ENGL l SJ (

C 01Vl J> 0 8 J Tl 0

BY PRACTICE

BY

EDWARD R. SHAW. !'11.n.
rROFESRO H. IN Tltt-: 8G JI OO L Of!' PEllAG OO \", l.:'SJ\.li:U.!-! ITY uf;' T ll E Cin' f'l JI'
NKW YOllK

NEW YORK

HENRY HOL'l' & COMPANY
18!12

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ONI( OF TR E TEA( ' ll EHR 01" Tl!Ell1

YOUTH AUO\' E Al.I. CITlll". H?'\ IN HIWA HD AND rrn\'lml·:NCE.
lT 18 11 .E Wllo?'\I,: LOVE FO il 11 rn WOHK AN D \\'llO"E
STH()Nn
MIJ'\D

PEHSONAl.ITY
TO

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FULLER

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Ql!lCliENEIJ THE

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DEVELOI'-\! ENT .

APPHEC I ATION
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fN til' HIUES

TllE::IE PA OE,;
COPYRIGHT,

1892,

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HEN'lff ll OLT ,<;c CO.

TO

!Dr. :a. <B. !IDcrwin,
PHlN C l l'AL 0 ~' l'Ul<l. IC 8l' ll OOL NO.

lJHOOKLYN, N. Y,

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tnl\ c 11 fir ..; I , if pupil.-; :1n· d«ii«i«td ll11 ·1·«i11. .\ k111111 l•«i :..: " "'
! ll ,; j J : i It ·:... l· :--l i l. _it·1 ·I ...; h ;1 ii f' ...;f 1"1 ·1 j I! i .. .: i It' I " .'....'.' 1111 j '.', ;· 1; 11: _:· . :: ~
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i11 vt11111 ~-..i1 · d cii11q;i• ....:i i i1i11. l1l · (i'I'!~ I l1l'ir 11 :--t·ful11l'."'·"' · ;uid
ncq uin· ~ f·li1 · lialiit of 11si11~ 1lir· 111 :1r l;,.: :ts lw 1·. :·i : "' · T l11·
unl«r or l<tj>i«s :1 drt1iti·d i11 \•1111<'1li :ii i1111 is 111:11 1«1:111d 111.. - 1
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.INTR OD [JCT/ ON.

gooll in its1'lf. mnst he n;:r1l <"rt rrf nll y. fts tcn11P nf·y is t.o
!.,ad to perrc ri'iun of E11gl i.-d1 , hcea11 se tl1 c p11pil 11nco 11:-('i onsly a d• 1p t~ the poc-tic 0rtll· r o f wu n h
'l'hl' avo irLtn r·c
o( Lhe p11cl i1; onkr p rcs 11 pp !1s1·s w rn c lrn o wl cdge of cu111posiLiun . \\'li en Lhe pupil has nuL thi s kn owk,dg1', 11 1111 ·h
labo r is wa,tctl in rmlL•arorin g tD ·oi:rcd th e p ·rr rn;io11 s
whi 1·h he 1·m1Lju ually ' ma ke;;. 'l'he Heproduct.ions, wlii c h
nni tP be wri tLc n from in r 111 ory, t:orm a natural way of leadi11 g in to original compo.,;itil>l1, and oJ' aeqniring som e comlll;L1 11! ul' lan guage.
Th e i1npil, it wil l he fnnnd, hrro mes
i11IC' l'""trd in wh;i · It· i::; Lo ;.L'J> rod11 <.:l', iil·1·an sc Lhu im ;1g i11 at i" 11is 1·allvd into play . B~y l lH·s1• Hl ]' l'Oil Lt d io11s th e p11pil
is gi1·l·t 1 11111('li pr:w tic:c i11 wl 1aL 11 1;1y IH' turn 11·d t he u 11ily
" r Sj11'l li11,!.;. 1·:ipi1:il izati1111, 111 11 wt 11 ;di <> 11. and di d io1 1. N!I L
01ily i..; h1 : 1·1111,;f r111·1 ing ,;l'Jllt• 111·1·s relait-d lo o ne· a11 0L her in
lh1J.11glil . iJll L lie is . at tlil' ' :11 n1• ti 111 l', 11'<> rkin ,g in k<'<' pin g
II' i I Ii Lill! id io111 or I he langu aw· ~ the ll'ay L1 1a t. al I C( >lll lll;tll d
ol: la 11 g11:1_!..:;l' is ga ined . Th e Hr prod11dio11 s a11<l all oth er
cx n1·i s1·s :; ltl)nl d be wri tten 011 papi:r, and al ll'ays with Pl'll
a1 ti ink . Mistakes made with ink arc 111L1 eh more dilli <; Ll L
o l' erns ure than t ho ~e mad e wit l1 p<n1t;iJ ; a11d for Uiat reaso 11 llw pt1pil is led to lw 111un• l·ard11I.
'J' lt c t t"< ll'h n ,.;J10ul d collt-1· (, 1li l: ·wr iLtc 11 work and 111a k1·
i11di l'iil u: d a 11d gc ll l'l':tl n i1 i ('.i~ 111 11po11 it. J11 corn.:d ,.,,_
press io11s 111:1.v li1: wr it.1 1·1 1 11 p1>11 t li e Li laek bo:tnl a11d t hu
('las:; le1l In ll'll what <'or r<·1 ·t.i u11 s are necessary. Occasiu11 a lly iL wil l he 1'11 111 1d 1 l f ~;tlllc to let pupil:; cxch:lll ge p:qwrs
fl) r i:ril i17ls 111. l> n 11uL 11111ll'l'L:t 'c l;;1Ftn :.i111 c to look 11 v1:r all
p >:LJ H' l'S i:llld ecl i1L If ll 1e .. l:l>'s is a larg1' 011 c, dil'i'.l c it i11 to
Lwo or Liil'l'' ' ::l•1 ·t l<>llo<, a11d lo11k ol'!·r l it e p:1p1·rs o f: one >'l '•.:t i1111 a t a writ.ing. ;\I. t: \' 1• n · >'e<·o111I 11r Lhin l writing, cal' li
>lll'il',; \\ Ol'k 11·ill tl 11·11 J><I SS lllld L' l' l'l' iL icis111. \\' it. h judi-

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eion s snp-gcst ifJ m; 011 tl 1e p art of the fr: tcl1 cr, :rnd <'ll 1 !t in11l'<l
p raetice i11 writ i1 1g u n t he p ar t o f the 1.:bss, pt1j>1ls 1rdl. lll
a g rl':t t 1kg rer . work out u( t heir errors and 111a<·1·111'< 11 ·1
J L will du u \JLless lrnppc11 , in t he lin;L 11Tifi11g .. r li <'J•I" "
du !'Lions, that so 11 1e Jlll]'i b will usu ll1 u co11 j 11111·1 i1>11 If/Ill tu"
rnu ch an!l rn11 wli:t t slt1J1i!,[ l.Jn ,;uve ral se 11 L1·11 "1"' i1 1l11 •lilt'.
On e w:.v of ovc rco111i11g Lhi s is to requ ire I. he 1•11p il ! 11 n· wri te Iii,.; paper, 11iak i11g tl1 e sc11 te 11 eL's Hho rl L' I'. lh n·ad ing over t he pa pe r wiLl1 hi111 , k:; td liin 1 l u se1: t l1 ;1L 11 li<·1 1 :t
t.Iw11gli t is ux presserl Llic ~c 11lL•111· e ;,;l 1u11 ltl 1·1111 a 11 <l a_ 11 1·11·
se11 t.e11 <.:u bcgi11 . 'J'w o J{ eprod11 d iom; u11 g li l t " Ill' ll' l'lill' ll
<'•L" li we!'k, 111 itil t li " " [111·L' 1tl iu11 s ":t rl' rca1·lil'd.
:d so 111l' -LH ·ilit _\· 111' 1·x1 1 n·.-;,io11 h_1·
1\ [Le r Llw p11pil lws ga i11 1
lllt':in s nf Ili c il l· p ro d11 d i o n~ , l 111 ·1·11fi1111s 111' i11(1·1'1'111 1t1·d
sto ri es a rc g i\' ell. a nd li e 1' 1il1· rs llJ>tl ll 11rigi11al """IJ''"il i1 111.
\\' h en t he •· l'i eL urc" is readi ed , all hi s 1·0 1nJl""il i" 11 i ·
ori g i11al. 'l'Ji,, ~t or y u( scrn rnl of tlH•!'<· pid11n ·s 11 1:1 ." h1 ·
Lol<l e n t irely l1y dialng11 <'. 'l'l1 osc pnpib ll'h o :ire mo~t 111·(1li eiu11 t ;,;lw11ld he dirl'd1:d Lu do tl1i~. ~111' 1 1 pra"I il't· i~
e::;pe<.:ially \'al11:dJl e for Lh c \·e rsat ility it gi1«·s. It 1r ill Ii"
observ c<l t. h:tL up t.o Lhi s poin t t he ll'r it.t1 ·11 p: 1p!'rs li :ll'I'
·e n bl"'t'lV
,., . 11 :1rr:1.t il' e i11 <.:l 1:1.ra1·l l' r. \\' it li tl11 · .-11!1j1·1 · 1~
.-riven for S/,11 1·
llJ' l! l's a L e pa rt.11re is 11 1:1< k. :1 111
~nlli t v a tl'ord erl f'or rn nrc vari o11 s ki111l s of 1·1 11n po:-: iti 1111.
Cli ~e gr eat atLr nt.i on Lo / ,1;/fa -·1t ri li 11!/· J\11 JiarL of
c01 npos it ion work is m ore n cgleet crl-11 0 par L is 11 1., rl' 1n1 p ortar¥ .
Di ion, wl1 i1·h is t he m ost< 1 11.: 11 . ,
Jlll l'il,
...__,_,"1".s Leen p1ac!'ll we ll al on g in tli e uoo k, j 11 st. J,d .. rl' E ,;ca 1·wriLi1w. l\fndi ca11 be <l one by lite tea1·li1•r i11 <·nt w1,;1n~
wri ttc~ work previ i.>11 ~ t.o J>i cL iun, Lo prq1are lli l' ]' tq1 il !'or
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INTJW!J {f0TI UN.

this s1 1l1jcl't. Care, howc rcr, 11 111 s t bu e xercised not to
mak(' t!Jn ti11t' d ist i11dior1s in th is pn:li 111i 11 a r y 11·urk .
H .1·sf1.'J-l''r i ti11.r1 wrnally prol'c·s tl1 c most f1~11 i tlus,; part of
,., m1 o,: it-in 1 work. Jt fl Cl'<l no t hr so b:1.1T1·1 1 of 1\·s11lts.
'!'li e a11t hur has fou nd !he fill in!.; 11p of' i11 c•11 n plc-t e c.·ssays
:111 c:1 sy a11d Jl alur:tl mctliocl or lead ing i11t.u thi s ki11d or
c.t•rnpo."i~i~ 11.
1\:fter (,.}ij;· lhP pupil i.-; prl'p:tn'd t" hc.' g in
:<say-wnL 111g from 011 tl i111 . ·. .l l ulp liim 111ak c one o r t. wo
011tli 1ws; thrn lean: l1i1n lo l1i111 sL·ll'. 'l 'he . g reat P" int
:th1·ays lo rcnH•mhe r is, t ha t ·· C ri t i 1 ·i ~ 11 1 is 11 ot cons! rn e t. i• Jll
it is olisn Ya!io11, " an d m11sL Cl'C'r Lu 111 ath• seco 11dary t~
cxpn·;:s inll. A co mmand o f c xprc•,;s iu 11 i ~ tl1 e sh11rtc·~t ;.oad
to <1 :1 appn·l'ia t ion of stylu and of li tc.•ra t. nr u.
' l'Ji,. l'fr:qifL'I' 0 11 Co 11111 u1 n Error ..; s hould he t a kt· 11 11p
wl11·11e1·"r 11 1<' t1•:ic li1•r d t•t·111 ..; ll!'s t.
i\ rt1 ·1· 11 11 · ·· ~I r:w h . I he :t11l.hor and wnrk 111 11«• ht ·1:1 1 girt·11
wli 1·rc·rt· r p11ss il il e. !11 so 111 e cast's t.l1 u so11 n ·c• o[ the 1• xl r:w t
is wi 11 ii 1l'ld. as it wot1 ld l'll:L '>k 1lil~ Jill pi I to gai 11 Ll1e cll'si n•d
l'<' :' lllt 1ri llio11i. tlio 11glit.
'!'Iii ~ i11fo n nat i•ill will l1n s11 p1 il i1·ll
to l1':tl'ill'J' ..; sl11t11! 1l ll in_y de.- ire it.
111 1\ 11111' 111li :x :\ tlin rn les of p1 111d 11:ilio11 a n · <11T:111g1·1l i11
l ••p i":d ord •· 1· for <'< llll' t!lli• ·n L n·f'1· 1"1· 11 1·c·. i\pj)(' 11 dix I ~ 1·0 11t:i i1 1,: a s_1·sil·111 qf' :ilil 1re1·i:1tin11s :111d 111:irk .-; tq 11·,:,:,.1 1 la l11> r
i1 1 '"• IT1.·1·1 i11 g wrillt•ll 11·ork. J\ddi Lil)nal 11111l(•ri :d f,;i· ""'il·
j•·>:' il io 11 i,: 1' 11 rn i.-'11 1•<l in .1 \ ppcn.Jix C. Tl 11· l1i 11g r:qol ii l':1l
t: kl'lcl1,·,; i11 :\ l•l'l' IHl ix J) may prov e 11 sdt1l t.o Horn e tcal'hl'r~.

ENGLISH COl\IPOSITION BY PRACTICE.
CHA PTER I.

l'

PUNCTUATION.
THE princi pal object of pnnctu:i,lion is to e x.Libit to
tho eye tho conshuetion of a se nte nce, so that at fi rs t
sight t.lrn r e: L1ler rn:Ly g e t t110 m1•a11 i n1I, of wliat is
writtou . A fault i11 to which mo::; t ]Htpils fall wl1P11
th ey b eg111 to stn1ly p u uc tnati on i:o tli:Lt of pntting in
too ma n y marks. Let this on e direc tion gnide y on :
Ne Yer iuser t a comma or oth er ma rk of puuctuatioll
i u a11y place u u l e ss you know exactly why it is 11 1H~11r. d.
It is ]J!~ Ltor to owit tlie ma rk Edtogc lJ1,.r, ll1a11 lo pnt
it iu if you <lo n o t clearly know the rr•asou. Ac c n,.;t olll yo urself t o in ser t t h e marks of pnn ctnatio11 a:-;
y on con:-;truct a sentence, n ever waiting till yon k t 1·e
comple tecl it.

wonns on

PllHASES F OH:'>ffXG A SERIES
INVEirl'.ED EXPHESSIO::--IS

In tlie follo wing extract ou:-;ervo closely how tlie
con!ll tas are nsocl:

2

!''1\ "0U8!! CO.lf/'08 /T{()N IJ i · N:A {: 'f '! C fi:

·· 'l'IH· n · an' 11 1a11 r grcvn. "'''l• d 11u1ih: ", 11 1a 11y }l l'l't!y \'ilL1g1·>' . 111 ;111r 1·!1':1nly Ji t l k 1_;o!lage", lll<lll _I' "111 ili11 g, l1 roatlLrow ed, ('i ear-ey1•d wo 111 (•11 t>11 ll 1c t;hon.: ~ oJ Lak e Co n ~ l a u t:c ;
L11t 11 t1 r wo1 11 a11. n11r c"ttaf(l', 011r 1·rl'a111, 011r 111ounlaius,
onr lre11s11 r c, yo11 "·ill n c' VC'I', ll CYer find. ''

A co 111 11rn is pl:tt.:otl afte r" g r ee n," li eca m;e tlie eou j nnd,ion u111{ is o rn ittc d. F or the s:irn o r e aso n a
cn 11111 1:t i,; i.Ja1·1;1l after the wunh " ::;mili11g" a11J.
'' h r1>atl - IJro\\·e\1."
'l'lt e plua::;es,
"nrn uy g re en, swee t nooks,"
"w a uy p ret ty vill a ges ,"
"mauy clc1rnly littl e coltagos, "
"mauy s111il i ug, b r oad -h ro11·r·1l , l'kn.r-eyetl \\'Omen,"
are sopa rate11 liy co1 11rna;; l ie l':L ll >'e t l1ny are e xpressions iu tl1t' sa,u1 e t.:oustructiou aud t li o co njundi o u is
omitted .
T.lrn e :qff<:!"s ion "nnr 11· c>rn:Lu, nnr t'llttag<', on r c r eam ,
onr i11uu1 1laius" 111Ltl1nd ly 1Jo lougs aft1' r t l1 e ve rh
" lin ll." \\'l1 y '! Pht.:e it tl H· rP, a11 1l n·atl tl 1P SPl.ltun<·P.
'J'IH! ll'J'il.1·1', 111)\\' (' \ ' t • r, to 111 1d;1· ll11 ! (':\[ll'CSl' ioll ]>l'OJ11 lll OJJt, pu b i t at tl 1 1~ 1H'.gi 1lll i11g 11f ll ie cla n,.;t\, '\\'1 1e 11
m1 e xpressio n which rnL turally 1.:0 1n es i n tl1 0 rn i11d ]e o r
:Lt Ll 1e e ml o f a c buse is pnt at t li e hPginuing, it is sai1l
to he inYerLe<1, n1Hl if 11<;licPalily out of its place, is
st·p:•rated frn1 11 Llie rest of Llie s o u tence tiy a comma.
A \'uni m:i is plac c11 afte r tlie wo rll "no \' or ," Lecau s e
it is rcpoaL011 fo r e111phasis.
'J'<, ll wir y tllf ' ru arc <'Ollllll :Ls a ftc: r tl1e wnrcli:1
" \\"u11 1a. 11 ," ·· l·nLL1gc ,' ' '· crPa111,' ' a1Hl " t11ot1 11tai 11s.,,

PUNCTUATION.

1. Words or P hrases in Series. - lr11rrls or }'l11·11scs i11 I!11·
,,11:11ie co11sl r 11clio11, ji1r111i11,r; a sales, 11rc s1•; 111n 1/l't! ''.'/ 11
crnmnri '!l'li cn !h e ro11j1111clio11. is 0111illed. ~l 1!11' n111j 11 111 ·l ion ·is e.t;1rcssc1l &r·l1t: ef' n llw last l ieu m1·111hen; 1!/ ll scriPs ,
lite comma is pl11cetl l!tcl'I' also .
2. Inverted Expressions.- Wh r' ll nn l'.l'fll'IJss io 11 '11·/n'r!t
1/rtll//'ltLlff f!l'fol/.fJS in S/11/l{J Of ftr' /' jl ll l't !:(It Sl'l/frllr'(' is Jlllf ((t
/!1.e begiw1/11_r1, so as lo be 11 oticca&l.1f 011 t 1/ p /1 1cr, it is f11 !l111l' etl. b.11 a comma . .
3. Words Repeated for Emphasis. - 11711•11, rt 11· onl i s rc 11rated for emphas is, the two wo rds arc separated by a
co111111a.
WO!WS

on

PHR ASES IN APPO SITION.

Punctuate th e fo llowiug and g1rn r easous for the
commas u s ed:

"\Ve l:rn Jcd t11 i,; morning at two 0'1·lo c k. Ei ,t:; ht days
and six hourn Look us fro111 Hhorn to Hlior<'. 1':i ;.; i1 l day:; wo
wore o ut of sight of land. Waler wa ter ('1<-· ry1l'lt erc !
Ocean to the r ig ht of us ocean to th e left of u:; oeC'an in
fr on t o f us aud ocean l>e h intl us, ll'i l h L11· 0 lll' l hrf' r rn iie;;
of ocean uncl er us. But our good ship, the City of Berlin,
bore u s over the sea like a conqu eror."

"\Vhat is the mark b obn~e n "o " :wd " cl ock ," 111J d
why is it usefl ? ·wh a t is th e ma rk after "eve ry wh e r o," and why is it used?
Notice th a t the fl xp ress iou "the City o f Bf'rlin "
tlie s;L11ie as" :-:l1ip," <Wll is s e para.t"d fr 1nn tho
r est of t l1e se ntcucc l >_v c um111as. A wonl o r phrase
use t1 iu tl1is wa.y is saitl lo be iu 11ppusitio11.
rn n:w s

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4

l' U1\' (; 1'U: l 'l'IUN.

J::N(;USU CO.lf/'()Sf'l'/ON /J Y /'/U1( ."/'/l'h:.

4. Words in Apposition. -- Wunls or phrases 1'n apposi-

tion arc set o[/· hy commas.

r~ ·h on! o[ arhrr;; ily.
· t-. ncs :-i.rc 1·11)111·1·~.·l1"tl
kin1lrr<1 Y1r
-. i'11 'h
c
not in t.Jw ri ch 8 oil :1.11d prrf1111Hcd :it.111•1splwro pf inlinit o•d
wealt.li .''

EXEJ1CISE .

Supply tl1e commas omitted rn tl1e following, giYi 11 g
r eason s :

l

I
I

II
I

I

I
t

I

"J\ go ndola i:< a long narrow lialit boat with a hi <rh bow
:rn 11 sl.(·rn. lt is aho1~t l liirt·y fr;t long a11(l fn11r ~· i1ll' in
the midcllr, and tapers to <t YCrv "h:1rp point al the how
and al, ll1r strrn. ,\houL n1idll'a1· "f tl1C' boat is th e r :1 bi n
for pa ssl'11gt'r' , ~ealcll c·u:-d1 io11 ed :;11<l cu rlai11f'(J. '!'h r l1na L
«:lllnpy seat s e11rla in s and all :tre of a d ra d bla(·k cr.lnr.
.Ex ('qlt i11 :t .fell' i n~l all<'c s of lioals ll'i l h colored <:urtains
:1 ml trim1nings in th e ":tl1in t lH• gu11dola n •111ain s tli1· s:1rnc
in l'o l' Jll in l'fllor a11d in :tj•]'oi 1il n1L·n ts as fo r t·t 11 t n ri1 ·s past.
Oonrlolas arc 11011' n11H·h k 's 11111111· ro11s than wh e n \ '<·11i f·e
11·:1 s in li er pri1n e. J\ n old historian l' lii li}'JIC d e t'omi11<·s
say,; that. i11 his ti me. th rc" l11111dn·d an<l fifty ,)'l'ars :igo.
t iil'n' \\' ere l hirly tlr ousanll. ~tanding erPct i11 tlie sf<·rn of
ll1 e goJlllub the go11dolicr rnannges lii8 boat with grrat
:ulro i t 11c s~ , 11 Hing a single oa r as a p:uhll e.'"

\

\
I

I
\

\\'OJW !::\ OH PITl1.\SES IN PAms. Tiii·: DASH IN PLACE
OF "N:Dll·: LY," "AS ," ANI> Lll\E WOJU>S.
CON TIL\ s TED E Xl'IO~SS I <>NS.

OlJsc n c the pun c tn;Llion of il10 f<Jllowiug :
." Crc;Lt fo rtn ncs di sappl':tr alrn11sl as soon as thr.v appPar.
\\<'al l h f·an he kept 011ly liy l Ji,, q11:d i l. i,,~ t.lia.t. gu t. il.wat 1·h 1'11l11t'Ss and pr11 d1 ·11 1·r. ind11Htry a1 1d stdf-dt·ni:d,
J\11t ~e ll' - L1" 11 i;d :111d tli c1<e
1'""1 1<,111 .1· a11d c:in rlid d1·:ili11g.

