tl1c ears of one
mai1, l10111hLsti c in tl 1e ears of 1w oLl1 cr. \Vl1 en a 111a11 's
wonl-; move a11d stir 11s to the very dept.11s of our h~ i11g ,
wli c n t.l1 ey mak e us forge t 0111·sclv es e0111plete ly, ,.;o t liat
we a.rn n ~ :u l .Y to lattgh all;] weql, eve n to rise alld follow ,
at l1is eo111111an<l, we say that ma n is vloqtH~ 11 t. But \1' 1 ~
do 11 ot a11;tly zc t he Hj>ell lie easts over 11 s 11or alk 111pt to
wrest frn111 l1im t l1 e whol e sce ret of l1i s l'" we r.
But if w~~ do 11n t know jus t wli<LL eloqne 11 L·e 1s, we
k11ow so 111e tJi i11gs t!tat it is ll ot. vV e k11ow fo r oll e
tl1i11g ll11it it is not gra11tlil1lt[llCll L'.e. Lon g, ,.;unorous
words a11d lofty, l1ig l1-so11ndiu g plira,;es are 11011eeessa1·y
p a rt of it; tliey •m~ ratl1 er apt to he fata l to it. T he re
111ay he 111ore l'loq11e1)('C in 0111: fitl y spok 1·11 \\'<11'11, nay Jll
,.; ile11 ee iL..;elf, tl1 a11 in th e mus t i11ge11io11s rltetn ri e. H1·ad
t li e twe11tieth el 1apk 1· of tl1 e (;o,.;pel a1:t·o rding t•l St..
.J ol111 a11d fuel ll1 u uffe1:t of 0111 : wonl wliicl1.lt!Sll>'11tl• ·rs:
J 1.,, 11 .< .<11/th 1111/ u 111T, JJ.1111'.'f.
A11cl call an ytl 1i11g 111: 111ore
si111plc and 11111re s1Jl>li111 e titan th e pr:tyu r fn1111 t.l1 e ,._ a1111.:
lips a.s tli c ral1hlu reviled l1i111 g<tt.li ere11 al1out tl1 c no,.;s,
Fath er, fu r.'Ji t>e tl1n1i; .fi11· tl11'.'I /mow ·not 11•/wt 111 1'.'I do .
St.rained fig11n•s are as fatal to eloq 1w111·e as fa11tasti e
words. It may bt~ <Jn estinne<l whe the r a delil!e ra te
fig 11rc of spl'ee h is ever found in pas,.;agL'S where elo<[ llL!ll CC takes its l1igl1 est fligl1t.
lHdeed, vi1Jle 11 ee of a11y
kim1, ill \\·onls as \n~ll ;ts in utteran ce aml gcstnre, is to
he se dulnnsly avoidcll ; ranting a n<1 sprea<1-eagleism finrl
favor only with t l1 c imliserimiualing fow. This Lloes

1'1-:ltSl ' AS!UN.

OH.ATOlt\'.

no t mean that th ere is to he 11 0 exhibition of life or
f'llf:rgy.
011 t!t c co11ll':tl'}, this is 11s 11:tlly a most cs:;cntial
t!ting- in "rat nry. Tl w pn •( :tnti"11 rd1·rs only to th;it
affee kcl t'l ll'l'g'.f ur t11at t:xn·ss ;if (' llt :rgy wl1iel1 oversh oots its 111ark.
J f ire may draw any principlv frnrn these ohservatiu11s, it 11·111iJd Sl'l' lil to J,l: tJ1:Lt f11nchi1H'llla[ uri11 ciple Of
al l l itn:uy t'ffmt, B1: na tura l ; l1l' tnw to yonrKclf, to
y u11r awlit •11<' L\ :11ul to y 011r tli1·1111 :. Fin n la11gu:1ge iH
1n·ll ('l1e \11g-!t i[ it flo\I',; frnrn li11s f:1111ili:tr witl1 its uttera111 ·c. S1·1iti11w1it. is \n·ll c nci11g·lt if it. spri11 g-s fr"m tl1e
hl':Ll'L. l·\·n·ur a1Hl (;11tl111sias111 ar<: all ri h•rhL so ]C11l 0fl' rrs
tlt ey an· s in1 '(' i'C. ln<l 1·(•tl, it is \\'lt"ll y ll S(· kss (" :tltempt
Lo f(•ig·11 t!t,· ,;t~ tlii11 p:s. · El"q1H:ll ee is not lik e :t glove,
to lie u11t Oil :t1Hl off at pl1·as11re . F e w 11lell l':t ll ]Jc imjHISl.' tl 11p1111 1.y a clispla.1· "[ fals e Sl' lltim ent.
Assu me
a 11 1·111otiu11 yuu d1> 1111 t f1· e l a11d tlli' 1·lia11c:1"" ar< ~ ten to
n11c: tl1at. 111<· <l1•c·e p ti"11 11· ill 111· d..t 1'l't1·d at. rnH :e rrml
rese n kd.
w:i1Ta11 t :111.J t li1~ n·s 11l t. 11·ill hi: 1·1111:tlly disa .strn11s.
111 1111· p:1dil'1il:1r kind 111' 11r:tl11ry l1:1d i11 vic•11' in t ho
pn·:-w ll t. 1· x1·n·is1', 11a1 111·ly. 1111' til1·:idi11g 11f a11 :ull·()(;ate at
t!t u hu· o f j11stit·t •. arg 111111 :11 L 11·ill 11atnr:dly l't>ltsLitnte
titl; s(a,J'] U oJ: tl1t: lll:tlt·ri:1l. J\11(, :t.'> tJ1e 11Jti111a( t: 0J1juet
i.s no t lll l! l'ul.\· !11 d1 ·1111111 s trat e trntl1s, l111 t. to 11e rswtde
j11ri1·s t.11 a.d :ll'(·11rdi1 1.t.: t11 tl111se ln1tlts, otlll'i' than pnrely
arg11111t· 11 lat in: 1'l1·11li '1Jt.s 1·:111 n11 t l1L' l'X l'l11d l'd: lit e plerr
is l111 t11J<l to t:1k e 011 rn orn or lt·ss of t!te 11at.11re uf rr n
app eal. 1t i." dii'li 1· 11 H to s11.!.-'.'.!.-'.'L'sl s ul1j L•1·h for t.!tis work.
Till· lwsL 111 t·t l1<Jd 111' gl'l ti11 g· 111alt-rial is t11 c•111tl11ct a
111tt('k trial. .- \111itl1t ·r 111t•tlind is (11 tr.r S•Jlllt : l1i stu ri<;al
,·liar:1l'!1'l' l1dnn• :111 im:1 .~i11:1 ry t ril111nal f11r t·1 :rtai11 ;i]],·getl
:t.t·b c.!' !1i.s 11r !11•r.s.

\Ve g iv e below an cxtmct from a spe ech m:uh~ hy
Daniel Wvbstc r l1d11ru a jury in 1S:IO. .J. F. K11npp
:u1d .J. ,J. Kn app were cliargeil wit Ii tl1e 11111rd l'r of
Captain .Jose pl1 \Vliit.e. .J. .J. Knapp ;;011fessecl that
one H.ielmr<l Crow11i11sltidd l1ad 111"<·11 ltirecl l1y tlt e n1 to
commit tl1 e rnm'ile r, wl1 e re 11pn11 C ro11·11i11sltie l1l com111i ttcd sui cid e.
Th e eo11fessio11 was tl1 e11 witl1dr:tw11
a11d tlie Knapps we re i11clidell, will1 th e n :s 11l t. tl1a t
ll1 ey w e re co n vielell allll ex.t:e uted. \V el1sle r si111k u f«r
tlte prn>'ee utio11. '

0

Against th e pri ,;0111· r .it t lte liar, as an i11di 1·id11al, T ";u11 1ut k L''"
the s li g li tl.'st ·prejudice. T \\' 011ld not d u l1i1n ! Ito · ,;1 11 all•·sl i11j11n·
o r i11j11,;Lice. But I du 11 ot :dfec:t tu be illlliffere11 t tu th e di sco1·l' ry
am! the ]'Ull islune nt of ti1is d t:'t 'J> g u ilt. r chee rf11ll y ,;hare i11 the
opp rohri11m , how 1111wh Hu«\'t•r it. 111ay 111•, 1Yhi ch is (·a.-;t 1111 tl HJ""
wh o fr el a11d 111 anifest :u1 :.t11xi•>llS cu nee rn t.l1a t all \\' ho kui a ['< Ut
in pla1111i11g- o r a l1a11tl in <' xc ·r· 11Iin g this .J,•,·d nf 111id11ig-ltt as.,assi 11ati011 111ay lie li ro1 1g ht. to :u1swt·r fur tlwir P1111n 111111s ni111<' al.
tlu ; bar.,[ pulilie justi""·
'J'lti s i s a 111ost t•x tra o nlinary e a ~P .
In ~d 1111 ~ n· ....; 1~• ·c t s it, l1a ~
l1ardl y a prt·Cl'<lP 11 t a11.vwlw n· , entai1d y 111111c i11 <111r :\. ·w E11 g- l:L1 1< I
l1i ., 1ory .
Tl1i s l>lood y tlra111:i •·xl1il,j1,., 11u si1dd•· 1il y 1·x .. it• ·d,
u11 g u\'1 ·r11al1l e rage . . . .

An ag .. d 111a11 , with out a11 e11P1ny i11 t he \\'nrld , i11 hi s ow 11 11 0 11 ~ · -.
a 111l i11 hi s 01\'11 lietl, is 1n ade the victi lll of a lwtclwl'l y 11111nlt·r for
m e re pay. Trul y, here is a ne w lesson for l'ai11krs and i •oel:<.
\\' hoeve r 8hall hc reaft<·r draw t.l1e portr:Lil o[ 11111rdt·r, i f li e will
sh ow it as it ha s liee n ex hi l> itetl i11 an l'X:u 11pl •', wl1<·n· s11ch exa lllple \\'as last t u lia1·e l1ee n looked fur , i11 Lh e ve 1·y l•11so 111 of our
X e w E ngla 11Ll :.;nc idy , Id l1im mit g i\'I.: it. 11 .. . ,i.;Ti 1n 1·is:lg'l' 11[
J\l olocl1, t he l1 row k 11it te d h y n.> n•11g1~, !ht'- f:t ce blal'k wi t h st•lllt"I
lia te, and tl 1e blood-s hot eye e11 1it.Li 11 g li1·id firt• ,; uf 111ali ce. f.t· t
l1im draw, rather, a tl eeo rtH1s , smouth-f:tc,·d, l>l oodJ,-ss de 111011 ; :i
i•id ure iu rel'ose, rat.he r tl1a.11 i11 ac t.ion; 11 ot. '" 11111e h :111 exa nqd• ·
of l111111rt11 11at11n· in it ., d"]'ravit y, :u11l i11 il.s parn xy , 111 ~ of ..r111w,

1~)..j.

l'Elt::i lJ A 8 10N.

a:; :111 i11ft.rnal 11ah1rc, a fi end i 11 th P onli11ary di splay and develop1110 11 1. u l' l1 is ('hararl«r.
Tl w ,j ,.,. ,j \\':ts (' X1 ·c 11led with a d(•g rP1: (Jf s1·l f-po,;scssio11 a n11
sl<-: Ldi111·ss 1•qu;tl ttJ the w ick1 .. l111·:"' \\'ii 11 \\ l1i 1•h it wa :; pbnll l'tl.
T lte c in:11111 s l;111c.·s, 11nw el•· arly i11 ,.1·itl1· 11 c•·, s1•read out. lite wh ole
scene lwfo rc 11 ~. l )('(·11 sl1·•·1• !t ad fall l' 11 0 11 the dl·s t i11 e1l vi ct im,
a 11 1l 0 11 :di IJl'11eatl1 hi s r1111f. A lwalt.hl'1tl olil 111a11 , to whorn slte p
was s 11·,.1 ·t, th e first so1111tl slu111l •ern o f Utt~ 11ig hl l11·ld l1im i 11
1. h1· ir soft hut slro 11 g- c 111lorac<'. The ass ass i11 1·11krs through lit e
wi11duw , aln·ady ]' l'l']':trt·d, i11t11 :111 llll!H'<'llJ'i•·d :q•art1111•1it.. " ' ith
11uis1•l t'>'S r.... t. 111: ['ot l'l'S th " 1011(· ly hall , l1al ~Ji g ht<·d loy th e 1110011 j
li e winds 11p tl11 · :is<·1· 11 t of lit e s tairs, :1111! l'l'ad1l's l11 e do<!!' of tlte
c li:u11J .,.,._ Of t hi s. lte mov•·s ti"' l1wk J.y s11 ft, a11d co 1it.i 11 ued
pn •.ss 11 rn till it t urn s o n its l1i11 .~'"' \l·itl1011l 1111i s" ; a1ttl he PllLers,
and l•(·hnlds h i..; 1·irti111 ],pfn r•·, lii11 1. Ti u• rnulll \\:t .'i 111ic111 11 mo 11 1y
"!" '''l o t.lt .. atl1 11i "in 11 of li ght. Th l' fa ce of tli n i1111 01('<·11t, sleq 1er
\\' ;i,..;

t11rr11·d fro 111 t l11 • J1111rd 1·n· r, a11d tl11· lll' ;1111 s o f tli1 : 1110011 , rt._·:jt in .~

1>11 t 111· gray !.wks "r hi s :i g 1·d l1· 11 qol•'. ,111.111·d l1i111 wl11•re tu s t rik <'.
'l'l1c fat ;tl loin\\· is gi1·1·1 1 I aw l ll w 1·i,.1i1 11 I'"''' '', ll'itlurnl a strn ggle
<•I' a 111nti1111 , fn.,11 1111 · n·posl' of s l1·(·p t o 111t• l'l 'l'"''' n f d1 ·a th ! . ..
i\1'1·a11t i11 u• 1111 · .t:"u ilh · sn 11l e:u111 .. t k•'" P it s ow11 s1·cr..t.. It is
f:tlsi • f., ils1· li', ur ratlw r it fr,.), :111 irn ·,; i,.;tilol1: i111}'uls., of consl'i1 ·11('t' 111 l•e tn11~ In il si ·l f. 'II l:ti•1>rs 1111d1· r il.s g uilt y j•<>.ss1·ss iu 11
:11111 ki11 •11'8 not 11·l1:it I: " dn with it.. Tl11· l111111a11 lll':trt \\':t s 11 .,t,
111ad1· for tilt' n ·s id1·1 11·1! of s 1lf' li a1 1 i11h ;tl1it:i11L. It. ti11d s it.svif
j•l'•',\'l'd 011 l 1y :L 1o1'11 1e nt.. wlii l' lt it d:tr<'s 111il. adrn u ll'k1lge t o Cud
o r 111a 11. A v1tlt11rl' is 1],.1·n11ri 11g it , an d it. l':tll a ,;k no sy 111 )'all 1y
o r a ssistance "ith!'r frnm he av,·11 <ir 1·:nth. Th e st·cret wl1i ch the
11111rd1·n·r po;:sf'SSl's soon ro mps to J'"Ss(·s:i lii11 1; a11d , likt• 1111• evil
s l'iri ls uf ll'l1i(·l1 11·., n·a •l. it tl l"<' ITllllH' S l1i 111, :rntl lt·:11ls lti111 whithe r>'•Jt•\'t• r it \\'ill. ll 1· f1·1·ls i t lii ·ati11g a t l1i .< l1t•art , ri , i11g t o ]1i;;
1ltrn:it , :11111 d 1• 111a11di1 q.~· di ,;(')1osim'. JI,. tlii11 ks tit" ll' hule worlt'l
,, .,., it. i11 his f:t c·<'. r• ·:tds it. i11 Iii'''.'"''· a1Hl al111 <ist hPa r,; it., \\' Orki11g·s i11 I.lit' 1·t· n· s il1 •11t·c of hi s l ltoug ltl :<. lt l1a s l11·co 111e h is 111:1ster.
It. l1 t"• tr:ty~ 11i :-1 di :·w n·li n11. it 11r<·:·1k...; d11w11 hi s ('nuragt•, it ('CHtqtters
hi s pn11l1 •11l!l'. " '111·11 "'"' l'i1·i»11 s frn111 witlHrnL lJ1•gi11 lo P111l.a1Tass
lii111 . and ti"' 111' ( 1• f ('irc111 11 s tarll''' t u t·11l:111glt) hi111, the fatal sl'cret
sl rn g·g l1•s \\'i 1h ,; Iii! gTP :Lt1 ·1· l'i1ol1• 11 f·" t n l.11rsl fc•rtl1. It 11111 ~t litJ

(l llA TOH.Y.

conff's,;<•.cl , it will lie co nfesse d : t lil' re is no refuge fro m ,.,11,ft•ssion
l•nt. s ni cicl(', an<l ~11ic id,· is co 11fess io 11 .

EXEi{< ·1:-;E LXllT.
OHXl'Olff. -- TI! E LE(;JSLA 'fl) l\.E.

l'l l' :L for Tnternational Cop y ri g ht..
J( Ps t·. ri ct. i1111 of Fon•ig 11 l111111igTatio11.
J>istriliu t ion of Publi c Lamb.

N eede<l l'ost.al L".i.;isl:d iu11.
Shall the St.ate Li cl' 11se Lot t,,·ries ·1

Spo ken discourse ran ges from Lhe plain est talk to the
m os t elahor;tte addr ess . AL the o ne extrem e wi 11 l 1e
f"und t h e c;tsy , familiar, colloc1 uial :-;Lyk of con ve r,.;alion ; at the oth e r the lofty di ction that accornp:u1i1·,.;
fo nnal , <lignified orato ry . But t h ere are ce r tain cl1 :Ll'aet<:ri,.;lics that l'llll l11rnuglt all varidi es :u"l gr;u],·s
a1ul serve Lo clisti11g11i sh them frum wriLLt·n di ,.;<·(1urs1:.
Fru111 ': L 111t·n: g rn111111:Llical mHl rh e tori eal sla11dp< 1i11 L
grea.ter loose ness of st.ru c tnre is atln1i,.;sil1le ;wd g rc:d1·r
li ce nse gen e rall y .
O ccasion:tlly cn11strucl i1111s 11l 1i1·l 1
w o uhl 11 ot iia~,.; in writi11 g m;Ly be ve11Ltll'c1l 11p1111 line
h ec;:w sc tl1c intonation of tl ic v oiee alll l t.l1e wliol1~ rna11n c r u[ t h e speake r can r e<leem tl1l:lll from an y pns,; iJ,]c
c l1arge ll( ohsc urity, weakn cs;.;, ()l' i1wlega 1Ht .T11,; t. ;1.~
ottr t·vc ry day co nv ersation is full 11f broke n :111.J u11fi11isl1t~ tl sente11ecs, so w e rna.y e xpect to fi1Hl llit'm i11 a
::;pt' l:t: li wlwre the spe;Lk e r j,., Slljl]><N·ll to ru1opt tlil ! s11 g g est:ions of th e 0ccn.s in11 a rnl tn fol1ow th e imp11];.;('s nf
hi s O\\·n e motion s . Sliurt sentc1u;es a.re to 1,e i·ltn sl' tt

1'1-:i{sl· ,\SIU:\.

rat.l1l'r t.!1;111 l1>11g·, and all long ones slt1111l1l l1e simple
and s t1 ·;iigl11f1l1'11·;ml i11 1·11n,.;tn11'fi1111. Tl1is is for clear1ws.-; ' ><;11\1·. 1'11r a s111 ·ak1·r <";111 tak1 , 1111 cl1;i111Ts 011 that
s1·nrc·. i\ 1'< · ad1 ~ r ca11 g11 li;11·k ;i11d n ·;1d ;i s<·1t1 e 1H·1 , ;1 :;ee111Hl 11r tl1ird ti1111· if JI(' <l<ll's 11 o t 1111dnst:l11d it th e first,
lJ11(. a11 :111dit11r must 11111krs ta11d it. at 011 l·1~ or not at all.
!·".1r tl ll' s;1 11w r vas1111 fn ·1·111 .. n(. n·p..tit.i11n, wl1icl1 i:; ob.i1Tli1111:ilil e in a 1J1111k, is (11l l.' rnl1le a11d 1·n·11 dl'siralile in
;1, Sj>t'l't'l1.
11.1· tl1is is 1111•anL a rqwtitio11 of tl111ug·ht in
a n e w for111, tl 11111gl1 at times 111 e n ·j>diti1111 111a r l·xteml
t o lit e w11nls t.l 11 ·111s1·h1·s :111d still l1l' l'iTl'cti~e . 1\n<l
aLun' ;t!I tl1is 11·1.· sl1al l 1•.\ p1·1·t. in sp11k1·11 dis 1·ourse a
.t.:TL'akr 11·ar111tl1 ,,r 11tl l' rnlH"" :t fnTr cli ." 1ilar ,,f e111u t.ion
a11rl a l't1lkr i11f11.-.; i1111 of tl 1e s111·al\1·1:s 111·rsu1utlit v.
In tl11; las t. 1· xe rl'isc 1r1 • d1 ·;tlt 11·itl1 11rat11rr
an ins lru1111·11 t f111· Jin 1 t. ·di11 .~· su1·i1·t.1· lir 1wr,.;11adi"11g 11wn to
f1tllill tl1 e i11k11t. nf tit(' Li1L !11 th e prese1d e xe rcise
Wt' d1·al 11·itlt ora(11rv of a l1r11;1d .. r s1·0111· -- tl 1a.t. wliii:h
lt<1,.; (ur its ;ii111 tl11 · 1wrs11adi11g 11f '' rt·1·11g·11i z.. 1l l1odr of
kgi slat111 ·,.; to 111;1k1., a111('11d, 111od if_r, 11r n ·1wal tl1c in. ws
1'.Y 11l1i .. Ji (' i1·il i11:<tit1 1t i11ns 111u:;(. sta11d nr rail. Tliis
1111·<11 1,.; 111 1111r 1·11t11i1 rr tl1 u c1r;d11r.1· 11f th" !-i1·11alu a 111 l
11011,.;\• 11f i{l'jm·s1·11 (a t in:s, "( tl11: !"lat e "\ s,.;e111l1li es and
Ll'g i,.;la(11res, a11 cl y;1ri 11 11s l1wal C'11111 1t·ils illl<l Boanh.
Tl1e re an: i1u11illl'ri1·ss 11111·."ti1111s 1·011ti1111ally ]'l'l·ssing
r1pnn tl 1c slat\'s :i11d tlH· J1;1(i11n tliaL will affunl a rit:lt
vari l' ty !Jr :1rnl1·ri;tl f11r <•rations. l\ c:idy L:\'l'I'} r. it..)',
Yillag t', a11d "" 11111.J -di"'t ri t·t, 1110, l1as 11111l1·r d elil1e ra.lio1t
q111 ·sti1111.'< t]i;1 t an· j11st as 1ital !11 ih ]'l'11s1writ. y a.,.; these
L1rQ·1· 1-, 11;tli11n:11 nn e,.; - q11l's ti1111s 11( ,.;1 ·11·1·rng 1'. ,.;y s!t.:ms,
rail\\'ny fra1ll'l1i,., <•s, s1Tcc t-pa1·ing ('Otd.r;il'(,.,, i111111·11v e rnent
of lii g l11ra ys, 1· (1·., elc. Or, if yon are drawi11g up a
u

'

,;8

corn;Li t uti on for ;1, tle ba.Li11g :;ueie ty , or h elien: tl1a L tl ll'
rules of any organization with whi(·h you arc c1111n ec.te<l
need mwlili<:ation or anH:111lm c nt,, write a s11eet.:1111 rg i11 g
th e m ea:<11res you wn11ld lik e Lu ltan: atl op l\'d. Th e
hng11age ill all uf tl1\•se t'ases will lie largel y arg 11ll1 t:ll1.ative , of ('<J ltrse, a111.l tl1 e appeal 11 ill lie t11 lmtl1
1Jl:n;u11:il alld soc ial <lllL_y .
Th e r11llo11·i11 g se 11 lc ncc frnlll an l'tlitorial Ill tl 1e
Christian Union will suggest on e \\'ay of l1a1Jdli11 g tl11 :
tl1inl s11!1je ct in th e list g iven al1ove :
A c l.,1·er Fn·11 cl111t:lll 0 11 ce ~ aid t lia.t tl1 c' o ld ari stuc rat s di si ri!J11t"d
p ulili e " ·"a Ith 11111>11 \.111 ~ pri11 eipl e, " T u .. a cl1 a<'l'IJrdino.:: to l1 is l1 re•· d " ;
il1 e pl11t ocr;d:-; on U1 e ]1ri11ci11l 1·, ~ . '_l'u 1•a c h a t:curdi11 g t11 iii ;-; f; l'\'1.! d · · ~

the

c111111111111i .·d "' 011 tlu ~ pri1wi1_i!P, '"'l'o t·acli ac c or1li11 .~· 1q l1i ."'i 111·1·d ":

t':tl'h :lf·c·nrdi11 ~ f11 Iii :; 1kv.J. "
J11 Oklaliu111 :c 1111 • ]'ri11 cipl" is, " T .. "'"·11 ai' l' u rdi11 .~ tu Iii ,; s pe ed , "
1111d it. i.-; ('1·rl:ii11l y t,}i., )1]11,;L irrnti o11al u [ all.

tl1 e suc.: iali :-; t .. .; u 11 t lw 11ri1wipk , "' 1'11

Tl11 • f11ll1111·illg 011lli11 e o[ tl1e Sl' L't1J11l s 1il1j1·d is 11lfrrl'd
as a. 111111! .. l:
VOH I·: ((;>; t\1\1((;1\ ,\T((I:\ 'I'll 'l'llE l':\l'l'LI )

STAT! ·: ~

Slilll'Ll>

III·: C ll I·:Cl\ EI>.

i.

11.

r111,.. .. 111 .. 1 ; .. 11.
o.

\\' lw1 1 i11uu ig ratio11 i.'-' lw1H·l k ial.

/,,

\\'11<011 s l1 n11ld it lie ,·l1 r·cl;ecl in th .. l'11il1·d St at.. s '!

l111111i ."T:t1d s i11 g1·11 e ral.
a. Pa st co11,]i l i1111s 1111d .. r 1Ylii cli tlwy li l'g:i 11 li fe i11 ""r
co 1111t ry.
/,, l'n ·s1·1d. eo11dit io ns 1111der 11·1iicl1 tlwy lwg i11 ]jf,, li1-:·r:.
,._ Tlwir di ."Lp]•o i11t1111·11t a.1111 its ..rr.... t.
0

l IL l'a1q 11· rs.
u. Tl11·ir 1·h:trnl' le r a11 tl eo11<lit iu 11.
11. Tlwir ..ff1·1'.(, 11111 111 011 r lal1uri11;.; cla ss.
'" Cu ncrr·t " l' xa1n }'J.. ' frn111 l't·1111 syl\'a11ia , Ol1i o, );' .. w
E 11 g la111.l , ;u1d ;\licliiga11 .

I ~I'. I
.IV.

Anarc hi s t~.

ordinary

a. Tlwir i{1ca:-; of .~i1\.l'lT11 111·1d . and r1 ·li gi u11 .
11.

Tlwir

,~:1 1 nl,]i1Jg-}!('11

:\ ]cdl1· ry

t•o\\i·r.

J>jff,_·r fro111 .-\1rwri1 ·a 11;-; 111 ra c1', n·ligio11, and civil iz:\.tiu11.

/1.

()l 1j1·cL i11

1· .

!\.·s uit:<:

L'u111111 .~

11• .A nll'ri cn .