~oto that in t]1 e second ::;entcnce
"it" in place of namely.

:L

dash ii:; put after

The wonls
"w atcl1fu1ness n.ncl prn tl ence ,"
"iuclustr_y and self-(leninl,"
n.re wonb iu pairs, :wd tak e a comma after ea.ch p:ti r.
The phrase "not in t li e ri ch so!l a]J(l p e rf11111t·Ll
atmu,.;pliPre 0 ( i11h f' rilr:cl we1.dt1 1" l:-l .mt e xpr,~ ,.;s101t
cou trn.s tc •l with the 1wecec1 iug p:tr t of tl1 o ,,;«11 te n cf' ,
:tutl i,,;, therefore , se t off l>y a co 11Hn:t .
5. General Term preceding P ar ticul ars. -- Jrh r 11 ri rrn Pral
t"r'tn 7ir1•arlr.s sc1ii:ral 7"1rli1:11!ors, a11il na.md~ or a,< '"
111
u1nilfrtl 11/'lrr th e gr11ernl ler111, ·i t ii; f/ l' Jll'l"llll.'f J ollo u·r•rl ./
ft dosli . . S11111r/im es rt s1•111ir·olun ·1s •11scrl i11s /l'ltrl.'
6. Words in Pairs. - W/t1•n a scrii;s of ·11·urds ·1s r11·n 111 !/•'1I
-in 111irs rt cm1ww ·is 7J!aced '((lt:r cm:h / 1fli 1-.
.
1
7. Contrasted Expressions. - Cunl nistc1l c.rpr""" 1'"'" o rc
Sl'Jill ra.le£l

v!J ct CU'//t'llW.
EXElll'lSE.

Pnn ctuate the fo1\o wi11 g

1wt1

toll

\I'll.)'

0aeli nrnrk is

inso rtcll :
" ] n Lh e eye,; of the 11 indoos all li fe is saned the lifl'. '.'r
beast a.ml bi rd o[ re pt il e and in ~ed a.~ 11·e ll a,; of rnan . I"
citr ry (ilft t hi s ill e:t Lh <'.Y ]1:tve estalJli ,.;li l·d al Bur n bay :1
h os pil:d for :rni111:1k lt is on n vny <'xk11~1\'e 1< ·:1lt- , :ind
lie s1·1· 11
l 11 11t It <.·IJ e\'l'• •"Ill
pn:::im1l,.; it ;;peel.a<: Ie sue It as I to
'
·
1

:lll.)'\\'ii <' l'l' "1 st• ill t ht> ll' or ld.

I ll'l'l' is :111 l'l l"l rnrn rl · 1·01·1·ri11 g 11 1: 111 y :tl'l't 'S, alld ill it. as 111:1,.Y h<'sl pro1l1oln 1lt,.ir n ·1·0 1·ery. a n · gal l1t•n"I lhl· l:i111u I In: !ta IL a11<i t lw l>ii11d llol. "r
tlw l111 11 1: 1ll S.Jlt" :i.. s . h11t. <1[ tit ,, a11i111al world 1·:till\'. and
lwrst•s sh1•1•1 1 a11d guat~ d ogs ;uHl cab rah!.i t,; a.11d l!Wllk1•ys
aud ueai::t~ a 111 l bird~ ol' crt·ry tle:;t.:ripLiou.''

Noticn ;1,]:-;o t.11at a t·n111111a is 1ilal'.Pd l>1•L11·P1 •11 " ( )('(,'
ber" a llll " l K10, " as Ll 1"w i:-; a11 'llq1 s is. '!' .. II 1\li;ii
is 0111iU1;t1.
\\' l1aL 1· llij •:-<i :-< du"" t.l1< ; 1-.11 111 1;;1. :i l'l· · r
"~pri

E!.Lll'SEH.

11;..;f-i <•l.1 " :-<!111\\· .,

ab ln·1~ Yi a t.P 1 l 11·nn 1.
1rhn1. i/11'_1/

( '.1 n11paro Ll1<' ]>lllld1rntio n <>f U1" lir:-;l par:Lgrapl1

,,·ith Ui:tt
~ttc·!1

{)r the

( ' (/'/llf

(f1'e :..:1 1 /

ufT

Iii··

!,1•/11'1'/'I/

Ii.'/

liill'n11 r 1/i"/1•

r1prrssio11s .

r/u<1 ·!_11 1·1·!11/ ,., / /111{'/, u("

" ' /l-

1·1,,11n1f1 ....·.

9. Ellipses. - .111 rlli;1sis i' /rn;1f1·11ll.1; i1 uli1 ·11!11/ ''.'! rr
1'(1111/ilff .

was t lH~ <'Pl1dit

ic -1Jl

,,f

:1fT:tir~

\\· i!!tdl';t\\"!I.

·1:l 'j H•J' l"' :-:1 \ !• \\'~_ ·d l) 1;if
lll'Oll

w11, •n :1ll

~ll't i Jj~('j' i1ifl!it'll1T,..;

i il l ' t·o1u 11 ii:-: . . i1JJ;cr:--:.

;1i1d

10. Abbreviati ons. - .. ! 71 cri 11/ is ;1/111',.,/ 11(/" r 11 11 of,_
1

~dTl'r.'-' \H:n_·

a 111u111

li

li;td

1!1·1·1 ·111(1· 1/

/ l'u/'I/ .

Li !1·r,

(:l> ,\ ll'<ll \Ji :--1:\Tl·:\i'l:S

~ pri 11 gli1·ltl, ~ l as~ ..

la nd 11·:1.' p1m·lias<•d .
"~11t'h 11:1 s tl1e L·o11d iti o n nf :ill':i irs wh e n, <111 th e t.1rc•nl.y1ir11i "r <kioll('r, 1.-.;.;:-; , ;iii 1111' .. rs 1, .. 1-.· 1111 i1.l:·:i 11 :1. l\1·i111r1,-,
(rulll

l1•11 r·c .•

~<'.conl 1:

1>t·t'll t'\1·ri e d
IJ(•ar

, . ,,.

Tl10 p1~ riu1l i,.; 1•h(' e 1l :ift <'1' "}f:i:-;:-;," l ... 1 · :111-;1 ~ il j,., :1r!

8. Intermediate Expressi ons .. l !\ T EIO!El l L \. TJ·; E\.l'H I·>SlONK.

7

l' U,H 'TU.1 '/'ION.

F ,\ ·111, 1:.:1r ! '0 .lf!'IJS!'/'10.\' /JI' l'U : ll "f'll'f':.

wi1atc\.l'l' rp1:1rlt

1

l'

t i ll '_\' t·;u111 ·. ,-di 1i\\ ' l·d

1 l1 ;1 ! ,-...lr ,11 1.:2.i r

ini1::1..'lll. :t'~ ha1..l b( ' l 'l t L'Xc·r!c 1l t11H111 tl11_~ (_' 1i!t1:i1i:-- .-- iuJH·r ~ , aJt1l
a 1110111ii la 11·r, 11L'al' ;-;pringfi1·id, \L1""·· la11d w:is p111Ti1aH·d."

! 11 the fnllnwin.!..'. sr~ l 1· di 1111 11oti1·P tl 1P 11111wlt1 :di"11 •ii'
t\11• t ' !llil ] Hll!J!d ,. ..;t'lif! • !) t'i• <.. ; .
\\.1'. , i,c; lift'<J 1111· Jj _:_:·ii1 -i1"1::-<' " i i ~\':J] i >l:i il d 1: 1 :1 :· I i • i:I'
;1nil a haiL :111 d titt•1 1 i:11d 11111· 1·11111-."1' 1111 11,,. ··11:1 - : . \\"
\\'t't · c ~ !"tirlllll;lf\· i 11 J1; 1 \ · i11.~ !Hi f ,_'.,! .
\\ · , . k i ·J d I l l ."'l_:,.: ] 1: i. j'
Ja11d L\1e rest 11f t ht ·. d :1y :111d ;:il 11t· .\t 111 .~ !1 1.
i ! \\ :1 .-, 1·\1· '
i nµ: to 11-;tl<-h n11(· li.t::lll " ~it grad11;ill _1· f:1d1·d 111 1It .. .'i ; ,· ,.r "
La}Jl'I' a11d Ll1l' ll ll'l'l1 L •Jilt. :ill11 .~l'li1l' r, a11d lill 'll l11 11;1 i• l1 l;w
1l :1r k11n.,,-; ahead 1111 til tit(' di111 l <i]'f' I' lll'l'll'<· or tif11·•·n 111!1'"'

·.

••.;

1

N'ntil'n in tlw 1irst s cute1 1ce of tl10 :-<P<·1i11<l parngrnp h
tl1at tl1l l pl1r:1sc "011 tli c t ..rnnb·-tiftlt <>t O dolwr, lHIS,"
is pl:t(' nt1 l 11i b1· el'll tho t.:tl 11jn nd.i 1·e a tlvr'.r l; " ll'l1l~ ll " a11d
tl 1n snlijod with its :u1j udi1· c " :t.l l offers," :111,l tktt in
ti1u Sl' t:u111i sv11k11cu t.J1u t;Jitll:-<t• "fru111 11 l1a ll'I U1' quar1.t:I' t.111: )' 1«llllt :
J ."i i11l.J'\!.i ll\'1'\i
J .... i,11 1:t 11 t.J11> :-.11 J.jiT!.

f a rt il1·r .!.!Tl'\\' iar.i.!t'I' ;1 111i Lti· .~· t·I' :1 :--:. \\' t'

;--.;,i t!it· l:~iit.~ n1;1rkt•d
.111- 1

"llr>p()rt;.; " a11d tiiu Y1 •rb ":·dt c"H«L "
::::i11cl1 U\ !ll'< '.:-< :-< 10 11 :-<, ,·0111i11g lwl,11·i:<'1 1 t l1u dnsulv n· in.(.i " l pa r t:-; " f :1 :-<1·11h·11" ' " :11 ·,. <' :1il,. ,J l 11t1 •r111< .. ii:1t<' J·:x
j •l'Cssiw1s, a nd 11 cc 1i Lu iJu

""t

utr i1y co111 !1 1a s .

.. l

11· It, ·1·1' 11'< '
\ \';LS tl jJ

Pl!r

<i\ · 1·i·

1-;1 1tJ1 ' i111

:1 !1r t·:1 :--; 11:

1i .

;,, ji]

11 --

ilH· \\';ti"r

:111il

I\ t ' I'<' .

;d

l\Y1 · [\· 1·

(J

n·:1 k" .. r 11 .c:·lit l1r1•k•· 111
\\'(' ('111ild .-. 1·1· 1jI(i1 \' \\ 1· 1i.
fot.'1111!:> \\ il i1 II i1il'it I lie
~t

11:1 1!1

!

]<d'k .

t I 1t'

:1 11d
!';i 1·

t

:tl
':J .....

Cl!l l ' 11'1·ii11·k

t.

l i •\

;1 I I•

\ ( ) 1:1111!-:111:1 11 ( '; l )I

:<t i !11r .:.:T( '(·! .-.:

;t

J

!

l

tl 111: ~:T ; ! \

\\I I

:ljtj)J ' i •i

( J .I

i:1 :,

.'. Ji 1- /11 q;--1 ·.

·11

II

k

I l1··
J

j 1·
; ·~

·"

P:.\'11/,/S/{ ('l).l{/'!)S/'f'/I J,Y I/]' !'f<.11"/ /r '/!,'_

i' UNC"IUA T!ON .

11·:1kl1t·s it. 1" k al'll 11·lid li l'r it is d1q1lil" ur .-< i11glu lla >" l1, P l'
ll'l 11·tl wr it li11rn s 11·it li a ~IP :id y 11·iiil1• l.L1z1·, a11d lia1·i1 1g
d1•l<'r1 11i11 ('d t li :;t, 11 1•. rnll~ iL hy 11:1111u a 11d k1111 11·,; ll'ii t'ro li u
i~ ... *

embark with oue Capt.a in SLratlling :111il ;;do11 t upon :t halfpiratic;al half-e xploring \'O}' a .~e to the S111i1 It l':w iti1· '""':1r1.
H e fell i11 Lo a quarrel wi tli tlte ('ap lain :L111l ~ t radli11g H'L
him ashoru ~eptember 1 ~ 0-l on tl1u 11ni11 li ali il"d i,:L1r1d uf
.Jnan Fcru a11J ez . Il e \1·u,; gin·n a fl'll' b1lok s !ti,; 11:111li t·:d
i11 st.rnm e11t;; a knife a kcLlle all axe a gnn and a rp1:m tity
of arn1n1111 il io11.
.. Tlic i:; lan<l of .J11:1n Vc rn a. 11tl \'z is s it11:1t('il a 1J11:1 ~ :::-;o
rni les west of (Jli ili and is t 11·(•h e mill's lnn g and .-<ix 111i i1·s
wi1lc. ILs !till;; :rn d valh'y s an: fl'rlile a11il l l' s .• ('l,; 11: L1 ig:d i11g
Lh c Pa<;ific Occ:L11 ltar e lo11 g resu rl.:cl tv il f ur ll'at1·r frnits
anu g:t mc.
' · ::ielkirk sa1r the Ycsscl depar t from th is i,.:1:11111 wi th sadn ess all(] sidrness a t heart. F or a lim e (·rnolio:1s ,,f krro r
nrnl loneliness 01·e rwl lt'l rn erl him hnL ll]('sc gr: 1d ually wore
away awl he resol ved Lo 1n :1kn the best ,-,f' hi~ s it11 :it in11. l fe
set to wo rk irnd ln1ill hi111 ~ l'H twn h11h;. 0 11\' (1f t lw-;e 11 1· t: >'l'd
fo r a ki tche n Lhe ot he r for a d i11i11 g-ruo1 11 :lll d l1nl l'l1:tr11 l..:r.
Jle suppl ied l1irn self wi lh rn ea t by ,;] 1111>! i11g tl11 · .~<>als 1q•on
the itil:md b11L bdorc 111 a11y mo11Lh ::s hi s an1n11 111i tio :1 ,:.;ave
ont. Then h e was co mpull eil l11 l'al1:li t li1·1 11 J.v rn11r1ir 1g.
"Selki rk oflen ::;aw \'t•sscl;; ]'ass l1y tl11• j,da r1il and li •:
ma•le fr ef]11en t hut vain alt.1 •. n1pt ~ t.o lia.il lliern. ;\t 11·11 '..(l h,
after l1avi 11 g lived on the i~LrnJ in p f: rfp 1·t s.. lit 11d l' f,.r i'om
years rmtl four mon t hs he was taken oil' in h ·l. rn ary l'~U!I
lJy an En!:!;lish vessel, cornrn:rnJ ed hy Captain Iingn ., .
•· Sel kirk felt great :joy al hi s dl'lil'l'J'a11 1·c Lut. lie lll:llli fosled mu c;h <li fli cult.y in rcrnl'ering hi;; !'perch :rnd in ret urnin g to such fuoil as he found on sl1iphoaril . ]le ]1(•1·anw
mate of Uapbi11 Hog1 :rs' ~ hip a 111l relu rn e!l lo }: 11 gla11d i11
1'1' 11. 1t ha s lwe n supp nst•d t hat li e ga rn hi s )':11w r ~ !11
Da.uiel lJefue Lhu novelis t and that out of lh e:;u ad l'e11 Lureb

This :-;1 •l1· di(l11 \'Ons i:-ds rn:tiiily of l'OJ111•u111111 s1•11t1•llcPs:I· sm·1·!·:d of wlii..lt :irn contral'tm1. S"1111 • "f Ll1n
iu11P1• Plltl 1•11t ('l:rn st' S 11·]1i 1· l1 l'Olllj>OSt: tll!'S\\ s 1•1i! 1• 11l't' S
:1r11 111•L 1·l1•s1 •l.1· n ·lal<-11. in 1li1•1 1µ; l1L :ui1l a rn tl 11 ·1'! ' f1>1 ·0
s1•p:1r al1 ·"I 11.1· 1'l>1 111 11:1s.
By c:1.rd1tl ly n•adi11µ; 1lw "" 1il1•111'l'S a11d t'llill j> a ri11µ;
tl10 cbns1.·,; , you 11"i l1 111' :1Ll1• L11 d 1·.. id " 1Yl11 •11 i11d1·l" ' 111 kJ1t 1· lan s es arn JICJt, l' l<!sl'ly r1·Lt!.1·d i11 t.l1011gl 1t. ,
t.lu111gl1 yo11 lll<L} 110 t 1111 a l1ln tn shit, • tl1 1• n •1 tso11 wliy.
11. Clauses of a Compound Sentence.r/1111s1' s rf 11 1·11111;10 11111/ s 1•11!1•11 1·1·

;11· 111 /1'1 ; /

11'/11· 11. I /rn i/11/i>IJ/'

l/ir: 1111r/s 1'.( 11,

1·1 11 11po1u1rl 11r ri/if'afr 111'1' nu/ cl•1s1•/y n-!11/1-1{ /11 tl1 Ufl;J lit , //11·11
11/'I' l/S / /(t 1/.1j sl'/11/J'{l(t'lf (,y Cll/ 1111/ll S .
EXEH Cl~E.

S npply th o connnas 111'1'1l1'<l in th o fn ll "11 i11 g, a111l
gini tlto r easo n for ead1 c"111111:L i11 s1 ·rti-tl :
·' ,\]1 •x:IT\1k r S1·l k irk wa~ li<>rn al Largo ~1·1>tla11d 111 l ! i ·~r;
and hn•1l to t li e ~<': l. 'l'h 1• >' pirit of adH·nt11n• l1·d hi111 to

*

Fn1111 ·· ~ 1nrlH•nrt! :i11d l 111r1. " 1,_,. ~i1·:1 1H1 ; J ·: 11 . llEl '\\ ' OHT ll.

( '11py -

ri .~ l1t, l~·r;-1 ; , llnqwr \\;. Brotlw r:-:.

1 :\
1· 111 11

r

:-.t·11 t t·1wt: <·1n11pi1:-:1·d • •

pc H I nd

tw11

11 r

111nrt·

i11dt •pi·1HIPn t. da11:-:1·:-; i:--: a

:' 1·nt1·11t· r~ .

l ·:xan q dt~ : S1 ·/f. ·irf. · 1'. /!1 " :-<01r 1·1'."·"''·"' 1ir1."·" !1.'I flu· 'i:~lt r11d , rnul ht uu,tdt'
fn ·1 111

1

J1 l l111f

r1 1i11

off, J11jJ f8 lt1 /111// flu

J ·: ~ n11 qdt· uf ll 1·n11 t rn1·tq J
/i 111(8f' 0/ 1

>4.;,rttl

11 1.

c· q11q1 011 11 .J .... ~·rtt1

} :!{1 t11tf, 1///// (/1111

{uj,/

• 1 w 1 ·:

If',· :"i;;ll/l'd tlu:. li!Jl1( -

11fl f' 1'lll/ /'·"1 ' t1j l f/11• ('U l/.'ff,

1()

11

F;NOUS!! COJfPOSl'fTON !IY l'JUCTICR.

I'UNCTUA. TION.

n efoo wro te Lh e ad mi ra lilc st0ry of Robinson Crn soe . Th e
trnth, lumenr, is Ll1 at. Jldoe mad e litll e n ~ c of 8elkirk's
n::rr: Ltil'e lwy1n111 Ll1e mt·rn itlra of ; ~ mall lil'in g al one for
scn· ral year8 11 pon an u11 inhabitct1 island."

tio n from tho winu wai ted 1111 t il dayli ght. All nC'xt d:ty
stories were co ntimrnll y reach in g ns of nar row cs1 ·:t p<·s <•f
frozen feet an\1 h a11(h; of lust h ornes and oxr 11 arn1 tra\' ellors' miseri es in ge neral. "

E:\ l'I.A

~ . \ T O RY

l' O ~ll' Ol. :'\D

E X l'HESSIO:\ :-;. :\ n:-;O L l lTE Pl 1IL\ SES.
:-;E}i'J' J·:xn::-; IL\VJNn TllELI{ ,\JJ-:~1-

BE J{:-i :::i UBl>lVll>Ell HY

CO ~IMA:-;.

J\'oli<·t' tl 10 pn11dn :it i0 11 111 tlt e first parag raph of
r.. 11u11 i1 1g ,.;('lt>d ion:

til( '

'· .\ l101 1t tlH' rni1ltlle of January, 1877, ll'e hml : ~t e rribl e
,;n uw st11n 11. t l1P 11·11 r:'t th at h ar1 hL•en kll o1r11 i11 :'lla ll ituba
fnr .1·1·:1 n'. .\ t li l'c o'i·l qc k in the CY en i11g th e ll'i lld r""e
s11 ddl' 11l.1". <111d ill h:df an li111 1r wa:; hl o\\·i11 .!J; a gale, ot·1Hii 11g
tl1t' s111J11· 11·h irli11 g t h roug h the air ill s11ch ldimlin!.!; 1til11n1e
1.l1:1t it \\'as i111 p\)ssilil c (11 di,;ti11 .g11i sli an ything t ll' c11ty yard;;
oil'. l\iglt t cl11si11g in, Ll 1c sl o rm in cn.:ased i11 l'ioh•111 ·e;
and al1.h 0t1gh tl 1t'l'C 1ras t: liell little s11011· falli11 g, t.l1e ll'illd
dr111·n in al i dirccti rn1s the d rys 11 oll' ly in g 1q 1oll t he gro11ml.
'· ~!:111y JH'"pk lo ~ t tii 1· ir 1ra1· . ;\ ,.; hop-lii.y rnn11i11 g lw1n c
to t.(·:t r11tl1· r<>t 11 1d t.111 · 1·11 rl ll'I' 111' !.ht, lilot;k 111i ~~e d the t nrni11g· in t11 t. !111 .!!:il1·11: 1v :111d 11·a11dl'l'\'d till darlig ht <•ll th e
prairiu k11 11ll' in!! i i 11 · :1 ~ <Tl'l:1i1 1 d1·:1th lo lie dmrn. A
i'a111ily l 'l'11 ,: ~ i11 ,g t IH' J' l':iiril' :111<1 ."\'1·in!.( I Ii\• .-to r1n :q1p r1•:ll'hi11 .g lt :1,:ll'lll'd l•i r(':11·li :1 1r:1y.-:id(' i11 11 J'11 11 r 11r fi1,· l11111drcJ
v:t rd,: d i.-;l :u1 L hu t 11..f'ore t.ll('y •"1>ttld do ,:o till'} l<J ~t :; ight of
ii. ;rnd d r<11·c :d>ot1L for l101trs . . \ t. ](' 11 gtli , t he d .. <·p drifl s
lt:11·i11 g J'orc('<1 t Ill' ill tn ,:f 11p 1li r y d11g a h1> k in t li e 8J1 ow
ll'i t. h t h( ·ir ha11d s co1·(•n'd t h<·111 ,:1·l l'<!S ll'i t h rol1 c~ a11d ,.;l"ighru g:; and <h:1win g llie ~ l ci~· h mn th em as a littl e proll·e-

Tlie exp ressioll wl1id1 closes th e first s e nt r nefl , "the
wors t . that had beell know n in l\Iai1i tuli:t f<Jr ye ar <:, "
is e xplanato ry of "s11 011'st0nn," nn d i,.; ;;et o il' l1y a
comma. l ll tho 11 ex t seJ1te1 1co all tliat f1.Jlow s tl1n
word "gale" is n,u explan:ilory expres;;ion, n.nil j,.; al,.;1 1
sepantt,ed from the rest of tlt fl se nl' e11 et\ liy a <·111 11 111n..
Observe th:it foe pl1rase "Nig l1t l'lo;;in g i1 1" ;; P Pms
cu t off from th e rest of tlrn se ntPn er>. :-)11\'l1 1•l1ra;;e-4
are called 0,usolutc phrasfs, an<l are sP.t off Ly a <·0 m ma. 'l'hi::; ph ra;;e really li1 uits tl1 e n 1rlJ "inncas(· tl ."
If you change the phrnsc to t11c <.; l:tuse " \\'licrn 11ig lit
closed in," yo n will r e;ttlily see this.
'rhe la::;t s e ll len<.;e in tlie first paragraplt i:-; a cnrn po nud sentence, having a sem icolon hetwec11 its two
principal memhc rs to in di eatn th at the ;;ecm H1 111e rnber is less closely co nnected with th e first, t hau the
-parts of either rnuu1J er are with e a<.;L other.
12. Explanatory Expressions. - E .rp/ruwfory e.rprcssw11s
are generally separafrtL from tlw re.st 11f Ifi e s1,11l 1·111 ·1· ''.'!
commas.
13. Absolute Phrases. -- Ab.>"ulule p!t r11:ses <ire sd oJJ' b1;
commas.
14. Subdivided Members of a Compound Sentence. -- . I
scm i1;olon ·i s 71lace1l 1>l'L11!1'1'n the 1iri11 ci;I((/ uu•m&rrs o/ 11
compound sc11lenr:e 11·!11m th e lt!sser elcmntls arr' M'Jiarat,,,/

from each ol her by cum1111ts.

: '

12

RAO Lf,-Jf Co .)f/'(J.'{l'fj(jN

n l'

l'fl. IC'l'!CR.

\ \'liy js tl1 0 np os trnph n 11Li <·f> tl aft1' l' th e s iu
" traHill e rs' " ? \Y li a t is tl1t) 111ark 11sc <1 at the eud
of t11e t l1in1 li 11 n, p. 11? 111 wl11Lt 'rny o ul y slio nhl a
\l'Ol'tl J.ie 1l i1·i1Jc d '(

P nn ctnato tli e hst p:irngrnplt of th o Hclecti on, statwg y o ur l'<' rt80D!4.
N O U NS Ol<' Al>l>HESS . Q UOTA'l'lUN :::;_ P :\l<E N TJJETICAL
.EXPHE ::i::' I OX::J.

J>El'.EN DENT CLAU::iE::l.

Stn11y tlt r. ]'llll d n:i ti u1 1 o f th () fnll (mi11g:
" Ch ie f a rn o ng I lie ll1 0i;<] ll e,; of ('1,11 s ta11 I i1H 1j>ll' i.. ; the
p ee r lrss SL Sophia. \\' c di tl J\()t ll' P11 •ll'J' lli at .J11 ~ t i11i:m
CX(·lainw d whP11 it was fini slit·d. ':-:"111111 011 . .I ham ex el'llrd
th eL',' for it i:;, in dl'cd, a t 1·i11mpli of a rL 'J'l1c i.:reat 1ralb
11rc c ru11·nctl hy a p inna cle of dun1 l's. ll']1ust! i.: k:;1ni1 w ball s
ri se n1:tjcsti('ally :tl>111·c t h e su 1To111HI i ng . t·y pn·ss~tn·P~.
\\'itl1i n a re man y fin e marbks :1 11d \l' Olld t·rf1il 1 · arri1w~. RO
exq 11i :;it.ely wro11gl1t and of such d cli ea te tr:wc ry tli:~;, " 110
rni g li t spe nd ho11 1·s i11 :Hirniring tl1c J11. B 11 t it 11·:1 s t.h e
va stn es;; (,[~I. ;:\(1pl1i:1. 110 L ils l' l<'.~:t ll C' C . t ha t i111pn·ssetl us
m os l. Th e IH•st 1·il' 11· is fr o111 ! lit• _t;a li!•r r, wlll'1t!·e we 111(,k
dow11 upon Ili c 1r id1·-rr·ac liint; flu or. :ill'a;· to Ilic r; 11'(•('jl i1t g
g alll'r i(·S. a11tl lljl t.o ll H! Cl·h11 ing- \':111l ls, till \\'(' Sl'l'lll !'d 111,-;I
in ils i111111 e11 sity, i111 d t'u1li d 011 ly wn11Ll l' r at lhl' 111:11'\'t •l luii s
s ki ll tlia t ' \';1s able 11, l'llC'lnse C' II <' h a spaC' e 11ill1 i11 walls,
a11tl 1·,,of it wil h do111 Ps. J\r01111tl tlic hasn o f th e <· t• iil rn l
<lOllll'. i11 ,t;i lL n1us:.1i c kt. I.er,;. 11·:1 s il; i,; apprnprial c i11 sn ipl iu1t
fr om th e J\orn11 : 'Uo1l is t he li g ht. ol' hean•n and l':trl.h.'
"T l1is lica11tifn l templ e was or ig i11ally buil t fu 1· a Chri 8t ian c: h nrc h, l111t nntl er Turki ~h rnl c it became a J\lolian 1lli l' dan 11 w ~fjlte."

l' UJ\'(!'J 'UA 'lf ()N

N'c>11us 11f ;t<ld ress, s1 1<'l1 as tli., 1r11rd " ~ •.!011 11 11 1·· in
tlrn Jir st •.[ li11 Lal.i 111 1, :i.rn sq1:tr:d.1•1l fr., 111 tl 11 · n·st 111' tl 1(·
sen touc e l1y !'011111;as. Notu als11 tli(i !'. 11111111a L..f11 r1 · t h e
first qnotatiou , riml t.l1u culou l1c fo re tl1 e hsL \\ ']mt
distiuetio11 wo n l 11 yo11 111akli 11e t 11·t!!'U a qnoL1 t i<>11 tl1:1 t
r equired a c11 1.11rna aud on A tliat r c q11i rl'1l a c1 1]1111 '?
You liav o, of co urse, uotiec tl tl1at wo rds q notPd al'P put
wi tl iiu !j l10 tat io11 -1 11ark s.
'l 'h e wo l'll "inclcPtl ," the fo11rt.l1 afte r !lie qn <1 tn.!ill1 1,
is wl1at is tPnn e1l a pare ntllt' tical wor.I . I t j ,; 111>t
gra rnrnat i(·ally r elate d to tlH ~ se11t<·11 c<', lint. js tl 1r1>11·11
in to rcp n•s011 t, as it we r e , son1 n associal<'tl t111 111gl 1t
in tl 1e rni11(l o f tlie writ e r. 'J'l11 ~ p l1ras0 "i11 trn t l1"
migl it he usctl iu s te :L!l , a n<1 ll'Onkl als11 l1f• s..t ,,ff li_r
comm:t8, as it is a P'Lre 11 tl 1Pl il'a l !' XJll' t• s s i1111.
H er e is a list o f so 111 e w()nl s , 11l 1rns1·s, :u 1t1 f'l' e ll
clanses that are of k u us Pd parA1dJ11\til':tlly:
( 'on1 c: wlt:1 I rn:iy
On tit•· whol e
lJOll'C\'O r
111 fad
/\s ii w1·1·1•
Now
Of to1 1rse
I\.- t lt:t l :1 " it 111:1y
'J'itl'll
111 sh 11rt.
/\ ~ ii l1: q1 1>1 ·11s
Tl1erdore
1n !li t· lirst plat " Tl1 i11k :1.< 11'< · will
.Per haps
For in stance
l.PI it h!' I r111· (ll' not
Aceonl ingly
In tli c six t h s c ntnrn· c , \\'C Ji111l t.l1 n 111 ' pl'ntl ('11t
clause s,* "wl H•11 <·.o we look <1uwn 1q 1!1l1 tliu 11·i1fo -ruad1 in g flnor, e te.," a 11<1 "till we s1•1,mn1l l11sL i11 it s i111 111011sity , l' k." Tl 1e so aru 11ot (·.lusp]y r t•la t< ·d {11 th e wortls
they limit., :iml a n: , tl1 c rdun', s e t off li_r ('11111111;1s.
------ ·-··-- -- - ·--- - ·- · - -- -· - ·- -- - - -·~A

<fr p1'11dc11 t

ot l1 r.r

Sf"n t t•rlf'1'.

~t·ute111...:e ~

r/11 11 s (

is a ~w 11t1·11 (·1 ! u:-;t·d t·it l wr

H !'-1 :111 1·l e 11lC Ht

o f :1n ·

11H11l i!'y ~0111P 1·l1·1111·nt (11" a 11 11t l11·r ,i.;;·11 t1·Jl1T.
whi ch cu utain d e pe 11 dt· 11t 1·la1 1st· s a re Uu111;dc.r 1~'r 11(1 · uo ~ .
tir

{ 41

14

l r:.No J,JSJ! CO M f' O:il1'J OJ\' Jl Y l'H.1 C 'J'lCJ~',

J>UNC1'U.·1TION.

\\"h y is t.110 cn 1J1ll 11L J H~(' 1,ss nr_1 11ftr·r t.li c pl1rase "uot
iLs oJt ,ga n <·e" ?

}::\:1 ·:nt: 1~ 1 ·:.

15, Nouns of Address.- .'I 11111111 1~/ r1rl r/rrss is sd 11/J" /1_11

reasons.

16. Direct Quotati ons.- .·/ dirt'r/

1111o lflhu11 ·is

1/ it is

i lift'l/f/111·1•r/ in

a

Ji11'1t1(1{ 1111111111·1-,

ii

is

''.'/ rt co!o 11.

Although onr plan et was once proh:i1 1ly :i . 111oltl"n gio!l(',
ret:ii nin g c 1 c 11 now'11ast an1<>1111 L 11[ lw;d 111 11.-; 11 1ic·1· 1.,1-. 1'.~
surfo.t.:c L.;mpurnlure ic; no l lll aler1 a lly allc.. ·l 1·rl t il<'r•:''-'" 11
it were ]oft \\'i t hou L '1ny ot h er so ur ce o[ \i('aL tha n its 011'11,
. I c 1 1~1· I." 1·u l •l :is I "- lw tt! t t•rh·
its surf:~ce woulcl bec:ornc S•• 111

1·11 1'lu;;1•tl

rr

i11 1111 11lotin11-·111111·ks, 111117 '11111.'f lw f'i'l"l'l' t/i-1! !111

n111111111;

/11'1'1'1'1/('r/
·

17. Parenthetical Expressions.- H :1prr•ssin11s usetl J!rr r c11fhf'fi,.111!_11 s/11111/d br· .<rp11rr1 f erl frnl/I //11• NS { fl/ !h e s~n lencr.
fl//

. ]
JJl• t <1"Ul!
1'
UDllll:.L

('f) '{ //1//(/S .

1Jy t]i ..v

l"'tCt·s
•

·,

_,.

u I' i1lan Ls :u1d a 111111:tb 11uw

livill g upo n it.

18. Depen dent Clauses.- .·I rfr1 w11rll'lit ,.fr111 s1' 111il tlos1/11
tire ·11:u nl it lim its, i s Sl'jltU'ltfi'd ji·um ii. 011 ~r
1

1'1'11/ li-r/ /11

1 ; ·

EXERCISE.

1'1n n· L11:1f.o l11is st ~l • '<:ii<11J, ass1g111ng
-

l

r e as11lJ:-i

fur L:a.l;b

·1

u~ct1 :

''Once wlir 11 so 11 1n Yi ~ i fors c·l1aiH·ril fn ilr(li' i11 1111 .. xp1·<-1<·dly 11}1•11 1 .\];1ry L:t11 1h awl lit·1· l1rnl ii1·r j 11 ~ I. as 1lii •y
11·1·n• go i1 1p; to s it. dn\\'11 lo t lll ·i r plai11 di1111l'r of a l1iL (Jr
rn:ist 11111 1111 11 ll'i l l1 iil'r li>'ll:tl l'r:111k lm<11 il :ilil1· ~ I H • 1•r1 •cc 1 .. 1
tl 1v111 t n siay :111tl [':t1 iak1• 1·11lli 11 g 1111 Iii" ,-; 111 :ill j<> 11il i11l o
li1·u 1·11Hal portio rn; a11<l sa yi11g i11 li e r simp le (•asv wa v
so lrn ly ]1 (·r 1111·11 Tl11·n-'s a ('l1op api Pr·c fnr 11s :1 1111 1~·{ · <'< 1; 1
of l'm1 rse 111 :1kc np ll' ii ii brl':id :llld ci'"''"u if we wa11L mo re.
\\' i i Ji ~1 1f·h a ll'Olll il ll {« (';Lrl"f' fo r 1·1q1 :rn rl 1·:d "·ith 1·<111
n eck of m11tton was IJ ell 1·r I l1a11 l !' ll·i ~o n whil e l1r1·arl ;1110
clwl"sc 111o re t liar: rcplac:eJ 1ar.1011s eu 11r~e8 o[ rid1 cs L or
d:tinliest di,;hcs."

~I

\V!it'.ll y 1111 exan 1i 1,.. 111 " 11:1 1<- I' 111° l l1e s1·;L 1r111 fi11•l ili: 1l it
diffcr.::3 Jr;, 111 fri·:-:1 1 \\ ·:d1 111;1<111 11c· h :1' ii i-- ~: 1lt . 11 •: •' 1 ; i \:1\_;
~nmrdliin.r 11·}ij,. ] 1 ""11 '111 11"l 11• 1li• ·•• 111 ri1,·r-11·;1l" r . Ii' °" " 11
\,
,-,
•
.
. .
,.
1
l
t:ikt· :t drnp 11 r i· l i·:1r :-:,priit .~. .:: - ,,- ;1li'l' 11111111 :l 111 1·, .,. ( • 1 .'.! 1:1....;_-.: .:1~1·
al lnw ii In ,. 1·:'1 1nr:tl 1• Y" 11 11·il I 1·111.J 111 1 t 1·;11 "' 1.. r1 \,, .J,11 1<! .
J\1(1 1<'11!,'\J 111< · \l';Ji l'I' i11 ~1 11·i 11'.!·..; < ' < •JJl: 1 i 11~ S<1ll ll' 111 itl<' J' :il >'li J.~t:u i ('f' .....:. di< . 11',·1•d i ll it tl11• ;\tl\ 41l llif i :-o:. ;-.' II ~ !JJ ; i ll \ l !:tl \\! ' 1·;1 Jll 1" •\ ,, II ! ; l i\ L'
I
110 t dt ill'l'f. il ll'iit•11 l11t' 11·a l "r I 1:1 " 1·1·;1p<>r:1 I 1·•.
how en·r a cl nip o[ ~ca- 11·; il"r :11 1.J ali111\' iL lo l'I "1'"1·:11" _1-. 111
1

1; {J /ll'//l(l .

111atL

-··-

Obse rve th e pnudualion of thr1 c1 (\ p01 1 d t~ nt cL rn q,s
in the first e xtra.ct, a.ud puu clua te Ui e Ht't:n u1 1, g1Y111g

c11·111 ·111as.

!1 111

-..

f:

f

1

..:i

will Ji 11 ,J a til111 Jdt. l1l'li i11d rn1 111< · _;.; la "·'·

I f \'<• 11 ]•Li• ... 111 ;tt
film 1111 d<'r a 111 j,·r"~""!"' vtJ11 will ~eu tliaL iL c•>1l'i~t~ of
deli1·alc· < ·ry~tab "r cu1111r.u11 :;alt.
ltELA'l'l VE CLA L:-'ES.

[t
'

.-

..

17

E.YOUS /T CO J!N>S!TION JJY J>H,-IOTJ C!t.

sold i t to tlie i11dirid11:tl (:J) ll'lio prr~01il•· <l it to lll<'. Tt
\\'a~ n l; 1111 ch uf g rl': ll, 81\'l'd, l1alr lil<!Wll .l1111 e l'<> ~ l'~. (·i) lhat
li1111g glnwing 011 I.h eir Hialks in tl1l' ir n1it il' e g :irl/en at
dawn, and 1... 1" 1re 11 011 11 h :1 d l' .\ Jll'ri .. 11r·•·d I l1i s Jjf,. ,,r clian gt\
a11d mll'en ln rl' . ll al l happened in :1. littlu t<11r 11 , (:1 ) wh<·;·o
11 ntl 1ing el se so 111omc11tu11s occurred J uri1 1g our l1ril'f ri ti it,
IH!ea use it was :)11 11 d ay." *

1\oti ee Lhat iu tl1is selecliou Lli c re are s<~ r e ral rnlaLi 1·e claus es, o r elan::;es t ha t refor l iy m e ans of u11 e tif
tlie n •la ti 1·e pron om is 11:/w , ichicli, 11-/111 1, a11d tl1 a t to
so111 e word called tlie auteeet1<•ut.. Let ns select tlH•so
n olati 1·e da us,·s , a nd exalllin o tl1e S{'Pl'ial ki11d of r e lation wliieh trncl1 lie n.rs lo ib.; :u1te et'cl0 11t.

!1) " \1']10 gn,1·e it to tli e l1 r·atl-\\·aiter" f:uil pr·1"] ,.11 t,
coo

kl

(2) "wh o sold it to tl1n iudiri.lnal" [a11 t.eec tl e11t,
h end -wn.ite r ].
(3) "who pres011t<' d it tv me" Laule cetlent, individual~ .

\ .!) "Li1al Jrn11g glu1ri11g uH tli uu stalks iu
11ativt! gartlo 11 :Lt da1r1t" f:rn tecedent, ro so 8'J,

1£ h oweYe r, tli r. rel:Lti rn pro11<>1111 ilf chn,.;e (::) is
ehn,11gm1 t" tlit..: \Yurtls r111tl lw, tl11 : 111t·:t11i 11;...: is 111.t tL'.:
1

sa me. Th e r ulativo cl:Lusr~ "wl1t> prt>s1·111<-d it t.<> 111 1·
liit1its or r vs trid,.; tl1 0 :1.l'p li.-:1 ti"11 " f ib a11l1·1·,..J ,·1d 111
a cm l:Lill itttlividnal (<1('sig11:1tr 1111y tlio chus<') , a1H1 i",
tlior e fun•., e a lkL1 :L rnl riclli:c L·l:t.11,.;1"
Ea1·li • ·~ ti 11·
ot he r r el ati1< ~ clauses s i11q1ly :-:;il'l.•,.; :111 atlt11t11!li: d
t.liougl1t aml j,.; Llierdur•) 111.t 1·1·:--tridi1 1·.
'l'dl wlietlie r, iu U1u f"ll<1\\ i11g :1d:q.tali"1 1, ti1 1· i.•

ri:bt i1·e ehus u is rest ridi1., , .. r 1111 !. 1-.•,.;tridi 1" :
"]1.,

who

g:ti'l;

it lo l1 1c hcaL1-11·ai lo r, wh" snl<l it to 111y fri\'11.J
11:1·."

p r c ~ c;il1• rl 1t. to

In th o last st·utcm:n of tl1A sdocli 111 i, rn1t<• tl1at L"'
wnnl " "·] i P J'(' , " of tl 1n f'l:1.nsn (:-1), "wl1t\I'<'. 11 •.tl1i11 ~~ C' "
monll'llbi n s <>C'l'tHl'P<1(1t1ri11;.;:011r 1·isil," j,; P1111i ,·al .. 1i!. 1.,
· 'I I' 1I/·r·II . ·r~.-. t l1t'' ,___
,.].L it"" n •,.;t ridi11 1 t)r 11< 1l r1· ~t:· i,· f1,, . .,
'1 1 ~.

t

•

_,

•

19. Relative ClanseR not Restrictive. -- .! r ··f,1li1 ·1· 1·/11usr:
ii •/iPll 11 0/ rr s! 1·ir/ir1· ·1s Sl'jll l1·11fr1/ / n1111 / /11; ' ""'/ if 1/1" s• ·11 /1in1·1 · /J_t/

f'<l!ll/fi!(S .

tl11·ir

If wo read ll1 e ::;clediuu. afte r cl 1a ngi11g tlie rnla tir e
p r onouns of eh uses \1) a ud \ ~ ) to tlt(1 \rord,; ({!Id lit· - :•
co11jnn cti1 1u a1Hi a p e rson:d pron ou n arnl tJ rn r e latiro
pru11ou11 of clause (-1) to th e wo r ds nnrl they, tl10 rn n1u1 ing is th e sa me, thongh Uie oxprossi o u of th1· 111 .. 11 ;.. : lit
is a1Yk11·:trd .
"Fro 111 .. 0111· \1·nr ,\broad," li_r Hi . 1:-;( ·11i-: \\· 11 .1.1,; 11 ,,1\' .\ltJ• .

l::\1:1\cTC'E.

Pn 11 dn ntn tlHJ f ,_,Jl.,11· i 11~~' :-:;i1 i11:-:; rr·:tsu11,; f,,r f' :11 ·11
<\tllll lll:L ll S •.'11 :

"'l'w•> (' lt ara de ri sl i1·~ <•f l'rf'11;·h an< .. 1 , ·ar1w-~
l'.\al_; lttl'i"'l~

lt1.thi n.~

;:: ;ii 1•r1 ·-

\" l1i1 !1
i],. 11 lill•· ~~ l.i11· r1·:1 ~n11 wliv it. lias 111'1·11 ~'' 1"11_:: 1·11:1 •!11 .1·,.,: ··'
tliP 1an.~11;1 _!...~(~ (ir dipl r1111:p ·y.
For t lit · (·S\•1' 1 ' ' -" l\ 1 11 1i f 1 '.1 1 •
wil 11 th" linrrilile t ii« j,,f t 1· I i11· i1·r1· 1lil1'. 111 :1. '""'1-.l I 11 1;

t·i:-;ioit.

t 1111 g tic·

JIK

1) f

;11 l1 111 L·i u!'

bL)ni 11.i. :.., . 1•: 11 ;_.!·l1.-.: 11

....:1·1'\11 ....:

lwl !1·1 ",

\ -: t.:.:1 11.·

~·t 1 1 ·l1

all 1l j 1l l 1! 11 1J

,.~ 1 i

',1;

/c'.Yr:/,/S/[ r·o.lt f'OS!T/O.\' I!

r

1·1,:.1 ("/'/('{-,"

howc·vcr is 11ut :1 r-cr p trtl hy Frl' Jl<'h n1 c n ll'ho 11at.ur:1lly reg ard lht> ir to11g11P as llic most pnfL.,.t of all. fL i~ hard t.11
jtlllgc tl1c (':tpacitit•o of a forC'ign lang-11:1gc ll'itb i111parti:di ty beca use p:llri otis m bcco1ues in1·olrl'd in t.hr qur~­
tion . A fe w sc il'11Li sts of England hare 1rrit.tl'n LliC'ir hooks
in Frl'ncl 1. On e of t hese was Sir \\' i 1liam .J ones the
Orir11t:LlisL \\'ho appare11tly wro t.e 1ri th I.h t! sa rn e case in
holh lan g11:tgl's . J t ll':t8 he wh o hl' ld that Fn·11 c h 1ras thr
tung uc of o.; '<:n co 011 a eco11nt of it ~ remarkabl e precision."
CLAUt'ES IL\ Vf:\CT A CO ~DIO~ 1JEl'ENDJ·::\C J·: .