1. Tl11 •_y c arry away 1111r gol d .
" l,1J\n ·r sta11dards 11f lif1• .
"· lli111l<·r 1111' .i,. ,·,. 11•1>1111'1!1 ,,f tilt' 1·.t11111t.ry.

·I . I l• ·I I' Ill<''"'["'' i1·.-.
:. . l't1rrnpt 111•' yu 11l l1.

VI.

l111111i ,gTa1i! s i11 .C:•'ll<'ral.
u. ' l'lwir g rl· at 1tt11nl11·rs.
/1. T 1· 11d1'ill'.)' to c11lt111 izf•.
,. !11q .. 1s:; iliilit.y o( .\1111 •rica11izi11 ,c; s 11 e h Yast 1111111!.erH.
d . l1i!l 111 ·1w1 ! o( cl•·rgy U\'4 '1' ('4•rfai11 L'la .... ;-;1·s .
•'. 'J'l,..ir OJ•p(ls i!.i1>11 l o p11lili e s1·l1011k
'J'! ... ir a.lar111i11 ," ly 11ad 111 o ral i11llt1t •\1t '" Ill 0 11r cit ies.

r

\' [I. ( '«11 cl 11s i1111.
11. !111111igr:itio11 sl101ild lw i: lit' ckt: d i11 11,., U nil.l'rl State~
l 1t•t ·:111 ~ 1· tlw c·111Hliti u 11 s for :-11w li a cn 11n-ie are now
n a.liz1·!I.
11. S1·lf-pn ·"·na ti .. 11 tl1n 1ir,t, law ,.f 11at11re.
1·.
llo \ \. t o 1•r11t,·l'l uiir 11at ici11 a11d :-it·e t1r1· it ~ }lf'rlllane11cy.
1

Tl1 e fn1lowi11g- ]':tragr;1plts a.re fru111 a speec h lieforc
th e Hn11 se ()f He pn•sen t;tt i \'t'S l1 y tl1t · Hon. IL R Hitt,
1>11 th ~ hill (11 a111e11<l cnt ai11 s1•< ·tio11s o[ t.lt e Hcvi sed
Stat11l1·.-:

:-1y!'ILP111

~

a.

l't'lati11 .~

to )11tkri 1·s:

.\ In . ."1 ·1-:AhLH: Tl11· 1.. tt• ·ry is t.l1t • 111ll>t 1wn1il'i t111 H :lllJ wicli::-;11rt•ad fnrr11 1d' ga1 11ldi11g \' i•·1· , l1t·1·a11 ~ 1· iL 11 st-....; for ils i11 :-;t ru111t ;11t
the l. 'ust-Ol lice llq1:1rl.11!f·11 t; th al is, lite (;u,·e n1111 e 11t.
T!te

olH'

111 111:--1 ·

it-.. fr1·ii r· ·:w lw-.;

:111d

!1:ili1 i 11 .

It \'.a-.:

( ;1 1 \···n 111t 1· t1I.

li1ii lt 11p ( l\ir 1tl ; L,:...:;11ili•:(·11L Jiu:-i! :l! .-.. .\ :-,!:·111, '.\ l1 i ~· ! 1
at s11e· li \·;1st (•x1u·11."' a111111 :dly. Y..f. thaL post;tl
i11:-ilr11r1H ' t1l l n -d;1y ; 111' ! llli~· lit· a l 111 1i:...: t lw (· ;tl ii·d tl1· ·
\\'1·

''· \\"hy l':i[tt.:cially ,] :111;.:·.. r1His i11 tl1<' 1;11i t1·d S Lal.es.
l1i111•;-.t•.

t()

tl1!" Pll '_'.l1 tlw \\l11il1·

iL d u1·;-; it l1y llw ;1id ., f tl1 1•

<:. 'J'Jll'ir lgnnra11 Ct\ and ~f a11d n·garcllng f'd 11 ca.f.i1)J1.
rf. ' l'h 1· ir ninr:tl cn11dil in11.

v.

is t· u1ill11 1·'1

_..;}11' .. ;td .. ;

i:-i

tlit ~

p :Lr L1wr1)r; 1c1·1·:...::-->i1 r .\· j ~r 1l1i ." .~T1';1t :...:\\ i1 Hl li 11~ ·"clll'J11t· . .

\Yiili ()11t tl11• :iid of t!Jt" (;.,,·.. r11111 e 11L tl11·u 1H,l1 tl1<· l'11.,1. (J lli1" '
lJt-1-p::t rt111 1•11t. t lw \\·l1p]1• 11t1....:i1p·..: ....: \\' q1ild 111• 1·1!l. dn w n !11 ;i IH''!"I' ] .. ,.;,J
g·a111l ii ill l'.' 1•.-.:tal 1] i:·di :111·nl.

1vc;il

µ;11 \'1· rt1 111 t · t;\.

:lll:-i\\· er ;i\

'J'l i:d b

d1 · f 11 1lw

\\ !1:d

I lrtt.--1

ljl'ua d• ·JJ.'-' tlw jil't """' Ill Lt\\' .-.11 t! 1;d ·a l~iI!1 ·r.\

111 .\

it·i• J 1( )\\ i·r.-.: 1,f t !w

I l1i-., !.ill ''ill

di1.

It

111· L !l11\\1· il
aft1· r it. is 111ai lt'd at. :\1 •\v < >r l1·:uis 11 r \\':is lii11 glu11, >vl 1i..!1 ;ir1· t ii »
crn d1·r:-; ,, f lit e l1dL1·ry 1111... : i111·;-;;-;, a1 1il tlu ~ tiff1·1 1d t· r;-; }H111 isli1·,I \\· !i,·rt·\'i ' !"
iJi t-~ l1·lt.1·r J.!.·• 11· :-;~ - 11111. :1lu1w i11 J.1111i.-.; ialia , \\"l1t'J'•~ j11ri1 ·:-;. 1';i11 1., .
r eadil y :11'fc·ct.-d J. y tlie l.re111t·11dtll1" IHl\\'I'\' or t li e l11 LLe ry l'" '" l"lllY .
Tt will t'I"' " ll1n 111:1ils to n1'" ' l'al" "rs :11hl' rLi .,i11 g lutte ri es, wl1 i• ·l1
will l ie a 11111,g .~II-[ • l11w:11·.J d1· struy i11 g t.l1l'ir 111e:l ll Kuf n:aeli i11 ,c; :111.f
deludi11 g th e vi cl i111 l1y :ill11ri11g ad \'e rli.'t' l11 l' 11 t; a11d J>ru 11 1is(•s ,vJ1i1·h
appeal lo l11e Cll\,•i d it y u[ the ig 11ura11 (. a11d u11 t.hi11ki11 g \\·l1u li ast1·11
to b e ri .. !t wit h1111 t lat1t1r. i'\o r du<'s it in I.h e least. i11l <· rf1• re with
the i11vi .. l; t!1ifit y of Lite f<c•: t! 1q «111 l. ·tl 1· rs, \\'lii cli \\'ill lll' as ~an•·d
he reafkr : is Iii"} ha\' e 111 ·.. 11 a11d always s huuld i.., . It :wtlturizes
the Pfl st. 111a st('r-(;,.JH: ral , 11111•11 satisfaclury e \'id e nce, wliid1 will
soo n ],.. t1l1tai1lt'.f l1y t.111• a g .. 11ts uf t lie l>q1a rl111 e 11t, i11 rt·g:1rJ Lo
the c harad e r of lo tt«1'y l..t.ln., , lt1 slop th e ir lr:rns111iss io11 tl1ru 11 ,g h
t he 111ail.' a 11 d i11'lit11(1• 1•rot:e1•di11 gs lo p1111i:'1 1 ll w;;e S1"1 11lin i;. \\'e
kn o\\' ll1al 1111• p,,,t 111:1s1t- r-< ; .. n1, ral will failhf11ll y ~111< 1 Z<'alu 11 s l.v
lt-ll1 · r '"111

pe rf0rn1 lii s part if \\'c dt1 n 11rs an d I''"' t.l1i s hill.
;w J t.lu it now.

0

Lt:L 11s 1.lo it ,

EXEH C ISE LXIV.
O JL\TOllY . -

T ll E l' U Ll' 1T.

S 11!1j1:1·ts :
ll is \l ore Hltoss1 ·d to Civ1; lha11
tu i<t·Ct' in•.
Tlt 1· ll1il ,1· ,,f S··lf-:\h111 ·gati 1111.

C hri Htia11 Co 111lud .
!\I a n s hall \ut Li v..• liy lln·:td
Al o n., .

200

l'ELtSU ASLUN.

Th e orator's success depe nds in no small degree u
his :;kill i11 adapting his style to his audience. A st
speaker in the backwoods "·ill nat urally adopt n
different tone from th<tt of :t legislator on the floor
Congress, even t ho11gl1 he may Le speaking on the SI\ ·
subject. An ignorant demagogu e will lmr<lly succe
in moving a cultivate1l a11die1u.:e, wl1il e, on the o
hand, an address that is "over the heads " of the heare
is cqtmll y futile. l•: it11er e xtreme i:s Lo lm avoided
that of desce11tliug lmlow cfl· of rising too far above tl
i11Lellect.11;t! level of those addressed. It may be oc
:sio11ally tha.t a11 orator'::; cml iti hc:st s11l1served
assuming to pl:we l1is atHlitor:s 011 a l1igl1 er plane, th
flatte ri11g tl1cir self-1·s!t:1!111. Hn t if thc,y are allowed~
s11spctt that this is done purposely t.lwy will naturall
feel insnltell aml witltl10l1l their sy rnpatl1y. Again, i~ ·
may seem best to endeavor to strike their own level, to.
talk to them jnst as th ey rnight Le cxpede<l to ta ,.
tl1 emsd ves. The d:wger here is tliat they may realiz ·
they arc being "talke(l tlow11 to" a11d feel that thek .
intelligence is being llllllermt,cd. The stur.Y is told of'
Pa.trick 1I emy that i11 certain of l1is speeches in Virginia
he went so far a;.; to imitate tl1e very dial ect of the
hackw(lo1l:-;11H·11. B11L the l'ffl'd, was 11ot. what he calculat ed upon. II is hearers kn1·w t.li:Lt this W<LS 011ly an
imitation and tl1en·fore an <Lrtilice. Th ey would havo ·
liste11 ed more resp ect.fully awl more williugly l1ad he
kept to l1is natural st y le.
Takillg all t.licse tl1ings i11Lo consideration it would
st· cm tliat. ill general th e lmst to11e to a<lopt is one some- ·
what above the level of the amlience, provided, of .
course, that this is natural to the speaker and not beyond

ORATOBY.

201

An au<lience naturally assumes that
.speaker has more knowledge or p owe r than they of
e kind he purposes to ex hibit or they would not come
· hear him. And eve n if li e does go Leyo ncl their inlligence n ow and lhen they will lmnlly resent it, for
tis rath er gratif,)'ing than otherwise to the a vcrage rna11
have it assumetl that li e kn ows sorncwl1at more tlian
e actually drws. Only, the speaker must g uanl against
xcursions aml flights in whi ch his arnlicn ce will wl1oll y
ail to follow l1im. The intricacies of politi c:; and thelogy, th e technicalities of science, and the a.bstrnetions
of philosopl1y, would clearly be out of pbcc before a
mixetl asse1nLlagc.
This may be said furth er: 111 general, tl1e l1i g l1 er the
intelligeJJ ce of tlic auditors th e more aver:;e will tl•l'.}'
be to rant antl homl1as t, the more qui ckly will tliuy resent ai1 y atLelllpt to influen ce their judgme nt by emotional appeals, tl1c more will tlwy earn for si111ple fact-;
and dispassionate re<Lson. Nut that they are necessarily
less emotional, or take less pleasure iu giving play to
their e111otin11al 11atures, only they r ealize that action
shoul1l lie governed hy wisdulll and j1ulgn1e11t rat.ll("r
than l1y me re illlp11lse. l f they wish to satisf.Y Ll11 '.
cravings uf this ellloti01rnl nature they k1111\v tl1 ey have
other resources, tl1e dra111a, for i11:-;lan1;e, arnl poetry.
where U1 c rc is little or 110 pe rsuasion to positive a11d
immediate action .
Pulpit oratory is pceuliarly apt to be of tlie emotional
type. If rnligion is a matter of scntime11t, of the feelings purely, there certainly can be no objeetiun to this.
But people are beginning tu demand a reason for ever_ything they tlo, and to suspec t any religious rnonme11t.,

"

< ll C \T O

as tlt l'.)' wo11 ld Sll!'jll' Ct :my politi('al 111nvc·1111 :11 t, which
(loes tlUt invile foll int ell1TLt1 ;il i11 v('st,iga.t.io11; <\ lld so
si1nJ>l1: c; :d1o rtati on in tl1 L' ]'lll]>it is rn uru a n1l more g iving
pla ce I ii t'''[>osi tion and arg111111 ·11t.
J\ g\10.! l'Xalllple til' t l11: JirsL ki11d (If prt·a('!ti11 g may
l1u f1n 111d 111 tl11: s1•1·111 11l ('l1:q1!t-r
(; l'orge Eliot's '
Adam Jfr, /, ·. Tl1 e 1'11\!1111 i11 g t·xa111J>ll' of ]'1111 1iL oratory
is talu11 fro111 tl1 e OJ>1'11i11g a11d close of a Sl! l'lllUll by

rouud tl 11 · 11lt' ciia 11i1 ·',; ham111f'r, arnl hl osso m fro 111 tli 1: """ n( ll 11 :
111 c rc iia 11 t", 1·:inl st il'k , a11il sit i11 the J oor R of el111rel11•s . :-;1>111c e:ill
tli e ni "fit·! io11."
~u111 e sty le t1l1t-'ITl " fahri cat inns." y ·Pll 111i glit
say 1hat. t lti·y wen.! ~ 11 \,t1...1 r f ng·P., disgui :··w, illu sio 11 , r11111 a 1u_·1·, t'\'a:.. ; io 11 ,
prl' l t•iiec•. !'al .I t·, 1lf•c·1·1•ti 1P1 1, 111i:-:n ·pn sl· tda t. ii111 ; l111t , a:-1 l .:L.1_11 1g 11(Jnu.t . ., f a11,YI l1i11 g- to !11• "a i111·d lo y tit" l1 i1li11;; or a ( ;.,,J.d,•h 111g- <rnl r; Lgt• 111 ,.J, ·r a J.·xi1 ·n~T:IJ'lll'r' s l.J :rnl;1·t., I , Iial l 1·l1i•·Ily call 1111·111 111
1

pl:ti1Jt'sL 1·1·r11:t1·11 l:i r -- Ii1·s. . . .
.
.
f.t •L \I S al l s tri\· 1 ~ t o 1·~~ \\ l1at \\'i • aJ•}~t·:t l' 1 11 \11" a11d \1a 111...:. li {r11111
0 11 r JiY l'S l'\'i •r \' t l 1i 11 g· 1liat 111111..: :-1 Jib ~ d1 ·1:1·pti u 11 , n·111t•11tl wri11.~ I h:d,

(; 0.J

Tl11• rn ;m• kn tl 1u 11 sa111l \\·ay' o f t1 ·lli11 g a lit:. A m:m's
e1il in· lift· 111:1y 1.,. :L f:i lsP l111111l, \\'l1 ilc- ll'itl1 J.i , li ]'s Ji ,, 111ay n ot ouce
din·dl y fabify. TherP an• th o' e \\'ho ,(all· \\'l1 al is i"'' itir ely unt m e. b11t a fte r\\'ard ,;a y " 1n ay l>e ·· sv fl ly. 'J'll<'.'it' d1 ·1•arl1m:s frou1
t. ht, Lrnth a re !':li1 1;d \\' hi ll' li t»;, 1J11 l tl1t•r1· is n ·:d ly 110 s 11cli thing n.s
a \\'l1i le li l' . T l11, \rlii1,. 4 l il' t ha t. \\';" 1·1·1· r (,,J, ] \\·as as l1lack Ill!
pl' rditi .. 11. Tl11·n : an· 111 .. 11 hi ;J1 i11 l' i111r<' h :111d sla t .. , ac(11a.lly 11sef 11 l, s1 •lf-d1· 11 y i11 g. aud 11 0 1\t';-;I, i 11 11 1;i11 y tl1i11g-:-;. \\ho, upou cc rt:Lin
s 11 loj1TI' a11d i11 1·1· r la i11 ' l'l 11• n·, , :ll'<' l1t•L al all tu J,,. d1·1 ><' 1Hl1:J 11pon
rl) r \'l' l":tl'ily. I 11.!l'>' d , ( hl' rt' are'. 11 11ill il.11 .J,., uf 111 1· 11 \11111 have t.l1cir
11ul io11 ,, f l ru t hf11l11i>ss so t l1u1-.•11 g lil y ]"'n·,.rt,. ,] tha t illl'y do not
k11nw \1·]11·11 tlll'r arP l y i 1 1 .~. \\"i th 11i:1 11y ii. is :L c11lli\·atcd sin;
\\'it l1 :-;0 11u· it !' t·•·1 11:-; a. 11:il11r;d i11 fi ri 11i ty.
l ha\·1· k1u1\\· 11 pt.:o plew ho
"'' 'l Jll' d tu l1;i n ' lw1·11 loorn li:ir, . 'J'l1 l'. J'al " ·l111111l' .. r ili l' ir lives exLt•11 1h- d

fr11111

cra •l le

tl,

g ra\·l·.

l' n·,·a ri l'al iu 11 , 111i :-.irt• 11r~ :-=.t '1 1 lation,

and di :-: l11J11j· :·d.\' 111' :-i }11 'i· 1· li, ;q 1p1·:1n·t! i11 tl11·ir lir ...;t, 11t.11: ra11 ces and
\\'l'r<' :ts 11 al 11r:i l t .. 1111·111 a s a11 y uf 1J1,.ir i11f:i11till' <li s1·asL' s, a nd
\\'(' re :L s1irt u f 111ur:tl l'i"""I ' o r s piritual s!':crlati11a. ll11L 111:rny
li:1n· ht•1•11 J>l a1·1·d i11 ci rc11111sl;111ct·s \\'h('l'e tlii s t1; 111k11 cy li a.s d:Ly
liy d ay :i nd ho11r l1y l11>11r 11('1• 11 calk1l to largl! r dc·1•elop11w11t.
Tl11·y !.a n ' gu 11 .. frl) 111 attai11111e 11 t tu atla i111111·1d , a111l frurn cbtSti to
c lass. 1111 til tl11 ·.1· har e lw1·1 >111 e l'l'g" lliarl y ,_; rad11at. ·d liars.
Th e air o ( the city iti fill1·d wi th .faJ.,>:111 .. Hk Th ey ha ng
p<·11d1·11t fru111 t !11• clia11d vlie rti uf 0 11r li11 .. ;;L n· s id1•11 t:c!S. They
c ro\\' d tJ1,. , J, ,·h1·s o f so1111• of 011r 1111·rc h :t11 t pr i11c1:s . They fill
l11 e , id l'11·:tlk fr,. 111 r· 11 rl 1., (,, 11 1• (11 loru1\" 11-., t •l lll! f:11· i11 g . Thl'y c l11 ;;Ler

lt \".

;.l'l't ·ai

\\'il l y1•t,
In tl1 n 1111 i1">· r'" \\' hat. \\'e n ·:t!I ,\ ' a n•.
T o ni:i; 1y. ala s. tl1i s lifio is a 111 :1,q11 e ra d t: ha ll. A s aL "11·!1
c nh ·rLai 1111 1 ~· 1d :-; g ·+'1i1!1·11u·11 and ladil':-; appt• a.r in tl1 e dn •s:' ul l1.i11 gs
:i nd q11 P•·11 s, rno1111 Lti11 l1;L\Jl lits or 1:!1>11' 11 s. ;111d a(, ll11• t: l n~e or I i."'
d:~ 11 ct· tlinrn· oil t hl' ir tli ,f,: 11i s.:s, so 111 a 11 y :ti! llmi11 .~l1 lir,. 1110,·e 111
rnask. Anu,;s t.111 ~ ll tJo r tl11•y tr i1• 111 L! 1-rily. Tl11 : Jig-lits SJ':irkl1 ~
:tl o ng- t.J 11 , wa ll or 1lrnp fr ,.111 t he c:.· ili 11g, a. y1• ry t:oh ,.r t. of fir1·.
'J'J 1,, ft. .. L l11.1111d , g» 1111m•d l1:u 1d s slr1·!t- h<·d 011t "'a' I' gt•111 11 11., J
}i; 111 d ~, d: 111v i11g· fl't·L l"4' SJIO IHI t o dan cin g fl'el, ~ l ea111i11~ l 1n 1 w
].., 11 ,Js l oll' t.o g lt· a 11ii11 g l•n l\1". 011 with Liu~ tl ;t111:e ! Fl ash :tJJ•l
rn , (J ., :111 ,J la11 ~· lit1·r a11d i111111,·aK11r:tl•l t! IJJ>'IT,\' lll ak i11 g- I ll 11L tl 11'
l:Lllg·1111 r of d>'a.t.1 1 c•"""" 0Y1· r t,h., li111l is a1 .. l li l11r; tl1e Kig ht .
Li ; lit s 1»11'•'1"; fln 111·s l1ullow wit.Ii s1•IJ111lt'.hral 1•cl1u ; 11111 , ie sadd1•11'
i 11 t o ;L ,,·ail. Li g·h t,,; lrn1·1·r; tl11 ' llla~ k1 • rs c:rn ha rd ly """' J,e "''' ";
tl ow i •r:-1 Pxi ·l i:t n gj' t1 11• ir frag ra11 en fo r a. l"i i t; k1 ~ 11i 11}.{ <1dor, ~1wl 1 a :-i
e< •llll'S from p;a.r l:111d' t.l1at lt ;LVe ]ai11 i11 v: uilt s of <·1· 1111•Ll' l'i t•s .
l,i ..- J1ts lo w<·r ; 11 ,i ,ts fill tl 11• rnu lll ; gbR~i·s r:i.tt I» a' I IH11 1µ; li sh akt·11

1, y.-.sull 1 ~ 11 1h 1111d t• r ;

sigl 1s s1• 1·111

ea u ~·lt t a.tn o ng t.lu~

1·11rt ai 11 :-:;

Sl'arf

r::11,

frn 111 t 111 : slit11ild1 ·r o f loea111.y - a shrn u1l. Li g ht , lo 11·1· r ;
IJ\·c•r tli B s liJ'i"'ry l otJ:t nl s i11 1l:t11ce u [ deatl1 g- lide je;d o11 , ic' '· d i.' a]'l'"i11t111<·11t,, l11 st., tl •»' ['air; to rn leav es and w it lll'n'< l_ g-:i rla11d s
0 11 Jy h alf hi1le the 11 lce re•l fr1·t; tlie st.1;11 c li ot the s 111 ok1~1t: l:t1111'wicks a ]n1 u't f"\ll<' 1tCl1t-•1l , ch o ki11 t: 1l :w1 ps, t:h i li i11 t•Ss, f,,ct st ti] , lllUJd :l
fo lded , l',Yt'S sl 111t, \' u iees hush ed.

Li g·l1h uul I

\

OIL\TU1~\'.

l1carl-; "f Jij,, lwan·rs (11 gTnni11ak i11 du,~ St':tr;r11l :t111l
lilos.'<11JJ1 i1t!11 !1Jn·h· lll' 11111.11·,.1_,. ('h:1.raders a11il lt.·:11·

fruit i11 d .. ,.,;,., that .'<h:ill J,,. a
()]: .\ I 1 11< Y . -· T 11 I·:

«Ill"<'

ur a l1ks.-;i J1 g tll :iii

liu111:111ih·.
\\'ith 1l1i ~ r•·:ili'l:Jti1111 foll 11po11 l1illl ]11' rn:1y
\\'(•[J f«•1•J 1Ji:ii IJ1i• 1·1 • j_,.; lit> tii.~;11it_I' Ill' .~illl't'Jj(,1 · I l l \\jciiJlllll

I' I, YI' I·'! >I: \ 1.

or strcllgtl1 tl1ttL lw ,.;J1\!llltl nut 0triv(~ tu attai11.
'l'lti' (; r1 · ai1 ·~ t. \ ,.,.i[ cii. 1 )1 .. ,-\L'."P.
TJ1t• l'a ,-.::--i(lll l' i:1y ;\ l ( >lw 1: 111 1111 •'r'-.:,;Lll.

•· .~\';1·1·l

tw-..: ...;

Tl11' ,. . . , f :1l•dily

()r t /11 · .-..:.1 :1 r.'-' .
'J'he }\1cult._v tA ..-\\•jt1·,·ci;di1J11.
~h)ri1"...;

I 11."!

'l'ltt-4

Li.~· l1t."

a11d

11f .\tiH'l" il'ill!

;t 111 i1i11~' -

· ~·

~- -~( -

l'o111i11.~ lt at_
't"".

-~-.

'_l'l11-' l)uriLLtt:-:.

Ou lltL'. i1uLlic: l,:,·u1n: ;,i;LLll1l'lll tll'lll"n· ti11d,; ;wrlups
.- .:('ttiH '.
l it'l'I' ~i1li.1t·~ ·1~ ;!]'(' dr;t\\' l t fl'tll!l i'\'Vlj'
pnss jLi e 1l l"·lrL ilppe:d:-.: :1n · 11i;11i1~ t-1) C'YfT\. rnner•i-r;1l 1lc•
its_ iJJ"i1;td1·:-;t

1'1ill ph,1· <>i' l1i~ i " '''"·:·,; :111,J
t-'Vt•!"V

r.-..:.nll!"«t" Hi· 111,...;

illi~ \\"(J]jj([
II<>

>;1•1

i' 1

.
:;;;

'

l ic:·., Uw11 tlw tH'itLoJ'
JJl:I\' Ji,. 1'\j)l'l'li-ii (il ll.·;i·

:ll'l'

1·.I J

fr · ~ · lll

i11,.\i111 ,/

~Jw11· i11st r1 11·\ i 1l/t

;tS ;1. 111t·;u1:-; r111·

~

1Jllll!dlld.

! 1 1 ;It'\.\']"\ -

lll

d011i>t (J1<• j>l'<•j<il'

--

__,,_._

] !,'-.,

j~lJJ'iHl,...;1•.

I" [,,.,j;

lljt<•ll

,'\JJd

ii .'m)1•Jy
t;itt

11!' 1 l1t1·1·LLlt1!11t'llL

Ti'" [1., ·l 11 i'(' 1·l:111'111·111 i.-; :1 llll':ll1.-;
L•r lil'ing-i11:..:· ti:<' .: J•·::i ll':1'1c·1-.-; <>f t!I\' 11,,1\d's tl11111,c;·l1(,
11

I~

Jill ii'<' t li:11; t i::i 1.

:l11d :t(·li•di ii 1~ti

l:'.:ul.

c

~( 1 ;--,1 ·1· f1ilJ1 ·l 1 \\· it)1 !!11· Jt1:1 ...;...., t •:·..; \\·fi,1111 llw\·

'1' ! 11~ t.1· 11t " l11:l1lit: ur;i.Ltir l't'.~1111.t'.:--\ t l1i~ .

t1:at wl:ik h(·

iiilily i,; gre;:l

1it'.

l\lltl\\'s

it tri
He knows that !ii::; responsi-

m:1y instr1iet :l!Hl am11.'<I'· 1;,. ;],-"""

i,.... ,.;111>".1• l1i>'. "J>iH>rf1111d_y i.-. gT•'at. a11.J 11i.~

i1dl11 .. n1·•' in,-;1it-11i ul.!,-.

if.., i-:11 .. 1'•" tlictl 1111- lit Iv find

- -·=
---~ -

~
---,,,--..

1) Alt'l' III.
~Iiscellaneous

For1ns.

1'.

·\

Introductory: Scope and Complete Method of
Composition.
In the foregoing Parts, following the commonly
accepte(l llivision of the. sul1jed or Compo::;ition, we
have made a survey of the whole tit,\(1, so far ns scemeJ.
practicable.
lt li:ts frequeutly been seen how the
several l1ivisions overlaI_J and intermingle, making a11ytl1ing like a s11arply defi ned anu ll1 e rdore exl1:tu::;Live
J.ivision irnpossihle. It will he seen further that pro111inen ce of any element or attribute not made the htsis
of our <li vision - peculiar qualities of style, spce ilic
practic~tl or litemry purposes, etc., - g iv es ri se to forms
not sufficiently provided for in om method. They
could be fitted i11to om sdicmc of classification tloulitless, but the process woulJ. involve e111barra,.;si11g (listortion. All the o1cl prin cip1es mnst ho1(l gooll, too, lJ11t
there will l1avc to he rno(lilicatious arnl a(la,ptatious to
accord with the pccufou· form or speei fie purposL:.
Bee:u1sc of t11is a few exercises arc adtlell l1l'n: <k:iling \\·ith the more pro111i11 ent forms of co11q1ositiu11 tl1:tt
thus arise. Th e list ca1111ot he complete, and 111:ty 110 L
Le very l1elpful, lmt it will at least serve to show how
varied aml i11tercsti11g, pr<Letice ir1 writing can lie m;u1e.
Special snbject~ are not given, 1111t tlie st11donL will
readily tiiul or make them. A character sclf-1kveloj>L'<l
and se1f-portmyml l 1y speech or action ; :t dial eel sketch,
Yankee, Hoosier, Creole, Negrn, <.'hi11ese; :L critiea.l
re view uf a favorite liook, of the la.st kct11re, opera,
pby; n, fashion note, a bit of gossip; a :; lMy from

' 'I

.1

\

:no

N EWS.

L:o 11ntry, villag·e, or city life; a rom:uwc, a ghost story;
a rc mi11isee n('l\ a drca111, a rn cclitalin11; - ll1 e variety of
t.11 e mes i:; e11dlt•s,;.
On e tli i1 1g will lic:tr em plt:tsi>< l1 L· n:. 1L lifts already
l1ce ll dwd t 11p1111 111 Exl'n·ist·;.; I\ ' . a11ll .XXVIII.XXX. It is tl11! art. of ><l'h:di1111. It r1·><ts simply
11po11 illl: fad tl1at notltin ,g·.i;.; 1·•111:illy i111p.,rtn.nt at all
ti111L'><, 111 1r :ill tlti11 ,!_('s a( tl11: sa1 11 1: ti111 1: . Trn1: ge nerally, th i,; is j>artiv1ilady trn l' i11 ll'lt1·1-,~ . Tl1 n 11 wre fact
lint!. a tlii11 g· l'Xi,; t,-: is n" t ,;1illi1 ·i1 ·nt 1·x1;11 s1: f"r tl1rnsti11 g it ll[ irn1 011r alt e11(i1111. \\'t: l1o ld ,;u111 e tltin 0o·s of
more <HT•>1 111 L tl1a11 ntllt'rs and l':t111111L aff.,rd Lo spend
ti1n e O\' l' I' t 11.,se tha t 11 t· itl1 t· r lt:u·n1 11or ltdp IH•r in terest
us. J\nd t rntlt it :<l'lf 1nay of(( •J1 .]., n1111 u of tl1 eRe.
B(•,;id l's ll't' l1an: a lii .!.!·lll' r co11 t·(•p!i11n "r !lie 1•r11vince of
art than tlt e 11H·rt: rq1 rodudi1111 of tl1i11 g s as lli1\y ;tre
\\·itl11rnt l'\'co11 :t l'l1ang·t: of (·on1l1i11at i"11. Ad 11al fact5,
tn1t.l1 - :<1·ie111·c i>< 1·rn11Tl'llL'd with tliaL. B11 t there is
anoth er kind of tr11tl1 , \\·itl1 wl1i1·!1 arl. i;.; 1·011<·u rn ctl tr11t l1 to wl1al 111ig l1t ill', "u g ltt !." l>t' , 011gl1t no t to he.
Fidl'li ty, not. only (11 \\' hat is, l111 t t" \1·l1 at i:< pr"l1:t.l1l e or
l"'""ilil e - gra 1Jt. l l1i s 111 111 : 11·itl1i11 till : s1'"1't : of art :tnd
yon !tan~ :t c·rn11·1·1 •t io11 11·1i rtl1 y of a cn•:tt.iv 1: 111i11d. The
a rt nf sell'd i1 111 tlt(·n·f11n : lll l':t lls rn111·l1. It looks for\l';trcl to l'l• t11l1i1mti111 1. 1·onstJ'11(· tio11 - s11 c h c-rt•aLlon : L~
we arc (·apalil1: of. "IL 11J L':111s that tl1is fc·at11n: rnui:;t be
take n in lad , t l1:t( f1·:1t 11re 11111:\t. lie 111odili ed , t.l ie other
nnu;L he n :jedecl. IL 11u·:u1s t.ltat, e:ll'h part must be
good aml appropriate arHl that a ll part:; mnst. fit together so t ha t th e " ·!tole shal l
good. For practi cal
sn ggestionR re lati 1·e to this process the student is
refe rred t1J t he Exercises citecl ahore. J\lore can ho

ue

le:1rnetl in t h e aUc111pt lo a.pply the prin1:ipl c>< a11d i11
th e ,;ludy of :<l!et.;CSsfol 1\·urk. .i\ntl t l1 e rnerc keepi1!g
i11 111i11d tl1 c 11 eccs><ity of L:11ltivati 11 g tl1is art of selection
a111l r l'jeeliun will h elp towanl it:; lx:tlc r attai11m e nt.
If 11ow we Ltke :\Ir. lh1ski11's c:tnon - "H1•111e ml1e r
always, you Im Ye t \\' iJ t'. l1arad e rs i11 wl1id1 all g reatiH·ss
uf :1rt, 1·1lJ 1si;.;ts: - - First , tl1 e earn c><L a.11d i1i!1 ·11se scizi11g
u[ na( ural fo..ts; tl11 ·11 1l1 e ord e ring 1!1 ..se Ln:h liy
::; trl' 1wtl1 of 1111111:111 i11t.ell cel, so :ts tu m:1k e tlll'lll, f1 1r al l
wl11> 1"1Jk upo n tl11.: 111, Lo Ll1e uLmust se n ·in:a lil t:, 111 t· nH1ral1le, ;t11t l lie: tutif1tl ·• - if we take tl1i ,.; a111l cu11sitle r it.
:t:< a.ppli Gable tu tl 1e arL uf <·0111po><iti on, it will l1u seen
tl1at \\'C l1av e ,;uppk111 c 11 Le<l it wi t h tll'O otl1 e r •• t·ltarae;ters" possi l1l y eun1prelte1lllell l1y J\lr. Huskin in tlu :
:d>ul'C - se kdion arnl L:X]ll'et:isi1111 .
i\ fll'r (\1 u " se izin g
uf nat ural fo.d s," \\'l1i1 ·h \\'its the l1u nl1·1 1 of tin: firs t part.
of our work, t· omcs tl1e 1li><e ri111inati1>11 am ong tl1 c111 and
se l 1:d io11, ,;po ke n o f ll1 c n· a!l(l r epeated \\'it 11 t• n1pha...; is
l1 e re . Th e n folluws tl1 e onl e ring uf tl1o:<e fads ·arrangern e nt - so el oque ntl y i11 s isle<l 11pun ],y :\fr. Hu;.;kin. La;.;tl y ('lllll et:i ad eq11:1!.c e xpre:<sio11, wlii eh luge tll('r
with arra11 gu 111 c11(. !tas l1ee 11 ><pe1·iall y di><<:11sse1l in tlH ~
i11Lr!Hl11di"11 to l'art I I. Such is Ll1 e ('.On1plctc 111ethod
nf com1•osi t ion; follow it in e ve ry e n1le<tvor, no 11mtt e r
l1n w impe rfec tly , tl1ro11 gh th e se 1·ernl st.ages, a nd th e
l'C:<ll ]t eannot Ue wl101ly had.
~

EXEB CTSE LXVI.
NEWS.

Of t11c many tlep<utmc nts of journalism, we sl1a1 1
co nsi(kr two or three onl y, whi eh es pcl' ially de111<incl t.l1e

\

:21 :2

c\llS<' J·: LL A:-.: EolJS FO l: '.l ts .

exe n ·.is"v of tl ie· l Je 11. (_-) 11 e u [' ti H'."<' is
· t ]1e prepam t ion
vf HC\r:> f ur Lb~ daih- :tn1l \\"\'1 ·Jd,, pn ·s,.;, 1\1'\\',.;-.~:ith r r­
ing a11d rr porti1 1.:..; 1·c11 htilt1te a jJ l'<d't ·,.;.,.; j()n in t l i f• rn,.; 1 .jvt·~
a11d l«L11 11ot he t n •<ill'tl of at :u1 y le1w1 li l1 e re. A fo w
l1i 1i L,.;, l1 cl\n:n· r, l':111n ot eu11H.: a m i;s , ]·~ ,!' tl1L·re i,.; at least
o n e. ], i111 l o f lt l'\\'S-l'l' jlOrt in g c·o 111 !ll <J11 i11 t l1i,.; co nn t ry
w I 11 1..: lt 11111 ,.;l I 1u i111d L·rt ab· 11 I 1y 111111-J>rn fl's,.; iu na ls. Tli is
i .~ tl1< · J1 c 11:-i-ld1 t.: r \v li ic:l 1 is :>t' ll L at rq~· 1il a r i11tnval:; to a
<' it,r o r eo u11ty pape r 11,r 1"1 rrl',.; J1<>1Hle11 t,.; in ad jacent
i.< 1w11 s or 1·0 1111t ry d ist rid s too tl1 i11ly JH>J111l: itl·ll to sup)JP J'l l1wa l l" l[ ll'rs (I f th e ir o\l·n . Yirtuall y th e same
[' l'ill\' ij>l1·s !111]1! g oo1 l lll' i'l: " ·" i11 till' l1i .~· l1 l' I' fo r1J1s of
jo ur11 ;tl is li 1: \1'<11'1'; a 11d tl 1c Lid;: o f a kn11 11·l1·d gu of tli em
i,.; pai1 1f1il l.' · <·1·id 1• 11 t i n al 11 1ost all t lH: 1·u 1rn t ry ll ewsJ><lJler:> i n tli e la 11d .
I'.1 i li e first. pla n :. \l·l1a[, is kg itiniat e 11e ws '! A ll happe nrn gs, w e say , of gt ' IH.: ra l i11 te n •s t a11 il prmrnmal>ly not
n :t g l' ne rally kn own , wli id1 it \\' ill r1 o 111 1 harm , or at
a ny rate, mo re gov1 l t l1an l1an11 , lo <·0 11111111nii:.:1tt.e to tlte
j> ll lili c. It i,.; a t on ce ma11 ifest t li aL O<T ll! Te 11ces whi ch
are u( i1it 1•r\·st. 0 111 .r t11 t lt11:-;e ,rJ1 0 ill '\! ad 11al \\'iti ws,.,es of
tl1 1:111 or i iar ti \· ip;111 ts i11 tl1 t• 111, i:.: a1111 ot )ll'Ojl('l'] .Y lie <le::; igna le tl 11 1·1r,.;. O n ti ll: 11 tl 1t· r l1 :1 11d , '1'11 e n we say that
t.lwy :-l111 1il1l l11 : 11[ g1· 11 1·r;i ] i1i1 1·rL·s t, w u ,](, not lll ean by
t lia t, 11111 1·i:.:rsa l 11it l' n'" t. :-\ 11.. h i11t 1.: n :st will <tLtach to
\'l' J',Y few e n ·1Jts, i11d c:1· 1L
Hu t tl ie i111purta11 ee of the
11 e 1\·::; w ill be lll l'as ured l1y tl1 e d egree a11<l exte n t of the
in ter es l wl1i el 1 i t e xt' it es, a1 Hl tli e He ws-gather er, re inemhe rin g- th is fad, a 11d t:i 1'i11g a1·t·o11n (, of Ii i::; p 11 lilie, will
he al.l e lo 1li sn i111i11al1· :ic1·ord i1 1gly. ](, sl1 01tl 1l lJe eoll::;iden:d, L•11>, tl1at a J•i<T C of ll e \\'s 111 <Lj' 11e:-i r a ve ry <liffe r1•n t. i11 q111rla11tT, a t·1 .. 1nli1 1g :ts tl1t ! p1tl ilic int urest i::;

HI!\' 11!1(' \\':111( !<> 1" 11•1\' tl1:1t :t 1't'rl:1 i11 "iti 11 ·11 11f :1 11
:\ l11i111· (.. 11 11 11:1.,.; ,.; 11d1k 1il.1· i:il1"11 ill, 1111\'ll ti ll' \I j,,.j ,.
to wn is U1rL'< lt e 11 ed lJy ;tn a \'i tLt.11d1e ·~ I n p u lilit: 1Ti ,.;L·,;,
at t imn; o( lu('ill or n a li 1111 al eleeLio11,.;, 1·.. k l. rat i11 11,.;,
r.nl:1111iti u,;, Jl l'WSji<tpi:.:rs a re f ull y w;tl'l':l.llt l! d 11 1 n ·jl'l'li 11.:..;
i te 111 ,.. pf ll ews 1h;tt at o!l ll' I' t.i11w,.; w o 1i11l lie fr n ·l\' adm itted .
L et e\'erytl 1i11 g u ( t11 e 11 at 11re o f gns::; ip Im ,.;1 •d1 t! o 11,.; ly
av oi <lt-11. 1>11 1Jot. tl 1• ,.;1·1' 1HI t (I sma ll t:1lL i.Jk t:tl"" · 1 :1.~· 11 ..
r 11111on;, i11 11 11e11 does, m alll' l'S t.liat a p peal to a11 u 111\'l1rtl1.\·
e uri o,;i t r n 1tl1 e r i l1 a 11 Lo a l1 i:.:altl1,v i 11 tn e; L Ll'l, pun·l.1·
pri \'a l.e .affai r,; rl'lllil in p riv ;tlc. l t Illa r h : t li :1t J't"'i' \1,
a re rn1 m ore pr11rn~ lo-da.y lli; tn tlu..: Y en·1 " ".: 1e tn pi y
in to Lh i:.:i r 11 l' ig l1l1ors' :;eeret.o.; - it, is e x l ri:.: lll d,Y prnl1a li!t·
t hat tlwy a n : eV<: ll less i;u - -- l!!t!. th e i11nl' :ts1· d Ll\'ilit i1·,.;
fur t h e disse minat io n o f lll,\\'" l1ave Hnd o uht i:.: dly l' ll lltr ih u tcd m11 1·l1 to t li e violation of tli c sa nct it y of p r i\' a lt:
li fe. I t i,.; ::;ah·st a ml l1e::;t t o l>e< ·u11w 110 pa.rty lo stll'l1
vio latiun .
H e lll e llll1i: r, too, t.l1 e i11 i:.:ale 11lal1 le pow e r 11f t l1 e pri:.: ,.;,.;
fo r b" <11lll as wdl as for e vil. :-l l'arl'l1 for lliat \l·lii l' li is
h <· nc ti cial and e1t11olili11g a:; st lllliou::; ]_r as y 11 u a voi 1l t l1 al.
wl1icl1 j,.; i11j11rioll :> 1t11 <l 1l \·g ra 1li11 g . !'-i l'1·k t11 st illl111a! 1:
<'l'll <:.: rnl i11 t<:.: rest in 111 l' a,.;11 re:> tl i;tL a re f11 r t lit' gl' Jl<' ral
~·ov1l. Y (l ll m11 ::;t <l eal with l'tllllJ.1<U«tti l'l'ly tri \' ia l 111alLt 'r::; it m ay lie, lrn t 11 011 e tli e le::;::; for111 a l1i g l1 l' I' eu1H:t: pt.ion of th e ofli ee of Jte \\·s m on ger i11an th e lll t!l'l: 11a11 ie
i111pli es. Pa rti es a 111l \' i,; its, a cl'i<le11 L-;, i:.: ri11H ·s. sit'klll·s:-;,
hi rt It,;, 111a rri age,.;, a 111l 1l eal.11,.,, 11 ee<l 11ot f11r111 ll ie slap le
of 11 c ws . T l1 e go<Hl or h tll euml it iun o [ t he rna11s, t he
d ea 11 lin 1·ss of llile k 1lu11ry a.n b 11r th e ti <li11 e,.;s of fr1111l

\

)Il.~ C.ELLANEO U::5

FUI\:llS.

011(·s, t l1 c aetiv i t.y of (r;1dv. th e o rga11i zalio11 nf elubs,
Ll 1<: prog ress 11f rdon11s, - i11 slwrt, all matte rs affecting
ll1 c li ea l t li 11r prosperity of tli e ('0 1111n1111i ty ;;]1oul<l not
go 1111111>tivc il. It is s1m ·ly a,.; Wt·ll " ·1irtl1 n :p11rting that
nfr. BrlJ\\'11 lia ..., irnpmtl'd a ti11 e J>•1 inti11g or a ra.re. book
fro rn L11111l1111 a:; t lia t ;\ f'r. (; l'l'c11 l1 ;Ls dri n·11 all l1is hogs
lo 1narkd. ::\o L tl1a( tl1c la t ter rnay no t liL: wurt.h rcpurt i11 g . IHJl .r d u llll i l1·L it l'J'O\l' ll 1111l tll( ~ f1Jl'lllCI'.

.A ftn d11 e ili,.;(')'illli11;iti1111 is 111<1d e i11 reganl to the
11at11 re of tl1 e items n·11111te d , tl1 t·n· n ·111ai11,.; tlie <1u estion
of l11J\v JJ111!'lt 11r l1ow Jilli e is Lo lie i1wlude<l i11 each
item. Uf t·1111l -,. ;c all tl1e hn:v ity a11d \'OJtdc11sation pos,.;il1l u ;in· 1h-111a11d n J l11·rt:.
B11L tl1 e rn 111u;;t lie co m1Jlete1wss too. ( ·,m;;ide r 11·l1at q11 eo<li1111s wu11ld nat urally
ari:se i11 y•111r lllnl 111i111l (111 lir,.; L lH'<tri11 g of th e occurn·nc e to lie rvporte1l. lbs tlil'l'C hce n a fire? Then
wltcre "·,~-; i l ·) \\. li e n was i t:' ll u w di1l i t ori g inate?
H o w w;L-; it di::;eo ve reil ., \\' ha t 11was11res w e re ta k e n
to e x l ingui :s l1 i t'? \\'l1a t \\'e re !lie nat11rn an<l extent

(Jf t.l1 c tbmage '?

\\Till it lJe n·pairl'<l '! On w!tnm falls
tl1 e lu,.;s ? \\' li <Lt is tl> L' a11111t111L 11f' i11,.;11rall ce? Many a
]>il't'e uf 11 L·\1·,.; i...; ll1J.'>ati:-;f':1d11ry IJL·1·ause iL fails tu answer
llH:s\: <ptl'sliu11,.;. , \n d n1a11y a l 1i\:t·e is 1111satisfactory
too litTa11,.;,, it. 111akl',; 1111 l' xp lai 1ll'il all11siu11s 11r t<Lkcs fol'
grn11tetl a l\1 1owledgc of' et: rLti11 e1·1·11b wl1i e li lll<tn y
n;atkrs ea 1111 11L possilJI} li ;L1·e. Tli t: f.,Ilowi11g it.c m frum
a e urre11t n e ws1iape r :-;ee 111s to ,.;i11 in tl1is la.st regard:

.NE\\'S.

~15

Of eu urse the news in a great daily n ewspape r must be
in many respect<; like the co nsecutiv e clrnpte rs of a
serial s to ry, aml tltose wli o are n ot constan t r eaders ~a1_1not e xpe c t to un<le rstaml all t h at is printe d. But 1t is
n evertl1 l'l ess tli e tl11t.y of n e ws-wri ters to make e ver y separate article rts ::;elf-e x p1anatory am1 in telligible as poss ible .
N e ws-le tte rs a nd n e w:; "specials" should of course
be purel y obj ective in character. They offer n o occasion for the obtrusi on of p e rsonal opi 11ions ; th e re are
othe r d e partments of a n e w:;papc r through whi ch th ese
may find e xpression. Sti c k to fact-; : the temptatio n to
d epart from tlicm i:; s tro n g ly felt ar'.cl n o t al W<L}:s
r es i8 ted by one who i:; eon:;tantly pand e rin g to people s
d esire for th e novel an<l c uri o us. But the lrnth, m ore
often than is s n spec tecl, is bo th n e w and :;trn11ge. Anrl
the truth i:; e v er lJe::;t. Ev e n the whole trnt.h 1n;Ly n ot
always he writte n and publish e d e itl1 e r with :;afety lo
the writer or with be n e fit to t h e publi c. That you
know a man to be a co ward doe:; not make it in cuml.x:mt
upon you to proclaim him on e from the ho11se U_>[Js.
Give fac t::;, so ma11y and :;ueh fac t<; as are we ll t o give,
and g ive them \\'i tlt o ut co mment. ~v e n praise !1•r th e
public spirit of n. c itize n or for an y vntuon:; act is more
d e li cate and a.e ceptahle if le ft to b e gath e re d from
the straightforward a rco unt of tleeds and not addl:il
e xl'li c itl y. a nd hlnntly aL the e ml of the a ccoun t . S hun
such old formulas as, "Our b e:;t wi:;hes for su cee:;s go
with him, " and, "\V e take JJle asure in noting hi:; co m-

N Eii' Yn1tK, Noven 1be r 10.
A111 e riea11 n·pr .. ~e 11la l in! o [ L on]
Du1JJ·a 1·1·11, rt'l'l'il' etl a c:tl.ileg r;c111 111-da y ,,ay i11 g lliat lJu11nt1·e 11' 8

m e ndable zeal."
Lastly, give some hee d to the cornpo:;ition, tlie styl e.

l'l 1all ,. 11 gc for ll 1e A111 e ri ca <'UJ' i11 1 S!l:J j_, eu 1J1i11 g tliru11 g h tli e mails
1y t l1i ' .·d 1« 1r11 e r C1·n11a11 i1·, \\ 1ii1·l1 i .. .; d111• li L'l't ' a \\'i •l' k fr1Jlll to- IHtHTo w.

N e ws i 8 n ecessarily tl1e most hastily writte n o f all
matte r intended for print. .Bnt c learne:ss and simpli c-

l l. :\la fl' lan tl Jn:;ey ,

l

tJ,.,

I.

\

:21G

:211

El>ITlll:L\.L:-'.

ity are the g reat essential s and tl1c:sc onglit to attend

snp[ikrnc11t the new." 1·1111111111,; l1y f11rni,;l1111 g tl1i,.;

rn1>id

111, .111..

writing

1111 1re

naturally

tl1a11

tl1vir llj>positcs.

Tl 1ere is nn ti1111' t11 ti1i11k su !ll11g tii;L L iilllii Ll1ouglit
and cxprc~:--:i= 1 n lwco1nc inYPh·t·d~ ;1tHl tlH'IT is no nriPrl
(<> s1·an·li rill' Ol'll<illlt'lll. Yiv:l!'il\' llf [tllll ', wl1enever it
ea11 he i1111 1ar!<'d, will 1·1>111ni>11te ll!lldt toward g 1vll!gan y arliv le tlie cliaravLer kt11>\\·11 as •• JI C\\'s\·." News
writing Illa,\' 110L J,c tlH: pLw1 ; for a ili,;i1]a\' of pen;onaiity, l>11L s111>H· dvgn·1· llf it " ·>ii ii\' a1T1·pla l1ie C \' 0 11
li e n·. }'or l'XOlllljlI C, lL \\·o uld 111..: a great 1·elid Lu a
l1>11g-s1llll'ri11g p1 1i1i1c lo ill' ai>l1 : Ill r1·ad a11 a1T11t111L (1f a
l1il'l It i 11 \\ l1ic!t tlwre is 110 lll!'llt i1111 "( a "s111ili11g'"
fat111:r, 11f a. 11·1_•dd 111g i11 11·!111·11 ti,._.. l_111 olc· l.'< JliJ l s:ti1l Lu
l>e "l1ca1J!if1il :1111l ;u·1·11111pli,;l11:d," 111' a. dl'.atl1 11 iLl1vut
ai111:-;iu11 lu a11y \\ }i ,__; ar i.:. .. Jt.. ·ft l11 1t11Jttnt tl11.~ l11;-..;..;.·
.A.
raiirlla•l 1rn·l·k 1" 11<>L a ·· l1<>lll1·a11,.,t, .. l111r ;1 pa111c: a
·• p:1 11de mn11iu111."
B11t. it 11:1,; l1111g- ,;i1w1' l)l'l'll fllt1111l
almo,;!. u,;l· h ·,;,; !.1> atte111pt. to ,;[('1>1 ti"' tid1· "r 11 c1\·,;pa.p cr
irnpropridi1·s :r11d hu ·htris111 s .
No e :x:11111il l'" 1•f ar l il·il·,; ,,[ llL'\1·,.., 11cc1l lw gnc11 line,
- till'.)' 1·:1 11 lw f111111tl 111 papt ·rs t·v1·rywl11 :n :.
Fm
pral'lict: writl' •>tt l :111 a1T11111it. a,; if for pttl>lwa.ti nn, of
any n )t'<• 11t P1·1·111T1·111·1· 11·itl1 till' i'art il'ttlars of wli i..!1
yo u arc fa111iliar. Or 111ab• up in tli1_' fnnn 11f a ncw:,;lett.cr from --A l'ulTl'SjJ<!iJ1 le 11l ., a l•11dgd uf 11cws itclll;;
ga Ll1l:n;J fru1 11 y1i11 r i1111111·di:1Lt· lll'i,:..;·l il11irl1tlu1l.

FllJT<l\ t l .\l

1:n :n · c\cllt L•-::u·:o :1 111.1>1 ·1_· 11r \,."" intirn:1t.- n·l:iti1111 t11
utlwr .,, 1:nts. and ha,; ;111 i111l111·11t·1; :11111 :1 ,;ig·11i ii.- a111· 1·
tliat ;1n' 11nt :1lw;1.\·,; i111111t·diat.-h· :11'1'an·11t.

I"

tilt'

a1 1tl tiw 1wxt d:1_1· :11•111·ar,; till' f11]\.,11·i11g li1·i1 ·f t"l1t.,1·i:11:
Pt·Ppli· who, ; 11 1lw:-\i'
l~ i·i·p ~:~.-,.0110 ir 1

1L1_Y.""