,\ 1l •·lai1lo Pn1t'fpr":; J1:11111.· 11·ill alll' :1ys lit! ~11· t'l'L i11 I he
1i1 111al ,; or En.:.:·l i~li pnvt n ·. 1ler pL11·1· 1ra." a,:,:11r('d fr11111 t lw
t i11Jl· ll'!il'n ,:Jiu 111:1d l' l11•r 11 111dt•,:t :1drl'11 t. i11 I ~.-1:1. in t lit!
<:011111111~ o[ lli d,L! !I S
]] 0011 st•li()ld \\'11rtl.<."' :111d ('\'l'l'_I'( lii11g~he \\'l"til U fr,,lll I J1ai }lt'rind 1111\\';ll"I] lllltjJ ,:J 1P diL•.J )..'.a\'U
t• i·idL'llt'L' o[ sl riki11.:.: :u1d pt•c·11li:1r t:?ll'11t. J l1ar1· lic·:inl
lli 1·k1•11s dt•s1·ril11· 11011· ,: lie lind. h1'.:.:·:111 to 11ro1T1·r 1·111it ril111t inns to Iii .< ,., 1] 1111 111.; m·c·r a fri.!.'.11t•d 11:11111·. t liat nl' ~fi,:s
.:'il:1.n · 1kn1·i1· k : 11"11· lil' 1':1111v 1., tl1i11k tli:1t Ii i.< 1111k111111·11
('lllTt'"Jl"lidt•11I 11111 ,; I. l1l' a. go1· 1·r11t'."~: !11111'. :1 ;.; ti1111· 11·1·11t 1111,
h1• J.. ;1r11 L·d In 1·:il 111· l1i,: 11 t·11· t"<rnlril111lor f.,r ll('r ,:i·Jf-n•lia11i·1·
a11 11 1111 11 du:ility .- 'J11:1li til';; 1I Jl!11 1 1l'lii1·li ]li1·k t·11,; alll'a1·;.;
pl:1n•d a. l1i gli r:il11t·: linw a t !:1,:I, :.:·1•il1L'. to dine 11111· d:"1·
wi1 !1 l1is ,,]d l'ri1·111l;.;. tl11• l'r1 wl 1•r.-. 11;. l:11;1lt'IH·d 1·11tli11 ;; i:1."t i·l':i!h· 11111. i11 pr:1i .;u qf' ~l:1rv B1·r11·it'k (t lil' ll'ritl'r l1t·l'H·I!'.
.\dl'laidL! l'r<1l'il'r, ;;iii i11.!.;' :1L 1lil' t:ilJl1·): :i 11rl l1mr I li e d eli .:.:htl'<l 111 fof !1t·1'. li"in g i11 IJH, ~1·n1· I . rnt·al1·il 11·i1h tt-ars 11f
j ...,. tlw 1·,.;iJ 11:1mr. ,, J' thP .1·.,1111.~· :1.-< J>ir:111t.
,. \J1h1111 :.:11
l I i1·k1· 11 s !1;1~ t oolil i J1,. II' I 100!1· ,:f 111·1· 11100.<t 1'1·1· Ii 11•"I\' 111 a 11 ;11.
l1·,,d 111·: iolll 1(1 :'iii ,.;,.; J'1·1wf0'1'',; " J.1 ..~1· 11.J ,, :111,J J.,1·.~j; ,, , .. i.-'.<11 1'<1
0

••

I'Ufl'<"l' U. I T/IJ.V.

art.er h er cl oat h, to hear it fro 111 l1is 01r1t lips a11tl ".""IJ•aLhoti.:: ]1earl., a~ I liare d1111l', was. as 111:11· 111• i1 11 :1.:: i1lt'ti .
something lJC'tkr e\' 011 tlia11 l'\'ad in g Iii;; l'atl1l'li1: 1111nl.< 1 111
the prin t. eel pagP.*
Iu thi,; c:d.raet 11n t irP l111w thn 11:rn1 P.; 11f p: qwr,; :1 1111
book,; ;tre pn11cbta l<' 1l; l111w su1·0r: 1l 1·!:1 11,;1·:.; l1a1·i11g a
COIJllllOll <iP}'\ ' lld<! lll' I! lJ!l"ll a.!i(ltll t> l" 1·la11 :.;1: :ti'< ! "'' jli Lr:•te tl fro11 1 <': 1cl1 ot.l11 ·r.
· ·
l't•··"l
tl1r.. t·l:in ,.;f• 011
1<..!.::>e.l (lC t tl I C I1t' jl\'111 l l\ ll t ,. I:LI i st'"·
~ . •
whicl1 tlu~ ,;e tle p1• 1H1.
Note tlw 11,;c 11[ tl1u co 1111 11a a11tl the da,.;l1 aft1·r till'
worcl "p1111d11:dity " tu ,;eparaf.to. p:lrlicnl:Lr·,; fr111 11 tl11·
general t<~ r111 wl1icli i11clttdL'>i tl1c111.
Nute tha.l ti"; exp r p,.;,; i()11, "tllle wriL1·r ]1Pr;;l'J f. A1J.. bi<le Prnct't•r, silti11g at t.!1 1'. table," is i1 .. t. """"11ti:Lll.1· :1
p::trt of tire ,;c11Lenc<', LJ1 1t. :tt! t1s ~t fa1·L 11l1i 1 ·l1 tJ11, ll'ritPr
cliLl uot tliiuk i111p orta11t l' li"llgl1 to e>:q1;u1tl i 11t1i a " l' lltence au<l fit i11tu Iii,; u :t 1T:tti 1·e . J\Ia11 _y 11·rit<·r,; ,.;1·L 11ff
such e xprc :.;.,;iuH,.; by Lln,;-;h c s.

',

20. Quoted Titles. -- W/11· 11 f!1r 1111?//r 1!f 11 lm uk .,,. " !'"/,,. ,.
'is !fUIJ/etf, ii

1'.>1

i1/f -/11sl',/ i11 111(11/r1li1111- ·11111rl."'·

21. Clauses having a Common Dependence. -- ll'/11·11 s · 1·eral dansr•s 7111n: a 1·111111111111. d1·111•111!1·111·" 11;11111. 01111//, 1·1·
clrutsf., /lte.11 arc s1•;111r11/1•d from t't rr/! nl/11
s1•1111.1·11/1111s .
22. Particulars iollowed by General Term. - -. I 0111111111
r1111l rt dash. r;rr used /11·/11·r1•11 s1•1·1·ntl .1111/'fi('lt/urs r1111/ 11
1

1

.'11·111·1·0!

/'

' '. ' /

/r•rm ·1 chen tlt(: p11rlic11lar1< 71n•r1•1/1·

l/11' y1·111·rl(/

fr rm.
·!t

Fr•!lll ··Barry ('orll\\'all and sn 11H~ o f J1i :-1 Fr i•·t11b.' ' 1.,,. .I

\\I I·>

T.

1 : 11 ·; 1.u ~.

"

F.Yr; !.!S/f CO.lf/' ()Sfl'{O,V /!

r

/'UA ( .' /'/('JC.

lTHTIJElt L;:-;ES OF i'UNCTUATION -MAHKS.

21

PUNC1'U.A.1'10N.

St.nt1y carnf1"1 ly tl 1osc exa11q1ks, a11t1 :-;eu if ynn caultot _give tlio r uasou for tl10 pnnctnatio 11 without re.
forn ug tu Uie snggestious:

occupy ground not lo cxcccu 011e acre between snid lu<i.d
and sa.icl strea.111.
(It) '' l defy yon Lo Jose your co11sciousnes;; of it [the old
rniu at. Hcidellwrg]. lt will alway» lrnuut you, until it
drnws you out of the l1011se, u11t into Lhe a.ir, through the

(a) Th e lc:irn L·tl 1111tl1:r,;Land ll1e n •;ts1J11 of art, tlte unlu;tl'lll'd, Lite Jil1·:1 s11 rl'.

rambling st.routs, up the hill l'ast t he y_ucer litLlc h uuses,

,(~ ) ~ixt1'.r11 and ". l1 alf f' P1•t. m:ike IJ111· roil , or pole.
I ii " 1'•·1·1u 1l. or 11111 stop, i.-; 1111L at Lite end of every
fk 1'.J ;1rn t i'"-' "1· i111pera lin· ,.;1·11(l'llt'L'.
'l ' l1c ll'all,; 11·,·n· 111:iiJ 1, 11( J,ri('k.s or sto n1• .s.
(") ". :" ''" tl1is .s11pru111l'l.)' ,./11111·111i11.'/ 11id11ri•,'' said a cult. 11n·d (:') yn111lio [ 11i1tl'll'l' ll.
l\lrs. ll <·11 1a11s \\';i,; 1Jor11 in Lir('rpo(J] i11 17!1.i, arnl tlierl at
nuhl in (?) in l.'-':l;-,,

(1/) Tli:il lil' did , o, is not. 1·!,.:ir.
Tli:i t. s l:ir.-; :1n· s1111s .• is t.a11gl1t. liy ;i s l r 11 iwtll< ·r.s .
(1•) Co11ld
I h:tl"l' frlt.w11rllii,.r "I' s 11 .. l1 "''"i .. 11·· 111 <'. l]"
I
1 <.ts111"'. l\'1Jll i] lll ·J·rJ " 11l _Jf P<J J.1· h:tl' C f• <'t' ll illO/'t' llli;i/J" 11 .1.iJ. j l 1d ,
:is I t 11·:1s - st.111 T 1rill 11 .. t 1·n1111•l :ii11.
·

(_() T can
•111i1•l of

:t

rl'l'<·l i11 s< 1l1't111le t I1n11; f11r .l ::;ha! I ,.;l'uk lite
l11•n11it's <:l' ll.

. (:'' ).. \\'e .1.'l'.!1:11 find W•:n1s rro11n1111r:('d nlikc lmt ~P( ' ll('f]
dill.' Ir 11tl.v ' .i.' . i11u;'. 111·1.1;/1 : ;1!11111 , ;1/11111' ; 1'1111 1<, r11iJ1. n ·i11.
:-; .. 1ne a11tltor~ il111de Lhc Mii11lJ,; Arrr · · • t .
. • I
"" "' 111"0 ,\\ () )'l'l'J(Jt s .
11a.1:,1ely, t.l1n Dark Ages and tllf' :\gn nf f:e vi\·al.
'
. l IH'."l' t h1111.:.;l1t.s m;1y lie c l:i ~.-;rd nml cr tlil'ec lirads; viz.,
~1n l'1 ·ntr. 111d11 ~tn-. :incl pati<·111·e,
'1' 111· r i ·::lit s ·!,'.1':11dt'<l :II'<' tl1l'"f"
· · to wi•t·, !11 I t'ilt l 11·;1t f'r f l'O!ll
111 ., · , 1n.,1111 lll>I 111 t'X<'t·vd 11111· J11111·tl 1 ·1 . . I
1 ~ ' " 11111,., and to

to the spot where it st.a nd~."
(i) Voted, 'l'o raise the ::;um required by the trust.cc!>.
Resolved, 'l'hat the thauks o.f this Association be t.cntlere<l,
etc.*

23. (ti) Omission of Verb.-J.'!te 0111i;;i;ion of a verb i8
1/l((./'k1;tl bf/ [(, C(ll/11/lll.
24. (b) Terms connected by" Or. "- '/'1:1"///..~ co1111cde1l f,_,f
or and hav£ n g tlw same ·m ca 11i11 g arc .s1pu n1 led b!/ w111rnas.
25. ( l:) Interrogation-point within Parenthesis-marks. An inte1·rolJ1t.f ion-;1//i11t '1tilliin parcllLl11:sis-·111.11rks rid ic11lcs
or qnestions w!wt 11rca1/cs.
26. (d) Proposition Used as Subject.- .A 71rnposiliun
forrning th e s11l~jr•c/. u.f rt. 'l'l'/'U £s .w:t O,{J' b!J a CO'lll1111t.
27. (c) Dash Used to Mark Break in Sentence.- '/'!t e d11sh
-is tlscd w!ten1 !/1 ere is a sudden break -in a i;eulcnrn, <II' a
.ms;1cn;;ion <'./' !lw l lio /l,IJlll .
28 ( f) Clause of Reason Introduced by "For."-..f
claus1J of rMson £11trodw;ed U!J for -is gencrttll!/ 111·ccctled f,!J

a sernicolon.
2~. (;;) "Namely," "As," "Viz.," etc.- Tf'!1 l'n n:tml'l.1·,
as, viz ., to wit, rwd t hat. is i11trod11 cc c:rrw1p!1•g, ill11s!r111iu11s,
-*

"!\1_1tu tl1 e

ll :"-> t'

or tlw capital aflcr the stJ

\\' i ll'J :-; .

/;'J\'rif, /0/f CVJIL'OSl'J'IUN

or

1111

1J Y l'JUC'J'J CE'.

1·1111·111 cn!l ion rl partin1/a rs, lhl'.'J are preceded by a
Ji1! lu // ' I'd {,!! (l C0'/111/U/ .

.< l' Ill if'(1Lo I/. (( 111L

30. (h) Inserted Expressions.-J'/, c bmckcls are u1;cd to
i11 dosc 1111. 1•:r11rl'.ss ion ·i11serlc1l lifj anul!ier fur e.c;1/a iwtion
or r·o1-r1·1·/ir111.

31. (i) The Words "Voted," "Resolved," etc. - A coinis so 111t!i1111•s 111ru:cil (l/f1·r /!t c ·1curds Voted, licsolved,
Ord ered. A culun may bG. ll81'd .

·11111

QUOTATION .i'lf A Iil\S.

Yon Ji:wo al re a(1y learund tl1at <111ot1!11 wor<1s are
iw.:1osel1 i 11 11 n• >taLio11-111arks, and aro sf' paratc 11 from
tl1 e wri t(' r's 11·llrds, 111il Pss t.lll \ 11111Jtatiu11 is a formal
011<', L y l '1JJ1 1111as.
Of tui 1, ]10\\' H \' n r, t 11 0 \l'l'iter l>roa ks
tl1tl 11 11 u lat iu 11 , a llil pnts l1is uwu wurds J.dw oo n tli e
parts. l:I:nrn aro Lhe t hrc•ri ways iu " ·l1i1·li tl1 u writur's
words aud Ll1nso J10 <]Uot1·s 1nay sta1111. Oh s1• n ·n tli e m
dusnly, a 11d tl10 puudualiou of ll lluLt-~ d wurds will be
el ea r tn yn11 .
I..

i~

" If

y11n

soe

111 0

growiug idle,"

:-;]10

said o ue day,

"t1~ ll m e to <lo rny duty."

" If ~·0 11 sr e rn e gro \\·ing i(ll te , L("ll me to tlo my duty,"
sh e

:-;a1t1

on e day.

Nh e sai11 <111r da_y , "If you see m o gro\\'ing il11 o, tell
to t l ll 111 y tl 11 ty. "

111 n

1\nt.i<'e i11 rr' :111i11g t.11 0 n " prot111ctiu11 "01,1 Hans, "
p:ig" :!.7, l1ow a 1111l!f'atiou \\'itl1i11 a tJllULaliou ls }lllUC·
°tU;d.L' l l.

PU1\'C1'UA 7'.LON.

REPIWIJUCTION:-:l F lWJ\ I J\flrnO Jl Y .

'rhat the pupil lllay li ;trn npportn11ity to apply in
his own composition tlie ku o wle dge li e gains, <L})(l also
that h e may J1aYe practi ce in contiuue11 co 111 positio1.1,
selections to lie r e prOlluc otl from rn e mory are l1 c re iuserted. The class sh onl(l b e gi vo 11 r 0prnd 11d io ns
from tim e to tim e 1lnriug th e :;tntly of P1111du;diu1J.
When that sulij ed is fiuislie 11 , tL c cla,ss sl101tl(l haYC
hitd as mu ch practic e i11 writiu g rq)ro1l11dions as is
cu.lled for by th e fol!owiug sel ections.
*Le t th e pnpil r f' 1Lt1 t l1 r Sf\l Pdio11 lmt. o n1· r , iuH1 tl11· 11
putting a,side t he book, wri te what li e l'iLU r e 111 0 11il J(' r.
After [L little practice Le will b e able to rnpro1h w e tl1 e
thonght of a wlw le page, k ee ping the o n1or of the
writer. He shoul(1 attellll cliief:ly to Ll1 e tl1nnglit,
usiug as mauy of the " ·un1s a~:d1 e ca11 rec<Lll. I 11 t Lis
way h e will tiu(1 l1is stock of wonls co11tinua1ly Pula rging, as we ll :L;.; his pow er to ex pre;.;;.; tli e tlwught
in his llliud.
Tl1 e r e 11r1Hlnctio11s alsu aff<>nl sorn n
m eaus of acrp 1iring skill i11 sr•qnence, or so relati11g and
connectiug o ne thllnght and idea with a11otl1e r tliiLt
one part of the corn position naturally lead;.; iuto tl1e
next- a, ve ry important m atter in writin g . I11 all
written w o rk lea rn a margin tlHee q1rnrters of an
iu ch wi11(~ ou the left si(fo of th e page, a11<l l) e (•ardul
not to crow1l tlie writi11g too close to tl1 e rigltt (• Llg<: .
- - - ----- - -·X-

'l't·r nt·lw r:"\ wltn Jlf'1•!'i·r to r•·:id to tl1 e class :--;t·lt>cti111l~ for rt ·p roduc -

tion \\'j\J li11d

JI.

\'ari,•l _"

11 f

1ll<lf1 ·ri al

ror f}1H t p11rpP ~ I~ ill " ~1 ·! t• t•! i,ill~

for \Vri t te n H<•prodt11·1i .. n" lJy I·:DwAHD IL ~IL\\\', puhl i, J1"d by tLe
i\Ln e ri cn.n B11ok ( '1~u11nu1 y , tsUti.l~ro ndwuy , 1\cw l'1..trk.

:Hi

A'Nr;J,/Slf COM l'OS!TJON HY l'UA <:TJ CIC.

PUNCT[fA TTON.

'l'l1( : 1•aJH'l'S ,.; l11 rnl<l hn coll1•d1•tl a11(l <·x:u11i11( :d. It
is a go<1d ['ia11 to lra.uscribe s(·1 1Le11ees CtJutai11 i11 g
h .nib, a1 1t l pul Ll11·sn s1·1dt'llC<'S np<•11 ll iu blacld1o<Ln1
f!IJ" et11'l'IT(i1111 <LS :t g<•l1t•1·;t! cJass-eXel'l·ise.

L11cdrn1. London. For t.11is p 11r po~o a tw:dl'oldi11 .:.:: lt:ltl li rc·1 1
eroctccl abou t lhrcu hu 1uln.01l feet :d101·e t.li c 111 ;1rl1 !1• pa11·rne11t. 0 11 c' day whilP Sir .Ja111es wati p:1i11I i11g, ill' \\'i ., l 1c· d
to see h o w hi s wo rk l0ok1•d a t a di sL ua·c., a 11 d :;u :;lc•t •1•1 ·rl
l.i: tekwa nl ~, 110L lli i11kin g ll'l1t.•ro li e was. 1\ 11 ol lit·r :; l,. 11 :lllrl
he wc>nl 1l lwn• fallt•l \ <11·l'I', Llu11·11 l o l he i'a 1·,.11 11·11 L l)('J .. w.
At L11is 1no rnr1d, :111 :1.-;:; i,l:1 1tl . scl'i11g lhc g 1·l'al d ;111 .1.::•·1· :-;i r
Ja111t'R wa:; i11. 1'l:i,:IJC'd a J>o l. of l':ti11t. ;ii, 1111: l' i,. :1 11'<'. :-; ir
Jamr:s, ang ry al wli:1I. lw :;aw, i11sla11tly ni,;h<·d l<111·;1rd :; ti ll'
ass iRtant. 1\ s ~ir ,J:ull l'S c-;1111 e forward. ti ll: :1 :;,;i ...;t;11 1t. 1·.\plain ed why ltl' l1:1d t.hrnwn the paint ;1 t 1li l' J>i d11 r1•.
Af t.er t his cxplall:1 t. io11. t h 1) :1r l ist <·011!1] 1111 1. 1lt :tllk hi ,; """i .-< Lant t:n ough fur hi :; presl·Iwc: ()[ 111i11d an•l Iii :; i11g1·1111ily.

A L LS'I'ON'S UNFINISHED l'A I N'l'ING.

\\ ':1 :-l 1i11 ,:,::1.. 11 .\ll.- 1.. 11. 1111 · .:.::r< ·:il l'ai111 .. r. h:rd 111·<'11 a l11ng
I i 11 11· :ti 11·.. r k "" :1 .:.::1·1·:11 1•:1 it rl i11;.:. 11 ,. Ji;<d 111·:1rl1· 1·t1 111 J.l1·l t·d ii, 11·!1t·11 !ti s k< 'l'lt ".\·1· d i..;,·t1\'<'l'!'d ,;u1111· d1·/,., ·1,; i11
0 111· 1•arl (If l li l' ,·1111 111,..•i l i.. 11.
IJ:i ,; 1il.v 111· rl r1·11· Iii ..; 11,. ;
I11'11 ,; !J 11\'t'I' t Ji :t L J>:t l'i q f 11 t (' pi!' {111'1 •. i Iti 1·11di11 ,!..; I" J':l i It I i I.
:t ll l'll'.
l\111 a l1,;,. r l1t"d i11 lii ." 11·ork . lie did 1111 1 .!.'. ..!. :tl1tn1 I it
a l 01w<:. I 11 t ht' 111 id ."I <ii' Iii ..; jil :u 1;; li e rli .. d. :111d Iii;; ]':ti11t i1 1g l'<·111ai11 .". j1 1"t a.-< !te idl ii. \,1 1d i1< ·r 11"1"-;11 11 1·a11 1·:1ny
011L l i1t: '"ll H'l'l' Lio11 t. hal \\'as in t ill' g r1·:il ]1:ti11ler':; 111i11d.
A TUTIIOSII BELIEF.

.. ' l'l1e T11rk ;; !t a1·1· a lil'l id 111;11, u1·e ry lllall lta s two an gl'i s
wa l clti11 g lii s '"'11d1w t-0 11 e orn lite ri g!tt slio11 l.l cr, a11d
t lt e ol h n o n •r 1lt0 left. \\' hc 11 li <· <l oe:; a 11 r good rlt>t'.d. the
a 11.:.::·d oY,·r t ltl' ri .:.;li t s!tonlder writ l'.-; il d1111•11 a n d RL·;il ,; ii.
l1l'l':11 1,;,· wlia 1. is d1 i1 11· i." d o11 r for .. 1·,·r. \\'l tl'll l1u doeH a11yl li in:.; t•1·il. I.li e an:_: t·I 01·n tl 1c ldt 1:d1n11i d L·r wrilc·:; it duw11
a111l 11·ai ts t ill 111i d11i.:.::ht. H tho 111a11 bow:; cl1111·11 liiti hea<l
hdt>re rnii.111igl1 l cp1111•s :111d a sks lo be fo rgil'e 11. t.lie a11gel
rul1;; ou t w l1at. he l1:i:; wrill l' n ; but if nol, al 111iduiglit he
:-;1·ab i t .• aml t!J() an gel bol'ering over the rigl1l 8hould or
\l't'Cps."
PllESENCE OF MIND.

'J'liu fa111ous p;iinf l·r. :-;ir ~h 11 1 ( • ::; 'l'hornl1ill, was employed
in Uel'Ornling lli c i11 LL·r iur u[ tl1u UOIUC or :::lt. Paul':; Cn-

A LEGEND OF SIIANDON.

"n11r i11 g till' W:lrS i11 Tn·bncl OllU of tl1l' l\Hlllk ~ li1·l•iil;..'. illg
to lh o abbey of Sha11d o11 ll'i i.1 1 I.l ie rnst !Jf t l11• <·< ·1·J,., iasl i1 ·:d
hou i;ehold \\'as drirnn in tu exile. Allllost l1r"k"11-lic·ar l<·il lie
wallclrrecl throngl1 Engl:1rnl, Vra11cc, and l laly . ,1· !1il l• hif'
tl 1ou gl 1ts 1.11nwcl C\'rr t"' t.ln: olcl abl iry whnt• "'' i11 11 "lt ., r
his li fe had ure n passr<l, :u1d he lu 11gr·d t,> IJC ·a r :1;::1i11 t. li 1·
c himing m11sic of il.s bells. This d e::; in: gr,.11· Ilion· :111d
m ore i11U·n sr>, 11n f.i l at lasl lie could eJl(l 11 n • it. 11n l11nc:n.
li e dcd.ern1i11etl Lo rel11r11 to the a lil>oy a11d pa ~s tl1c r(' 111;1i11 d c: r of his life u n<le r ils sl1:11low whc :re tl1(: \'e,; ['l'I' 1•1· als e>f
t.11r.se dear old hells \\'onld be peace Lo him.
"li e j1;1JJ'l\l'_\'l'tl on foot O\' er the Co11!.i11l'lll, :1 1111 all h1111gh
often weary antl fai11ti11g-, he was l\C\' er tli, cnur;1gt'd . 1\ t
leng th he r oachc•1l lhi stol :rn1l took pas,;:1 g1· f11r ( 'u rk . A~
the boat n1ovcd slow ly up tli c 1Jf':rntif11i ri1·l·r Ll'l'. nwn 1n r i1:s
of lhc life s1ic11t in the huly abuey lloo1kd his sottl --el'l'ry

.:

:iii

/;'.\'!!US!! ( '() .J//'()S/Tf1J ,\ . [Ir I'll.I (} 'f'/ CliJ.

Lr·,•t· a rrd n)('k. l' l·try <'a~tle a11tl ('f';tg, 1ras ri..!1 wil11 lii:;Lory
l'"r hi111.
·
.. ,\ ,.; \'\ t•11i11g drt •11· 011 , Ill<' g;r l>l1·s a11d l1ullrl'SSL'1< of th o
.,]d al1l1v1· "J' l><';rr1•d i11 tl1 e di >'L 11u· L', ;i11d a li tllu Jatnr t he
~o l1 • m11 J,l'-ll s ,du 11·Jy hl'ga11 ll1l'ir 1·e>'] Wr peals. 'l'IH:ir sweet
111 11,-i<.; l'a111,• ~ ll'aling along tl1,) l11rki11g sl1ad1ms, tilt it
l'C;l<'!il'd I lit• ( '<ii',.; nr I l1 u \'l'll(:l';ihlt• 111011k. 1L \\' HS loo lllll Ch
for lii1n: Iris l11·:1r.l 1·1rnl d no t hold it. Tir e ro wers l:!tOjlJJCU
1
:u1u s11r111ld t·d a f1·11· drllpH of water in his face to l'l'Vive
hi111 . H11 L 1lll· ir t·fl'llr ls ll'l'l'l' Yai11, fo r witlr the sacred
rn11si e of 1110,;1~ llL-;1r uld hells h is su rd had passed from
1·;1rll1.""
:No l il'(' tl1al. t IH•n• arc th rep diY isio11s i11 Lir e "Lnrreud
of !-iha11,l<>ll. " TJ1,1 L•>pic of tlrn first i,.; , 'J'!t e ./// :nlc's
1·.r;J1tlsl1111 111/f l !101111•-s/cl.·111'ss; of tlin St'l'<nHl, 11/s rr- l uru ·

<>f tl11 ~ tl1i:·d, /!Is rl1·u lh 11s ft, · cu111c in sir1M r!f" lllf' aUwy .)
~ll l' lr il11·ts1011s an: !':dl,•1l ;1111 ·ur1ruph.~ .
1\ L' t 111 11<'d1•t1 ,.;1•r iP,.; o f SPJ1[1'1 1u•s dt•1·Plopi11g a si 11 g) e
t"l'" ~ 1·1111shf'i1f1•s a 71nn1 r1rrrph.
I

i

I~u

(';[J't • rn '- t.n ti i 1·i tlo pn 'per ly i II to paragrn.p l 1s wl 1:1.t}<>II writ... .Eacl1 11 n11· paragr:qd1 ,.;]10 111.l lii>g iu
01t a 111 iw li111., :r.11d a littl e Lo tlw riglit of tlie margiu,
as 011 tlrn p ri11t.etl pngo .

l ' l 't' I'

I'Ul\' {,' T UA rmN.

27

lord s, and th e Urcek e11tpC'r11 r o f tl1u ('ity. lil':tri11g o f t l1 e
polituuess of t lt e Nurma11s. tlde rmim•d Lo [>l'Ol' e 1·.- l11·t l1l'f
they knew how to 1nak 1.: Lit e !;est uf wlta L w:1s t11tpJ..;1sa11t,
and so prove wltetlwr Uwy lratl line 111 a11m·r~.
"Accor di n gly, he invit.ud th e duke a11d ail Iris Jl(ll1ks tn
ngre:tt banqnet to Le g irn n in the Lal l of tlw )':tlal'e . Ju~t
before the Normans aniv eJ , th o cmpuror !.(Jok can· to l1a1·e.
all the seats fill ed witl1 guests. When the :N or rn a ns C":1111(.·
they received the S':!autiest attention, and rn11 Jd 11111 li11 d _a
si ngle seaL 1111 oc<;11pied . They made 110 r e mark at till,.
but withou t th e least appeurnnce of surpr1sC', 1r:rlk l'il l 11 a
vacant spa ce at 011e t•nd of the room. llt-re t.l1e d 11 ke lor 1k
off Jiis ri e ltly c rnbroiclcred cloak, fulde1l it Ye ry C"a rd11 ll y,
laid it on the floor, :rn cl sat down upon it. T he flt lit·r J<,rd~
immediately followed tho duke's example. ll ur,_; tl1L'Y 11·cre
served.
"After the banqnd w:LS (.•ndcLl, th ey pai11 tl1 cir part i11g
compliments to the e mperor, am1 we nt away. ka1·in g t heir
cloaks whieh were o( gr,·a L v:dtw lll'hi11d tlit•.111 011 tlrc 1l<>or.
Tho emperor , who h:ul ad111iretl tlH·ir lJ\'l1avior'. s"11~ lb·""
to th em on tho rnatl, req 11 e.~Li11g the:a to p11t <111till'll'1·l < 1:1 k.~ .
Bnt the duke re[tl iud tl1at I.lie :Norni:ws w c·rL~ !tut i11 1111·
habit of carry iu g a bont with them tlw sea h wlril'lr 111 1· _1
u sed at entertain men ts."
After you l1:ne writbm n reprollueti0 11 o[ tl1is :-;11Jt.e -

HEPIWDUCTIOX

'' 'l'lic old NT<>1·111 an no l1l l'S we re ·f arnons for t.h1·ir good
11i;u111 ers. On one 111'l'asio11 I\olH·rt. Jl11kc of f>n rniantly,
Ltt. lr1·r ni' \\' illi:1111 1. lr L' ( '1111q11l' r111". while 011 lii s ll'a\' 1.o 1lr o
ll11h· La11d, tn11 k 1q1 Jij, 1111:11·t1•r.-; l'11r a slror t ti 111 " at (; 11 11 _
s la11 li 1101ile. 'l'ht• d11k1· 1ra;,; :1!'1"<>1111•a11 i, ·d l1y 111 a 11 y of his

ticrn, give it a name.
OLD HANS.

Old lla11,; lay tlyin!..(. I I is t•:i~tor sal. hr li is l.ed .-id,•.
ofl'l'r i11 ,!!; lii1· List. ""11 ,.;11l:ili1111,<. ".\l:t" '" ""j, I 11 ld 11:111'.
"Jil'e is s1i1:il l l11:i~ t.o llll'· l lra1t· 11<·1,·r J,, ... 11 ;111,)ll1i11g l111t

HNO US!! CO MJ'OSl'J'lON JJ Y ! 'H.1

(''l'f('[!}.

a poo r wrct.(:h, boll'cd (lo\\'11 with toi l ;11Hl pai 11. Whcro
11 " Piil' ebu 1r:trrtl'd t .. go, t lien~ l'(l•JI' I 1:111 s 1ras sc·r il; arrd
11·'1('11 n l li(•r:;; lljl.<l'L I lii1 1gs, iL wa s I 1: 111 .' t li;il, J 1:1d to ri •r lii,
:1 .~·:ri r.1 .' : ·• l\1.·jo icu Lht•n , 111 y frit·1 1d ," s:1 id t he: pas~r,
·· r1.'11r .~ 11 1le r 111gs w 1ll soon he (1 1·r-r. l\ll'ss(·d arr t.Jr,•y w] 10
.'rillvr. tor ilil'Il'.s 1::; t he kin~do111 o f ht:11·0 11 . " " 1\lr !., rrir·d
uld Ila ns, ··I am sure li1·f'o rrh: lllil flraL ii. ll'ill J, 0 jr ist Ur e
":u nt· up th crt'. Erl'n· on e will shou t :if tt· r lll t'. 'Hans,
l rgh t np tlw Still!' ·I fans, p11 t 011t tir e 11 1oon!' 'Jlans
lt'L flv llw lht1 1Hln! · "
'
1 li v111

:\ 11d wi tlw 11 _L (' \'l'll lH · a1· i11~ a i-:igli . p r1or ll: llls 1·lm:e(l lri s
eyt•s, l'oldcd h i:;; h:rn1l...;, a 11d li rt•at.lwd hi s J:i., t.*
--------- - - -- - ·-·------- ii'·

L.

F r1n11

Bu\ITll.

l ,al 1n11l11 yt• 's

·· 1.a . . t

Fai r.\· 'f'ali·s ," tra 11 ~·d1ttt·d

Cupyrigl1t, ls .~ -1 . llurpn & Ur1.rlw r~.

CHAPTER ll.

v AlUE'rY OF EXPlrn!-)STON.
TRANSFOl{J\ilNG I:-H'JNl'J' l VE::4 AND l'Al{T f<'l l'l.l·::-'.

IN the [nllow; 11g Pxc r·eis<: Lra11 sforrn t l1 0 illliuit.iY• ·s
parLi< ~ i]'lns or partit' i1 1i:Ll ll"n11 s, ru 11l tl 1P par t i(· i plt-s
a11<1 p1tl'Lieip ial u o m1s tn i11ti 11i tiw~:-1, <luf t• rn1i 11i11g i11 f' :t<'h
i1 1sta11cc wl1iclt f(J rrll <•f e xpressio 11 is tl 1n l wtt.•r.
:ExA~ l l'i.f; : l 'roci1l i11 y fnr t.lt n t:ih1" ce rl: .i 11l y f, >1·111s OJH~ Y1·ry
im portant duly of \\'ollla ll a s a l1011 sPkPf']Wr.
Tu p rucide for t 1H : t:ililc t·1· rlai11ly fon us OI1e """." importan t.
duty of w0n1 :u: :<s a hou s" k"''l"'I'.

to

EXEltCI:-.;E.
::,,

Jt

~ orn d ii111 · s

happ011 s f li:tl 11 1 <ll's ignin!..'. h01 1sPs, Pr
rnl h(•J' i11 ('l'('l'i.i 11 g lr1111 s1•s wil 11011!. a dl's i.g11 . :t s l:1 irw:1v II' il l
lie 111:1<! 1• 1· r 11ss i11:11L wi11d1J\\'. Th e o nl y w11 y ''.( 1·11rn·1 ·ti11.11
L il i ~ 111i s l:i k(' j,; /1.'f 1111i11l.i11.11 tli l• sl: 1irs i1 1 :-:0111<· rnital1k
col ur, l11tt. ol'le 11 tl1P crn1r is 111ad u only tlit: 111f\n• g la ring Ly
th e cl 1ni('(· of 1.11<· wron g , ..,] or. Slat,; Jila P<·d i11:"idu w:trl'honsc 1ri11ilt11r,;.fi1r 11rn/1•1·li11!J 1111 <· lc1·;Lfo r arc" }"'" to the
sam e ohj1·1'1 i11 11 , :11 1<1 it. 111a\' 11(' \\'()l'L lr wli il e r·11 11 s i 17'-ri !l.f!
what co lor 1.IH·.v s l11J11ld 11(' pairrl<·•I. Th('ru is 11 1111·lr 11111n:
li g l1t OllL ,,i· d11ors f li:lll i11 t !11 : l1<i!IS('. a11d J'I H llli,.; l)f Lill'
ordinary ::; ize :1rt· tou larg1· tu rl'ilcd e11 11 11 gli light. .Ji 1r 1'1J1111:!H

ltNUU8!f r!0.1!!'0Sf7'f(Ji\' I: l' /'f(,.1 ( :7'/ Cfl

l1·r1u·!i 1u; flip li ri.:.:h t. lighl. 011t.-< idl': s" th,·y lmvt· a cavelik n dark11t·ss. / '!lf ,. i 11.'f. fh(·rdur.., "l:t fs ••r a stairway
:l!'/'Oss a wi 11dn11· i.< !11 1111! ~11rf: 1<· 1 ·s flt•ar f li e wi 11duw I.hat
w ill rl'llt·c·t li ghl. and li1 •(·0 111 c· ri s iJ,J ,._ IL i;; (· r itlrnt, then,
that sn c h surfa<'cs s lio11ld lie p:ii1it1·d hl:t"1\.
Tt{A NS FO H1'l Ii\ 0

~1

YA !UK'f'J' Off' !CX l 'll!CSS/()N.

1':\ llTJ( ' I I' U ::-; TO C: Li\ USES.

I 11 tl1t: foll1111·i11 g story tra11sf"n11 t 110 participl es and
parLit·ipial 11 u1 111s i1it ... dans('s, C•llll)MH\ Ll 1e tw" fonn8
.. r expn·ssi .. 11, :t11 d r L' tai1I ll 1at wlii<"li f'X fH"·ssc•s tlic
t liunh' lit, Ll1 u lw lt• ·r. '\\' .11,~ n Ll1 !'n•. is II" cl1 .. ic<: •l lI the
g r• l111 1d "f c.lt :ar1It •ss, ri.'tain il 10 for1n 1rli ic !t g 1l'l.:s tli o
sto ry Ll1 ., g rc at• :r \·nr icty "f oxpn:ssi<JIJ .

coac h at tJ11 : 11 t·arcsf {1111·11. a11<l 1ralk1 •1 I :ll-r"" ' l lw li1 ·ld s
towartb t. hu Ji 011s, ·. /,' ,.,11-lii11!) t 11" l1 ri.J g1• "" 11·(·11 r"111t·111be re<l, li e fd <ippctl :11 1tl !/ ll ~ i11!/ do11·11 i11to till' w:tfl'r, 11°· c:tw
th e very st ump near \\'lii c h t hL' ring h:1d f:1]], ·11. I it' p11 t
down the Jmin t of his nrnlin·lla into t.hc hPlc of a k1111t and
dran· u ;i; t.hc urnlin·lla llJ> . f111111d 011 it, to l11 s :1 ,;1,,11 1slim_en t ,
()J h is
· · ]1e ]1:1< l j,, ~·t · ]'1·• H"·L'L'd i1 w" to ll1t · lirn1sn
t lrn ve ry· n1w
.
· ·t n·s. fi e~nl Ll hi s story a11tl rc: f.urncol tliL' ol 1l nn::_::. I l e
rnis · · ~..
, ·
·
·
for the
also pn:s01 ill'tl i.he n e w 011t: as a r·<•nt)>l'l1:;at11111
a 1J 1J oya 11 ce wh it.:11 h is d i;;:1ppcara11ce li: td cau sed .
P.lJllSTf'J'l i Tl :'\I ; Si 1'\C: l. J·: \\' OJO>S.

Suhsti t lllC si11gl 1, 11·n1-.ls f11r ll1H ]'li r:tsPs or <·xpn' >-1::;ious p rinted i11 itali('s:

THE LOST RING .

1\rany yr ;irs agn a lady ~r nt l:C'r ~!' l'l':111t to f(lwn wit h a
1·al11aL lc ri 11g w hi..!1 w:Ls t o ht: r1·pa in·d. \\ . l1 !' n <· 1·(·s~i ng
a hritlge t.he yo 11 11g 11 1a n took tit<' ri 11g fr o111 th.: •·:1sf' Lo look
al. it.• and h o/1/i 11.1; it ·1 ·ard<·s~ly. ll't. it slip Ll1m11.:..:·l1 hi s fi11gcr~
i1ito Ll 1e ira te r. J\ 11 s<'a rch for ii. J>ron·d 1111a1·aili11 .:. ::. and
!lri11ki11.'1 t l1a l, l1i s ,;1,,,.}' wu11ld 1111! IH' 1Tl'dit1·1l. he ddcrn1i1I1·d 11; 11111. r 111111im; a11·ay. :-;,._ 11·itlio11 L t; 1·1·11 n ·t11rn i11 g
h orne fo r l1is 1· lut lr "' · lie i=et 011 t fo r l 11clia. I I' li u l1 ad in tC'11dL·d to seek l1i s fnrl. 1111('. he c·1 11ild 111!1. l1 an· tlu1 1u ht.:flC'r;
fur Fu rl 111 1e s11 1iletl 11po11 l 1im. a 11tl in a fl'll' n·ars li c· l1ec::11 11 e \l'!•all f,,._ H11 i, lh i11ki11 y i:1111 t in11 :il lr 11/' . tl1t~ loss of
tli u ri11 g :u1d hc,11· l1is f'o rn11 •r 1>1i st n·ss n111 o< I s 11 s11L·t:L t hat
lw liad :;t olt:11 it. li e defL'l'111i11 t·d a t lc •11 gt Ii 11;11u1 r1·/1rr11i11 y {(I J-:11gla11tl a11d 1·u11Ji•.,·s i11_r; t Ii,. f l'll t 11. f ' 11n·lr11 s i1111 a
cJi;L))IOll.J ring Of .!.!° l't·:i f. 1·;iJ1I\' lo ufl't·r /tt'r a.-; a \'O lllj lt' IJS;tf jqn
for h L·r luss . l1 L' il1L·f1 l111 1k l•:t."":1;;-c· f.1 r !1.. 111t'. JI .. Jdt, tl1c
0

JI. i s 111iss ild1! l!illf 11111 ru r rrnrs arc• 111atl t: in t.11.-· 11 ~ 1· of l hr•
wortl ·· 011 lv" t.ha11 in LI><· 11,:t• u f :111 y ol11t·r word 111 t.lin
Jnng-uagP. , 'J'lton.:.:lt ils 111 i." 11 "" is ll<• t sn a pp:irt·11 t as m:111r
oLl i::r error~, yd it 111:11·s i 11 11 yru1! rl1·!;n·1· t fi ., :1 1T11r:1 1·y pf
"l:r.ri11"
a se 11 l t! l.1c~ t~. U1il1· 1.r·
"' . tl1t•. 111t>1"'
"' ,-.
:.-. 111i sta k .. s wh1,.) 1 are
tl, 1L· .s1 1l'('C]1
or ll'l'i t iiw
0011 (.Ill('( ] /'ff/' / II1f' 'Iliff.\·I ;1111·/ !1l
.
. :
. ,... of !.] ,,,,c
wlrti ll/'I' 110/ /1·rrn11•1I. it.s 111i s11 st• pn •1'1t1ls 111 a ~11 >,!..'. t il: tr <' \ te nt in t. hu writi11g o f acc·o111plish!'d 11 1L·11 a11 d \1·111nt ·11. a1 1d
OC<: lll'S 11:il !t (n ·11111·111·!1 in ]l('ll'S J':lJ'CI'·" :111d l' \ t·1 1 i11 l 1 i .~l tt'r
l .t
l e r:t •t. lll' 0. r'.1 ·111· ~· 1·c,;i1lts
·- · fr 0111 /111'/.· 11(
· N 1r1· ll tt>n· t h:1 11 I rn111
an yth in g i•lsc. aml m r1sf li!.:1'1.'f fr1J111 t.l1c· f.1ct tl1 :tf t iil' c11rrt!cl u se of t. he 11·pn] i ~ not. so l'llS!f lu Ill' u 11111'rs /u u1 / .
.
'l' !t e proper plac1: of· · o nl y., i11 a st·1ift•twt • is :1-<1·n!a 11wtl
'/l)l//i rl'llil ui css l1y dt•it· r111inirtg 'll'illr w·n1r11 1-_ 1; t lw '.rord to
which it ha' "l"'C' i:d n·.l't·n·1t <'.L'. A s111all 1111/ulwr 1(1 •·.x:11111ilcs will. ]tcrhaps. 11·il/1 ·11111 r(' 1·/1·111·111·ss t' \j' l:t111 11< 1111"ll S'. '..
1 I l:l\'l' ] lt':llt· l g()(}(
·
l 1it"1!ors ' ·1 y· ' ' [ will 111ilr r..fvr 10 tlw;
I

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(.;f).J[f'f)s/7j(j_V /]

hra11 (' li « ft 11<· ~ 1 i] 1 1· ('( I."

y

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r:n r:g

\ l' I l
: it I v I iought 11 ill n1;1 k,, it pe1·-

f(·d 1_1· ..!P:1r I l1a1 t IH · ~iw · il ·r I 1
.
.
· · '' ' It n" 1 111 11• 11tl tn r-onfill<·) ·
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II' • /11'1//lt'/1 ,,f f/ 1A , ) '
f ,.

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sli011ld I·1 11.. "J .. I ·
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11 ' 1J.111"li o f Llw im bjPct"
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lin1i t "rdl'r" I , .
· . "' lt' 111 t· 11 11 t .. only " to
, ic. 11011ld har e .r;11 ·1· 11 l'l! lf il111sis lo" on] " i
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oidu to 111ak u l u nisl']( llllfl <· r ,tn()il.
Y n
To >;ny.
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nnl r s1·c an Ol"lll "( ..
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8j1 cakcr d "''" not fr p] h o>t(' o.
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l.,
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.. . . , , .. ' k1111 · a11 1Jl':111,'..'.f': Im t. "I
DCC()))\ .111 Ol:tl/<'(\
ll)("lll " ti' I I
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1t· ~1:1 · s 1111 Pt ii<·r frnit
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a 11 o r11 1w1·n 11 h··· 0 r"I 1
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11 e.
L '" 1'1\111111 111 1 lo l1i"1r .. I 11 I . .
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11 .1 ;; a 11• 11111. .. J 0111 v
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l •" , .. .. · I
·
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i' 11a, :111d 1·<11111 t1..~" (I I"' ·' 11/

I

II ' srr !Ill' I/It! If l'f'.

'I' ll(• \\' l>J'</ .. lt1o "a11 d tl11'11·ord " ·il ·o"·.
.
,/l l' (I 11t' 1/ II I i.-: 11 .-:1•<1.
\rri tl'r:.:. i" I ''"'/". ·11 !11 r ·I 11 1 I I ' "
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tl1\'."(! ll'lll'd ~, f'u r "Jl"a kl'J's "·111 i11 Ii .. t I I . 11111 u·,r; ·11s1:
I
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('111////! /S/ ~ 111 r; l /11 •111 . . I 1//'f"f! f{
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;1 "I I/" ll 1I \' i I I \\' .. tJJ 1g J" dtJl' to l/11 ,.; f:uilt .. :111d ,·.,rr1·1'fi1111 ,,f ,· , ,..."I I.
11 JI
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ur,rr 1 "!! 1' 1' 1: l.o th e JlOll'c r <ii' ;111 :i11th11r.