1111 11w .Y i11

a

ol

l1a1il.:;-; ;i11d ;-;: tf1· d1·1•<i:..:it 1·1 i1111):111i 1·.-...,

l•1tr1·:1H

dra\n •r d 1•:-.;1· n ~ · 11 , J, ,. r li \ ,,.,\_
11

'l'li i_· ~ ··\': .T i· r -..:· ·.' : ."' l i ij >-< 1\\· 11 ,·r \\lH1 >ilffi·r··d frn t11 ll1 i1·y1· :-; '" ill j 1:iil1:t
hh· ll1 ' \ ' 1'1' ~I' •_' !ii:-:. llll l[lt',Y ; 1,'.._!,; t i11. \1111 it i.-.:. ( i I L ~· 111 ·1 ·· ·d I l 1;1 I l 1i'111·i ~f11 r! 111w will t-:1 ·n·1· ;1....; a w;1r 11 ir1 ".. ,:· f,. 1dlwr.' \\ \111 L1i;ir. ! i r1·:1 :-. 11r 1·.
' l'h " uld -ti 11 w 1111 Li11: 1 that 111ullvY i:-; :-: a fc;-;t i11 111\1' .."-' 111·r;..; 11 1i:1 l 1·l1:tr:-:,"
i:-:. •• ~ 1lnd"1I. a11d :111,v 1111t ~ wliu s~~l: l't'. Lt·;-; n~i11 •; 1.11d ~q 111ak1· :-- it 11 :-; •·J· · .....:"'
fu r tlw J>ll!' j'f•'" "' 11 f ! r; 11li- 1!• ·. . . ,·n·, ...., 1<) )1;1\·1· it :--!11\, ·11.

1

~011wti11H"" tl11 : (;11111111,·11L Lal;l',;

it

l111111'1r11u,; 11 1· s:>ti ri1·:i l

;1111l ,_;1•n' 1•,.; s1·;1r1·1·ly <111.\· otlll'I' j>lll'\111,;1· tl1:111 tl><tl 11f
l1·1idiw.; "l1i1·1 · tt> till' ,.,, ]1111111, : 1.-.; 111 ti"' f,.J\1111 i11c::

(Ul'TI

Tlw f1·IJ11,· · fr111" tli1· :-;1;t1" ,,f \r:i »l1i1 1.c;l1111 " ·1111 ,j,.,·iv·d 11, ..
j 11 ~· 1 • 1 1 j ,, 11 :-' <'•1r:-'1'i

f11r

fo

(''':il i·~l

\Y:Lti·l1 111:Hl•· ;1

Ji:t\· i·

1· ; 1rryi11 _t...::

drp...;~i·d

(lll'..r;ii

,...;i\ l,"-( ' i ~lit.

lwfpr1· ;L 111itT()J'.

\ · :1l11:1l.!1·

~ \~i_........;

T l i·· f;1 ·· ! t\1;11

'.'..1 !1 ·l 1· · ....

1•lw

(· 1°11 -

:-;\i ,'-',ld 11n1f11l11•r;1111··· l llHlt']' J~i ... (l\'l'J'!'11;t1 ]1 ·11 ! 11
lii s !ltlllui 11 ~.
lt. t ;_ d.;i· .. .; ; t \·1·r_y 1·]1·\·1·1· s11iti .~.:. .:, k r tu r 11 11 1)1" :,_:, : 11i 1it : 1· t
11 f llw 1·x1u·r l:-. i11 :\!'\\' Y11r k ,,110 l1:1n ~ l1;1d l\wir d1·!·· di \·,. ;1 Lili ti. ·-;
,..;] 1ai-1 w1w• 1 11 _, . 111• 11il li... .: 1>f d;til \" (1l •."' 1·ry;1t i!itl.

°'

Thu l·dit11ria l eulu n111:,; o[ <L p aper

It

1:ditor's \\'<'l'k tn tr:w 1: •Hit. tl1i,.; n· Lit i111 1 :111'1 t" d<'tt·• ·\
:1111 11· ;.;pl :1i11 tl1i,; "ic:11ili1·:1111·1'. :-;1111wti1111· ,.; :1 11111r:1I 111:11·
l w l" 1i1d1'.!I ()J' :L 11·,;:-;1111 111.: 1:.!,,; ti) 11 .. dr:1 \\II.
( 1,,, . .!:11·
('l)Jli<'" t lw 11,.11·,; t J,;1t . <l 111;1.11 lia..o.; L.:1 :11 l'tJlilJc d 11!' <L hrc: c:
:Lllllllll>I 111 11)11111'\' \\ !1i1 ·!1 !11• \i;1d ]H>:ll'<J..,j Ill ]11,.; J1.,l1,;1 ·

N1 :w,;, \\'1' 1><1\1' said. sl11i 1ild g1· 1wrally 111 · writ.l.1:11
withou t eu 111m i.: 11l.

·· 0111 -

?\ 1, Lu: t. h<1""-'" 1-'r i,.;11Ltt.i-d i11 al't'1·:1r:11w1 .. ,.;\a11d"
.\11d " 11
]'(·:ill\' :illlilt' i11 tl)(' t't'tllJlilll\' 11f 11 .. , 11111\'t'J'C'i'.

l\11( it i.-.; 111 d1·;1li11_c; \\ itl1 tl11·

-=

~
__ii

gTt ·;i (

11111· ,.;l 11<11,; 11f t J,,.

tlay, S1>l'ial, i1t> litit'<1l , ur rdi g i11w;, 111unit'i[>~tl, 11:1til>11:.1l,

1l:f.

~18

or in wrnaLiunal, thaL the Ct li tor's abi Ii ty and resources
are t'lxed to the utmost. lfe must keep abreast of all
~he news in o rder t hat he may grasp at on ce the signif·
lC<tnce uf any parti cular ite m of it; h e must wateh
eve ry t:10 11ti on the soc ial or polit.ieal horizon and calculate t.he electri c force wliieh charges it; h e mnst be
a student of lll!'di c in e, law, theology, hiRtory, philosophy, li Le r<Llllrl', for lie iR a tea!'l1er of all of these in
t urn . Versatility of k11owledgc and tale11t.s is still
in <1(•111 a,1Hl in tlie editor's chair, tlwngh the modern
tendeney toward spcc ializa( iu11 a llt l di visi o n of bbor
is n ot unfe lt e ven he re. But liow does 011 e acquire
So far a:-; it ii,; an a!'q11isit.ion, by
tl1is versatility?
c ultivat in g active habits of both l1ody a11d mind; by
seek ing wid e a c<1uaintan ce with men of the world,
"me n of affairs " ; hy studying, in the spirit of the
historian, tl1e life of the times. ( )f eourse even with
t he wid1•st e xpe ri en ce the editor ii,; not omniscient.
H11t lie kn o ws how to :waii himself of resource:-; not.
g 1H·ssed at. hy 111a11y who accept liis wnr<l for infallible
dodrin!'. Is a 11wa.s11n: prnposed in Congress which
is dl'ern cd t1nl·o11stiL11Lional? lie goe:-; at 011ce to the
<'011stit11tit111 aml thn ex posit.iow; of it. Docs ;t war
hrt•ak out nn c xpcctetlly in o ne of the unimportant
South Am eri can rep ubli cs?
Tle tnrns to histories,
atlases, cycloped ias, and politi cal almanacs, and in
se veral hours writes a column e xplaining the whole
situation. H e s t udies a11d writes for't11 c tlw11s;rnds who
have 11 0 Lim e to study for thcmsclve;;, arnl tJ111;; his position
becomes one of almost i1H':1 k nlahl e p11wer and influence.
Tlw ditlic111ty of t.lu! !'clit:or's task will he apparent. at
once t n th~: i 11 C'x pcri e 1wed ::;t 11<ie11 L who tri es to perform

El 11 TU I ~L\ LS.

it. But Revera] hints npo11 metl10d have already 11\'t'lt
give n. The n e ws of a current news1mper shoultl lie
carefu lly st.udie<l arnl som e iLem sel eet.cd wliil'h afT111ds
plenty ~£ mat te r for comment.
l f the 11e\1·s is intimately related Lo past C\'l'll L.-;, the l1isLory awl lit ... rnt11rc
of the suLjcct sl1011ld he sLwliL:d Llwruut.;·iil.1-. Tlic
Statesman's Y e<i r-l~ouk, l laze I l's Annn,d, l'()liti ,·al .\ l1ll~L­
ll<tcs, ( '. nn g res,; ional n :cnrd,;, t'l'll"ll" and ti11a1H·1;ii 1·" i"'l'l.'.
etc., will !l ftt'll lie f111111d \'al11aiil!• wlt!'l't' 11rdi11<1ry J,.,.,!;.,
of r e frrc 1H·P fail l1t"\·.a11;;P. 110\ late e11<>11glt i11 diil!'.
A complete Jile of a gt1()(l ll! 'W"[>•tp•; r i.' l1 kt·\\' L'< ' ;1]11111,; (
irnlispe nsalJle . Tl1 e 11, wh e n I.li e mate ri <tl i,; g<ttlH'J\:d .
let tl1e enm111 e11 t wl1ieh is i11te ndetl to take th e fo rm t1f
an editorial be conde nsed , vigt>rous, mid j>\li 11 tt·tl.
Following a re a few titles of ed itorials appearing at
the t im e of this writing: U nde veloped \Vealth, The
Farm er and the C'onsnmer, Tax ing Lnx11rie;;, Eng]i,.;lt
Agri c ulture, Making Plush in J\ meriea, N cw York in
Gain, Dress, Cleveland's Pros pce ts, Crespo in Cam•·•t.'-',
J\11 Edu eational Campaign, Edwin Bnotli , l\('!'pi11 g tl1t:
~Lreet.-; Cle:lll, Tlic l'rogrcss of A lnmi11u11i.
( '011,.;1ilL
any of the great new~pap e rs tliat arc p1tl1lisl1t·d in our
large r c iti es for e xa mples of editorials of t.ltis das,.;.
Subjoined is one from tlie New York Euenin:; I'u• I,
whieh may be e ntitl ed
lNTELLIGENCE OF Olm lMMIGHANTS.
Free e ve 11i11g school8 were established in New I laven al1o ut
thirty ye ar~ ago, a11d hav e heen maintained e1·e r t1i 11c.. , li ut for
seve ral winte r:; past. the atte ad:u1 ce upo n tho .~e condu cted for
E11glish-spe aki11g p11pi1' ha,; lJl'l' ll stc:tdily dinii1ii s l1i11 ,t.:. It might
hf' suppo8ecl 1hat I.Iii,; i11di catt·d lt· ~s di•sin• to 01·<·rcn111c t lie .Jdi·cl s
o f ea rl y erlucat ion ~unc111g the ir11111igra11ls, wlin h:1.n· always cu111-

:.::.:11
prise• .! tl11: l a r.~1 ·r J':id. ,,r il w l"IJ'iis, tlia11 was thA ca'll! ·ttr·
si~l11· .-.:; li111 llw }'u/ / ,,, /111 1n , \\i1i,·l1 ;q 1jw:1r.-; j 1, li; 1 H~ i!t\'l1stj&t_nltd_~
lliatt t• r.

ll1:1L

:--.;1\:-\

.su c h s 1~ h111d:":

t/ 1; 111

tlw1·1•

ttriiJ111wl1t',

luug !w 1t1·~·t ·:-- ~ary 111
sp<: ak i1t g- l'"l'ik

and

111 :1 11d:ti11

Tl,..,., , li:is

:t

\\';t :--:

that yuu11.~ Iri :·d1 i111n1i .~T : 11 il...:
a 11d tn \\T il •· (; 1ir!y wi'!I.
ol

:-; 1•11r1•

N·urni\--;;""·

:ti. lli1• 1'\"1·11 irl_'._'." :--1·f11H1 !:-1 J11:ti11!;1i1w,1 r.![. l lalia11 s.
vian ~ . ai:d l:1l s ....;i;111 .14 '\\'. l,111 II
· · ] l ·
f I
wi11tl ' I'

,

l1 as

.

i1t

1

1•11

1. l 1 ·:1r11
1

! lw

i1n111i .~T:111t~

~::r
l".,1".,I'" "•.f1'<'I · " t i•· f'\lj"J.<,.

I"

f ·:11 .'. .'. ·l i~11

la11 _,e:·11;1,!..'.'f' .

( )11r ~Wt·di 1tlt

--

\n·ll f·1 li H·at. ..·d wltt~u
arri1·" li1 ·r<» a11d 111•' /'., f/ ,,,f /11111 says tl 1at, so fa r ''"New H
P..X J1t>ri 1 ·11 1 • 1 • gnt'...; , ' ' tl11• ltali:u1 s an~ fa.·ir! y wel l educated, tu~·
H11 ....; s i a11:-; and Pj1l 1· . . . wi1il1· g·i,·i11g- { \·id1•nf'!-• 11 f lia \' in.~ had
I\·(,r\\"i•gi:111

\'a ll

IH:

llw tru!l1 i...; t! t:ti tlwr1· i.. .:

fj(I\\'

l'il :-il!

rud i 11w11I~

r 11ti··l 1 ]1· .~ 1-; ncr-aAhH:-~
(If y1·:u·:i " b().
!!11\\. :1r1· tL'-'!1<1!ly ;1Lln t 11 t"l·il.&i -~-t;f
;111d J 1; 1\ ' j• ;1. f:i ir knuwl i·dg-l' nf l~?,
it ~( 'f'l!IS du11 idJ11 I wlit • flv~r it -~.
frt·1• 1·r1 ·1 11 11g scl ioub f,..Jf .• ,
1,..,.,, a good :1t.t.<mda11 0e the..

1li,·n:

rtr1•

11.. . 11:illy

1

~l111 ost 11 0 :uh-,t1tf;1 .~··s i11 lli is dir1•elin11, sl 1" 11· a lirightn _
rnJ11 st ry \rliicli 11 1akp 1 l"• ir progi'eHs rapid." This is a ".
•rncourag-ini; rq)o rt, a11d d<'sPt'\'('' attc11 tio n at a time wh 11'
i:; so mu cl1 a11xit· ty al •o 11t. th,, ig- 11 ora11 ce of 011 r immigrants.

E \I ·:f{( : J~E
11001\

LXVfii.

IU.:YIEWS.

C ri t iei,;m 111 gL'IH·r:tl. as 01te furm of exposition.
di.se ussell in Ex en· ise :\. L \ ' . Hook reviewing .Wonl;·
d epa rtm e n t nf c riti "ism, :uul in scope a rather uarm
o ue too, lm t an age of rna11 y books has made it so co 'm nn tlin.t it scellls wnrth \l'liil e to g ive it special 110 '
The olijeet. nf' a I.. •ok n· view is fo und in the desire
readers wl t0 ea111111l li a u nt t he book stalls to know
o nly wlmL ne w L1H1ks :ire publisli eu hut also what
tl 1cir chamcter a11d 1:rn11parati ve worth . And what~
may be the valtte uf the judg ment thus, often has

f1 1!" tl11·

liitl1· d1ttil1t t]1;t! it li ;1" 111111·!1
i11111wd1;i t1 ·. t l1ttUc_:l1 Jlttl l ill'
L(111k .
'l' lit• !'~'\lt'\\i'l".'-' ]'">lll 1 '1I ! 1:--;

..r ""111" 1" '-"I '"11."11. i1i1.1·. 1.,,, "" !.i .. 1,, 1·1 11
11 .:;iil I I :i,; ~ 11rn1·<l.
nwn·i r 1" .:.'. 11 ,. ;111
(·L
1l1.. r;1k ,.;1 ·i(·11111i,.
it" "" 11 [l' I ii ·"
f.,1 · l'\;l J1IJ ii 1·. (tt .:..:·i 1-,· t 111· iJ i I i~itt11 ,.; ;11 111 .c.:·1·111·1·:1 Ipf

dll

tl1tt~ 1·

;tJ"_~-~lllH · !tLtl l\ · 1 •

\\ 111'1 \

t l11·

jHf:--!\!1i ll..._,

;1!~

.(,.f, 111 !,. 11. 1,1· "11 .. 11· 1 :111 .. 11t l1111· .. r 1lw

.l lll'lit1 )d
!Lt.~ 11111~ ·! 1 l(I 1"1T1lllllllt'l!d 11.
It
L11e r ... ad.· r ; 1. 1... t t1·r i•l•·a .. r tl11 · 11 :t11 11 -,· .. r 11,.. 1,.,., 1;
an tlil..' 11ll'l'L' tit It: 1·;111 a1l .. rd. 11 l1 il1· it ,j.,, .." 11•'1 1!1r11 ~ <
Oll 11i Ill pe r,.;<>J 1;ti <>l'i 11i11t1,.; I lttl' Ill i,;l(•;1.J I 1il11 1 •.1 \\ I 1:1 t
ay p11,.;s iJ>J.)" lie :Ill t:1J1inJy l\T!>llg 1•,.;f i111:lfl': it j,.; l"tl
'kely e ith e r to l'n ·j 11di c <~ tlw pul1li c <•r l1> i11 j11 1-,· tl1e
uthor.
tl1 e pul ilie 11·;rnl,.; l.11 k111i11· more. l !1111·
liook enlll [JiHt' 1ri t li otll(:r work,; l._y tll\' sa111c
.I Tow docs iL co 11q iarl' "·itl1 l1111tks liy ollwr
ithon; i11 th.: ,.;anH : fit:ld '! l>1tL·s it. co11trilll1t1: a11y1lii11 g
ew or v:tlualilc L11 k:1.1•11i11g or li tl' ra t11n"! f).,,.,_ it s l10\\'
that the <W lh o r wa;; eornpdent to 111lllertak e Iii;; la,;k ·:
Ii:i it well writte n '! 1ll shmt, w]1;tt are it.-; llll'rits and
efects ? Tu n.11,.;we r U1ese q11estiu1ts req uires l'o11,.;illnal1l1·
critical acunw n co11pl c<l with a wid e lrnowl,·<lgc iii' 111e 11,
liOoks, and sulij el'tH . As t he <pt cstion;; i11<li1·ak, tlu :
method to J1e f1tll\l \YCIJ is largely t.J1at of ('Olllj><tris1tll.
We cannot vr0p•·rl y esti1t1ate Carl yle 's wor k a part fr.,rn
Richter's, n or Em en;o11's apmt frn111 Carl y le' s. A 1tew
x t-book 011 elwrnistry must liu j1ulgeLl aceonling as it
· presents the htes t :::;tages in the Ll evelopme nt of t he

I

I

222

~f

:science, antl is well acla ptPtl or llnt to the prc~cut
methods of t eaehing it. F e w reviewer:s lwwever are
a11le to deal in this way willi all Uie Looks that come
into th eir hands. Tl1e result is that tl1c critical method
of hook reviewing is often looke d upon with disfavor.
Certai n magazines han• irivd tn find a way uut of the
difl11·ulty hy l1:iving ev1·ry i11q1ort:-int hJUk reviewed liy
a spc1:ialist in tht.: d(•p:1rtnumt in whi, ·l1 it belongs.
The cl1id (Jl1j,•,·tio11 to tliis is tha t. tliosp most t:ompetent
to judge of llie sulij(• Gt-mattl'I' of a l1ook do nnt alway~
possess oth er irnportant qualifieatio11s of a li tc rnry critic.
The re is another quc.-.t io1 1 that a l1ook review may
very prnperiy ans\\·t·r: \\'hat lia vl' th e publishers clone
for the hook'! \Vl1t·rn a.nd l>.r whom is it published?
'Vliat arc its size, ~tyle, aml priee '.' ls it well ]Jriuted,
ta1-;tefnlly bound'! TliL·st: i11d e('d heeo111e tl1e i111pon.ant
q ue:;tions in all <:ases of re pri 11 t.-.;, art, l1ook:;, :souvenir
Looks, edi ti ons de lux P, e tc. Sorn e L1111iliarity with the
!Jrinter's, e ngrnv1·r's, and l1ookl1i11dcr's art.-; is n ecessary
111 <>rder lo a11swt•r these q11estio11,.; well. J\11d a little
study of U1t·se <Ll'(1', l'\'Cll frn111 a11 011t....ide point of
view, will a111ply repay a11y :-;tude 11t i11 tl1 e in creased
plea.sure li e will fi111l i11 \\'I'll 14eleeletl type, re:stful proportions, eka11 pn,ss wmk, and apprnpriate bindings.
Let u s take llo\\' , a.l1I111st at rando111 , a fe w examples
of re views . 1fon: is a n:ry l1rid noti ee of th e latest
numbe r of a p c ri odi(:al:
Shur/ ,<,·1~ries appears as a ~peci al C hri 8t.111as numbe r, with 111any
pretty Jrni[-to n e c uts aad cll'\·e r outline Jrawings l>y we ll-known

artists.

ll< HH;:

lSCELLA); EUU::; 1"( >HMS.

The I.ales are of l'Xt:l']>l io nal interest, aud among the

authors are Fr:lllk !"Lol'kl o11. John Strange 'Vint.er, Alplionse
Daudet, H e nry llarlan J, and F. Anstey.

Ja: \'I E\\'S .

A co mpilatio n, isslleLl apparently i11 tlw i11ll'n·sts
of religion ;w<l of art, is de::>t.:ri!Jccl thus:
A Ja i11ty liltl e liuok i., •· :-;,., ,.,·t iu11,; fro111 l,;;1;11· l"<· 111 1i11 ,c;lu11 ."
1'he se lect ions are t•xtra.d ..., fru111 lc t tt· r:-; uf l\_.1111i11.~.:;t111 1. \\"l111 \\· ;i:-;
- a leader a1 11011g the E11g·\i.-;1i (~uakt·rs. 111· \Ya:-; i111111·i ..... 111wd fi\ ·
Li1ues -l.t~ eause of }iis faith. l1ut. he l111rt-> all hi:-; ~-n1tlt·ri11 g· :-; \Villi rar• ·
1'

Iii,; e ld es t <langh!t•r rnarrieJ \Villia111 l'. ·111 1. :111d tli ..
co 11q.ilt-r (Jf tl1i:-; L1H1k l1a:-; at!d1•d Pt·1111';--; trilititt· t41 Lis fri1·1 1d .

Tlie lit.tl• · ,· 01 111111 ~ is foll .,f wi"• 1·1.i 111 s1•l and 11·11·· r•·li .c:iu 11. It j,
bound i11 n•li 11111 cl t1lli with gilt 1·dc:"' 111111 is 1• 111 "I ' i11 a 1,.,,_
[Bo s lvn: Hul_1c•rl:; !lr.. tlwr.'i.
l'ri c•'. j:j t.·1·11h.J

A new etliti1rn uf an old Look re quire,.; diffnl'lll
tr.jatment:
Few b ouk 8 len d t he m seh"es more gracefoll y t u ill11 st ra lit111 tlia11
Lo11gfPllow'8 •• 11,vp•·ri•rn ," wliiel1 is l•ro11glit u11t i11 Ii 11 e d1'1·ss \\it 11

a large numbe r o f h:d f-tunt• l'l'!•ro du ct io11s of j>l1<1logTa'..J1s of tlw
sceuery oi th e !U1ine all(! of Switzerhu 1J. Tl11;; ea rly pruse
rouoanc1·, in " ·lii eli the pod 1•111hal111e1l loi s o w11 ]., ,.,.,J oas al"" ·' '
loe ,,11 a favorit.>, for it hn·ai.1 1s pure se 11t.i111e11t. a11.J iL l'111li.,.Ji1·s till'
l'C\'Prt.·11ce of a. :-; t.wh·11t id' ( ~1·ri11a11 1it.t~rat.un· f1)J' I iw 111a:·d 1·r:-: tli;1t .
h e loveJ . Th., ill 11st.raLi<>11s liaYP. l>e<'ll \H·ll s•·li·<'io-d , and 111a11y uf
tlu_·1u

ft r e

fro111

]dtot.ng raplis whil'll

an·

ll(it

(' <11111111111.

( )111 ·

uf

tl11•

nH•st 1·ffec l.i\'l' i:; tl1< : pi d. ur1• of ti ... ult! watch t.om·r al. ;\11d.-r11 a<'h.
The lHJok is bo111Hl in llt1\"l'i fashion and i:; 1•11!. 11p in a J•r"tly l1ox .
[Phila<le lph ia: Porter & C'oalt>s. Priee, :j_l:J.:;o.J

As an example of the m ore se ritJus work that may h<:
don e in this lin e hy tho::;e wl1 0 arc at on ce sel 1olars a1111'
critics, take the following liy Mr. Brander J\lattltew,.; 111
the Septemher, 18!):2, numlJer of Tlw l'u«<111upulitan:
l\fr. B ierce in Tales o f Soldiers and Ci,·ilians ha:; d1os1•n
to al1jure lov e altogeth er a11d to d eal wl1olly \\ith tlie oth er
e m otio ns - c hi efl y, indeed, with o n e of the m , \\·ith t.he e1 11 otiv 11
of f ear . A lrnost eve ry one of the scant score of t.lwse talL' s is a
stuJy in the psyclwlogy of terror - the te rror o f m e u for the

'.' ll

.llHi:;t
l . , . pa r t.. l>l"t\'1•
. . ' l.nt Ji. ' •n•. t a l
a 1, a d1· ,; ad1·a11la gP an1 l re1luced to
'J' .ct., . c1.11. en . .cr:t\Yl111g.
:11 11111al f1"ll'
'1'111• 1I<HI k :l1\0 1111 d 8 111
.
,
'
' ,
g H"th aud ,g·li o ult ,; l1 a1h·1·u ti1r1•,; ; it. l1a >< a g r:t\·1·,·anl fhvor to
. I .1t
cl1·l1gl1t.
:1 n· s 11 rn·«I ion 111 ·'
. 1' .' ·"''
, I a,; I t Ill' n ·:u
· l<' r ·]'(•\·oil,; 'a.g-:tinst
.
I •
1, · 11 .. l lll· l't 'dt •1• 1t lt' d lll Ullllh 1J\ ·\' 11f i11 ;..; j..;fc•J1t
I'
' ! ' } tt· n· ,1...; ou
. ] y :\
·
, J111\ '\'1 '·
1111t nl 1111 1110.r now a nd 1111 ·11, g riu 1 ahrn .1·,; aud
,
]\, '
tl"' 1•ow"r ' l Iii ... I· I
. . .
gT1· ws11 111e.
ut
I
1
i.
• :-;1
.L t• s i ~ 111d1;..;p11t :dd1·; ll wir l1 r11t..--fnrce is
· . " 11 "'l"""'
. ""
. J..:' f;,..11Jt y fo r ,the·
.w.Y•H11
. , . · qw· :-: 111 111. '.\Jr · Hi1
. ·1T1 ' I '·"
"ltld11111 .. r 11, .. ilr:1111atw s ilnati1111, 1•l1wk 1·d at 11 11• ,.,.r~ cli111ax
au<. ca t ast I'"] 'It• ·. of t l 1' , '1.1111a
I ..
""' I }'l'l"'' ' "l•·d l•ri1·fh· a11d ], ·' 111 ' ...l
ll• t t to. .'P'""I·' f " ' . I·1". ' 1I.. .I .1"' st r:111 "<' -<k •·it'li , .. tll · .l ( ' I . l"' ) am
\\' itl 1 ils Yi si1111 111' ' L l'l"''i '
. ". . .
' II
I ll' ;:1J11:tug:t,
.
.
'
,.., 11 1< nt ol. \\1111ud1·d 1111'11 i: ra ll' lii w sile ntly
t. 111011g li th e dark \\'ood,;, J,..fllre Lil l' ,.,., •. 'f . l' ttl
I ·~I 1 .
1111111< • I Ii <' li n .. '. . .
.
. . ' ' .L I " l' II ' ' •l'lll g'A
1
1
1
111
1
, . llO •j'
'
.
"
"t
\\:tr.
till'
ld
>
h·
"li:1
stli11t·
ss
,,1·
·
1
j
'
]'
~· ,...,
.
''
, .t:-L l\ llt"
". .·".' . 11 1 . ii<'ra1
1
·,.
1·x1·•·}'t
Tol
sloi
'~
:-.;
.J
.
·t
I
.
.111 art"
11
.
. . .
· · · • ""'"I'" , as 11 otl 1111g
· 111d
. .. 1·d , .1.-< ll' li at ;\Ir. Bil' rce
1. X«
. . }'t. \ 1· 1t·st1·li:1•"lll"
. .~ . ]>I ' ·t ' '". ,'·. ' l'I '"•
. \ ··n·-kl1·
.
.1•"i11
,,, .1 Jtt, ·ran·
,.., , '1 11 1·1.( ' \ \' ·11·
I !Il g 1.. ,J....Ian· tli <' SPCl'C
fa of
t I ,,. .. 11ar1"'l l11t11 si .. ( ) 11 ,. ,,r 11 . \I ' . . ,. . .
.
.
i11.,· l1or ·11 · .
.
. .
"
'. ' '·' '" ·" J., a 111 :1 .-< t"rJ•ll 'Ce .. t grow·
.~
J ' '." tlll' "'"'' ul ""I"' """ '·~ :111d i111·,·it al>1 .. d1 ·atl1. lh·re
1111· a11tl1ur"'
1111 · 1,O lll H I:'\· 0 1· :i rt . :l:-i IIi' .I S when
. ""t l':t r ri«d J.,.,·.,11d
'
~Pt
,
.
;
h1·l<
1
r1•
11
:-:
'1'1
11'
(
' 1111 i d1 • ( :r· . ,
.
.e.
IIII'
L. .
I
.
I
·"''' " "'. " '"!'."and u111•anlo11:dd

,1
"}

· · " :\Itu. '" s: 11d
· al,;u t lt at \Ir . lli1· 1·1·1· :tl•11-<«s
· · 1111• 11·'11·!·' 1 11· s 11 rl' r .1:.; 1·! ·
,1, • 1. ,\ldn ,·!1 sli11\\'1·d ll S i11 .\larj11n· lh ll' iL ...
I .· .
'
1
d "", J f · ·
.
•
' '
' .1 "g1l.1 111:1Le
t. l I\I, t. I'.. •II
I . JI. ." ."'"'h·
. \\' I ' l'I i o 11 t . Tl w s Iw1·r sl r1 ·11 g·f l1 of llie~e
.l i s, i.111 \ :i:-1 i I 1:-; :uid 111 I 1 .. ..
.
Ir,...
.
. ' ' ' ·"· "' I , "'
"'' 11 1a r1<1.,J tlia L I ll' isli 1\ Ir.
f·
t~'j"['ild •l·11la r~1 · Ii~ ·' t'11n 11 1ila,; and li g'l1re fur "' so111 e of the
,le ' " I e ul tt'l' tlia11 Jea r.

' .t' >'

E\:l·:l{C l:-;I·: L\:l\:.
1. J·:rn :i:~ .

lf ii lie ns,.;ulll vd t Ii a t t'.I11 ' " t lH 1" 11( is l'a 111iliar witl1 t1 1c
. S
l'llll\'\ 'J J(i1111:il
. . . f11r1 11 .s· JJ ,;1·1 I Il l I1·((i· r ll'J'l't'111 g·, t\ 11·n• l'l' lll:JllJ
1111 I.1· tn J11d
.
. II 1· j 1II ~ q11 a]Jf
. .) \' ~
. Jl': 1k
. :111d ill11 .s t nt
' t , SlllJlt
II l 1i1·h it l:' d1·,.:1r:il>k· tli:1t ]1·tt t ,1"
., "·]1•ll1 j 1j pns:<\',.;s .

1111ks 11f i11 l'il:tt i111 1
tt1 lu11 g state t1rn:11111e 1J!,.;, l'r11111 Jd.te r,.; 11 f \111 ,.;i11""" l11
Jette r,.; of fri e11d sl1ip a1111 111 ve . 011 e whn has l1·a nwd
lww to e xpress 1ii111,.;\'H cle;nly, c:on eetly, a 111l t·o 11 eisely,
a 11t1 ]1;Ls leanie11, fu rt li e nnore, t h at writte n 1·t1111 111 1u 1i vati1111,; t1 D 11ot diffe r ma leri;Lll y from oral 011t ·s, may he
tn1,;l1~d lo ·w rite ln1,.;i11 e,.;,.; letters an1l ;i]\ onli11;u·y ll'ltl'r,.;
of conrtesy in a ~;1.ti,;l':l..tnry 111ann1 '. r.
B11L " ·li a!t•\'t'I'
t \H '. fonn o r eo11tt·nl;; o[ tl1e epi,.;I \1., ,
in miml, a111l that i,; tl1a t ;1,

011r daily i11 tl\JTOlll'"e with om'. an11ther. Tl1i,.; 11 1t«1.n,.;,
1'11r r1 11t~ thi ng, tl 1al il llllls L lie 111;1.rkt·tl t l1rrou gh"1 1l l1y
c11 urle,.;y awl ki 11dly eo11,.;i1le rn t io11 for e \'l'l'} j1 1,.;l ..lai111
th e per,;on atlilrl';;S!'. tL Vi11Lttio11 of tll\'se l'ri m·ipll's
11 t·1111 \·t· r,;a t i1111 may fi 11<l ,;11rne litt le exc 11,;e i11 plea»' 111'
i111pul,.;c, tho11 glitle;;,; n p;;,.;, 11r pn1\'m'. :1tion, hut ,.;11\'h pl1·:1 s
ea11 ha.nlly he a1l vam:e1l i11 ext« 1111:di1111 .. r tl mt. wl1i1·l1 j ,;
Besi1le,;, if iL i,; t rne tl1at. a wt1nl nun~ sp11k l'll
he n·1·a ll ell, a w ri tte n wo nl i,- atl1 ·111l"ll 11 itl 1
th e a<ltlitio11al <hngn tli:it it. 11 i:1.y ;;11 r \'i \'t' tl 1<" f11rgdful ·
Jl( : Vel'

lll ~ "" of ;tl \ wlJ1> firsL l )(' lH'.1<1 it.
Out of thi s ,;11.nw fad, t \1at. a. l1·tt l' r 1;; ]H '. t·uli:t rh l"'l'-

s<•ll•ll in l' h:u·;u·kr, grows thi s inj1111dit111:

Let it lie

\

LJ<:'J'TEH~.

Ke
, ,

•

HI

I)llSlll g

I hat sulf-c1~ 11sc'.ousncss wl1ieh sta11ds i11 the way of tru e
self-expression is less panlo11alile li e re, perhaps, than in
any other for lll of writing.
. Tl1 e i11trinsic valu e and interest of the writte!1 letter
will nat~n:dly d epend on tlt e personality that shi11es
t:h rn.11~)·1 it.. 'J~ l1os:: ihdig htful people whom eve rybody
c.db n1h'H ·s t 111 g arc pre tty sure to write inte resting
l e.tt.e r'8, a nd th e r1 ~ ean l1ardly fail to lie som e re fl ection
of a great rnind in th e lcttm::-i of a great man. Thus
lt:ttcrs that w.e rc neve r i11t c11d
·
· e<l to be any ti nng
more

1'.mn

.mere ('p1silt·s rnay rise to lite rank of literature.
}<or f.ra11k and spontaneow:; ex pression of feeling take
U'.e following letter of Edward FitzGemld's to his
fri e nd .Jolm All e n. Tl1e punctuation, it ought to be
said, is Fitz(; er:t ld',.; o" ·n:
c:i·: 1.1,E~T O :-.E

IIA1.1.,

Sept. fl , [1 834].

.
.
have real ly uo tlii 11 g to say, auJ I alll ashamed
to .lie se 11d111 g tins third letter all the way fro ui here to Pembrokes.l11re ~or uo ear thly purpMe : hut T have just recPive J yours: and
JOU \\ill kn ow ho w Ye ry \\'(•lco 111c all yo ur· l t• ...
· to 1ne when
~
e LC JS are
you see l1 o w tl1 e J>e rn,..al of tJ,i,.. one h ·l" "xci·t~,1
t u RUC lI an
. Jll·
1I 1c
~~
~t.a11t n ·ply. lt !.as inileo:d J.,'e 11 a luug time co1ni11g : out iL ball
• •-;J

the m ore rleli cions. Perhaps you ca 11 't im ag i11 e ho w wi slfnllv f
have looked fur it : how, afte r a walk, 111y f'}'l'S ha\·L· t11nlt'd l<• \Ji, ,
tabl e, on corning i11to the roo m, to see it. So11 ll'Li111eH [ Ji;c\' .. l1t• (· n
tempt•~ rl to he angry wit.h }'Oil : \.ut the 11 1 thong-ht that. [ was
sure yo u wo11lcl c<•n1e a h1111drecl rnil,·s t.o serve n w, tl1 .. 11g h y<>11
were too lazy lo 8it down to a ldt.•'r. 1 suppose that p<·o1•lc' ,,. ,, ..
are e ngaged in serious ways o f life, and are o f we ll-filled 111inclH,
llon't think much about t.11< ~ in terchange of it' tte rs with a11y
anxiety: lint I :1111 :rn idl e fo llow, o f a very l:tcl ylik(! turn nf """ tim e nt: a nd my fri e 11ds hip8 a rc more lik e lov1;,;, I t.l1i11k . Y.. 11r
letter fou11d n1 c reading the "Merry '\Vi Yes of \\'i ucbo r" too : I
had uee n lau g hin g alouc l to m yse lf: thi uk o f wktt :u1ot.hf'l' coat.
of h:tpp iness came over 111y fo rmer gooJ mood. You an· a .J,.ar
good fe llow, and I love yo u with all 111y lH'art a11d "oul. Th n
trut.h is I was anxiou~ about this lette r, as l reall y 1lit.ln 't kuow
wl1ethc r you were married or uot - or ill - [ fan cied yo u 111i.Ciht
be a11ything, or auywhere .. ..
As tu reacling I have n ut d o11e inu cl1 . 1 am going t l1 rough UH·
Spectator: whi ch peo ple 11owaclays think a J'U<>r J,ook : l•nt. I
hon o r it 111uch. 'Vhat a nolJle kiutl of J ournal it was ! TJ ... n · i,;
ce rtainly a good deal of what may be call ee} '!'ill,' but. t. hcre is a
great dl!al of wistlolll, I be li eve, on ly it i,; co nc hed so s i111j'l y that
p eople ca n' t lJe lievc it to be re:1l absolute wi scl o111. Th" lit.ti"
h ook you ~pe:tk of I will o rde r and buy. l heard fru1n Thackeray,
who is just upo n th e point of goiug to Fra11 ce; indeed he m ay h.,
there by this time. I shall millll him rnn ch . . . .
Farewe ll m y dearest fe llow : you have rn:1de m e very happy to
hear from you : and to know tha t all is so well with you. Be lie ve
m e t.o be your ever affectionate fri e nd,
E. FITzGutALD.

It would be vain to contend that the auove letter is
inte resting only becam;e it wa.s written hy a man who
ma.de some valuable co ntributions to the sum of Englis h
li te rature. .Surely tl1e l etter, giving us a glimpse of
the true self of a fellow-being and bringing us fur
a moment into his immediate presence, is inte resting in
it:-;elf, and would be scarcely less so if we di(l not know

DlAHrES.

2\ILSL'ELL.\ '.\ i':()!; :-; FUl:21JS.

that i t cam e frnm ! be same h:rnrl whi ch l1a.s g iven us,
in it.-; En g li,- 11 form, tlt u pri cl' ll',.;s ft ul1d /!fdl.
Let u::; look ;1L O ll l ' L'Xa111pk !011 frum I l(l ml' e \Val1)ole,
re 1He 111l1L'l'i11 g Llt at lw ltad ,;!"t1div<l lutl('l'-wriLing as an
a.rt, a nd wrn tu lt11pin g f .. r t he appre<· iatinn of future
g~ 11 e ralio11,;.
Thal tl l\'n' ,; l1n11ld 111! ::;0 111 u "posiug" Ill
l11 s c;1su s(•e 11 1,; i1H·,·it:ilil<' . Tl11· ll'l tvr :11111 oun ces to
a fri end \V alpo le"s return fr,1111 Fra1we .
~Tl< . \\\ ' 111-:l<f<\'

1!11.1.,

( kt.. Ii i, 17 0() .

I arrived at 111 y o\\' 11 L11 111·rn Ja,t \\ '1·il11C'sda y 11ig li t., and am
ll PW at 111.1.. Y1·r:<a ill"''·
You r la:<t ll'lt.-r n·a c l11·d 1111· l>11 t twu days
lit'forn I lvlt l'ari ,, lnr l lt:11·1· ht'<'ll a 11 a gn at Calais :u1rl upo n the
s1• a. I eo 1il<l 1•x1·1·11le 1u1 ''" 111111i ss in11 fur yo 11 , :t11d , i 11 trn th, you
gan: 111 e IH><'Xl'li .. it 0 111·; hut I lia1·e J.ro n:.;·li t yn u a liit, of china,

a 11d IH·g yo n "ill ' '" e1> 1il 1·11L \\'i l li a lilt 1., 1' rt' '<' 11t , i11 , l1·ad of
a - i ~a rga in.
~; 1 i d 1·l1i11a i.-. , 11r will J,,. ~ 11011 , i11 llw <'11 :-; to 111 -fl ouse ;
h 11t I , l1:dl l1 a1·1· it. I f1·ar . '"".t;" llt'fort· yr,1 1 1·n 111 t0 lt> Lo11,J ,111 . .. .
I f,.,.1 111.vsi ·l f Ji,·r•! lik1· a s 11·a11 , ll1al, a r1 .. r li\·i11 g s ix \\'t ·l'ks i n
a. 11 a :-: 1_y J'41nl 111~ 0 11 a

<· 0111111 11 11 ,

is

g11t.

l 1;wJ.::

i rll o its ow11 'l'h aiues .

I d 11 1111l l1i1 1g l>1 1L 1'111 1111 · a11d 1·l1·a11 111.1·:<1 ·lf. :111d r·11juy tit> · 1·ndnre
a n: ! .."iill' 11t \\';t\ '1· ....; .
l\'t•: d111·:-1s a11 d .~Tt· •·1d l1 a n : :-\ 1> ~·ss1· 11 tia l in"Jll.Y
" 1•11111111 to 1111 · L'1ttt1 iln-, tl1a L i1 1 Fr;1111·1-, wlwro• I ,,.., 11 11 tlii 11 g- Jiu t
cl 1al k a11d 1lirly 111·; 1sa1 it s. I !"1·1 •11 1 i11 a ! 1·1T1 ·=-- lrial purg atorv tliafi
is JH'it l1 1· r lo\\· 11 111> r l 't 11111lry . 'I'lw Lin· 11f E11~· la 11 d is :-:u l wa~tt. iftil
'
'
that I du 110L J,.. li 1·1··· T1 •11 q "· .,,. .- \ n·atli a m ·r1 · ltalf su rn ra l ; fo r
l>o t l1 ly i11" i11 li nt, 1· li111 al1·s. 11111>'1 l1aY1' w; 1111t-d tl11 • !11rf ,,[ o ur
la\\' ll 8 .
l t, i .~ 1111 f11r(u11a lt· lo lta n· so pa , to ral a ta s lt ', w ht• 11 I want
a 1-;111 " 111 u n· ll1a11 a t'n•ok. \\ 'c an: al•surd crcatiin·s ; a t Lwe 11 ty,
lo 1·1·d 11oll 1i11 :-; hut Lrn1d u 11.

y, (',,Jll',
tlu S<:v ig-11 6, ( ;11L·Ll1t:, Tltotn:Ls
,J eiforson, \\'a,; l1i11 g'loll lrYi11 g, Ca rl y lv , and E111 e rso 11 •

EXEI: C ISE LXX.
1>1.\Bll>'.

Akin Lo le tlt:r writing ill some respce t.-; ts dairy
w ri t i11 g . ]t, ,;u11sist-; i11 reeonli11g t hu eVeIJt.-; U1aL eu1111:
witJ1iIJ olt l' pe r,.;01 1's •hil y e xpe ri e nce, plty ,.;it·al, inklleut 11 al, or spirit.11 al, with or wit.!tnut eo1111111·11t.. Tl1 u
r us1tlL will lll' , CVl' lt 111 oru 11mrh:dly !lt:u1 i11 t.lu: l':Lse of
ll'Lll' r wrili11g, a rd ll:l'l i1111 111' Lit e mi11d aml life "t tl 1t:
writ ur. I ( :l ldter ex !t il 1i L:; t l1 at porti1111 11f <11 1e's i11 11 L: r
i1at.mc wl1i d1 li e is willin g to <li::;dose to utl 1ers, a diary
0 1· )·(1Llrnal l)J'e::;1un:Ll.> ly rroe:,; furth e r :L111l Let my s p]w,.;('s
.
0
'
of em u':,; indi v i<l1rnlity th ;Lt fin<l cx pre::;::; ion 011l y i11
.1nome11 ts of :;elf-e1l1nrnunio11. F or th e t rn cst 1li a ry is
t l1a.t wl1i clt is inte11 <letl fo r no eyes save t lin,;l: of tltl'
write r, tltung lt Sll('h i,.; 110L likl'l y to liu co nch ed in t h<:
best li te rary fo nu.
Jt, m: ly lie sai<l i11d c .. d Lh:Lt, as i11 lt:LLl'I'", 1·o l1 L! l'Ult ('e,
syi111ndry, p1 1r]>o,.;e, i a di s l1 , tl1 u qnalit ii·,; l1y wl1i1 ·l1 \\'1:
(lo,.;L en111posit io 11 i11 gv ne r;d , will no t lie <IL-111:111d ed i11
tl1 u s;u11u •l1 ·grl' u li e n :. A11cl g ruatu r lilwr!y 111ay jll'l'l1:lps be allowed 111 t,11 0 111i1111r details 11f p11111·L11 ali1111,
,;e 11 ten el! ,.;Lrm:Luru, ete. S till it woulcl see111 tl 1aL if
:L jcmrn:tl is wmLh kl'upin g a t all , li tt le wo11lcl l1u l n.~t
a 11d n gn:<LL deal woukl he g<Lin e1 l by g ivin g du e c1111,;idcmtiu11 L'\·e11 to tl1 \:,.;u min or Llet;tils. It 1·an l1 ardl y lie
a rg u ed Llt;Lt t l1i s \\·ill inte rfe re witlt 11alurnln uss or
:;i ncc rity . T he re is IH1 re a~on wl1y on e's rual 11aLure
m ay n ot fin1l jHs L ex pn~ ,.;,.;ion in correct as \\·el l a...; i11
in correct form . Ancl ce rtain ly iL is 11 0 d1 evk ll]H ltt
spon tane ity t"> <,:11Lt iv ;LLe tl1 e !1:1.hi t of p11tti11 g <L periou

230

::'III SCELL\~ EOV::;

FUH.\l ::; .

at t h e e nd of a se nte nce. Dia.r.r writing- t:rns pmctisecl
m a~. se r~e the very useful e nd of affo rding good
tra111111g m compos it ion.

J\:; in leUt•r writing again, w e s lia ll ex pect h ere 11 0
att itudinizi11g n r ·posing fo r effect. This may not bt>

a.v~i?able in t li e ca.-;e of journals writte n wi t h the po:;s1Lil1ty of p11hlicat io 11 i11 mind , as U1 e ,fuu o wl of the
late Mari e B;~';]1k i rt.st•ff. And :;m11n ha ve maintain ed
intlee( l tha t no 01w wl10 d d il>c rnte ly sits tlown to record
l1is though ts. a 11d f't• t• li11gs l'a ll e 11tirt'ly avoid posing
t; vea bc,fo1:c li1111sc lf. B11 t this looks s11spi(:io 11 sly like a
co11 t md1 et10 11 of t1 ·rms . rlowcvt: l' that lie, it is we ll to
r c m r mhe r tl1at a jo11rn al loses it.-; valu e in direc t propo rt ion as i t i~ i 11si 1w1 :n :.
Tlt c cl1 a rac tcr of a di ary will d e p e nd upon the
purpose fo r wh ieli it is k e pt as we ll as 11po11 th e ind'.\' it111;dity o f the keeper. H may lta ve 11 0 othe r object
t han to 1•rcs1· n ·c a consec uti ve a1 1d d ated rceord of
l)Vc 11ts a11d t' Xjlcrien ces . Or it may he t reated as a
co n1pa11io11 ;111d a t:o11fid;rn(, liLltH l to occ upy t lu : le isure of
~·I,"~ d1.'ca 111 c r or solace Li te liours of t.I1e solit<try t hinker.
.l h c first rnay l>ceo 111 c val11; tblc i11 th e futu re to t h e Liogrnphe r or h is to rian , a11d tir e ~eco11d to t he stude nt o f psyc h olog.Y or the lon.! r of lite ratu re . Let us tak e ru; an example o f t he first a n e ntry from the ce le brated .Diary of
Samu e l P epys, En g lish Secr e tary to t h e Ad mi ralty .
Apr. 81!1, 11;1;1-_ - t :p <'nrl y, 111y Lad y Jlat.t.c 11 kn oc king at he r
J oo r t hat co 1J1es 11tl o on e of 111y cl1a11th1·n;. I di<l g iv e directio ns
to rny pt•op lc and work 111c 11 , an•l so about 8 o'c loc k we too k bar re
a't t he T ower, :c;j,. \\'illi altl Hatte n a 11d hi s Ltdy, l\fr.~. Turne r, ]\~·.
} o wler an(~ T. A \'cry pl ea sa n t p<t8sage a nd so to Gravese nd,
whcr~ we <l1w:•l. anrl fro111 th 1.·ncl' a co;1ch took thc 111 and me, a nd
Mr. l· o wl e r w1tl1 so111e o th ers ca me fro 1n H.dc li este r to m ee t us~ Ol\

DIARIES

23 1

h o n;e hack . At. Roch este r, w here al ig·h t at l\lr. Al cock 's a nd them
drank a nd h ;td goo1l SJ>nrt, with hi s l1ritt g in g out. so 111any ~orts of
e lH·•·s('. Tl11•11 lo t. h1: I lill -l1011sc at C hatl ia1 11 , whe rl' l 1wve r was
hdl) rt', aud I fo und a J•r<·tty J>kasa11t ho use an d an1 1•il':tsL•d wit.I i
tli c ar111" s tli:tt ha11 .~ up tl1e rc . ll 1·rc we s up]'ed v1·ry 1ner ry, aud
lat.<: to ],pd ; ~ir \\'i llia1 LL tellin g llHJ t hat o ld Ed g1 ·l1orrow, hi s
1•n·d t'Cl'SS<1 r, did .Ji ., a1 1d \\·:dk in lll.Y c ha tnl wr, 1lid 1nake 111c tioniewha t afl'a rd , l111 L L1 ()(, so """'" as for 11Lirl11 's sak e I did ' ''''"' ·
Lo J,..,.J i11 till' trl'a Slll'<' l,.S c h:.unlol•r.

So

l' e p ys's .Diw·,1;, it will be ::;cen, rs till ed witlt th e
111i1111 tcst d eL Lils, fait ltf'11l , gossi py, untirin g. Tl1 e re is
littl e d c ptl1 tJ t' tho11 g l1 t ur Lrillia11 ey of sty le . Tl1 e
co111posi t ion is ofte n slove 11ly , ga,11 ge1l t ' Vl'll I'.)' tl1 c
:;ta111Ltnls of t h e t ime, - a faul t how evn that. 111ay liml
StJ ll te cx te11wttio11 whe11 we 1:011s id t·r wlta t a 11 i111111e nse
a mo u11 t uf time antl lal>t>l' this rcconl (k111a11tl e•l dail y
of o n e whose otlic ia l position was itself no si11 ec 111·e .
But tl1 0 11g h tlie in terest so 111eli111 es flag s, the valu e o f
tl te w11rk is in esti111al>IL!. \V e ca11 read it a nd al most
liv e fu r LHtrsc lv cs t he life of a11 E11 g lish ollicial of t he
Se \'e lllel' ll!.h ce nt.Ur.)'.
I11 strong co 11 t. ra.st to t his di ary of a Int "} 111a11 of tlt u
w o rld i11 tl1e J u11rwtl .lnti111c uf I l cnri- Fred e ri e A111il'l,
t he ( le 11 evese prnfessor, pl1ilosupl wr, p1)e t, and drea111 e r.
l{ca,d a cl1aradt:risti e p<Lssage :
2d , l pril. / 8(;/1. - T n-1by April has bee n tli s1.Jayi ng li e r s howe ry
ca pri Cl'S. " 'c lt ;l\·e l1 aJ tlood s of s 11 11sltiLLc Iu ll o wed by del 11g<!8 of
rain, alLe rna Lc Lea rs an1l s tu il es from Lit e r><·LulanL sk.v, g usts o[
wi11tl am! sto rm s. Tl te we a tli e r is likL, a '!~> il l c hild wlL<Jsl' wi; l1t·s
a ud cxprcs;; ion c ha11:.;·,. t. 11·1· 11ty tin1t·s in a n !to ur. IL i; a hl l'ss in g
fo r Ute pla nts, an d 11il' a11 s at1 influx of life throu gli all tlu1 vc i1i8 of
lit e s priu g . Th e circ le o f 11t1111ntains whi c h bo1L111b t.Jll, rn ll•'.Y is
co1·,· r"d willi whit e fro111 top to toe, bu t two li ou r~ of 8Uns hi11 e
wo ulJ ruelt th e Hno w away . Tlte s now ibelf is l.HtL a 1t t!W ca1 •ri ce,

J,,, dii'li1·1il t

ma1· no t.

i111t 1·:111 s1·:ir1·1·h· ""1·1,. :1 111· 1111rt l11·

li t1 · r:1n· 1•111· 11""'' · if <111 t1rdi1 1: 11·1· ("111111·1-,.c:1 t 1111 1 111·1"•'
n· .~· ; ,t1· 1 « rl i11 a ]•l1 .. 11"c:T:11•l1 :111rl l' >'j •1 ·:d1·d f11 i1,.; li1 1!11s
11w :1 11 .' . 111· "1i .. ,1 1i1 1i11il 11 . <111 .. "1, .•1 .. r ti"' . !1:11111 1.-111 1..
i l ]1_1· i\1t • jl('( ''< "lll't' ., 1· i\ 1e• Sj!t':l ]; t·I".'. iJ 1·1 j ,\ .. i\J 1· J.: 111"1· 11 :111 1. i
t'l! ~j•t _\

; :tf' .

;!

l 1i 1 'r" .:...:-~,Y] • i 1

t•tf:h·1·d a llH1llll'Jd .
t'XJ•illH1 i 11f.,;·

f1· ;1 1·1·d

;iff, ; rw:ird~ h_,.

r11r
:t

: Lt l

i1 1-,l . 1111

hn·:dli o f

Il l

t )w ;.;; t 11d.