;i·~·.

T l:.\:\' :-;f·'O IDrtxr. \\'(lf<J•:-;

I 11 t.111· f11ll1111'iJ1>'.- .

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r :111s or111 t110 \\·orcl ·· ..
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il.:di1·i /,1 •.J (11 1');1 11s1•o.;
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tl1
n
P.XJ•l'f•so.;ion
ll".·
1111)(·l l as 1•11so.;ilil1'. :111d if \'111·1
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fi11d jt, }/( 'r'('"~
'l.l '.\ ' 1•11 01·< ] rr
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t o- llla l\(! t. J " ' t' Xl'l'l·i s1 • 1'1 ·"1 l .
tl l )
'I
S//lOtJ , I \ > ll'f"tk lljl II.J I}'
Sell t f'l! CO a1 1l l forrn a J1<•11· OJH· nr t· I· .
.
S u t e nce :tll<1 IJ nt tlnt )l·i rt 1'1 ·t ti ,1 , n a pa.rt from all}'
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VAUl!CTY 071' HX l'li/CSS! ON.

:-n

J~ XEl{ C l ::iE.

Th ough n ot abore th e rnidtll e h<·i g lit, Marian Ernns
gave penplu t.hLl irnpressit1n 1'.f' lici11.1J 111uc: h La.ll\'/' I 11:111 :;lie
really 1rns, livr ligure, al t. bough thin ;111tl ,.;J iglit, Ol' ill.'/ 1r1-/{
7;oised and 1101. ll' itl10 11t :t eer tain sl.nrdi11 ess o( build . ~h e
was 11c:\·cr r ob ust i11 lr c:altlr, beill!/ t(/' d el irnlc and h iglt!y
m:rvou s t ernp cr;un e11 t. ]l! youth tl 1i' kel' 11 l.' X('it:dJility o f
he r 11 aLnre of ten lll;llle her wa y ward. Jn f':l<:l, l1l·r txlraordiuary in tl·lh:d ual \' igo r did nut exd ud.t: the i:i l! St'l'Jl f ilJilit il's
•tnd weakn l's~ <·s l1f a jll'l'llliarl.IJ Ji·111i11i11l' orga11iza t io11.
There cxi:sts a colurcll skc lch tl 1i1/ U (,.'/ .I/r s. li nt!J, al.out
this p eriod, g /1·iil!J <111 0 a gli 1111 1su of Ueorgu J•'.lio t i11 lrl'r
g irllwoil . l 11 U1use Fukshill days ,;liu had a 1p1a1 1ti ty of
soft, pale-lJrow11 lrair u ·ur11 i11 ri11 g lets. 1ll'r l11:ad \\':cs 111as sive, her fraL11res p(Jwc:rful m1J l'll gge<l, l11~ r 111ou tl 1 large
but shapely, the: ja w ]Jei:tg ::i i11 gularl.Y ;;qt1:1.r •for ;t wurn an,
yet liav1:11:; a eerlai 11 deli eaey of oulli11 e. A 11e11lral lune
of coloring diJ not help to reli ern t lii s gcnpra] l1 l'al'iness
of structure, the eo111pl uxi on b1·111g 11alu !Jul nut fai r.
Nevertlwlei;i:;, the i1lay of exprc::;:; it>n and tl1 c wo11d erf ul
mol.Jility of l.lr c 111 u11tl1, liaviil!J rn crc11sed wi tli age, ga rn a
wo111a11ly soft11 cs:> Lo tlie (:01llltc:11an ce, in c uri ous contrast
wi Lh iLs frall! ework . J lvr cy<:s, o f :t gray l.J lue, cun :; lantly
varying in color, striking ;;u me a:; iu ten sl'ly 1Jlu1-, others as
of a p~ile washecl-ont gray, were Slllall and 1111 t l.Jcau l iful in
thern:;elvcs; hut !fr1J·1v i11g animatr·d in co11rl'r~ation , th ese
eye>; li t up the whol e: face, i;ce 111i11 g in a :iian ncr to tra11 sfigure it. T hi s was so mu ch tl1c ca,;e, that a young lady,
having once enjoy ed an l1011r' ~ co11l'c:rsati1111 ll'i th her, came
away lln <lc r its spell \\·iLh the imprc:;,;ion l.hat i; ]rn 11·as
beautiful, and aftur ll' anl, on seeing Cc· orgc Eli ut again
when uut lalki11y, :;lie could hardly l.Jeliern her to be: the

l~X0!.1811 CU .lf!'US !'f'/ (J.V l!r ! 'f,'.·I C'f'IC /(

V;1 RIETY OF EX! '!UcSS! ON.

s;u11l· }'e rs,i11.
The· "h;1n11 ,, [ 11\'r 11 a l 11rl' di "d"sl'd itself in
liL·r l!l;11111<·r :11111 h<·r \' (Jll'!' , tiiu (/(/Irr n ·r 11f fi11;1 1 lia t of J>ol' t>tlil':t i111J .. i11L;' " lik u tl1Pr 11 i1·r .. r:iso1il 1l 1;1l. li:1d ullt'l' lir eu
in ;in : Eol ian l1arp.'' lt 1rn~ lull' and dn·p l'il1r:tti11g with
S .1" 11

['al

Pnwticr- i n

:\l>I JITIO ,'UL E\.\ .l ll'LJ·: s OF \' ,\ l\IJ-:TY <II-'
L:\ l 'l{LSS I<) :\.

1.

I

.

Jl ed

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111

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rnpp y : -1
i[

li: 11111 ,c.:
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II 1 ii !'.•.-;

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II' <' 1r i:-'1 1. 11·l' <l<> Ji tlL t·:-<I L·1·11 1 a 11<·11· s 11111il.r 11f iL Thu s tho
\ s 11 1To111 1d i11 g air I .
.
.
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JI
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r 1s 11ot \\'<':tlt li1 11o n l 111ar)·
1·1rl'llill "' l'ill
l' l'S' '
all' 1ll'!l llrll l l S
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a:; w e li:11·e 01111· tn
-

ll11 1s "<'lt i 1w /
l '"
.~ - ;i s 111u c·l1 as we
1

1 a1 11

ll'C .!!('L

1

\\' ]1;!f air 11·(· d o :ll' t 11: 111,r hn·at lit· is t'\l'L'l'<li11gly 11 so) as it c 11 :ti il <·s 11s to l ire: /
f 11 I I
Lut \\"c U:-> 11ally
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l1t'<'lll! S !! it. l\\'l'J' S \I S :iii l'l')
- jl:l .\ - l itJi,} 1
111 g f'11r ii. lH' .. :111 s 1· tl1t· n · is 1il1·11 ly
J 11 a"'" '!' 111111 e,
(';111

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11'1 1,•rt· :i ir l11 ·<·11 1t w '
it
,,-l 1i1 ·l1 ll 1v ,..:1:p1dy Pr air i H '1 '( 1lliL's ii 11 1il1: d
rn:i y lit• n "~: 11 '< l1 · il :1 ~ a 1•:1rt ,,r 11·< ·:il1 l1.
011 tl 1L· o i.li l'r
\ IJ (J t wi t 11.• I ;u 1d i n .~ lli t·.r :tl' l' I
han d , <1i:l. !ll O J1d ~ . '1
r ll lll (' ]i 1··1]1
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an~ 11 ~ 1 'd Jt1r f l ·\\' p11q i ( i ,, c · ~ : tL! ·.\' r iJ.:1k1· 111_' ; 1i1:1:·1i11q · r1;tnH·1d :-: ,
:L11ci 1 . i1l·~· ~ i·1 · \· 1· i•1 1· 111 .::1 :1 , ,_. _ ' I' !:··: :· ii1,.. ::i: \: t l1 11· 1·l1 11 J]\- ;1 1· 1:-- i· :"'

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from t he fad

1
1

u r Ll 1,·11 '" ;111 ii I I
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<'<] lliY ak11t.

f11 r 111s

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adivu f11 r111 n·1•h<·,.,l L y t lie, 1i:1s;; iY1'.

liy th e

== .\

111;t11

1r/;o u·u.,· dis -

din ; c t o r~ .

2. 'l'l1u i11 111t, rali1-. , 111<H11l 111 1•l:1 .. •· ,,f a , ..,:1 i i1 it '""!
1

cL111:--\1'.

1111"'), .. r :111_1· ,0111,s i:rn co

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111 li :ill' . -

Tl 1e

_..\ inan tl'ln>nt tlu; dirc1·{ u1 ·s d i .y1}1u r f1' ·d

Xt>ti,· e tlH' <' <Jl l i1·aic-11L <' Xp r<•ssillJJS 111 tl1<' f11llu11·i11g :

"r"

and usi11g

of ' "'J' l' Pssio11, is "f tl1.-; iii::l11·sl val1w i n l1 · ar11i 1· ;~ !11
write. Tlie us e <>f <'<[Ui\·:.l e 11t fo rms ofteu lJl'c11111t ·s
u eet>ssary lll Cil'll <'r tlia t s:L111 (' n ess ()f c 011 st rndion rnay
b e a1'< 1it1et1 . A f1·w iurth,;r ca:oes ;l i" ' l1 <·r" s11111111ari1.1'<l:

ii}'·

Tl1i11 ;,:-,; 1·a111"' I. lit' (';tl J,·d 11'( ·:il t'1 -I i r 1Ji, .,.
·

d is('nv e r iu~

lf y u t l g i\·t· ti lf• a f 11kn1tt1 l \Yi il :1 ; c1\1 ·
ful c ru m, irn d l wi ll m ove I he 11•Jrid.

!IH· \ ~j·r l o!

0. A prefix e q niYa i<· nt to a 111·;..(;il in•
!To was 11 ot ji1111i l i <1 r 11 i 1ii 1lie ll ll'< ilf"!

=

--

(;~\1 '

111t · :t

:1;<ir1 ·r l.,

IJ.,

1,·:1~ 1111.f(1111ili'lr

with th e met l1 od .

4. Droppiur; the explctin· it or lft,,rr a n i1 lra11spo:; rn g.
Jt is r! edd, ·1!11111 ff•t l c' I'11/ r111 1» li1• !,'.i 11 "ll ' f n 11<l:i\' = .-1 , f ~,. ; , /,., 11 ,:

better 7.J!a11 is t o lJ<:r.;in till M o nday.
'/'h. Pre \ri·r n s1·\·1·r:d u f1il't ' I' :-'. 1i1 · 1· ~ t·11 l

:--:i1·v1·ral 1i1l h :t: rs

\Y1·r~~-

prrse11l.

5. A cbn s0 r0ph('01l l1v :t11 illfi11 iti1" "
J

lh~ \'!'I" f }p Jn~li! /

s!t u11/,/ 1111•1·( lii n 1 u .•/ •! i11

111ert !ii111 11 ur1i11.
l{e illf<.;l!d S tn l'(':t Ch hl'l'l: {o-di! ,I'

work t() -niorrow
(; _

1\

11

==

, 1 ,]11·ri

sn us !11 l>c rP11dy

,i :cl

"h1 1s"

SU

f(ll'

:-::::: I !11'\' t •r t it o \J~! d

/ •1

fit /llfl!J (,. , n •ad y f.,r
wo rk to - tn u lT<>\\ ' .

/ /10 (

r1· 11L: ,.,.,1

\, ,,- :11: :1li s11l 11t 1·

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lfl 11: t:--;j '.
\\'liP ll tli 1· 11 /li rrrs re11,)11·, / l/1 " s11<1I . l i1t· 1; rt 11\l l di.' i"'"~"d = 'J 'ii e

,~!Ti1 ·1 ,...,. r jJ i1 111i;1:1 fli1 '

.\ pr d. tlw cl'll \\·d d h!i l· r:..;, c t L

. ~'

JG

8J\'l.' f . / S// CU.l//'r),<:J'l '!ON

/! Y l'/1',H ''l'/CffJ.
.~· I

l\.11

ctr.11·L \\';u-; 11 st·kss , l1cf'a lis('

ll1t • 11i!1hf.

= '/'li e

llt1_·

s!ur111

!ult/ i11 c 1·1 -'t1 Sl'd f/uriJ' fl

slur111 lwri11:; i 111:rct1s"l d11ri11y

l'll'ort wa.> 11scless.

the uiglit , all

lo ai11 1 al /Ir e 1111111dc1111111·1· 1'./ 11 11 r
:t i I l1 u
ainassing of weallli; l11i t tl1is 111u s l 11ut _111: llli>'l:d, .. 11 ns
m caiiing U1a t we c:l 1u11ld 11<',:.;-l1 ·l'L l o ;w1p11 r,, alt :i .1 0· •111 :d e
snpply o[ the 11nTssaries uf life. \\ L'<t!th , /I i I /r e ,/net
sc11se of Llt tJ 1curd, call du little fu r uur luq1p11ws.,; ;arid 111;111y
rich p ooplujec/ 11117t11;i11.'/ j11sL l1l'cat1st' lhl'y are 11·1tltu11t a11y
n ·111s1·1; 1u ·11/! .11 li:11 t'
t J'llU llll' ll I :1 l C•1111111·..v (lJ' ]\l11111]1 ·d•··v
,,_ , ;irul
llO olijucLi1 u irileresL fl'hic/1. 11·111if,/ q11:dify Ll1u1n fur irll 1·l·
lcutual on;u paLiu11s.
111a111f1:sll.1J a 11·1sl'r cu11rst:

he;tl"h iu11l t he c11ltil'aliun u/ uur Lwt1ll 1u.:;, lLa11

Exr:nc1si::s.
Rewrite tlie follnwiug S8]e diou us ing equivalent
for111s uf expressi" 11 for tlie italil'iZ1'<l ]><trts:
1111ag i11e a 111a11 e11dn 1r"d 11·i1ii ht rnt!c·r111 s lre11 gtl 1 who
ii; n11npdfrd lip t'irc11'/lls / ,111res Lo fullow a H·de n tary 0<'C t1paLion, or to Cll g·:1gu in s t udy or n1erilal Jal.or <{,•1111111di11!J fJ11ilo
other powers, an1l j11>'L 1llf'Be 11·li i"·!t he 1/(Jcs 110/ 11oxs1·s:;1·urnpl'lll'd. tllll L i>', lu / 1•((1'1 ' 1111/ /S f' il I Il l' j>Cl\\'('J'S ti/ ll'h t l'lt itc
i .~ /' l'l"ll1a nc·111.l y Kl ron g ; a 11Jan piai' t•d like th is ll' ill ll(;\'er
thn11t!Jli h is u·/1 11 /11 11/i; j i·d li 111•J1.'f· El'L·r1 m ore lll isera!Jlo
wil l be tlie loL of ll1u n1;tn wil!t i11 tcll uutual powers o f a
l'r'r!J hi!Jit ord er, ll'ho l1as tu lean: Ll11·1 11 1111deH:lo1•1 ·d and
llllL'lllj1l<•y"1l in //11• }' 11/'sl! il 11/' a l';dJing tt hid:. cl11('s ;111 / rc 1;11 i r e thcrn, fW111 e huJily lal io r, ) 11' !'/u rps, for ll'i1ieli liis
slre11!]th i:; i11rn(!ic: ienl. Still, in a rn se nf !!ti:; k111rl, it
sho11](l IJLJ our care, l';;pcc ially ·ll'h r11 _1;111111 _1; , to a\' oid the
prt ·<'ipi n: of prcs 11111p li1Jn , :ir1d not :i~c ribe Lu ourselrcs a
8llJIL'l'll11i t.y of ]Hl\H•r 'trhich is 1111/ lhrrc.
'l'li< : only thi11g tha t ii. lwlioo1·es 11s lo nl'l1iere is to
tlie most adY:rnlag<·o11s nse po!<~ ild u 11[ thu p e rsonal

11!(1/.'1:

quali t ie.-; 11·1: 7i11ss1•ss , a111l a<:cordingly tu fu ll111r such p11rsuit8
onlr as ll' ill ('all flit•11t i11 lo play ; t o ;: f ri 1«· af[ (•1· tlw kin d (1 f
pvrk<.: t.inn of ll'hi('h 1.hl'y adr11i1. m id/" aruid C\' l'ry ollrer.
Th e refo re the p os ili ur1. OCl' ll ]'a tiun . ;111 d niann er of life
'tt!ticlt arc ·m o0t s11ita/Jle fo r their de rl'l oprncnt s hould he
chosc1 1.

~in ce th e hless ings dL·sc rili cd 1111d1·r Ili c las/ li<'f11! dt•f'iil cdly ontwc igli th1Jse co11l:1in u [ ur1.l1•r the otlil'l· two, it/,,

ltell'ril.u tl1u folluwiug, 11 si 11 g m; ll.lilll.)' "Cf11i1·;11.·11t
forn1s of i:x pression :ts possililu.
THE CONSTANCY OR INCONSTANCY OF' EMPLOYM E: N'J'.

·wh cu a n1au is sure of !ic ing cr11pl oyt•1l a11d paid l'l',~11Lirh
:dl Lit e y .. ar l".lll I1«l, li 1; is llsllai ly 11 iiling 011 ti1al a L·cu 11 11t Lu
1
.. Ju II' \' I' 1""tl'
l'i111.' L!Jn., 1.-; li ti lc d 1il 1c 11 lty
a1'Cl'jl I, ;i,
., . t•~ <i 1'' \\"[•f1•,;
• n · ·
j 11 }; 11gh111l ir 1 Ji11di11g Jll l'il l.u liu poli1·e 11_11 ·11 at a l.., 11 t.
f. in .ril.l'-fil·u sl1illir1gs a ll'Cek; for tl11J11gl1 ())(')' ll<l\l' t •.• g" ••II
iliil. y ;;t nig liL and l11c.:ir 1n11·k is ufl, ·1 1 fl'tli1;11s a11d di.".:Lgrct~able, yet p0Jice1 11e n are uearly su re Lo l1ar e er11J>l11y11 1e11t as lu11g as they belia\'e Wt•ll. A lirli'khyi·J', <•11 t Ji .,
co nt.rarl', is Hlll1t ·I in1c•s t lHO\l' ll 011 L " f, wn I·k , :Li ll! llt·1·11Jtl ' '-i
aiixi1Jll; as 111 t.!1 1, m1·ar1s uf k1·1_·l'i11g l11s L1111ily . ,\l:. .~"11 .-;
and hr ickla,)' L· J'., , ll'iio L':t1111o t. ll'urk d11ri11g fn•~ i y \\1';1 [ 111·1-.
oiw lil. uf L:u11 r;-;('. l•J hare l1igli1_·r wa.~ c;-; d1 1r1 11g tlw 1·c ~ L ,,(
tli; year, so :1s to n1 ;1ke up a good average. Dock -lalior,·r:o:,
who are si 11ip l} ~1.rong rn en witlt\' :1L a11y part11't1hr ;;k1l~.
ear 11 J:ir.i:•• ll':ip;Ps \\'hPn tr:ttlc is Lrisk an d Jn:llly >'l11ps ('(i1 111•
l· l l t10 t)
. I ec1l
,
c' 1-]·s
'· ·' ~·1!. t-it her t.illll'S
- ' wlicn tradt· 1,:; ,Jal'k, ut 11 .il<'li
l'Olllrarv winils kerp ,]rips 011! nf port . lh(•y nfl1'. n fall 11it1l
Lll'stit11 Liu 11 tl1 1.,111 gli 11a11L uf t·111pl<>y111c1Jl.
1

?.·-'·4 .
:-..·

;:-,.

38

]Cj\'1;u.-::11 UU Jl/'IJS/T/IJ.\ ' /! r

l 'l: : t CTJ C!t.

Tt. is assn111t>11 Ll1 a t tl11• J•npil lws 11er: 11 gt\'1•11 praeti1·1, i11 1Hit.i11g rq1 ro1luc!io 11s, as din!clt!d 1l ll pagu ~::,
] 11'.--d1·ad 11f r e pr11dud.ions, i11eo111plete storieH 11r i11 e i1lu11Ls ari. now iuse rted. Lf•t. the pnpil rea1l tlw follnwi11g incn1111ill'te story, r e pr()(lnee it, and ill\·1!J1t a el(>s(I
'' l1i1'. h sl1ali eo11tai11 at le ast '.WO words. H n sl111nld
i111agi110 Jii111s1'lf present, i1 1t<'r11 stetl and a111u sr~<1, s eei11 g al l t.liat J1 ;1ppP11 s. Ju tl1is way sngge::;iio11 s will
n·adiiy co111e lo l1i111. He sl1"1dd ::;l:ieel tlie ::; trik i11 g
J>< •ittl .s , t .. 11 tl11:s" ,·i1· idly, a11d J.. t wl1 ateYe r lie writes
l rn i11 goml Lash :. C:iYe Ll11• story, wl1PLt fi 11i sl1<'d, a
s11ital1ln 11arnt'. To sl11111· wl 1;ii dill't'r"11t e 11di1 1gs 111ay
br: i11Y e11te 11 a1111 lo ;uld i11tnl'st to Ll11 : \\'orl<, Id snveral
of tlic prod11din11s lie l't'ad l1dore tlie «lass.

VAR!F:7'Y OF lt'.Yl'HICSS! ON.

wnrl\ ctl. The old larh Louk ilie lll'llow,.;, a111l pulling air
iu to li er f;Lce as tl 1e ..l1~rk liad sh"w1 1 hl'I', 11·as "" dvliglttt:ll
wi th tl 1e l!CW fan that s it e in11nl'diat<·ly p11n·l1asL·d it, 11ol
even as ki11g :t single questio11, :llt1l dvjl:t.l'll'll.
'' Jt was the custom i11 tl 1ose <lays, in HJ>ars\·ly sdf.l l'tl parts
of the eo1111 try, to hold n·l igio 11 ,; Sl' rri L'<'S i11 sd1ou l-li1111seH.
The old bd y knew that I.lie f11ll"wi11g :-l1111day wa st he unc
of' LhaL niunLh wl1c11t.!te111i11i ,;t .. r, wl10 ca111e frn111 a d1 ,;t a11 ec,
wonld i•rl':tt;h in Lite ;;ehov l-ho11 ::;c two miles fru111 It.e r home.
~lie rcsull·L·tl to alLCnll, :Lrtd Lake with her the 11ew-f:tslt11mcd
fa11.

"The cnngrcgation had a::;;;e 111lik<l. and the rni11i sl<'r wa~
n ·:i.ding t he fir~ t hyllln 1rlt .. 11 lhe old lady L'llLered,andJook
a ::;e :Lt ,,·ell tow:mls the 1'rn11t ... "

LOST.

'f
',

"Ma11y }Pan; ago i11 a (11\1•11 11[ \\' <'sle rn \'irgi 11ia, an 11ld
bely fro111 t.he count ry 11·('11t io a sl 11rv lo 111:1kl' ;L l"·w p11rclias1 ·s. \\' hile l111yi11p: Llte few ar l il'll's s ll(' 1ri ..;l11"!, sl10
ph·d the derk wi lli •111c·slio 11 s. J l e a1 1s 1r"n·d :ill tlil"'" •jll<'stiun s, 111any o f whi ch Wl're lif'1'<ll""'' · wi t l1 "'"' 11 1i11gly tho
gn·atest patiu11:0, lhoug!t lie f111111d f lia l it w:is f;iki 11 g him
t hree Lirnes as lung to sc•nc the lady as it. 111igl 1t., 1rc1·0 s l1 0
less i11qui sitin:. J\L las t, hl'r fow Jlllre lia,.;t·~ 11·e rt: \l"l':t}'/> l'd
up a11d sl1c L11r11C'1l lo g:o. Ol1~l'n· i11g, l11111·r: r l'r, a 11 v11' pair
of pain t r·d lwllows h:111gi11g Ly a j><>s l, Hhe i111111irl'd wliat it
\1·as. Th e l'l l'rk, jll'r<·eiri11!-( tl1at till! old lady 1ras ra f.l1t:r
ignor:rnt . a11d being so n1dl1i11g o( :•wag, i11fnrn1vd l1l'r f.11at
it was a 11 ew -fashio11l•d f:t11, whil'h hnd Ltlt·ly l1\•e11 r<'<Ti1·vd
from th e J•:ast. J\ t l hl' sart1l' I i1 11t• '11! lt•()k tile 11\·lluw,.; d"wn,
and pullin g wi t h it i11 liis fa"'" told lil·r 1IJ:ti wa,.; r lte way it

":-len:ra.l yum; ago, :L litLJ1, gi rl W<'llL t.o f IH• lil' l'-0 °l'lol'k
Hl'l'Vii:u al a. yjlJag" ehnrl'.!1 in J~11gla11d . ~!11· to11k a Hl':tt
alonr: j 11 a liigl1 ol d- fa,;lii11 111'<l puw in tl1e g; 1ll1·n·. a11d d11rin« t he Ht: rvi ce full :;011nd :1s.i<'L:jl --- Ho so1111d, i11dt'l :il , fl1at. th1:
Hu~vin: u111l1:1l, f.IH : cungn·gat. io11 rd .in·d. t.hl' ligh ts 11·<'rt: p11I.
ont., t IH: doom -.i- c ru <:losl'd arnl lut:kl'd. and sf ill ,; IJ,. ,;]1·pL u11.
The pare nts of Llw li t.Llo g irl di1] 1101. know s l1u l1ad go 11 c
lo i·hllrclt, and whl'll s11p pl'r-t 1111 e r·:1 111 e and Ll1!•1r d:11 1glikr
did 110 t, c11111 e l10111u, th"} IH'<':t 111 c alarmed ..
Corn l'ldc this uarraLi \"I' ns in g
11·11rt1 ,.;.

1111 t

l!'ss Ll1au ~~:)

ONE OF MY DREAMS .

w:Ls :Lt home. li11t in :1 h0111L' whi ch is 11nt 111 _v own. :rnd
whi ch J do nut k11 "w. :)nl'ral ot' t he roo111.· \\" l'l'C brilli:rnt ly

40

J.:,yu us11 cn.1n•osn ·1 0.v n y f'U .'1 r"nr:g.

l i .~ld1·d.

011<· ,,f il11·111 was \"!·n· l:i1·g, ., :111.J I iit"ru 11' <.: r~: 1111rr1•r:< , n·:wltin"· fr11111 l111ur f •J q·ili11 ,g. '' " :ill sidl'" .,r it. l'l"l'll ,
if St'('/ii t'd , ill i l1t· :-' jl:Li't 'S il ('l'l/ j>it•d l1y f iit• ll"i11d11\l'.'i. ;\ ,'..; l't':l t
111111illt'r 11 1' }'''"l'J,. l \'l'rt • d:111 1·i1'.'..'.- """Jli n g i11 p1 ·rft.<"t ~ 1 1 ·p fu
11111 :<i1· 11·lii1 ·lt I 1·111 ild 1101. l1t·:t r, 111111'.~li J Ji .-;l1· 11 t·d i11tt·1it.il·.
l t'lll ""'"' I lit• J'll!llll ' . . .
·'

I 111·1·11 t tl1" r1 •:-d. uf t.!1t· tln ·a111. 11 s i11 g
A

DEM A ND

ro·on

:!()()

Cl IAPTFR Ill.

l\'(IJ"ds.

VAHTETY OI•' REN'l'ENCE-FOJi;\1 .
JU S 'I'l C .C:.

Jn OJW OJ till~ n]<J <' il i<':< of fl:ih, t.J1., ki 11 g <';J/l ' t"l a
to 1Jc lrn11g in :t lL\\rrr i11 r111e <>[ llit: p11ldi e '" Jll:1r1 ·'·
c:ille<1 it the " Ht·ll nl' .T 11 s fi<'l·, " :11 1d 1·111 11 11 1:11 1dt·d tl1al.
Oil<! who h:ul l)('t 'n 1non!:;e1l ~l1 111ild ri11g tl1 " i1L·ll . lo
f l1 u 111agist ra te 01 th e eity, fr o nt wlt u!ll li e 111i g ltt a ~ k
l" l'C t' i YU j ll 8lii'l'.

ilt'li
ll u
a 11 y
ca ll

a1J J

l 11 t lit~ r 111ir;;1' of f i nw, I Ill· l1JW!'r t·11d tJf l.h10 lwll-rope
rottu1l :tll'a\· :111.J a 1ril d r i1 1" 1ras !. it•d lu it t 11 ll! 1wl l1 t·11 it
U11c day :; "l a n ·ing ()l1l l1 •Jr,;u f ii:ll liad l1L't' 11 :il:1.11du11t'<j
liy Iii~ <m 11" r :111d ltll'll<:d 011!. lu dit· .• ll'a11d erud int o t he
I <111·,·r ....
C() 111 1il1 •l 1• t.l1i s st<>ry , 11s1 11 g FiO wo rd s.

EXCL A~l ,\ Tl<>N

A N D JNT l·: tUW G,\ TIO N .

IN the pa.rngraplt h e l<111· c l1an gP. t l1 1 ~ s o 11 L(' lll' Cf4 to th e
e.ccltwwlo ry or tl 1t: ·i11!1•rmy11ti u1· fo rm a" i11 tl il·:d,f'd l1y
th e al1 b r cviatious Lefore eaeh se 11 t1·11t· fl . Note tlt c gain
i11 force.
Kr. Oarrt> Ls ar c 1klici11 11 s j'l:it :t·s f11r p1·<1pl1• .,f t lto11gh t f11 l, i111:1 gi11alirn t1·1111'n:1111 (•1d. lut . * l·:r1 ·rr on1 ·. in lht· twili ght day;; o[ 1; hildlw"d , has lu1·l'd a _!:;a rr ut, wil Ii ils l'ndlvs~
sLo rt·s o[ q11a i11I , casl-(Jff, s 11 g.~t· s lir e :111ti<p1il_r - old worlll ea le ll c h\'sts, ri e kl'l _I' 1·l 1:1i rs, IH iX t·s a11d l' :1...; k s c·on111 1i11g lin g .
r111I. of wliit·lt, wiLl1 t.i11y • .. J1ildi s li h:lllds, 11·u ti s l11·d WP l1<lnf'1tl l!1111.rd s of rain· ln ·as1 1n·. l·:.r. \\ "() 111:1<1 ,, 111 0 11rst·l1·.. s
pt•t·p-lwiL·s and lii d i1 1 .~-l'la<·1·s :t11d undi ~ <·o 1· .. r: 1blt' rl'ln·:th,
ll'li c ru wu s:t L re jo icin g in 01 1r lit'l'tlrit y, :u1d biddi1 1g dt'lia11 ce
t o tlic Ya _g111" di st a nt. l' l'_I' wl1il'l1 s n111m n11r1l 11 s (1J st·h•Hd, " r
t.o s11111t ! 1111 s:11·ory un·1-y-day task . E.c. Th e ra i11 •·:u111• p:d i. l' ring d l'l ii: iou s ly 0 11 Ll 18 rool' OH'I' our lH':tds, vr t ht• n·d
Lll'il ight sl rL':ll11t·d in at I.bu wi11tlow , whil n ir e ,.;:it snugly
Cl lSCO ll Ccd O\'Or Lliu dt:lighl 1' 1tl p :t _!.;l'::l 11 ( Sllllll! l'Olll:tll('L!,

4l

f,' i

lt'1\'r; us11

I'

I

cr1 .1n•os1n()x 1. r /'R.-1r rrr·g

11·itlf'li r.,·m·/'111 a111il ~ li:111 pa (' kC'd a11ay at. fi ll' l111f lo rn of all
tlt111gs, to I ll : S lit'( ! \\ '( ' s l1011 ld 11 r1·1·r n' ati it..
l'O~!Bl:\li\"G ::;E?\TENCES

J·:X E !{('!::-ES.

1\Iake into <111e SP!il.t• 11 c· P, t11c s P1d1•1H·fJs inc:loset1 bet11·1·<:n t11 c se 111:1.1ls I:

r

I I rt'/' . fon11 \\';I~ Mlll:tll a111l sli ,!..;lif. ll('J' /'(';1[11n·s \\'(•J' e
.11·r 111 k 1,.,1 11·11 It a !..'. t!. 'l'IH: hunk11 of .. ig lily .r":tl'.-< liad llot
111 11i:11n" I 111'1' g r:lt'it> tt.-< >' 1ttil1:. I I. !tad 11 11 t l"·'"' llt'd lit e fir("'
I'
I
,
<>i
tl'I' <'.I'<"'· Tl11·y \\'t'l't! tltt ! 1·ft.:11«·.-; I, Ll11 · l1ri g lit 1•s t, a 11 J
t.11 .. 111 ....; t. ~t·an·l111t"
I l1·L1·1·
j 'l 'I it'\· \\ ·e r e s 1110"u
·
.~
· ~ l ,,'l'l'I' ·' "''It . /
l.arly <Lirk - ]'O>i il.in·l y Ll:lt'k fht>y st·t·n1t'd, ;t ~ tl l<'\' l<Jol:e<l
lt•r l 11 an11111g l':1.rel'11l ly-t rai11t•tl t 1·,., ,,.s .,f lti ·r 0 ,;.n wlt ite
11:.tir. 'l ' l11 ·y :tl1.'<> l11 tl'l y f'.j1: 1r kl<·d 11·ltj)., s l1t! ~l'uk e o f I. hose
" ' \\'lt11111 sl 1n 11·as I.lie 1·1·111• r:dt ·d li1 1k l"'t. 11'<'l'l l t Ji" 111 .1.,, 1•11 t
:11 111 1.111 : lo ng p:i,; f. / I il1 ·r 111a111 1.. 1· "ii 1· nl 1·ri1w t li t• rnom
.\\';i s p11s il ir t: ly s pri .~· l1 lly. It w:1 s l111 : sa 11t t' ll'l tilt' "" lil'<·rs111 .!_'. . a11d a t 11111· tl1•p:1rl 11 n •. I / ~h" l rip/ll'd ah•H tl fr 11 n 1 c 1111 _
sol.1 ! lo c n11 sol1', l'ro1n ll'i11duw ii) 1ri 11 tlnw, f 11 s li ow 11 , ;; 0 111 0
lf!lt 1 lt a t, IJOl'l : :t 11a111 1: i111 11 1o r ta l, ,'i11J11u ..J1 1·ri s lt .. t1 r1:111 j 11 .J ,,r
uf O( her d :1._ys - :t! 111 usL ul' :l/1 o l!I<; r \\'orld, <'Crlai riJy of 11 11 _
of IJ(' r a!..'.e .
'l'l1ey ll'l'l'l : 111(•11111 ri<'s nf t hosu ll'lios~ dt!atlis
'VOI'l' n·gi s tc n·d hl'f11n• tl w [>n•,;f• 11t. f·1·11 l 11ry li:ul 11ir t11. /
Sh e was
cLid, f 11·1·1! r1•1111·r11lll'r
in •., rii·li 1·11.t ·s~
· ,, r· p<'a·
•
•
,
:'-i1'1•1•1 1 ~ilk. I I L \\'as a11 odd wl1i111 . Tl1(: dr t•ss ('Ollfr;i,;(,·d
so1111•1rli: ~L rn)t/ lv
ll'il 11 l11· r i•·• tf r i·m·l
·
) ]
1•·11 ,' I.-"l ~ .· 1111 J 't·1u
J
•
·n 1 , e
C111111k11:1.111·1·, yd ll' :Js i11 liar1111111y ll'i l h flit: \'Olttlt of lll•r
s l1·p ar;,J l11 ·r i11nc;as i11.!..'. 1·ir;lt'itr. :1s situ iaiiglr ed aiid
c !t al11·1:. ('h::tl1·tl :1111! l.,1 11 .gh1·tl , lrl'.r 1·1.i i<'c sl.ro ii g . a nd clear
i ts Ll1:1 ~ of •t g irl.:
~

'VA Ul!t 'l' l' OJI' 8ft'N1'B:NCfi:.Ji'OllM.

43

fWl1 c 11 I lwd :;w ept Lite ruom a11 1l lai1l e vcryt.ltin g i11 its
place, l we11t into t he ga rde n. .I had :• hon i11 ha nd, lo
weed tho b< :d s and trim the Lord crs. -1 j 'J'hc gardl' n \l':t.S
uot very big, it i,; trne. It produ ced, li o\l' c 1't· r, many t hin gs
suitable for us. It was a fertil e st rip of groun d, ant!
pla11t ed i n t:i·ery par t u[ it.l rKow su eh was tl1 e lx·:w ty
of tlt c mornin g a11 ti th e soft11e::::; o[ t he air l lt at. 1 j•l'! 'Sl'lil ly
forg o t the \\'Ul'k aLont whi <.:11 1 liad e"I ne into tl1e g:trd<'n.
.l sat tl11wn in lite :; ha11e u pu 11 a Ul'l l(; l1 and s11il\ ·n·d 111 y
tho ught. tu wander hi Lliur :rnd tl1it her. -J ] pi ty tl 111,;e p oo r
folk i 11 to ll' n s w It o can 11 0\'l:r sit i;om ew !1t•re in th e R11 11 slii ne or tlte shad e, whil e Ll 1e cat.lie luw i11 Lite 1m· adu 11·~
a11t1 tli u 8lllllll1 e r air 11 1akes lite kav e1; ru s tk. 11,:r ery
m o r11i11 g w1Je11 J :t!'OSI.', this Rpt·c La(:Je ol' llaf lll'l:·s glad lll'.~8
was prcsentetl to my eyes. J\ut e1·e ry 111ur11i11 g '" 'ttld 111y
spir its ri~e Lu 11 1t·d alll1 greet it. l\ut er .. ry 11111rni11g c1111ltl
I fot·l thi;; s pt:dade calling aluud fur a hy11111 of pra i,;e. l

Cu1nhi11n ''ac li uf the folluwiu g jl<tr:i.grnpl1s iulo fiy o
soutni1l'l'S:

'l'h e lov<: of' b<Joks fo r t.lw ir own Rake, f'nr t.h1· ir paper,
pri nt. l1i11di11 g, a11d for their :1ssociafio11s, a;> dislirll'L front
the l u\'e uf literat11n~ . is a 8Lru nge r fl llll 111o ru 111 1i1l'rsal
passion i11 Fr:t11ce titan t·be wh1•nJ in Europe. I11 E11gla1 1tl
p11 Llish i.: r.,; are men of l111 si11t'8S. Jn France 1•11 lili .-; lins
asp ire to lie arti s t~. Jn E ng land people bo r row what t!t t·y
re:ul from th e lilor:Lri c·s. 'J'liey take what ga 11 t!y ..Jut.h l.Ji11di11g clt;u11 :e clt ou:-;es tu seml t.liu111. l 11 Fra111·r· pt'lij>le
liuy l111o ks. 'J'ltey liaro tl1,:1n l1011n1l to llll'ir lil':trt.'s d1 ·sire
wi th , 111ai11 t a nd 11ai 11 ty dt:l'ict:;; 011 th o 111urocc:o l'<>l'f •rs.
Hooks aru li ft.-long fri l' 11tls i11 t. ltat c11111tfry. 111 E11gl:L1ld
t lt uy are t he g ttt:st:; uf a wee k. 01· a f111'L11i ~ !tL

4-J.

l~'.\.(,'/, /SJ! CO. lf/'OS/7'/l!N It 1' /•t:.·1(!'/'/ CJ/C.

My fatlil'r liatl lit•f'1 1 w:tl k in .r ill l .

l l
]I
'
·'"'
.t11 1 • ow11 111 0 mo
t' 11ow i1·1·11L <>11L iJJlo t lit· li ·1ll t
t I.
,
m.
.
·
o illl't· . 11s "l lt·st .
Tl
a I t .. r a JJJ OJllt·iil ·, d ·I· . ti
·'"' · '·
i on
1
.
·
' ")
I t ! 'orir 0/1t'11 "cl wid e
Tl ,

I ,

g c' JJ f km t•JJ l '< llfll~ j 11 • 'J'IIf , \ . Il 'f I 'L l 11.
le •WO
I )' ·
.
Iii 1ll' lady. pal1• with t" .. . ·I . . 1'
.'.)', 'L' ll'a f,(,, sc1·1011 s
.
.
'
.Jll, s 1:11g 1l li:11r, :111 d s it " l
;-.; 1" ' 1111 .g lil lia1·e l11•v11 a Iii I le: lll'<·r 1 liirt .
'I ' . 'l' y ryes.
111 a lil tie l1:t1'<""c dr('s,.; ll'if I . . t. t , .)f-_ . Si c was drrsscd
'
.- ,
I .J. p.i (' I Ii ()
Lu 11 l <Y" '
:-il 11: l'll l<.J i·ed in mi Ltei, .
_.
.
. ,, 1ccm moss.
.
l.' Iii •' I 1l'IJ('!', Ill 8( '/'JOllSIJl'" .
I H'arls were Lea tin" ir 1·t I "I
.
.ss , ou r
"'
I \I I t 1 t'Xf· Jf l' Jllt'JJt
'/'I 11· ,ti
t he :rnthore~·
'J
'l
·
.
.
l
"
·
s
. io n was
11
11
"~ ·
· ~ :i s I ie 1111k11ow
h:Hl spt all Loncl,)JJ talki11 cr n"1d· "n. pnirt•r ~v 1iosc l10oks
.. . l I . .
,..., . 111 ...,, .-; pec 1tlat.11w. Ji was
0 1·01 I S.i
I<
I \ SllJJl C jlCOlll" t j · t ·
/' )
,-, b k
•
" · l.l Ollr at Jt· r wrot<· tl
lli e 11·u11dvrl' id Loo k ~ .
, ie oo ·s-

DfHE('T Af-:D l:\DJ HECT N.\ 1m .\TIO N

Study tl1c follo w ing exam 1ilcs of Narrat.inu:
ll1/i f-:(''J' ,
f .\

!

.~'•

i.

IE

·•

I~

Tl i" 'll!':1k ,· r i11 ic·rr1il' l" d
?llr. (:rt'L:li t'. s:1yi11.g : .. Yu li
li:t rl· L11'< l 111i1111I"·' 111111 .... ;\r('
I.lit· rt : 1111!. ~11 111 i, " ' I it· r f«·:1t111·t·:; uJ' t lit' 11·11r k ll'iiit·IJ )'Oil
u11 g l1L lo )l llL lwt'ort, ·Iii(·
l llt 'l ·Ii".'..:' :"'

JIJ J( f·:IT,

Tit,· ~ i't·:ikL· 1· i11 tt·1T1ipt.ocl
l\ lr. (i1'!·t· 11 ,._ ~: 1ri11 g Llia t l1 0
11ad. t ll'o 111i1111!1·s 111 on" :1.11t!
:1., lu 11 g it' t li1 ·n1 ll' t·re Jl( i t
sn nH~ ol'11·r l't'i tlllrl's (•f t ho
\\'11)'k
. \\' 11 i1·l1 li(• "'""Ii
·'"' l t,() Jill 'L
11\'fo re t.!1 .. lli t'l'I ill"
\\'h e 11 I <·allrd.
Hro wn
.I
..;a11 <'t 11 pliatic:tlly lhilt. ho
.
1ro 11 1t1 lio l. 1•n• 1J <·o ns idl'I' th o
lllal.lt•r at t.!1:1L Jail' duy.

;r"r.

\\' 11 1·11 I l':illt-d. j\f r. Hro\\'11
said l'lll)lh:tl il':il/_1'. '· 1 wi ll
lloL L' \'u11 l'l •il >id c• r t.he nia tlf'r
a t U1i H lalu day . ..
.
Direct and Ind irect Na .. t .
.
J. ' ll a ion. --. / h 1 ·ect nana t i01
,.,. .
the tliought of auothN J"· n :-; i1"" t.l • . . 1 ,..,nes
· n
10 l e1y words

VA JUIC1T OF Sh'lv"f'h'N C/\'.l'OU:l!.

4G

spokeu; 1"wli r l'd lt:ll'l'a.li n11 g ives ll ie tl1ou g l1 t , l111t 110t
th e exact wonls, .,f I.II(! s1H•a.kt-ff.

H.ewrite th o folJ.l\\·i11g, 111 al i11g Llio n:irr:Lti"n din·d
i11 all pbc e:-; tliat :ttl111it of it. (:i"" Ll1 e carpl' t1Lt•r a
ticLiti" ll S 11:.LntO.

At

:t timo wh en Sir

lii ehard Strl'l u 1r:i;:; lllllf'h i11 1l'rill theatr ical afT air ~, h e l111ilL for l1i111 s<· li' a 11ri1·ate
the:it. re, :rn <l IJeforc it 'l'<lS o pe ned to !ti ~ fri,·1111 ::; a 11 d gttt·s t ~ ,
he was nn:x ion s to t.r.r wh ut lll' r t he l1:dl 11·as \\'l'll :td:iptet1
for henring. Accnnl i11glv. he plact••I hi1m(:!f' in Urn 1rni,:l ·
remote part or t.hu gallery . and l1egged I.li e l«lrjll'lil t r wlt ti
had bu ilt tho h o11 Ru t.0 slH'ak 11p frlJ 111 t li e sl:tgt'. 'l' hl' 111a 11
at first ;:;n i<1 Lhal li e was 11na<·< : 11 ~!0 1111 ·d In p11lili c ~ p1·a ki11p:,
and did nnL 1"10w wh:tL t" say t... hi s hnno r ; li11t. t ht, gr.ndnaturetl. Si r H id1:inl 1:alkd <rnl lo him l.u 1<ay ll'ha lt•\'l1r 11·a:;
u ppermos t in l1i:; mind. Afte r n 111u 11H·11l tl 1e <'ari'Pntc ·r,
loo king ' lin,ctly :LL S ir Hil'!1a rrl , li P.i:;:i.n in JL rnil'o p•·rf.. ..tly
a11dihil', say in g ll1aL for t.hn·e 1nonLl1 s pa.st. 11 0 and Iii.-< 111 .. 11
had 1Jee11 Wlirki11g in l.li:tt t.heaL re and Lliat. ll1l'_y l1:1d 11t•1t·r
scell the colo r o[ Ii is l1onor's 111 u11 <'Y; and t.!1at. t l1l'_I' \\'<111 l.J
Lo very mur.h obliged if li e would pay Ll H·1n dirl'..t ly; for
:111til lit' di1l so, t.ltey \\'011ld noL driru :u10Llll·r n:ii l.
:::lir ){icliard n •pl it·cl Ll 1aL liis .fril·nd':; cloc11tion was perfect, lrnt I.hat li e di d 11t1I. 1·c ry 111 11t:!t lik e lii,; i:; nl1jt·cL.
c~tcd

Rewrite th o follo wi1ig tal'', c lt ang i11 g i t to i'1t(lirect
Compare Llie Lwv aml d eciJe wl1id1 is tlJC
more viYiJ .

narrati011 .