\ \itHI. ; 111

a 1t d

:iir-], 1iJ 11dt·

and \ ' :tlli :·:l1i11g- f11I th e :->11rfa1·1 • ••f tlw .:..:Ti •at r iri ·r o f

l>l'i11g- - a 11 a1•1 ~ · a ra11 C'('. :t \':111i ty, a 1i () (l1i11g. 11111. tl 1i, 11 ot.hi 11 g- j~
liuw en~ r, t ill' ,y111i <>l 0 ( t li·· 1111i1·1·r,·tl li .. i1w
·111~ 1 ti 1·1i"i. l'<t.:-i:-\1llg'
.· '
~1
bu h ~ ile 1:-> l lw ''j1ii11IH1· ~,r t Ji .. l1i:-- t u n uf 1li1· \\~1rld.
Tlil' lil:t ll \\l 1u l1a:.;, li u11 e1·1·r i11'1°•"l'l"•"J•lil>iy , l1l' lp1·d i11 tli re work
of thn 1111in•r''" lia ."i lireil ; tho• 111a1i wl1 u ha, J,.. .. 11 cni iscioii;;, j 11
11011-.•vf' r sn1all a (11·;.:n·•', of tll\' l'us111ical 111111·e111l·11t, has livt!d a.lso.
The plai11 111a1i S<·n·.. s th e ll"orltl .l•_v his ad iu11 :111 d a,; a wheel j 11
Ll1 e 111achii w; t.l1t· tlti11kn fil 'IT•·s it ],y hi, i1il.1·ll1•<" t, a 111 1 a; ,, Jiglit
11po11 its [•a t 11. 'J'lt1· i11a11 of 1111•dita t i1·., ' "iii , wlt11 rai:il'ti and co mforts '.""] ' ''.'lain' Iii' tra1·1·lli11;.; cu111pa11itt11,, 111ort.:d a 1HI fu gitive
ltlw h111i ~e ll , play' a. 11 oliler part still , for lie 1111iks tlte oilier two
11tiliti1·'· ,\ctitt11 , t l1t•11;.:l1t, spetT l1 , are U11· tlin·" 1110 .J"" of ltumau
lif,._ The arti" 111 , thl' ~a1· a11 t . :ind t he nralor, :orn all tltree God'H
work111t•i1. - (. lfrs. lf11111;,f,,.r !t IV11nl'.< Trrw.-lotio,, .)
1

•

•

''

1 •

•

l'11l 1li,.;]l('cl l'0 1~fi "'·''"'t-', ,.;111"11 a,.; tl111~(' .,f Ho11ssca11 and.
De (~11in c ey, a!"e sin1ilar to jmirnals in some respects.
And \Vilki e Collins l1as more than <>lll' O turn c <l the
diary fon11 to <ll'('illln t ill tJ1 e fiL•Jd oJ' fi<"tiori by u s ing
Jt to work ont il1 c e liar:u:ters and pltJLs of l1is nove ls.

l l l ll lltl · ]" t• ,...;l i1 1 _~ ·.

i11 L; tlll" 11 11 111,.;\ i t 111 : i i' st ill f11r t lin il11·1·st1· d .. r ti ll" 11· n ·
i11tkc1io11s :111d 111hl11 :tli1111.s .. r 1111· Y<>I(''" Tl1 h 11w11 1.1 ! 1··
}11,.;,.;, in 11· riit1·11 di:il11 .~1H·. 11111,.;l. 1,., 1·"11q11·11."1t1·d f11r i i
]1t1,.;,.;ilol1'. ']'.-, tl1i,.; e 11d till' 1iri111·i1.J( •.s of ,.; 1· l1· 1·i i11 1i 111 11'-' i
0

he ,.;i11dio11 ,.; h · 11l1,.;1·rn·d .

Tlw t1·11t:iii1·1· l .. ·.c: i11i1ii1.c:' , ,f :1

Ct1llY\'1",.;:tii1111, tl11; 1111f11J"l1111;1ft. ,.;Jij>·" 11f t ill" \t\ll _C'.·11• '. tJ; ,.
jarri11g dis l" tlnls, tli c }>:ti11f11l p:utsl·s, tl1 l' dn ·:in· st n·!c'l1t·,.;

of unprofital1l e sinall talk, 11111sL all h e ht11i,.;lie11 to gin·
pl:tcc t o th e ffa,..,] 1es of wit ;L!ld Jlow o( wi,.;clt111i.
v e n;:ttion
cv<' ll

OH

(:011-

thu,.; e o11sln1<,t e <l llla.y lll't.:(1n1 e l' l1h'rtai11in g

i11 c pri11te <l p:tg(\.

lL rn:i y lie ,.;:1i1l th:tL tli e nmd e r is t." suppl y 111 1111:1 g 111afi11n l11 e vncal :lll<l facial a e l'"lll}l:Llli111 c 11ts. B11t if li e
j,.; to tlo this spontan e ously , wit.l1nnt study or c"11sL·11n1 s
11ff"rt, tli e 11 tl1 c words a111l pl11"asus m11,.;t «arry 11·ith 11H·111
th e (' u rL1.i11 signs of t lil:se an:rn11p:111i111 011l,-.;. Tli:tL j,.; to
say, th ey mus t Ge sponta.n eo us tli c rnselv es and i11clil·ati 1·e
of fe elin g s as wull :ts of t.liougliLs. A ml t Iii;; i11d1 :L·d 1s
th e prin e ipal s e c ret of su ccessful dialogn e wrili11g.
Tl1 c r c is a n(lth e r fe at.urn t o lie pre s c rv e (l.

A gn·:ll

soun.:e of i11t e rest i11 t11 e i11te rd1a11ge of Lalk is tl1 c 1·011 -

EXEI W JSE L.\.X I.
l> I.\ LO(;( ; l·:s.

T(1 inv(•nl :L conve rsation is not easy , even for a g ood
n 1111·c rs c r.

To rq1 n rL 011e tl1al l1a.s ad.11ally tak1 :11 pla(;c

:;lanL 1111 ec rtai11t.y of t11c 11atnrc of tl1e n ·j"i11d L· rs, and
il1 e r c:-;nlting smprisl'" ·
t.l1i :; will

Th e l1ifli c ult.y of

l're sen· i11 .~·

be apJ><tl"Cllt wl1 e 11 OJIL'. r c fl eet:; tl1aL in

till ~

i11 ve 11lc<l l' 0 11vc rs:i.tio11 tlil: same per,.;on must supply all
tli c spcecl1e:; and rejoin1h•rs.

li e ca1u10L hri11 g t" th l:

DIALOGUES

produd all th e ve n;ali li t,y o f talents, th e lJreatlth aud
diver:;ity of ex p eri e nce , a nd eo1tscq11 e 11 (, V<try i11 g points
of v ie w lliat :t mix e1l company of jH.: 011le bring. The
l>csL Lltat li e can tln is to c·o1we iv e e<te lt :;peak e r as distin ctly antl v ividly as p11ss il>1 e a nd lo 111ak1'. ltim ,;peak
alway:; "in e h<trncle r.' ' Tl1i,.; i:; tl1 e e,.;se 11tial thin O' in
b
drarnati e dia log 11 u a 111l n1:ty l>l's t 111: st 11di ed in the
phys of Sl1akl's11earc . llrnw11i11 g li :ts l1t :1·11 nili e i,.;etl for
making l1i :; elrild «lr:t ra\'!er,.; spea k lik u grn w11 p eople,
lik e Browning l1in1self.
A110Ll1 c r ], i11d of dialog1w lrnown t o lite ra t ure and
al most as old as t he dra.111ati (; is Litt~ pl1ilosop l1i (;al, represc n tec l by ll1 c dia lect i1 ·s of !'Jato. It may lie studi ed
in P rofessor .J owett's e x ee ll e 11 l tra nsbt ion of Plato.
\V a l te r Savage L:m<lor\; deligl1tf1d J1J10.';l1111ry Conve rxat/011.'< 111a y he m e11t.io11 1·1l lw re as an .. t!t l'.I' vari c Ly of s 11 ccessful li ter:tl\\l'C tlrat is J>11rd y dial11g isli n in c ha.meter.
\Vlr e 11 dialc1gu e is rnin g l 1~ d witl1 ordinary dc::se rip t ion
:tnd n:u ra t io n t h e prnl>l1:111 i,.; :-:ome wl1aL differn 11 t. S ume
difli c ultie:-: a re n·rn1wed. Tit o c lrarade rs of tl1 e different
:-:pt> akt~ rs rn:1 y he tl1 :sc rib1: d , :ts 111 ay als11 tl11:ir actions
a nd s it11aliu11s. ( )n U1e (ltlt e r l1 a 11d tl11~ pe n;u1mlit _y of
tlie a ulltor is ll1rns L l1d\Y er· n 11s a nd the 1·l1 arnde r,.; and
a11cl th ere i::; da11 g er tl1 aL i t 111ay 111·1·111111: :-:o j•Llinl y vis iLlc
a:s to oLl iterat e tl1 (; outlines of tlte 1·.ltarnete n; them:;elve:;. A ll'l'i111i1 ·al t!illi (;11lt y is 1"01111d Loo in th e manage m ent of tl1e p: trc 11tl1 etieal l1t1t 11 eces,.;ary a. ml freq11 e ntl y n~ c 11rri11 g ":-:aid 110" o r it.-; eq11ivale n t . The
vari o u:; d evices fur over co ming tltis dillil'ul ty may be
studied wi th p ro fi t. Let it l>e n .:111e mlie red h owever
tlmt th e variati ons on th is for11111la are n ot equally
apprnpriate in all pla <'L'S: som e tlti11g- bes id es the n eces-

:-:ity for v a riety must enter into the cons ide ration. Tltc
hest employment of them will be Lhat whi eh leave,; tl w
re<tde r e n t irely 1111 L·onse io 11,.; that s u ch w ords have b1· <· Jl
\lSt:(l at all. Study <Llttl l'l'iti ., ise <L page o f c ull ve rsati rn1
in a ny no vel that com es lo hand . As in dram;ts tl1 e
co n ve rsati1111 is t lrc w l1 ole work, su in non:b it is m e n·ly
t li e aec i1 Jent, on e of the 111 eans, t lr o ugh rare Iy a s ubonlinate on e, for d e \'elopin g th e plot a 11 u d 1amcters .
Between t h e two li e s u ch wo rk s a.-; Ur. 1 Tol111 cs's Au tucrat l~f tlte Brea!.;fa8t TaUe, in which tl1 c cun\' e r:;;t !io11 ,,t·
t l1 c ch a ract ers i::; the prin c ip<tl tl1 in g, thou g h r t:' li eved by
r emarks an d con fide n ces of t h e a uth or wl1i ch really co11:stitute only a more delightful convers;ttion be twee n lti111
a nd

11,.;.

~[u c h mi o-h t h e sa.i<l l1 ere of a practi ce that ltas g rown

up of late a~1011g story write rs ancl eve n poe ts, bu t a.-; it
l1 ;ts alread y l>ee 11 carri ed tu extrem es p erhaps it i:; best
111 e 11 tiu n ed 011l y to (;1>11 vey tl1is warnin g . Th e pnt (' ti ce
rd1·1Tnl tu is t h e 11se of tl ial1;l"t. \V li en 11scd a.ec urntely
it l1a,.; :t seic n t ific an1l l1istori c value, n o d oubt, but a
good e;tr ;u 1tl lo11g f'.unili:~ ri ty with th e spoken dial ed
are ll el'eSSiLI'.)' to lllS \ll'e this iU '.(; UJ'iLC_y . ( )11 the otl1 e r
liand, wh e n it. is 11sed as a lite rnry vehi cle, it 111ay he
ljlll'.:-<tionecl wlietltt,r more is not lost liy the in1i 1edi111 e nt:-:
it t hrows b efore tl1 e r eade r t h a n is g ain ed by the flavor
of 11ovelty mHl fidelity to characte r whi ch it irnparw.
The Scoteh Llia.l e1·t (Ir Burns's p oe ms antl the m o re recent
l l"oosi e r dial ed of .la111 es vVhi tcoml> l{il ey',.; are fa111iliar
to all.
ln no vL·ls, Wal te r Scott, G eo. 1\faeDonald,
\V111 . Bbck, a nd man y otl1ers have also avail ed t lr e msel ve,.; of Scotch clial ects. Th e 11 eg-ro p<ttois of 011r ow n
country is l>est exhiuited l>y Joel C handle r Harris . The

'
'·'

230

237

i\W :iC ELLAN EOUS FOJDls.

ll U.MOl t.

p ec ulia riti es o f speech of th e cr eo les of the South have
served Geo. \V. Cal1le m o re t han on ee , as the dialect of
the westerl! miller::; has served Bret Harte.

vV er e this all that co ul<l ue Sil.id uf hum or , it w oul<l
not elaim spec ial atte n t io n lle re. lt wo 11l<l hav e to
pass with si m pliei ty, p at.l1os, imagi nation, s u \Jlimi ty,
ant.l a.11 those qnaliti cs of s ulijee t-mat.ter or st.y le whieh
a writer will t mploy :wconlin g to his purpose an<l
aliilit.y . Hu t ill th e U nit e<l States n.1111 in t l1 e presen t
«.e nt11ry a tle rnan<l l1as l1eeH fn1111d or c reat ed for humo r
pure a ntl simple, \\'i t t.hat a ims to d o notlii11g m o re
than amuse . Thus t h e re lias <Lrise n <L f.. rn1 of wri t in g
;tlmost as <listinetivc as l1is t.ory or 1ic tio11. It lllil } he
ev an escent, though tl1 ere is li ttl e ev i<le nee y et of
a falling off in t h e J e rna nd. P11clc, Jud,')e, Liji:, Hllntlie r
tl1 eir r eade rs 1Jy t l1 e t.hu usand ; Bill Nye st.i ll finds
leet.11ri11g renume rative ; and M<trk Twain's lJoo ks in
011r public lihra!'i es arc wo rn out faste r than t.h ey ean
lie replace d. Ce rtai11l y, wlmtever may lit, tru e uf tl1 e
form, t.h e se parate prod n et io ns are e va11 es«tn1 t e 1111ug h ;
this is a ttes ted Ly the fact that th e "funn y pape r "
is far m ore co nspi c u ous on the railw ay ear and in
puhlic wai t ing -rooms t han 011 th e drnwi11 g -roo m talik ,
it11d that wt; liavt: t.n sct:k the h11n1on111s honk i11 tlie
t'ire llhLting lilJra ry ratlwr tl1an 011 011r priV iLl e slit:lv.~s.
Th e hnn101·011s write rs are t h emselves w e l I <LWarc of
tl1is, tl1011gli t li ey hav e coml>i11ed with th e ir p11blic t.o
el e vate l1urno ro11s writing to the dignity of a pmfoss io n, and follow it, eo11te11t if t'l1 ey 1;•m win t lie
fl eeting p opnlarit y o f a day . vVho shall :-iay tliat tli ey
are wrong, or that w e are wrollg to e n co nrage t l1 em?
Life would h e st:rious iml ee<l witl1out it..-; past.i111L:s and
r ec rea.tions. A11tl l1um or is tl1e natural recreation nf
the intell ect. Ev e ry man is t.l1 e better for k eeping

EXEH< '!SE LX X 11.
I fll ~I 0 ll.

llurnor ha s lnn g held a lq .;iti1nat e j>la<:e ill literature,
lms liad its rcpresenLativL·s in man y ti111 es a11d lands,
from A rislup l1all es to ( \· 1·,·antes a11d Jr.,111 ( 'er va11tes to
\Vasliin gtu 11 Irvin g. Nat 11mlly it lias e li a 11ged much
in eh a m cte r \\'iLh the ti111t:s and lands, as all li te rature
mus t clian ge, jJl' rl1;tps e \·e 11 more than 111ost literatu re
cl1anges, ln1t tl1is fa d l1as 11ot pn.: n :11ted it, when of
tl1 e l1igl1est urcln, fru111 pn·se n ·ing a11 al1idi11g place.
lt would be fully to co n l t·.11d tl1at J\lolit'·re'.-; fa111 c rests
sokly 011 his trntl1f11! d eli11 eatio11 of t:li;uw;Ler a nd
nia1111 crn 1'11r th e Jllll'JH>se of satirizing· tl1 e 111, or that
C liau ce 1· li \'es i11 spite of l1is jes ts. l l 11111or l1a.-; u11quest ion;d>l y l>t't'IJ ont• of tl w >'<Lvi11g d u111 e 11ts "I' Ll1eir work.
011 tl1 e u tl1 e r hand it lllay he d1111htud \\'l1dh L· r h11111 or
alone could Sil\'\~ a11y \\'Ol'k to Lu11 e . l r tl1is quali ty
e 11d11res, 'it t·111lun•s ;d.,11 g- with 1'11t:l1y , l1i;;ton·, satire,
p:Ltlios, moral it y, \l'i,;d.,111. If Arist11i'l1a11L·s and J\loliL·re,
C hauce r and (\·n·anks, La111l1 a11d lr\'in g, are read
to-Jay, it i,.; f!ll' SllllJl'(}1ing J.es id t:S tJ1 e ir lll t: l'e \\'it and
linrnor. Tl ll'} did not. disdai11 to ]'l'C>\'111\ t: a s111il e or
cve 11 rai ,;e a 11 11111 L111 g l1 , l1ut, tl1t:y knew tl1at tl1 e rc <Lre
[>Urposes i11 litl'i'allll'e highe r lha11 tl1ese . \Vi t an<l
humor ;u·e the in e id entals, not the esse11Liab, th e form,
it may lie, not tli c s11l1sta lll' C.
n, ll(l

a private jester in the eourt of his fancy.

:238
But lH· \\l1n \\·ottld ma l;l· a life Jll 1•fL·ss i1111 id' a11i11si1 1g
the pulilw nrns t hr• ;i '· 1'1·ll11w •d' i11linil1 : j1•st.," ant!
Ll1ere an; •·1111q><ll'<Ll i n iy 1·,.1,· su ,·11. l'u11sideri11g Ll1eref11re tl1e liinitatio11s .,f 111., 111rn11>'1 .s111·1·• •ss wl1i,·h l'l'Cll
t he nal ur;dl_\ g·1flL' d l111111111·isL c-a11 110111; t.o attain, it
\\'01dd t't·1'l;L11tl _y >'t'el11 11·n· !'u1d1sl1 i'11r 1111< : witli1111( tl11•
g1J'L lo ;Lspirc !11 Lilt: a!L 1i111111·11 l. :-\1111. t'\'l·i'_I' 11<· 11·spapc 1' JnllKL l1an· its J>ara .~ rapilt'r, ;111'! t l11: llll'<;li ng·s nf
till' s ll 1d1 :11h· li1 .. 1·; 1n· ,.,,.,. j,.tws 11•>1ild j.,,-,. in 1i'1-. ·:-<t if tlw
111111'\ '. St 'l 'lt>il,.; t1J';lli1111 " ;\11 .J (' ,.:,.:;1\".S \\'t'l't' liOl i11t1•i'Sjl!'IS\'.d
\\ · it)1

~1d!H'

11i•Tt':'"- ll!

ii11·

!i.~·lif1_• j '

\ ' t·ttl .

l·'ir,.;L 11f ali l1,·a 1· in 111i11d tl1at. f"1·1·1'(I l11trn<>r is liol
l1nm111· a t ;til. It 11111st. I"' s1•1111ta11<·11t1:<. ll1111 ot i1n:t-.g·i11c
t.i 1aL lw1·a11se s<>111c· 111' our lwst. ii1111H1rist,.; l1a v1· l1l'1' 11 lll('l\
of 111:111y so1Ttnr;-;, tlt<'. il' f111111y sayi11gs l1a1·c: 1l11 :rdore
lJee11 littered agai11;-;t tl1eil' will. 01' if possilily agai nst
their will , ('l'J'tai11ly no t aga inst tl1 l' ir prop<:nsity. Th ere
are minds so cu11str11d ed ti wt tl1 cy \I ill fa,.:)1iun of the
Yc ry t.i 11 ts of :;orrow pid 11 rl's to prm·"k e rn i rt lt. They
dw e ll at some 111_ystl! rious point, of view from whi ch
tl1 ry c-a11 Sl! C tl 1c 1'111rn y sid1 : of e n•rytl1i11g. J\fc n wi th
s11d1 111i11d,; 111:iy s111111·ii11 ... s 1n:ary ,,f tl1i,; Yi,.;11:tl gift,
a1Hl tltl'il ill\'_\' 111 ay lia\·1· to t:x1 :n·is" t l11 ·ir will-pow!'r to
keep frum sli11 t1i 11 g tll('ir <·yes - - tl1at i.~ all. Not n ccesi:;arily li e wlio tril!s ttJ l1e funny, IJ11t lie wl1 0 l1 as to try
in OJ"(ler to lit · funn y ;i(, all is tl1e (>lie w]w fail::;. vVe
111a_y lau g h :it t l H~ Litt 1· r if \\'e d11 110L pi Ly l1im too
mu ch: w e sl1all lT l'!ai11h 1111( lau g l1 11·itl1 liilll .
Nor is lliat l11tn10r uf a c·111nnw1Hlahl e kiml wl1ieh
makes us la11g·li at all y r111e. Tl1is is 110 less true than
trite. I t l>d1111~"' to the etl1i cs of ft111-111aking-. It m erely
m eans that t I1e b w :; of cvurtcs y are 11e ver ltelLl in

11,. \\I ' ll ' {<> 1'\jll'('C-;,; <>Ill' !>l'I' I.l'l'l'lll'\' I >I' t \\l'<'il .. :1 Li\ , ,. 11."'"' ,1, 11 1.~il,l,I· l"'l'1" 11 d 111 .g· t" J,.. tr111· "... :111 , I :1. t1 ·111-.111
1
]ll'< '\i·llilill ,:: t 11 Ll' a 11 ,,\•·lt_,._. , f11r i11k11:-;1.t_,. :111.! n·1·tai111.1·
., f ]11tl i\'l'<lll.S 1·1't«·c-(. \\'t' ~l11111Jd 111i\1"~!Lt(lil_!..'.J\· <'1 11 "'"'; t lll'
L1lt1·1'. Fx·1rr·q·1-.Lti11J1 ..T,. 1\1·,; 1\·1·;11·i "" 1111 ! I 111 t. t l 1I' l 1' 11i I I
,.;ddt•lll

\'::11~~-..., 1\11d

\\ t'...,d " 1111 1 lll't'tl _t .. i111·.. 11 t

:i l ·,~l ll'• l1 -

t.ies: l1u111:t11 li fe is full l f llll'111 , ii \\.: '"' " "'''·'· "' "'
ll ielll. ~ti ll it is 11 r 1t tll\':<C t 11:1 t Pro f,•,.;,.; llr \ii l11•l l1:1s in
JllinLl wh e n he spe;Ll;: s uf t11 u liun11Jr"11s dfr,·b dllf: t• 1
1
. l ie a n ove lty ." . I le
"tr!lisms pre te ll<1.rn g to
. is· tl1i11hn ~'
mlher of t.hose trut1 1.s tl1aL al'C su sclf-n itl('11l that ,,·1:
1

an· s11rp ris1•1l into ;t smile when we lll'al' tl1 l·n1 ;.;!;1ti-d
1't 'S 11 \ [ t f SI 111 t' \;i (I ' 1 l i .~1 ·' '\'o 'I'_\'
,..,tfJ';L\'l'J ..y ;t.S if 111 <.'.)' \\' ( 'l't' [) 1< •
111' s11 111<: i11;it 11rc: j1 1'1.~·1111·1 1t. Tl 111s iL i.s t l1a l. \I(' 1-:llllto>I
· g a t ! \l 11·;1 ] 1;1111 1, ·111<"11l11's d l' lili.. 1·ak <> )1i111 .. 11
l1 l:l p bug l 11n
that a m a n's legs "O!lght to Le lon g eJ1()1lgh to n·acli
the grnuml." :-; 0 w e Lrngh ton, wlien a.ske 1l ,rl1y the
\"rn 11 ·nH' rs sl1:1h' :1 s;t1t-1"1x wl1ilr· 11 11' S11111lwr1ll"l's !al'
tl1e l1c1ttmn , t o l1·arn tl1:1t it is for the\'< '!'_\' 1ili1 i<>lls
. · t.l ie, s.i.
.. lL 011t · H u11e
"
purpose o f ge tt111g
. will
. a11a h·1.t:
.1
>

>

;t on

brge numLer of witty ::;ay ings h e ~nil h11 ,[ that the
principles underly ing t 1icm are v ery f e \v · . The eleme11. t.
of surprise is perhaps <tlway::1 most eon::;p1cuou::i, awl it

:.'.I I

is gt· ll e l'aily dlL·dL'lt i11 1111c: of ti1e 1ra1 s indicated
;1.l -11-.. ,-._• .

\\'nl wut g 11i11g 1111tsiile <>l th e iif'id (1f ; \ 111 <• rir·an literat11rc, one l';U1 t·ite as Pxan 1plc•s <>( t II\' ti nest liumor
Irvi ng's J(111'rl11·rf1od rcr and ll olllll's's A11tvr:rr1t rif' tlie
f fr,;u!.:Ji1 st 'l'abfr . F"r 11l1al is k111>1n1 as " 1\ me rie;tn
l111nlllr," tl1JJ11 g h it is of 1110 111 a11 y h · jll'S tu lie <list.i11g·11isl1l'd tl111 s, 11·c· nal11ral ly t11rn tu 111 c 11·11l'ks o( tl1ose
\\Titc~ rs wl10 l1a1·c <·onfi111 ·cl t l1l' 111sch·L·s t11 this fi ehl,
Artvmus l\ranl. .Josh Billi 11 gs, i\Iark Twain. i\ l11 c;h of
J\ lr. B11nh·t!v's \\'ork is 1111(, 11nwOl'tl1y <>I' sla 111ling by
11 1 t~ side ol' ti1l's e 111as1ns i11 t1 1is dl'part1 11 1· 11t. 1\1 ul n e w
writl'r" an· eo11,-la 1it ly de r1 ·l 11pi11g 11,; 11· 1·,·i11s.
i \ ch·lil1,•ra k ;1( kill pt at \1Titi11g :t li11111,,ro11s sketeh
is an 1111d1·rtaJ,i11g of il1111l1tf11l l'Xpl'di l·11< :y, aml tl 1e
st tll k11t. \\'l111 111al;l's it 11111,-t. lll• t ]i;t ve 1.11" 11111 e h ennfidc·11c· c. Th e n •s11lt 111ay lie lat1gl1alilc· in a way very
dilfnent l'n1111 tl1at i11 11liid1 it \\'as i11t.l' 11cl, ·'1. ( >n e's
s11e<·l'."S a1 ka,.:t <·a 11 he c•;isily c·s1 i111 al!'d fnr JJ11c:'::; realle1"H
will s<'t' at """e wl1dli e r lie l1 as a ny gi ft "f lit1111or or
not. \\' e 111;ty l1<t\'e Vl'ry di 1·e r,.:c idl'as as lo tl1 e best
ki11 1l of l1111111Jr lint we are all pretty Wl'll agrcell as to
wl1at is clisti11 l' tly rnit li11111 or. An!l at the worst, :failu re
in t.l1is lin e is 11 ot Y l' I'.)' 111t1cli tu lie d e j1lured, 1111l ess one
aims at sncTess in so111e l1i,t;·IH·r field of literature where
Lumor is a rel1uisile.

E XE TIC'JSE LX X ITT.
TllE

~JJ()J\T

~TOI:\'.

111 JJ11r s11n·!'.1· 111' t!i,• 1il' ld of n•rnposition (Parts I.
a.11cl 11.), 11·liit:l1 aimeJ to ue ::;ystcmatie alld at lea::;t

<IJ 'l'r"xi111 :1ti-1y ,..,111pkl<· . \ll' \1·,·n· Lr .. 11~· !it (,,t i"· tl 11·· ·,ii11l d .. r l1t,·1;<111n· 1,i·"i'"r. .,f ·· n ·;1t1q· Ji11·r;1 t 111•.. \ ,1 •·\;1•·t
dl'li11iti<•ll ,.j· tl1i" (1 ·r111 111Tds (<> II(' alt1·1111 t,·d 11<'1·1·:
:rnlli cc iL lJJ say tl1:1t. it is iit1·1-;it11re.11·i1i,·!1 d,·;1[,.; 11 1 ! 11itl1
external faets arnl ev e n ts as st1t;h lll l' l'l'ly, ht1t. c·itl1l'r
l'realcs frc,.:h material i11 Lite lik c~ 11 es,.; of 1111"."t' nr j•l'l'""11ls
tl1 ese Lo us iLlealized aIHl g l<>rili c!l l1y tl1e >wi1 ·,·ti1111,
org;u1i1.ation, aw l i11Ll'rj1relaLio11 o( :L rnast l' r i11 ll·llc·l'l.
111 tl1is cl!•partme11 t ;rn y tl1ing like a 11 ;t(k1 11J'l a t i11strn 1·ti o11 111ust prove p et; tili arl y hal'J'Cll of n~s11l t-.;. But ;ut
has its pa.rt to phy e ven he re, ancl wlivre art is d .. 11i;111d1·d
it would be i1lle Lo a"su111 c that nothing h elpf11l ca11 lit·
::;aid. \Vli at littl1~ ca n lie said in tJii,- pla<' e must 111'
c.:our,.;e lie eo11finecl to the uroade,.;t prill(;i11ks.
C reative li terature in prose dress e0111111u11ly la kt·s tl1 e
form of fidin11, l1y whatever na rn e - ti.k,-, n1rn;rnccs,
novels - it m:Ly lie known. Pruse fidi o11 j,; 11<> l1 1i11 g
ll ew, h11 t its wunclcrfu l growth in tlil• prl',.;L·11t n· 11t11ry
li as rn :ukl'tl an c~ m i11 tlie his tory of likrat.11n» A11d
eve n within lliis j•t;riml there ha ve hee 11 great cl1a11g1 '.,.;.
Till: volurnill(llJ S Jlll \'t:l of a forme r ge 11 l' ration li; t" la rgvly
...
i,·e11 wa\·
to t11e short ,;Lorv,
very· differe11t i11 c·liaradn
,-,
.
J
from tl1e 11ld taks wl1i l' li led 11p tu the l'l:il1oralt- 110\' e l.
Jn tl1is f11rm, e ven llO\'l'l-\1Titi11g \:all affonl valual1l e a11•l
<leligl1tft1l cxe rei:>e in l·o111positi o11. To this, th e n, he·
our d'fmts lli rec kll.
On e is remiml l'Ll li e re of tl1e "::;tJJry" writt e n liy a
pupil in r esponse lo a req u est from the teaclin r.. r an
irnpromptu ten-111i1111 tc skdcl1. The pupil sat. tlt ougl 1tfully u11til th e h,.:t min11t~ ;rnu tlien ntjli dl y wroll',
"T a111 a wom-011t s hoe. 1\ly eofli11 is th e asli-l1arrel , 1m·
gr;LYe tl1 e dump ." Ir o111dy as tl1i::; is, it illustrates tl1 e
1

1

q

~
~

p<>ssii1ility ,, f (1·lli11~· .:t f'<lll 1[tldi: and sy1111n cL rica.l sLory
11·itl1ir1 ilr u cu llll':t.s,; of :t fe11· 11·onb. Tl1at is what t.he
:-dr11rt, :;Lury aims Lu do. J\.11d then•i11 cl1ieliy it diffl'rs
fr(llll till: 11lrlti111t' 1:1 ~1 '.
Tl11: l:di1T J't•L11t-,; :lll 1·11i.'it1(lt:
111 () 11 · Iii·,. •>I' 1111'· <•r lrr<> r•· j••·r~"l h , arril it i,; ft. I L Lu
iw uiiiy an q,is rni< :. Tl11; sl1nr(. .sl111y tri1·,; to com l.i n(;
with lire \'ity of \'Xprp~~ion many of th e ('l e lll e nts of Urn
long nov1·l.
It Sl'izes upnn 11·ktl. is ('l1araderisLit.: or
typi cal. lf it is a single i 11cidc 11 t, it may he tlie great
shaping i1ower uf a life, ol it may lie lhe crisis of one,
the in ev itabl e outt.:um e of halii t and charact e r. It will be
see n at on ce th:1. t success in this fi el<l will d e pe nd, more
than 11po11 an_ytlring else, upon tir e \\Tiler's mas tery of
th e art of s1·l1•din n. Tl1 e q11 cstions k ept constantly
hl~fnrc him will he, \Ylrat more can 1 cxcl11<le anrl yet
tell m y story! 11, •IV c;111 I give :t lristmy in a clta1Jter,
a chapter in a )'< L! ll lence ? make a wonl se rve for a scene,
a dee <l for :t cl1araet~r? To gra.sp a si t11a.ti o11 at the
clim:ix and n •pmrlu ce i t fol' th e rearlel' witl1out further
e xplana t ion or circuml oc nt ion - that is the task.
Th e folln\\'i11g :tl'e v ery gnn<l ex ;w11iles of what can
l1e dor1e i11 Llii." li11 c eve11 hy i11 e xpe rt writers:
Tl!E

Hl\"ALS.

Tlr erc W\' l'e lwn ri1·al:; i11 (Ill!' cla;;s. ]l was 111·a r the close of
tlie y1·ar an .J tlr• ·y l1ad 111ai11tai11ed 111·arly t•1p1al sla11di11g. \\!e
\\'t'rt! l:tki11g tlr1• ti11al 1·xa111i11atio11 i11 arill1111t·tic. Tire last
('Xa11qile 1ras part it'ltlarly l1ard. Orie o f the ri1·ab sat in front of
!lit', t li t• ol lrPr just acrnss t Ire aislt'.
Tl11~ lin11r wa~ dr:twin;.: 111 a clusr a11d ll11• l1oy i11 fro nt of 111e
had co111 1'lt'l1·d hi , pa1~ · r. ThP boy oppu.,it1· lrad Wt1rk 1,d ra.pidly
till Ir e ca 1111· tu ti ... la st 1·xa11q 1Jp ; then li e ilt"sitall-d, a11d st(Jl'J!ed.
Tlr1• lro11r ".,.., 111•a rly up wl11•11 t he ft•adwr l1·1't. tht• ruo111 fur a
lll OlllCHt.
Fruin a fo1r seah back came a luuJ whi~per; "How

~4
·~,

1:1

:i

~

do

YOH

·w ork the

last·~"

Tin_•

:u1.c.:.\\·1·r

w;1s

gi\·1·11.

Tl11 ~

1.uy

\Y~ 1 rk .
Tt "' 11 lt1• lwoitakd. ld11.-di1·d. hid d11\\ll l1i s I' '"· :t11d f.,!.J,·d Iii.,
.I . . \ L.
!'"I " r.
I\ 'Jill: 1·1 \11<11.l:Y

n pp<»s itl: llriglitetH:d up a11d h·a111•d fC)n\" ard lo <·111111·! ·1·· Li ...
1

si11c1• I 'tr1dl"d " '11. 111 11 .. , ,.,.,,,..i,. r \. l l ·· r" '""I
~ 1 1 oun ds w 1·n· :-:i·att>d gT01q1:-; of yo111t .:.:: g ir l...; Ldk111 :_:
a11 d laugl.ir 1g loudl y. ,\ 11i:u1, J,,a.di11 g a H111ili11g 1·l1 ild, " !<t r1...
girl perlrajJS fuur years uld, i•assed hy wit.11 ],.,,,.,.,[ lwa1l a11•l
api•ruaclre•l a lu11g 1lt'wly ma<le grave. Th,; f:.tl11•r k1wlt. ~111co\·erctl at its side. The little one glanced 11p wr tlr '111il 111 g
wnr1<!1•nnent , then knelt hesidn him. ] louki:d a.gai 11 ; ti .. ; f:t1l11·r
Iiad riM·n :ti1<l l1dorc lc•aving was reverentl y l'<' J•la ci11;.: the dirt 11(
the n1o11 i1<l , wlw re a ca re ks.~ foot had 111:trred it.s sy1111111·try. Tl11 ;
child ,toppe<l, 111 ade :t f l' \\' si111ila.r g<"st11n·' with a ti11 y l1a11.J , tlll'11
t nrnl'd witl 1 :t satisfietl s111ile to th e fath Pr and tl11·y J•a·' '' '" <t11.
Thl· laughing o[ the heedless g rou1•s jarr1•1l ll]'un 111" arid I w:ilk<·d
,\ f,. 11

~ 1111 .I:t\ .'

tli\ ·ri· upo n the

A.

Tli c aLove are singk situations nwrdy, a11d n1ay 11<1l
b e pure ficti on. Hut tlie 8ltort 8tory rn:ty l 1t: m11c Ii
wi<ler of 8copc, may he ind eed a 1101·cl i11 r11i1riaturc.
The r eso tirCC8 of this li tera.ry form l1an; :ts yet lwt :11
only partially <l c vcloperl l1y English :uid Arn eri'.·a.n
writers. Th e l'l' iulc r wl10 is interested i11 th e s1il1j('d
is r cfoned to tl1e man y sl1 ort ;;Lori cs of Francis Bret
] Lute, Frank H. Stoekto11, Riclrnnl 1fa.rdi11g Davi,.;,
l\Iary E. Wilkim;.
]twill lie seen fmtl1er th<tt i11 the writing of tidi11r1
in it:; l1ro:ulest :;cn:;e there is scarce ly a d t·v it.:e (>J'
prim:ipl e of composition wlri ch we h:w c all11tl,.rl tn
that "·ill 11ot come into 1"1ay. In<lee<l \1·ltat form of
diseoirrse i:; u :;c]e:-;s h er e'! Certainly n ot narration or
d escription ; nor e xpositio n. I:; it argument or p e rsuasion? Y o u will find aclwtl sl'rmuns in tire novels

2H
Ueorge Eliot; :u11l p11l 1l ie S]'<'f'( 'lH~ :-:, trinls at hw,
philosophi ca l dialogu es and (lisqni sitinns, abound in
works of pure ffrtioJJ. J\laskry th erefo re of tltfl whole
art of com posit.ion is a re(1 uisiie lo the novelist's highest
success.
To Le sure, some!l1i11g mme is ncc11ell - th e power
uf gcniu,.;, t li c creative toud1, wl1ielt alu1ie can make
a work of fit.:ti on li ve, wli eth cr that work aim t o portray
life a::; it i::; or life a,; it oug h t to lJc. Hut thi::; somet l1in g is in corn11111nicalJle save liy in,.;pirntion. Here
th en we stop, foll in the front too of tl1 c 11igh est form
of crc aLive Jitcratnre - poetry - \\·l1i eh, like fiction,
wnnl1l require ·~ speci al treatise eve n for it:> technical
::;i1lc.
( 11'

l\i)E\
t.it.k~ o f iurnkl :o. ar~ : iu il11.li.o f

l'l'i t leti u f exerc ises arc in

8M 1\LL cA l "IT A L::i;

Hri11ui1t!J a .~ /11uk , \!1•1•w l , 11111 .

Aecnracy, :· ~:J, f>~Atldiso11, .J.. sl'ph , \:! ::.

Bruw11i11 µ: , H o l it. ,
B u 11.111s1; :-;,

Aira..~ iz , Loni~ , 102.

A.lmu-'l

l\urd el.t.l', Hohl.., :!40.
Buntti, Hl1ht.. ' 2:~f1.
BlltTO U ~h f", .J ulin , no.

Amiel , H .- F. , t:\I.

Aw.lt•rt.;t·n , 11. C. , n:•.
AsDL\J.

ll AH IT:-O ,

A'.'DL\1..:-0 ,

7~ .

nn.

-.-.-

··1

_1\p rullH!lltati un tl efiu etl , 1._., - 1., .1.

A1~:l"'.\tE~T FHO~t ~ELF- EYll•E,'.'t 'I'
}'A1 ' T>' , 1:l7; BY C ,u t1-:F 1; 1. }, x1·u ~ ITH) '.'" , l:.H) .

A ,.;,tucntC!/ ·i.n A. 111 erin1, 1~-1.
,\ ri )o;t,1)pha1a: ~, ~' 2:!H.
_
A r11 o ld , M al t.he w, 1::-I , 1 r.t ' 11 l.
AHT

'Vl>Hl{ :o; oF,
'
A 1:TOB IOlfHAl'llY,
})E't'A ll.l·: U ,

·11 ;

8 [).
Ch·T1 1'.'\F
'
' . .,

]'.\L\ci!S AH \ ' ,

:in·'
-l:.! .

Cahi1i, A, r.:t
Cable, ~ eo. \\' · , )>·q ' :! :~:i. , .
/
( .111 ,_1','nyl ;,,It J, ila11l 11 r e lie I rw~1/d ·
14 1.
Capitali zation, l i:!.
C arl etun, \\'ill , ;\\ I,
Cer v;mt.es, t:m.
C nAH ACTE H l>1·: :-' t ' 1t11 ·T1os, 1 {1:: .,1.,

K~) i

l PEAL, H:L

Cl11•at.<' , Hufu r<, ! Kli.

l\ .\H , '1'111·:, J \)0.

1\:i$dnlll , !35.
1\as hkirt sl'ff, }fari e, '.!::10.
lll-a ut.y, [>4 , 112 , ll i.

"Hilli.n g~, Jo~h," :! 411 ·
·14.

]\in.ls , iO.

lllack , " "m., 85, '.!!\r,.
Buo l> Jt1-:u1·: w s, :!:!fl.
J\ ookR , nse of, 5G , fi!l, n:1, O!l.
]loswl'll, 44 .
Brev ity, i5, :!14.

2:\0 .

('lw11t·y, :-;. I'. , iO.
Chi.lil.e // 11.n1ld , J r.:!.

B;u·on, l .11 nl , l:.!:L
l\al za<', ~~. 111·1, )llf1.

1\ r c c k, li o n. S;rn1uel ,

111:1.

( '.c 111 dery , Tn lla·1 :! -1::.

(..' JJ< llllOl'r,

1\ tOG ltAl'llY,

1·:T1 ' . ,

Buny a n , .Joh11 , :;!'.

Jill nWVllY, 1R, :ll.

lt

Jl (i.

Tuws :-o,

n;:,.

C in: u111\o c ut.ill11 , ·!II.
Glcar-iny 1Y eatli cr, ~4.
C"le<trness, ::15, f,.J, 1 l:! , \)Ii, J\)(\,
~l fL

Culleye Prc.,idenl, '/'he, 1:!ti.
C ullin s, \Y ilki<' , t:l:!.
C<._'1npo8it.io n, l'l nut i1111 :i.l , 7; :·wi•· 11 t.ific, 7 ; ,,ri µ: i11 alit y in , 0; l et.1~1 ~1
o f, ;)\) ; <tll a rt , 4tl, 1 Ui; J!ril"' 1.• S('l>jtC nt
pi es nf , 11 l ·- 11 -I , J<)•>
' - • '
.'
:lO\J, :! JO; complete m eth od .,t,
:!11 .

246

INDEX.

Concepts, 112.
Condensa.tiun, 40, 116, 214, 210.
Conduct, 171.
Connotation, 131.
CONTESTS, P11Ys1CAL, 36; Ii<n:r.LECTUAL, 3!l.
Conversation. See Dialog u e~ .
Cooper, J. F., 100.
C IU'flCI S M,

W:t.

Criticism, 86; of writte11 work,
:3:3.
Cruiiie, A, 20.
Darwin, 113, 147.
Davis, Richard JI ., 243.
DEBATE, 150, w2, wu.
lh:DU CTIVE Ih: .\~ON INO ,

1.i11, IG4.

Definition, logical, 130.
De Foe, Daniel, 41.
Denotation, l :Jl.
De Quincey, Tho"., 12~, :!:·::!.
D escription, defined, ::J;J, :JJ, 47,
54, 118; scientific, 51 ; li tcmry,
51, 81; mcthotlical, (ll-6:~, 3(),
87.
DESC illPTI ON, O•' P•;nsoss, 80;
I~UGINATIVE,

04.

Dialect, 200, 2%.
Dialogues; 232.
DIA>tOND, 57.
DIARIES, 220.
See also JO:J.
Dickens, Chas., 8-1, 107.
Diffuseness, 40, 1Hi.
Direct Address, 175, 180, 100.
Division, logical, 1:io- 1:i2.
Dowtlen, Prof., i:H.
Duv•:'s D1scoMnTu 1n:, A, lll, 22.
EDITORIALS,

2]().

Eliot, George, 85, 202, 244.
Eloquence, 100-1!!:!.

Emphasis, 114, 115.
Essay, the modern, 126.
E.~.mys of Elia, 123.
Euphony, 114.
I~VIUJ•;NC E,

LitPrature, 20; creative. 2·11, 244.
Little Paupers, l:W.
Livinf(Htone, David, Hl:l.
Longfellow, ll. W., 1oa.
Lotteries, 1ll~.
Lowell, J. H., 134.

157.

101.
ExpanHi on, 40.
Exposition dC'lincd,
Extemporaneous 1<pe;tking, l
Excu1<swNs,

thitatiou, 78.

mmigru.nlll, 11.telliyence of Our,
21U.

Fallac ie8 of rcat1oning, 155, 1
Fiction, :!·I I.
Figures of sp•)ech, 35, S2, 1111.
}'itzGcrald, Edward, 226.
F1.ow~;u><, ml.
Force, 54, 112, 1 W .
Fure-iyn Iimni(lrat'ion, 197.
FonMAI, Es11An, 126.
Fouque, as.
Franklin, Benj., 42, 113.
FnuIT~,

61.

GAMES OF SK11.1.,

33.

Gt:o1.0GtcAL FottMATIONS,

Gough, J. Il., 42.
Grant, J ohn B. ,_60.
Grimm Brothers, 05.
llaJTis, J oel C., 235.
Harte, Bret, 23, 105, 235, 243;,
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 43, 44,,4.8,.
52, !)5.
llermit in the Willows,
H1sT01tY,

45.

llitt, lion. R. R . , 198.
Holmes, Dr. 0. W., 235, 240. ,
Howells, Yv. D., 105.
llow lite WMp Makes Her Ni
73.
Hughes, Thos., 38.
Hugo, Victor, 87, 105.

I'

CID~NT,
ORED,

15;

HJ;

COMPLEX,

Sn1 PLJo:,

1"i ; Coi.-

l•:).(HELJ.I~ HY.n , ~l

;

20, 31.

di.an Brll(tfl Makiny, 55.

nduction defin ed , 14f>-14i.
NoucT1vE Rt:Aso1<1No,
)'!FORMAi, ESSAYS,

u:::, H u.

122.

Ingelow, Jean, Sf>.
Interest, 5.
Irving, Washington, 41, US, 11:·l,
" 236, 240.

··Jack's Ignominy , 'J.7.
"Jefferson, Joseph, 42.
effrey, Francis, 134.
ournalism, 211.
ournals. See Diaries.
Uda8 Tree, The, 67.
ane, Elisha Kent, 102.
ennan, Geo., 102.
ipling, Rudyard, 98, 105.
amb, Ghas., 123, 236.
· ndor, W. S., 234.
ef from My Diary, A, 103.
:&GISLA'rURE, THE, 195.
ETTERS,

224.

illiputian Engineers, 73. ·
Lippard, Geo., 107.
Literary finish, 33, 40.

Macaulay, Lord, 128.
Mae Donald, Geo., fJ6,

:l~lf>.

MANUl'ACTlJJlF., J>R(H'E,..,'14.t~ J4

ov, [)3.

Margins, 112.
Material, how to find, r,_14, M,
5U, 2W, 218, 21 II.
Mathews, Wm., 152.
Matthews, Brander, 141, 223.
M.a.xims, 4.
Mv.cuANI C AL CoNTRIVA:<CEe, 4.9.
Memoirs, 44.
Miller, Joaquin, 86.
Miller, Olive Thome, 69.
MiNEHAI. KINGDOM, T111i:, 56.
Minto, Wm., 152.
Moliere, 236.
Montaigne, 123.
Mt. Kene&ato, 76.
J[ust the c~ Go, 165.

;1,,

·;:!
, I
l.J

!'

·!I'
l.t I

Narration, 15, 54 ; combined with
description, 97 ; order of, W.
NATURAL OBJECTS, 56; II< CoNJUNCTION WITH AHTIJ"ICIAL, 77.
Naturalness, 200, 226, 230.
NATURE, AT REllT, 75; 1N Ac81..
211.
New York .E1'ening Pollt, 219.
Nichol, Prof., 239.
Novels, 241.
Novelty, 3, 7, 11-14, 35, 72, 102.
"Nye, Bill," 237.
T1v1Tv,

NEwe,

I

248

Observation , 13, 67, 60, 61, Oil,
105, 144.
Occasional discourse, 185.
On TraMlating IIumer, 134.
OnATonv, 183.
.
O'Hell, Max, 124.
Originality, 35.
Ornamental composition, lfl , 21,
82, 83.
Outlines, 1 l r,, I '/.7- 1211.
Paragraphs, ll '/. - 1 I !'i.
Participles, 32.
Peabody, Selim 11. , 71, i:3.
Pepys, Samuel, 230.
Perrault, 05.
PERSONAL AOVENT U RE,,

lND~X.

l:SDEX.

Provincialisms, 113.
l'u1.1"1T, Tin:, 100.
Pun ctuation, l 12, 220.
QneRtions, of fact, 159 ; ofopi
ion , Hi2; of probability,
form of, l61.
Rant, l!ll, 201.
H1<LIGI OIJ8 DUTY, PER81JA8!0N B

A1·1°EAI, TO, 179.
Hepe titi on, 117, J 00.
Hiley, .I. W., 236.
Rival:J, The, 242.
Housseau, J. J., 232.
Huskin, John, 134, 211.

.

!)$.

l'ersonal equ11.tion, 164.
P1rnsoxAL lNTEnEsT, 1'.:1t•1 • A~10s
BY APPEAL TO, li:J.
Personal tone, l '/.3.
l'ERSUASIVE D 1scouH•E, J 71.
Phelps, Eliz. S., 05.
Photography , 20, 51.
Physw/.ogy, A Plea fur 11un·e C:c11eml Instru ctio n in, l 75.
l'la.n. Sec Outlines.
Pl,ANTS, 05, G8.
l'LAT}'OR~r, Trn;, '/.O.J.

l'la.to, 231.
Plutarch, 44.
Poetry, 244.
l'oint of view, 711, 8G.
Popular taste, 3li.
Porter, Jane, 100.
l'robability, 166- WO.
J>rolixity, 40, I HJ.
Prophecy, HJ9.
Proportion, 87.
See al:Jo 8y111metry.
Propositions, 119.

Sct:NER •·no." HrsToRY, 106.
Sct:xt; s »HOM J,n·E, 104.
S c 11001.

L1F E,

IN C JDENT

25.
Schreiner, Olive, 79.
Sc ience, study of, 181.
S('rt:NTIFIC THEATI8E8, 129.
Scott, Waiter, 38, 100, 105, 235.
Selection, the art of, 21 - 23, 210,
242.
Sent~nceti,

kinds, structure,
arrangement of, 114.
Sewell, Anna, 43.
Shakespeare, 105.
Sir.nplicity, 113, 215.
Slang, 35, 113.
SOCIAL

DUTY,

APPEAi. TO,

Pt:JISIJAIION

178.

SOCIAL GATHERINGS, 07.
Spencer, Herbert, 175, 181, 184. ,
Spoken discourse, 189, 106.
Stanley, Henry M., 102.
Stevenson, R. L., 30.
Stockton, }.', R., 243.

STORY, Tim 5nonT, 240.
:-;Tu~•', Tim, 188.
Style, how to attain the best, 11:.t ;
adaptation of, 200 ; inflated,
38 ; imaginative, 43, 63 ; dramatic , 104; rambling, 12:!;
colloquial, 123.
Subjects, suitable, 6, 200; to be
a.voided, 3- 5, 10; n.bstract, 3 ;
proverbial, ·1 ; figurative , 4 ;
indefinite, 5.
Syllogism, 160- 152, 154-156.
Symmetry, 39, 61, 65, 75, 76.
Symonds, J. A., 106.
Synnot, Henrietta. L., 129.

Th wing , Chas. F., 128.
Title, appropriate , H3, 27 ; attnwtive, 10; value of, 2(); i.ut~r­
rogative forms of, 168.
Toruit.s, 185.
Torna.do, Th e, 83.
Tmilin(J A rlmtu.•, The, 64.
Trausition, 32.
Tnivels, 101.
Troy, 6.
"Twain, Mark," 237, ~40.
Unity, 39, 41, 61, ll5.
Usage, 115.
VEGETABLE WORLD, TnE,

Talmage, T. D., 202.
Taste, 69, 116.
Tautology, 40.
Taylor, Bayard, 103.
Teclmica! terms, 35, 50, 56, 62,
63.
Terms, 119-121.
Testimony, 168.
Thompson, Maurice, 38, 60.
Thread of narration, 30.

61.

Verne, Jules, 95.
Wallace, Lew, 36, 107.
Walpole, Horace, 228.
"\Vard, Artemus," 240.
West, Prof. Andrew F., 166.
Wilkins, Mary E ., 243.
Winchell, Alexander, 59.
Won in One Inning , 34.
Words, choice of, 113.

ADVERTISEMENTS

HlGHEl~

7

ENGI,lSH.

A Practical Course in English Composition.
J\v ALPHO"R lt G. NRWCOMICR, Assist«nt Professor or English in Leland
:::;i.anfor<l tltrnlor· U11iversity.
l:!mo. Cloth.
price, HU cen ts; for i11trrnl1ll·tion, 80 cenL'i.

x +:bi~, pa.gt.~!'.

Maili11i;

rf'li IS

is an e111 ine11tly practical book. lt is intended for t.h.;
regular E11glish course of High Schoolri an<l ,\c:uJ.,mit•s -- to
acco1111•any or follow such a book as Lockwood's Lcs,;uus in English - or for elementary work in colleges. The author ha~ a
definite, practical ai111. Ile "tires low." It is l>elieved that this
historic injunction has nowhere a more Ralutary application than
in books on English Compositio11.
111 Newcomer the art of Compositio11 is given the diAtinct
treatme11t which its i111porta11ce warrants. 'Vhile it may not be
entirely dissociated from the scie11ce of Rhetoric, there are no
formal rules and no "rhetorical exercises." The writi11g of compositio11s - whole compositions - is insisted upon from first to
last. A systematic course is followed, beginning with simple
narration and leadi11g up to the more difficult formM of discourse.
Under each exercise subjects are proposed, followed l•y suggestious
an<l illustrtttions.
Henry N. Dickinson, flislructor
in Engli8h, MassacJ1u.•ells 1n.•tilule
of Techrwlogy: Newcomer's l>ook is
the l>est that I have seen or its
kind.
Enoch Perrine, Professor of Rhetoric and .f': ng/i.,h Literature, llucknell Univer.•ity, Lewi.•lmrg, Pa .:
The aim as well as the execution
of the plau i• certainly to l>e commended.
Bliss Perry, l'r<>fe.•sor of English,
Princeton College: I like the plan
of the English composition very
much.
D. E. Bowman, Principal High
Sclwol, Wate1·ville, Me.: I consider
this a mo<lel work .
H. A. Hartman, Pr<>feMor of Languages, State E:cperimental College,
A.thma, Ala. ; The method used In

presenting the sul>ject of English
composition is ""ry simple, plain
and concise.
1. G. Wight, Principal Classical
High Sc/1001, Worcester, Ma&., . : It Is
an admirable and needed supplement
to grammar and rhetoric.
H. H. Robinson, Superinl~nde11t
of School8, Geneva, Ill. : I consider it
the freest, the most nnconveutlonal ,
the most ambition-stirring book 011
English composition that I have ever
seen.
RobertF. Pennell, P1·incipal Stal•
Norina/ Sclwo/ 1 C.:hie-0, Cal. : I am
pleased with it.
B. H. Pa.tteraon, Teacher of Engli&h, High School, Pitt.8burgh, Pa.:
It is an admirable book, full of good
suggestions and helpful where help
is ·most needed.

'

II
l"·'lI

I)!"I'
:. :
ii!
! ll
1·!

1

l'

I'!:

H -~~l
i..J:, ,.d
·',,!'
~iil

.!I

~11

j''i

L..I:

1-li

I' T.~

/!;

i·"

1~r.
'I'
"'l~l!I

!'I'"'"tj
t1l;

1~1

Ht
ii'!'

j··f·i

!"'1

:J

8

HIGIIBR ENGLISH.

HIGHER ENGLISH.

The Practical Elements of Rhetoric.

1_,

B~JOHN F. GENUNG, Ph.D., Prore880r or Rhetoric In Amherst College .
1 o. Cloth. xiv+ 483 pages. Mailing price, 81.40; tor lntrod., 31.211:

THE ~atme~t i~ :haracterized by good sense, simplicity, originality, ava1lab1lity, completeness and ample illustration.
".'.
It is throughout constructive and the student is regarded at
every step as endeavoring to make literature. All of the literary'
forms have been given something of the fulness liitherto accorded ·
only to argument and oratory. No important principle has been .
presented without illustrations drawn from the usage of the best'.
authorities.
Genung's Rhetoric, though a work pn a trite subject, has aroused
general enthusiasm by its freshness and practical worth. Among
the many leading institutions that have introduced it a.re Wellesley, Smith, Vassar Colleges; Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Vanderbilt
Northwestern Uuiversities; and the Universities of Virginia:
North Carolina, Dlinois, Minnesota., Kan~ll.s, Mlchige.n.
..o. F. Richardson, Prof.,of English, T. W. Hunt, Prof. of Eng. Li.tera.

Literature, Uar~11wuth College , .a'rl.d
a~hor of a Hu to711 of .A.meri.can
Literature: I fin~ 1t excellent both
In J>~an and execnt1on.
~11 M: A. ~ordan, Prof. of Rhetoric, ~mith Co!l~g~, Nort~ampton,
M<L8s.. The cr1.t1c 1s consc1.ous of a
feeling or surprise ns he misses the
orthodox dulncss. The analysis of
toplc:s Is clear, the ill1;JStrations are
pertment and of value m themselves,
the rules are concise and portable.

ture , Princeton College, Princeton,
N. J.: It lmpre88eS me as afhilo.
sophlc and useful manual.
like·
especially its llternr"Y- spirit.
W. H. Xagruder, Prof. of Engli&h,
.4.pricultu.ral and .Mechanical College
of Misri.uippi: For clearness of
thought, 1ucldity of expression apt.
ness or Illustration -in short for
real teaching power:- I have ~ever ~
seen this work equallel'.
·

A Handbook of Rhetorical Analysfa.
Studie,s in Style and lnventlo.n, designed to accompany the author's '
Proctical Elements of Rhetori.c. By JOHN F . GENUNG PhD Pro-·

fes~.r or R~ctoric in Amherst College. 12mo. Cloth. xll + aOO .Pages.
Ma1lmg Price, $1.2.':i; Introduction and Teachers' Price, Sl.12.

~IS handbook follows the general plan of the larger text-book,
being designed to alterne.te with that from time to time aa
different stages of the subject a.re reached.
'
1. lL Gilmore, Prof. of Rhetoric,
O. L. :Ehrenfeld, Prof. English
Univeraitv of Rochester, N. Y.: This Wittenberg

College,

SprinfJ}ieli

strikes me.,as a very significant at. Ohio: Its actual use in class work I

tempt to open a road that college baa confirmed my former favorable: \
1tudente e1peclally need to travel.
judgment of It.

9

Outlines of Rhetoric.
Embodied in Rules, Illustrative Examples, anti a Progressive Course ?f
Prot!<l Com sition. By JOHN F. GENUNG, Professor or R.hetor1c lU
Amherst (fo;lege. 12mo. Cloth. viii+ 331 pages. Mall mg price,
$1.10; for introduction, $ 1.00.

ENUNG'S Outlines iR in no sense a condensation or adaptation
the author's "Practical Elements of Rhetoric," b ut an
entirely new book prepared for a different fie!~ afte: a long and
careful study of its peculiar needs. The book 1s designed for use
in high schools, aciidemies, and seminaries, and for elementary
courses in colleges.
Great care has been devoted in the "Outlines " to giving the
principles in such plain and simple language that the pupil w.ill
110t fail to understand; and such is its clearness that even begrnners will find many of the deeper principles of expression, as well
as the simpler, both lucid and interesting.
From beginning to end the principles of rhetoric are condensed
into brief well-worded rules, such as can be eaJ!ily carried in the
memory. ' Th"i".,, •a unique feature of the present book,
. . will enable
the student to carry the whole science of rhetoric m very small
and very usable compass.
. .
Beginning with sentences to be corrected, compos1t1ons to be
rewritten, problems to be. worked out, it goes on by ~egree~ to
work that is more originative, all needed directions bemg given
by means of notes and references, until by the time the student
has gone through the book he has exemplified all the g~at
processes 0 { composition, from choice of _words up to the plannmg
and working out of complete essays of his own.
In every part the endeavor is made to develop and foster th~t
contriving, originative spirit which every young person has m
doing what interests him, and which every writer must have
in order to bring anything to pass.
All the parts of the book are so arranged as to be easily found
and consulted · and the Appendix contains, arranged in alpha~etical order, ~ large body of words and phrases that a writer
ought to heed if he would conform his work to good usage.

G of

·I

,I
1'

10

HIGHER ENGLrSH.

G. 1. Smith, Prof~sor of En,qlish ,
Charles C. Ramsa y, PrinCiya
Central llirth Sc/tool, Wasltinr1ton, lli!lh School, Ji'all River, · Ma8a. ·:
]). C.: It is an excellent text-book, regard lt as a clear cut, admirabl

- orlg lnal an<l practical.

method lc, nnd practiCnl book.:~ ·.,
Margaret Hill, Head of Eng ·
School, P rovidence, R. I.: Our /)epartment, High School, Sprin
teachers a rc much pleased with it . .field, Mass. : I l)m using the boo
,.,
W.1. Milne, l're:ri<lent Stale Nur- my classes.
mal College, Albany, N. Y .: It is a
G. 11. Turnbull, Principal o/Higli
book of rea l merit.
Scltoul, G'olora<lo Sp1·ings, Colo:-: it
Sarah lI. Melvin, I'rofe.•.•or of is au admirable book. ~ti s accurate
Rhetoric, l>fount J/olyoke C:ol/ege, without pedantry, logica l in method.
Sotith lla<lley, Ma .•.•.: It iR a nn iqnc abundant in illu stration and 'eice !
work , clear and practical, well ar- cise. . . . It is suggestive. The
r anged, sngges ti ve.
teacher who uses It will only Ila\'.'
Edmund lI. Sears, Principal of to foll ow ou t th e lines laid down t
Jlfary [n.,tilute , Wa.•hin.17ton Univer- ensure development of the pu_pils
sity, St. Louis, Mo.: I des ire to ex- poweN.1. Jt is lull ot the litera'
. ·
press my cordia l approval of the spiri t.
work .
George W. Waite, Superinienden
John M. Clapp, Instructor in Rhet- of Schools, Obet·Un, 0. : I heartll
oric, lliinoi.• College, Ja ck.ionville: com mend it for high school use;
I do not know an eleme11 tary rh etJ. W. Knappenberger, Allentown
oric so interesting and at the same G'ullege f or Women , Pa.: It Is <;I ~~.
time so complete.
th oro ugh, s uggestive, and in ever.y
Charles Graham Dunlap, l'rofe.•- way well a dapted to Interest and
·• •
sor of Rhetoric """ .E ttgli.<h, U11iver- instruct students.
11ity of J( ansas : I rcga rd t.l1e 0 utHerbert llates, lnst1·uctor in
lines as the mo8t snti•factory text- English, University of Ne braska: lt
boo k on elementary rhetoric, that pleases me more than nny eleme1,1 t1 have see n.
a ry rhetoric t hat I have yet seen,
F. E. Schelling, l'ro/e.•.""' ~f F:ng- It is ns t horoug h as it Is practic
li81l L iter at ure, Un ive1wily of l'c1w.Luella C. Carson, Profeasor
sylvania: Jt see ms to me wholly Rhelo1·ic, Un'iversity of Oregon: , 1.
admirable for i t.~ directness and sim- is cl ear, fres h, vigorous, a nd full 6
plicity of expos ition.
t he same spirit that is found in th
Albert Leonard, l'rinri1wl l!igh author's Practical Rhetoric. , ..
School, Bi11gltw1tton, N. 1-.: Tho
F. B. Sawvel, Professor of Engliah
work seem s to me most ad mirably Thiel Culfor1e, Greenville, Pa.: I ia
s ui ted to th e needs of high sc hool logical, fresh and Interesting. " .. ~
classes.
M. Calloway, 1r:, Ac(j. Prof~
Harry lI. Burnham, 'J'ead1 er of of Engli.~lt, University of Texas: ..
Rhetoric, High Schuul, JJilid~(ord, a m cons tantly recommending ·the
Ale.: A thorough examina tion o f the Outlines to our auxiliary schools/ '
book convinces me that no other should be g lad to see it uee4. ID
would 1uit my purpose as well,
our high echoola.
:· ..: .'. '.

D. W. Hoyt, I'1·incipal of lliflh

HIGHER ENGLISH.

11

Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature.
Designed mainly to show characteristiC8 of style. By WILLIAM~.
MA Professor o! Logic and J~ngllllh Literature in the Uwvero1ty o1
Abe~deen, Scotland. l::!mo. Clotll. 066 pagee. Malling price, &l.66;
1or introduction, 31.liO.

THE main design is to assist in directing students in English
composition to the merits and defects of the princi~al writers
of prose, enabling them, in some degree at least , to acquire the one
and avoid the other. The Introduction analyzes style: elements
of style, qualities of style, kinds of composition. Part First gives
exhaustive analyses of De Quincey, Macaulay, and Garlyle. These
serve as a key to all the other authors treated. Part Second takes
up Uie prose authors in historical order, from the fourteenth century up to the early part of the nineteenth.
Hiram Corson, Prof. Engliah Literature, C:ornell University : Without going outside of this book, an earnest student could get a knowledge
of English prose styles, based on the
soundest principles of criticism, snch
as he could not get in any twenty
volumes which I kr.ow of.
Katherine Lee Bates, Prof. of
E n,11lish, Wellesley College: It ls of
sterling value.
1ohn M. Ellis, Prof. of En,11li3h
J, i teralu re, Ober/hi Co/leye : I am
1111ing il for reference with great ln-

terest. The criticisms and comments
on authors are admirable-the best,
on the whole, that I have met with
in any text-book.
1. Scott Clark, Prof. of Rhetoric,
Syracuse Univeraity: We have now
gi ven Minto's Engli8b Prose a good
trial, and I am so much pleased that
I want some more of the same.
A. W. Long, Wofford Oolle9e, Spartanburq, S .C. : I have used Mint.o's
English Poets and English Prose t he
pMt year, and am greatly pleased
with the results.

Minto's Characteristics of the English Poets.
from . Chaucer to Shir/Bf.
By WILLIAM MINTO, M.A., Professor of Logic and F.nglish L iterature
In the Universitv of Aberdeen, Scotland. 12mo. Cloth. xi+ 382 page11.
Mailini: price, $ 1.6.5; !or introduction, $USO.
0

1:

I
J
,J

I
j

Oollege Requirements in English.
Entrance Examinations.
By Rev. ARTHUR \VRNTW O RTH EATON, B.A., lnRtrnctor in Engli~h. in
the Cutler School, New York. l2mo. Cloth. 74 pag-.,s. Ma1lmg
price, \JO cents; to teachers, 80 cents.

'I

·:

·'

l :2

Hl (; JlER

Selections
Victoria .

In

The Art of Poetry:

English Prose from Elizabeth to

The Poetical Treatises of Horace, Vida. and Boileau, with the trans lations by How es. Pill. and Soam e .

1580-1880.

r:,..r.\.\11.::-; .\LU u-.-.•vrr 1'· '· · ·
·
·
a.lu re i.11 tlw lft.dv;,r~itY 0 :u~)·i~~;~~ ~[. t h t.:_>hll g; lt~l,a L1u1g~1ag-e _:'\llrl Litct1
Hy nt :t il , .~J .fi!'i : for intrnd11di o 1 ~ .'Sl ..-,o. -lll V. LlotJi . IX+ lOI Jia.~PS.

1

..

TII E tiekd io11s a re acco111pa11ieJ by such explanatory notes as

Shelley's Defense of Poetry.
Edited, with lntro<111ctinn a nd Notes, by A LnP'.1tT S. f:110K. Prof""'"" o f
English in Yale University. l:lmo. Cloth. xx vi -t- ~; )J:tg;·s. l'ri cc
by mail, GO cents; fo1· introduction, 50 cents.
John F. Genung, Prof. of Rhetori c, lure ; an<l in the introd ucti on a nd
A11J1ersl Colleqe; By hi s excell ent uotes, which evince in every pa rt tl1 e
editions of these three works, Pro- thorough and sympal helic sc hola r,
fessor Cook is doing invaluable as also in the beautif ul form given
se rvice for the s tudy of poetry . The to . the books by I he pri 11ter an'!
works th emsel ves, written by men bind er, the stude nt has all the help
who were masters alik e of poetry to !lie reading of thc111 that he ca 11
and prose, are staudard as li tera- desire.

F. B. Gummere, Prof. of Englialt
Hiwcrfrn·d Cul/efle : I like the plan:
tat1011s in every respect, and will
the 8e lect 1011 ~ . a11d the making of the
become an indispensalil e help in !he book.
work of our senior E11gli sb class.

Macaulay's Essay on Milton.
SMITH,

A CONVENIE_NT and well~dited edition of Macaulay's masterly
essay on i\1 ii Co n.
valuable to stude ut.~.

The -introduction an<l notes are espeoia.J:Iy

Journal of the Plague Year.

Edited bv BvnoN s Hun
· I
·
University. 12m~. ~C loth LDU1.,, ~struct'ru1·n Eng-lish In Harvard
introduc•,ion,
cents.
·
p,iges.
a mg price,
cents; for

THE ?ook is intcntlecl to i11eet the requirements of students .
panng to t J ti
JJ
pie-

'
.a rn
ie co ege eut ran ce examinations and to
supply a conve 111e11t edit.ion fo r general use.
'
Phillips Exeter Lectures.

B:I'. Rev. ~HILLJPS ~ROOK!I, D.D. 12mo.
price, 12 cents; for mtrodnction, 10 cents.

-'

Cardinal Newman's Essay on Poetry.
With reference to Aristotle's Poetks. Edited, with lntrodut: tion an1I
Notes, by ALBERT S. Coo K, Professor of English in Yale Univer•ity.
8vo. Limp cloth. x + :l6 pages. Mailing price, 35 ce nts; for introduction, 30 cents.

Addison's Criticisms on Paradise Lost.

DeFoe's History of the Plague m London.

Biography.

iu~.

n otes is a test1111ot1y to h is patien ce

H'. N. ?.gden, West Vir,qi11ia U1tive,.:Yit11: _I he book fulfill s my expec-

Instructor
pages. Malling

1

I

•

Edi ted, with Intro<luction niul N ,
H
in English in Yale Unlversityu 1<-j"~ 1 1•Y iltB1£RT A.
price,
cents; fo r introductiot, i~
c~i~ts. aper.

Ed ite\i l1v Ar.HF.RT~ - Cn o K, Pr ofp ~s0r of t lH~ Eng-ll:•d1 Lan!,!"11ac:P an il
Liu-· rau1rP in Yah · l i 11i ve r~it y . l'!mo. C ln1!1. l v iii + ;1.(1;) pa g 1·~ - f\laili n ;.. :
price, .') l ·~;;; fo r i11tr<_1ductio11, SI.I'! .

Bliss Perry. l'ruf. of Enqlish, \ as well as l1i s :-K·hola rs l1ip. . . . I
Princetnn C()U1:r/1': The ful\nP,ss arnl wish t o f:xpre:-;s ru y ad111i r a tion ( f
accuracy of !he refereoces in lhe such (i\ithful and co111petent edit-

have bee n J ee 111ed
uec
-· ·~ 0
j
·11 ave rage so11 e twellty
- -' '· ·"}, an t w1
1
pages, each. T~1 e object is to pruvi<le stude nts with the texts
themselves of tm' lllust, pro111i11e11t writ,.i·s
of -•
1•' 11 1· l
f
~ ·
i; • ~ 1 prose or
1 past t h1:ee_ h1111dred }'Pars, in selections
tie
of ~uRlcient Je1wth to
Le cha'.·a~tenst1c u~ the :~11tl1or, an<l, when possible, they ar: com~ .
plete \\OJ k~ or sections of works.
•

E~GLlSIL

Paper.

30 pages.

Malling

Edited by ALBERT S. Coo K, Pro fessor of the Engli<h Language anc'.
Literature in Yal e University . !:!mo. C loth. xx vi+ WO pag!ls,
Mailing price, $1.10; for iutroductlou, $1.00.
'JI. D. Scudder, Instructor in Erir1-1 be welcome as an addition to our
lish Literature, Wellesley Coller1e: It store of text-lwoks.
seems to me admirably edited and to

" What is Poetry ? "

,,i·
1.

'I

i
I

Leigh Hunt's Answer to

the Question, including Remarks on fersificaf1on.
Edited by ALDEt<T S. CooK, Professor of the English Language and
Literature in Yale University. 12mo. Cloth. 104 pagee. Mailing
price, 60 cents; for introduction, 50 cents.

Jer-,

Bliss Perry, Colleqe of New
prove to the teacher one of the most
sey, Priru;etori, N.J.: Professor useful volumes in the Heries it repreCook's beautiful little book will sents.

,,

1·t
11 IG fTEI~

Tfie Beginnings of the English Romantic fv1ouement.

A Primer of English Verse.

¢ Stud y

in ~ight ce nth Cent nry Literntnrc. Bv "\V JLLIA•l L
1 1
~~~Psb~/: ·D.,).'
in E n)!li~I~ Lite~ature·, Yale U~ iver~ft.
1ti2on,
111 ~ ;~tor
$ 1.00. · " '
· ~ p:-1ges. J\faihng price, .~ J .10; for introd uc-

TH fS

book is a study of t he germs of En g lish Romanticism
between 1725 a nd 176:). Xo ot he r wo rk in this fi eld I
eve
ias
. r be e n p u b.l'is 11e1l , I 1e 11cc tlte resu ltti g ire n here are a ll t he fruit
of fi rst-ham! rnYcs tigati o n. Th e Look 1liscus~e~, with abundant
re feren ce~ :ind illust ratio ns, the ,·arions causes that bro ug li t about
t he trans1t1on
fro111 Chssicis
·
1n t o Roman t 1' c1sn1
. of taste
.
· ··
- sue I1 as
t he Spe nsenao re 1·1\·ai, the i11flu c nce of J\lil ton's min or J>oetrv ti
love f
1·
I 1· 1·
I
"' ie
. . o '.Hee 1 ;~va . 1 c, t " ' rel'i 1:al of. ba ll ad li te rature, t he st udy of
='i •01the1
n rnytl1o logy,
cl.c. rt is• Lelteved t l1·tt
t•11 1· •8 boo k JS
· a con•
•
•
fr~ Lu tio n to ? nr k nowl edge of English lite rary ltisto ry; and it
''ill . be especial ly Ya! uahle to adrn nced classes of st ude nts who
arc 111lerest.cd in tl1" <le1·elo pn1 l' nt of l it ~ ratnrc.
0
.1
i(

.~chibald MacMe_chan, l'N!/i'.•-<nr

f.nr;lish, lirrllwu."" l.,'r,l/e'/C , I/al·
·
i a:t, ,V·•·\' ... I t is."
va lu aule co11tri'.ntlon lo. tho Jnsto ry of E11;::li sli
l11 r-rat11 n' Ill the c1ghtcc11t h ecnturv.
Barrett Wendell p .r . . · •

1'QJeoso1

0.1

Xn r11;,,11 , llarvarrl Universiti : All
alo1w I Jnve tl10· 11 .,J1 t 1·t
y
h
"
'
"
among t e
rn ost sd1o la rl y and suggestive books
of lite rary hi story .. . -. It is ccrtainl y uased O il ·in '\ lll O U!t
f
.
1
. .
·
' •
o origmal study by uo rn ea 11 s us ual.

I

I3y HmAM CoRSor<, Professo r of English Lit.eraturn in Cornell U u ivorsity. l~m o. Cloth. iv + ~:l2 pages. By mail, $1.10 ; for introduc tion,
$1.00.

THE leadiug purpose o( this volume is to iutro<luce the stude nt
to the msthetic and organic character of Euglish Verse - to
cultivate hi s suscept.iuility to verse a.s an inseparable part of poetic
expression . To t his e 11d, the vari ous effects proYided for by the
poet, either conscio usly o r unconsciously on his part, a re give n for
t he student to practice upon, until those effects come out J i:itinctly
to his fee lin gs.
J. H. Gilmore, P rof. of 1',nf;lish ,
Univcrsity of R ochester: It gives a
thorouglily adequate discussion o f
tho principal for ms of E ng-lish ve rse.
The University Magazine, New
York: Professo r Corson ha s given
us a most interestiu g and thorough
treatise on tlie characteri stics and

By

LAURA JOHN~ON

U11iversit y.

J~rno.

1_1 II~ . c riti cal

" ' YLIF. G

Cloth. "

d
ra uate

s t.nd e nt

pa ge~.

.

of Englis h in Yale
Mailing price , $

principle~ of Dryde n a nrl Cole ridge, and tlie Cti nd1t10us on which t he evolution of thei r opposite theo ries
<le1'.°'.1ded, ~r: ~he. s ubjec ts chiefly d iscussed in this Look. The
classical Hp1.nt JS first tra.c ed fro 111 its Legirrnings in the sixtee nth
ce ntury to its _adequ a te cx11n•ssio n Ly JJ 1·ycle 11 ·, t Jie p reparation
for a m o re pl 11 losoplti c c riti cis m is t he n so ug ht in the wide nin
s~ uip~.thy, and_ ~11?wle~ge of th e eightee n th ceutury; and, finall;,
Co l~ ndge s cr'.t1 c1s111 1s co nsitl c red as representing the reaction
agamst t he philosopl1y of the preceding school.

uses of Engli sh metres. He <liscusses th e forec and cffocts or V>L rious metres, g i\·i11 ~ examples of usagt:
fro m various poets. T he book will
u e of g reat use to both the cri t ieal
student and to those who rccoi:nize
that poet ry, lik e mnsic , is co nst m eted
on scienti fic and precise pri nciples.

Analytics of Literature.
A Manual for the Obj ective Study of English Prose a n<l Poetry. By
L. A. SHR R ~lAN, Professor of E ng lis h Lit erature in the Universi ty of
Neu ra~ka.
12mo. Cloth. xx+ 4Ull pages. Mailing priee, ~ 1 AO; fur
introd uetio11, $ 1. ~ .

Studies in the Evolution of English Criticism.
!or introdu ction, $

E:\GLISH .

THI S b ook was wri tten to embody a new system of teach ing
li teratu re t hat h as b ee n tried with great Sllccess. The ch!ef
feat ures of t he system a re the recog nition of elemen ts, and insuring
an exp erience of each, on the part of the learn e r, according to t he
laborato ry pla n. The principal stages in the evolution of form
in lite rature are macl e especial subj ect s of Mtudy.
Edwin M. Hopkins, Instructor of it an extremely SUJ::)!CStive bpok.
University of J( ansas: I It hns a g reat deal of ori giuality a n<l

f'.'n_qli8h,

am

d e li~hte<l

with thti frui t ful and earuestn e R" .
Daniel J . Dorchester, Jr., Prq(. nf
w ay ln which he has
Rhetoric and Eri.qlish Literature,
treated the ~nbj ec t.
Bliss Perry, College of N ew Jer- B oston University: It iR a vny usesey, Princeton, N.J. : I have found ful book. I shall recommend it.

8U!.('l;est.ivc

i:

BOOKS IN HIGHER ENGLISH.
lntrod. Price.

Alexander; Introduction to Browning . . .
Athenmum Press Series ;
Cook; Sidney's Defense of Poesy
Gummere: Old English Ballads . . .
Schelling: Ben Jonson's Timber. . .
:Baker:
Plot-Book of Some EliT.abetban Plays .
Cook:
A First Book in Old English • . . .
Shelley's Defense of Poetry
The Art of Poetry . • . .
Hunt's What is Poetry?. . .
Newman's Aristotle's Poetics . . . .
Addison's Criticisms on Paradi~e Lost.
Bacon's Advancement of Learning • .
Corson:
Primer of English Verse • • . . .
Emery;
Notes on Eng lish Literature • . . . . . . . .
English Literature Pamphlets; Ancient Mariner, .05 · First
Bunker Hill Address, .10; Essay on Lord Clive,
.15; Second Essay on the Earl of Chatham, .15;
Burke, I. and II.; Webster, I. and II.; Bacon;
Wordsworth, I. and II.; Coleridge and Burns;
Addison and Goldsmith . • • . . .
Each
Fulton & Trueblood; Practical Elocution . . . . . . Retail
Choice Readings, $ 1.llO; Chart of Vocal Expression .
College Critic's Tablet . . • . • . .
Garnett;
English Prose from Elizabeth to Victorhl
Gayley;
Classic Myths in English Literature
Genung;
Outlines of Rhetoric • . . • .
Elements o( Rhetoric, $1.2.5; Rl..ietorical Analvsis
Gummere:
Hand book of Poetics . • • . . . • • • • . • •
Hudson;
Harvard Edition of Shakespeare's Complete Works: 20 Vol. Ed. Cloth, retail, S25.00 ; Half-calf, retail.
10 Vol. Ed. Cloth, retail, $20.00; Half-calf, retail .
Life, Art, and Characters of Shakespeare. 2 vols. Cloth,
New School Shakespeare. Each play: Paper, .30; Cloth,
Text-Book of Poetry; Text-Book o( Prose
• Each
Classical English Reader . . • • .
Lockwood: Lessons in Engli•h , $1.12; ThanatopAis
Maxcy;
Tragedy or Hamlet • • • . • • .
Minto;
Manual or English Prose Literature . .
Characteristics of English Poets • • • .
Newcomer: Practical Course in English Composition .
Phelps:
English Romantic Movement . • • • . .
Sherman:
Analytics of Literature . . . • . • . .
Smith:
Synopsis or English and American Literature
Sprague;
rrfilton's Paradise Lost and Lycidas
Thayer:
The Best Elizabethan Plays • • • . •
Thom:
Shakespeare and Chaucer Examinations .
White:
Philosophy or American Literature
Whitney:
E•sentials or Eni.:lish Grammar • . . .
Whitney & Lockwood: English Grammar • • . . . . . . .
Winchester; Five Short Courses or Reading in English Literature,
AND OTH.ltR VALUABLE WORKS.

St.oo
.80
.()()

.80

.oo

1.50
~'X>

1.12
.llO

.oo

1.00
.00
l.00
1.00

.HS
J .I)()

2.00
.60
1.50
l.liO

1.00
1.12
1.00
!SIS.00
4-0.00
4.00
.45
1.25
1.00
.10
.45
l.50
1.50
.80
1.00
1.25
.80
.45
1.25
1.00
.:JO
.75
.70
.40

I
l

I
!.
I

CINN & COMPANY, Publishers,
Boston, New York, "lid Chica.go.

I

I
f
I

t