Iii

47

b.'.N U /,]8 1/ UU ,lfl'U S/'l 'IUN if)' L'IU U'l'J CLC.

YAUTH: '/'J ' Off' SP:NTh'.\'('gJ;"tJ/:.lf.

TH E DUIGIIT SUN IlUINOS ON THE DAY.

n J ew, whose ]a>;t wonlR liatl lJ(]cn, " Th~ l.r igl it, s11n l 1 rin~s
'l'h;tt !ll tJ!"l1i 11g Ilic >i ttn had da11cc·d 1111 tlw
011 th e clay."
wall withon t co11 Lin11i11g L11 crc, a nd t hat ]1;u1 n ·111i 111le1l li illl
of tl~ e Jew 's worc1s ; bn t he ],egged l1i s wire lo ;my Iii il hing
of the m~~ttc r to an y 0 1w. As soo n, l1 011·eHr, as he sat
uow n to work, lt iti wife went iu h l'r co usin and br:l ray(·d.
the secret to 11or, 111aki11g Ji c, r pro111i ;;u to t,·ll J1ll l1utl y. Jn
three clays' ti me:, h oweYor, the eo n sin lold st1 t11 u one. ebu, and
80 it wu11t on till Lhe wl111le to wn k11 c: w it; anc.l the la:l"r
wn.s take n before lhc j11tlgc and comlcurn od. 'l'lius, tlie
bright sun brou ght on the clay.*

. ;\ tail. 1r's jo11rn1,y 111a11 was tra111pi11g alH1 11 t th e coun try
111 s1·ard1 o f work, ln1 t 11 011 0 r·1.rnl d IH: li11d; and hiH poverty
ht>l': t111 (• w g r1.'at that he had llPt a farlhi11g- Ln 8pe11fl. Ju st
at tl 1a.L Li niu ht: 111l'L ;t ,ll' w 011 tl1i: road, antl dt·al' t, 0 tl io
l' <1i l'e tlf c11J1st: i1·11 1·r, hl' 11·t·J1t. 11 p lo hi 111 , !1\·c·at1tic lw tliOli"lit
he had 111 n11 ry, and ~ t i zi 11 g lii111. <Tit'd 0111, .. Ui rn 11 10 V ~llr
ll lllllt'.\', Or f will tal\1• _1·.,11 1· li ft:! "' ":-\pan· Ill } Jjfl'!'' C11trc:tLc1]
t li1.· .)(•\\','·for I li a\'l.! only l'ig l1 t fa rtl1i11 gs." B11t tl 1u tailor
:<aid, .. Y011 hare rnorn"1" and 1 wi ll liavu i t;" a1Hl li e beat
t li.: poor .J pw till l1 u 1ra;; :il11 1 o ~t 1lt:ad. H11l lidnre ho expin•il U1c: ..Jew nit·d, ·' 'l' li1.' l1rigl 1I. ~1 111 lni11 gs "ll t. hc day,"
and d 11.'ll 111111lt:d1at.c· ly. 'l'lil' tail11r. tl11·n·11po11 , scarcli ud L] 10
jl<w kl'i.s ol' his \'i 1.:t i111 , ;111 d 1'111111d 1111tlii 11 g h11 t th e uitrht
0
f;1rthi11gs 11·liiclt tl 1e ..1 1:11· l1:1d 1111·1dio1t l'd . :-; 0 lit• to"k 11 p
t Ill· l1"dy and tlt row iL :tll':1y a 11 1"11g llie IJll ~h1 ·s . and then
\\'1•11 t fartl 1l' r ill St':ll'c]1 uf \\' 1Jrk. /\ ff1 ·r he Jia.J f f":Ll' OJl ci! a
l1111g di .-t:tJ H'l'. l1u l':WI O t u a l' ily. 1rl1 t·1·1· 11 0 \\':I S l' ng:1g·1·1.l by a
111:1 ;; t1: r f:ul nr . who had a pn· lt r d;111 .~ ) ifl'I'. 1[11 · Ill, niani cd,
:111cl ll\·l'cl J11;rn y .1·1' an; i11 g r1.·:il. l111pj1 i111•ss. ( l11 c 111nrniiw
111,'11'('\' li l', a:< t he l111slm!id w:1 s ,.; j t tin~ :if, I. Ii i· ta li! ., l,y t, l~~
11·111d"w'. 111s wi fe lirougl 1L liim l1is l'<1il't·<·; :1111] j 11 st as Ji o
JH 111rod 1L 111 the :<:111cc r l" d rink , t he liri .~ h t s1111 s l1 on r in on
1L :i i I li e op1· n 11·ind 11 w, antl 1la11l'cd 111 1 t 11 0 <•Jil'""it e wall in
1·1n ·ll'~ . 'J'lit·n·1q11H 1 tl1t) t:iilor j111111w.J up a11cl c: ri cd, " It
would lir in g <i n l11t· 1] :11" l.11 L it c:u1n ot! "
'· f lmr J11 1sl1:tlld , wh.:t L do yo 11 J11t •: u1 ··-- whaL is it. !'" asketl
!tis 1rir,., .. 'l'liaL I darl' 11t1 t ft·ll .1·1111,'' lu : rq 11it•d. Jiis
11·i 1"1·.' lio1r eq·r . f1·a "·ll l1i 111 , :llld s11"k" s1 1 rvry atl'i ·l'f i11 natcly
l.11 111111, ~ay 111 g s!tl' 11·.,1 dd ll'l l 11•.t l1i11g al111 11L ii, t h:1 L at last
11(; I 11ld ht •r. j f ,. ' ':11,1l i l1aL
I
rnanv r1 •ar,.; a~ 11, 11'111·1 1 11 0 was
trar el lin g a b11 11 f f.,r 11·11rli , :1 11 d l1ad 11" 1111J111·y, l1u liad killed

PEH!Onr c ANO LOOSE S ENTENCES.

Notice tl1 0 1·.l1 :1.11 gn of strnct11ro ill tl1t\ fol11111·in g
paini of :-;e 11 tu 111"' ":
'l'h c rC'p11li li1 : wi L11c·ss.. d
tlw hoi sting n!' i li 1.; l1l'll ~ and
clock-work, :un id ;-11 pt: n or
show s and jHJlllJI"· honorin g
the tu wc: r a 11d it,; liuild er
wi t h a lwli11ay.
'J'li o a.rt of wri t. i11 g is th o
metho< l by w h i(:h a s j1eak ur
or wri t.e r brings n11 t t he
t hon gh (,::; tha t i rn p rpss Iii 1n ,
in won] ~ \l"nrl.h y ol' hi s s ulijcc(; :rn1l snfli 1· ient. r.. r lii s
am]i<.;n cc: or r eaders.

lfonnring tlic low (•r a11 tl
it.:< l111ild er wi th a holid:t.y,
t he rnp11 l1lic, a n1 id HllJH'ri or
s how s a11d po111ps, \\' il11t'''"d
t lie hu isLing "ft he lwlb a11cl
l' lol'k -w11rk .
Tile 111\'Lh od l1v wli i1·li a
:<peak er or wri !er liri ngs 011 t.
i1 1 w o rd ~ 11·pr f hy of Iii,; s11l1ject arnl !< 11 flil·il'11 t f11r Ii i,;
:ttllli nnc·e <>r n·adl'r,; , till ·
lli()tq_~ lit ;; th: it illiJll'l''' hin1.
is Lhe ar t of 11rit i11 g.

I n tl1 e .t-irst ;;n nt.·11 cu it is ]ius:-;i]il u :u111 11: tl nral t.,
s top at "clock-ll"ork, " si11c1; a t·o111}'l<d1 ; t,l11>11 g lit l1as

4.A

E,\·1;!,Jsf! CO.l!/'OS/'l'fiJX /J)' l'l.'.·lf"f'I CR.
VO!i'.11.
1·. 1 ;;//,_"/' ) . II ;·' ·'" /'\
" · " /'F\'f'!(
..

.j !)

lH·<>11 1•xpn>.-<S<'tl ; "a111id s 11p1 ·ri"r ,.;]1011',.; a1 11l po111ps"
:11Lls :i 11 ew it .. 111 In tl1c st:1t1· 111 P11t.
I 11l'.111di11g tl1i s
:1.d1liti"11:d 1· x 1•1«•,.;,.; j"ll i11 U1n sP1d1· 111·1 ., 11·11 e ould Rtop

at " ]•0111 ps" 1t111l 11:11· 0 l·o 1111 d1·l1· "l'll .-;1·; ll11t a11otli er
<'\ pr1•ssio 11 , "J1on n ri11g th o t o 1rr-r :111tl it.-; lJ11iltl e r with
:i l11ili<la y ," is adtlt •1l.
TJ10 r o ar1 ; Ll111s t.11·11 J1atnra!
·"' "PJ>i11 g'- pla r·1 "" lic •furn wo l'Pacl1 Ll11• \! 111] 11f ll1( ' entiro
;;1·11Lu 11c1\. D11t iu t.i 1e p ar:ill e ) s1·11l.P11c1: it i.-; i111p nss i-

J,),,

to

strip :rny w li e rt', 1ri t h tl1 u se11s.e ('<l!11pld1', 1111til

we· r1·:u·/1 t h o <' 11tl; tl1at is, L11 n l'<' :l!l1·r i,.; kt •pt i11 snsJiPnso 11p

t•J

111 0 n ·ry d<>sn 11f 1111 \ s1• 11.t.1• 1wr>.

f11r111 is :111 il/1:sfratio11 (If !,r111.\'1' ,\'fr 11c/ 11 1«' ;
<> f }~e /' lOl /i(' ,'-,'/ i'!W f II !'I'.

'1'111: Jirst

t.l1n s1 :en1 1d ,

.
i1 I 1..s
.. . I
I' Ii ii"'"
l' 1"· 1.. " _ \\"• t 11 '. ' .. ,111 .i ·"""Ii'. .':1.1·
. '
.
·11 11 i11·111·d
a11d Olll' , .. 111.1
.f1u111
1 . L1ll'II' J••ll' l l 1. l JS
I II I
•
I ;...1 11 '. "
, . .. 1. . r tl.,11' . 1 .. 1r11 . 111
lik e fair y- arn
·
11 .
. ·
·.
f-tr 111 • I 11v "" "· 1 '
.
in a liUlc l iuat J1u111 .
. liv l':t sl ll' , l.Jaz111g 111 tli
.g It
l
lhC lll Olll lI 1
I , t111lil :-11d1k11I}

, tlll 8d

Ji 1•l1t>', i,; iJ,·r11n1 .) "11.
.. , '1 1 it ti r-1 (1f :il l. it '" ''"
"
I .
., •r 11<· ' "II\' . .
1·c ,. B11 L
1-.111 lit t
I
.. , ., 1 i1t· 11 - I.ii I, : t
• 1 . r . . 11 ,. 1• \'(· s . "11 " 1 .1 · 1 1 11
.
ill its lit·:uit_y " "' " ' J . .
. I I i111•'' 11·11 11 .-1111 1·
·I I I S('(' II : L t l 1<111 .-,.1111
I
• .
j
'RllOll'., t Ji1111 .gii .l s IIU ll11·iL11
thv. "iar111
o f f"1ir
.
,s kiL'S a11.J ,'11 11·
mer
blo••lll
a1 o1 1111 .
l
fl
.
'
11.. 11 i·r or ill 1l1L· 111111> 11 1111'111 .!. _ •
.
.
.
.
. '.. . hi Ils a111
sh 111 c, ::;11l t ).,l l.L It
. .
. .. . ·h1·re a11d sl ra111 s o[ 11111 s 11·
.
•
.
11. ( j 1 li·11111 \' \"(J)ITS (!It I.) I\
]1gJil, . I ' .11 ., ' •( 'Li· l< l 1·/ t ...
.ti ·II I ( i1t• l·1·1·11i11g :Ill'.
I
SOlllltll1 g" t t . .
·
. , ,, .. fll:atda1· !
Oh , t h e s ik11 cc a11il tlic 1r l11tt 11 1. ,., "
•

P eriodic Sentence.--..\_ s0 11t.·11c0 i11 \\')1ich tl1 n 111P:rnl'f'lllai11s i 11 s11sl'1:11s1} I.i ll t /11 \ c l<l>i( 1 is a /'1 ·rlor1ic

i11 g

A F'OR EST.

/:;'nrt1 •i1r·1'.

1:,.r
f11 rll 11• r 1»;:11npl1•s n•:1 d !),.
11

fi~111

; u11/

f/111t

1; 11

''T/10

(~11i 1w1 ·y's

l·:'" "Y 1111

" ('u111·1·r~a·

i\al i 1111 of f,1J111/1111.· 1

Loose Sentence.- ,\ s1·11t,•11•·<· s" c1>11sL r 11d1·d Ll1at Ll1 n re

is

con1plf•to Sf' IJ>iO h0for11

its

l')o,.;n i,.;

:i

l~uo.,.,. :·,'n1l1 ·11cr'.

( ';irl.1·/1· f11n1i s l11 ·s 1n:111y l'X:111 qd 1-., ,.f 111,. /1""' 1' .'< ·1111•111·1'. /{ead
'' T l11· ll1 ·ro as a /'rnp/1 1'1 . ., H111. (';irlyl v s/11111/d 11111 I.Ju lakel! :isa
1111 11!1 ·/.
EXEI U' TSE.

l 11 Ll11; f1 1llowi11g !-;i•]p«fi11ns t.rnnsfor m tl1n SP1ilf'n c 11s
1•r1T1•J, .,] I)·'· tl1 11 aliln·(!1·ia t i<111 .. , .,.,... , lo Ll1 n l\: rio1lic
f1•r1 11. N1Jtc: llrn l! ff1 ·ct.
HF.ID ELDE RG CASTI,E.

r , /,all

Ill'\ (• /' forc;1·t. l1 1J \\' 1111· 1·:1 .,1 1,. l1111k1·d t lit! fi r ...; t time

l a11prua c li ud it.

ou111u

l"'"!'lu ;;ay it is

l""l'lil'~t

i:ilT ll at

.'l f <•l'l'St Ji11t :l 1·i ly <1 t.• 1,,. 1111 n· ·s 1111· 11, f11 I I 11 f
'\.
' l1·1• t 1· .s
1· _. "tl1 i1 wc. 11· I11·r1· 111,.,.,. 1· .", 11111 l1i11 .!!,
hardy :111d i11111ll't11111 s II 11 1,,,
·"
.
i"• '1'! 1t·r" I ~
1111! lii11 ,c; 111:1d1 • ll'it Ii li:111ds:
11( .
·.·1 1! ;111d
II
l I I , ... t '" 11 11il'I.
.
11111 1·I1 .1li 1·1, a s a \\'11111 :1111 . " " . ' . .
1·..... l s 11111 :Ill ,.!,J
1iol l1111g ~u
'
. . . .· • ,
I 11111 -t l' I v I 1 SI II ll 1.) .
'l' n·1·
s
aru
l
"'
·
'
.
.
I·
·t
r\· 1li:it l1as 11\'l'll
.
.
. •
-.:
"l J.;: 1111 r It ':-i !' t IT I Ill
lt :-; tt . •
.
uak 111 il s1· l I .1 '. !""
·"
_. . .
.f.,rti tli" lldnr11i:tl 111 11 .
11 s i'tnds s 111 1 e 1It
I
(
a:ro11·i11 •' i1· ier u . . .
,
I . 'l.
t 111· l' n·al1·r Jiar .
·-:
.
"
. . , iin 's more slate.) c 1.111
t:illc·r l '1:111 Ill.Ill) · I
' . . . tl. " li·i!Jle tu si .. lrnt""" and
.
. " .1nd y1· t :t !1r111 g 111 1,.... •
.
. '
. J !Ill' ')· r .. ,., .Hiit llw rn 11 s t 1111111"'" ·"ol m11111 tl :1111. ·, •11 '!Ill
1·1·
1
1lval
. Ii . d'· l !". ··s 'rt'jll'rlo n ., 11·I.1.1 l is· it• oll11' r tl1a11 ant·.<I " ..11
]lH'('l' Ill 11.l lll l,
..
. f'
11 s l\· l'<H>il'd. ( l\'11
f. 11 r " .. h 1•atr1ard1 s ('( Ill 1g 1111 . .
. ,. .
It 1 lo11 0. 11.
. .
.- ·1 Iii ·ir >ilal11·ar t. 1·.. 1111gl1n:."
a<Tt'S
·11 \'Ill" lll tliu 11111 1' . t
.
I
l
,.., •Jr
. l'1H'l '.' . - ·,1 .II ·] 111 ]1.. f11n· st , li1·:il t 1Y "'] "
,...irre1·11 l111 s
) ' ( [))(
l' 11 s "it·i·
11 g 11 ]' a '" \ l ' color lo 1. Jle• l i o" I ii ' o" iv i II g ]><'I' r1111 le to t. ! c
..ue
:lll I II l ' g il'iiw
0
.

~

air.

\.·
'.I

:

)I._

I!
?

!

/1:A·n u .c:11 ('() .lf/ '().C:fT/ON

!• i
~

n ,\ LA l\'('J-: 1>

! I F f'U . I C'JJC1C.

l'AR/h"f'Y OF S!CN 7RNCKFOH.lf.

S l·: :\TJ·:N°C J·: s .

E xa mill n <'a ri ' fn ll)· t h <· f 0 ll 1..
' " lllg <' Xa!!1pl es 0 f tl10
habl! c<'1l s m 1l1' JH·e . N o li· tl , f .
. .
· ]· . .
.
. ic <. 11111 .,f ll1 l' contraste l
c .Ln scs, thn eo11uccbn·s. ns. t' <'
I .i11
. 11 " ·I i1 ·u tie
I <·h s c.
are t)()t co 1rnrTtPcl
tlLn ] >'JI ·t . l.
· ' u.. ci;
'
>
,
• IC Ll. L I <>Ii.

!'

, I
1

(I/ ) C h:1ri ly
l' l't•al!'s n111L·l· 1 <if ti I U llJ ISt
. 'J'\' 1L
. r •l . , .. b
·
dol''l lloL rclit· \·u a ll U1 (,. 11 LIS(
. ...I.), I·1 l'l'Cates. .
e Je\ CS, ut
1
(/ )
)Ji:;s Bur11n":;
. 11
· 11·e n · a" rnu eh i.cy I
·• rl"l, l e, xt·L·
e 11 c tt•s
· u ·. OIH
t l IL', rn. c Jl of J o ]i11w 11 as l LI.S real c·xr· ·ll . . · "
he r rea l'h .
. L Lll L IL.s we re bcyo11J
1
_( ')
J\l easu n:1l l1y any lii g-l i ~ta n .J: m l
will lie fo 1111d W:tlll i1w; tr il'd
nf i111;1g i11,Lfi on, P ope
.-,
liy a11y lt·:;t o r\\ it, 111.: will be

fo11n1l uurir alletl.

(rl) The e 1·il tl1;1t Tllt' ll tlo liq ,;:; a fl er tl1 <'n 1.
Tl io gootI is
· of't i11tl'rn·d wil h 1li l' ir l11111' t·s
Balanced . Sen tences.- ,•\. s.t , 11 (1• l l! ' (J <'ll lJ(a 1m11
.· . rr t
c lau se s wJ1t cJ L a r e s i m i h t i n f11 111
. 1
j t
'°' WO
c o u t r ·L l ·
·
:tllL " s oni n extent
.Ls l't l U 111 cani JJ g is a l: rr lrr 1wr ·1l Jil"l1/1·11n'.
E >;EJ (( ISES

H1•writo t h e Sl' llf f' Jl ('('S i 11l' l1 lS(' (J i11 fli f'. .
' LJ · j j
., ., ' ;.., nco . J:L <Lill '.<'.J s1 •11h· 11cr•s 11!' Ul(llJllJ
• S(.

111 'iJ . j 11

'

·] ·

r

l,
. ·1
e d( ' J Ca:--; e :

Ill .L I 'S

1 o ucc01111 t for lliC' i·har:11 ·l1 •1·isl ·11· . f , ,
. I
(
,
'
(J
,~ ()(' I ii ( ' S \\ ' ( • ] , '
HI , to study the ~• 11d1isls. /'l'l , ~ l · ·"
"
. 1.ne
L11,i11 11' '" 'l 'l .
.
IL '"I ' 11,1 , 11 1:1d1 : f!•a,./111w a
'
"' ·
I ( '\ ]'l'Ol1•ss1· 1l t
)·
"
Yi l'i II(' \\' • " ,
"
· . '
() \ll()W f'\°t'l '_\'tJiil ig.
\\"ii.Ji tJ i l'lll
'
·
, l,, ,LC
:Ull \' <:111('11<'(..' • S
,
.,
[
,
' <JI.I. I 1' ·' :Jl'('L
'j> (< ·d 11 0 )' • Jj
)ll'< •f1· ss('d lo lrno w ll ul lii rw. Yir tu ' · ·t) 1 .
. J ·lj . . . e
"'
e
l 11111 was a pn co lc·ss possess if111. l
}

''I

Da11 lu l1'li s 11 s tli at ]1' sa\I' i11 Ma lv hol 1'!'
t
cu 1111 t.u r bd 1rl'l'll <t h 11r11·111 f . . I
,.. a ~ r:rn g-P. c• n'
•11111 .i111 a s"r1 •1· 1ii. 'J'lwc•ut·111i Ps.
fi

fi l

n.ftC; r crn cl woun ds i11 f1 idl• Ll , s t o()(l fu r a lim e glar ing on
A g re a t clo u d snrro11ntl e1l t l11· 111, :1.11 d tlic11 a
won<l erfol 1neta111<•q>lwsis IH'g an. E ach c·rcat u n• \1·a ::; t rnrn;fig nre1l i ll t f> t Jin J ik l'll\' SS of its a n ta g oni s l.. f'J'he ~l'l' j>C llL 's
tail d il'idt:d iL,t·lf i11l1 1 l \r11 lt·g,; . an d its l111d y 1•1 1t fll rl Ii anu s.
At lc ngt l1 t.!1<! Sl'l'l" 'lll. :it•><•il 1'1 1 a 1na11 a11d ,.: pa k1·. J\11 t lii8
while tli e rn a 11's Jv:.;; i1 il1 ·1·11·i11L·1l L11 .. rn selr 1•s i11lo a ta il, hi:;
ar ms shran k i11 !.o hi s IH .. h". an d at. h "t li e ,.,lll k Ll•J Wll a ~c r­
pen t, aml gli1h·1l lii ~~ in g ;m :1y. l S1J nictl1in g lik e I his \r ns
th e tr:t11sfo rn1:1 l i0 n \Y li il' li , ;] 11 rin g t he r 1· ig 11 of C eo rgc the
First, l>dd l t he Lim E 11 g li 'ih parti es.

each otli cr.

JT h e plii] <i,n]ili y of \ ' 11l l:i ire is cl l'd a n:d tn lw that of the
h a ppy. 1le siL-a ls a\\'ay tl l!' il' fai t h rro111 tl.11is< • \l' lio doubt.
H is gayet.y sadd e1rn. H1111 ssean may l>e fi:t ic.1 to l.to t.lw ph ilosophe r o f t h e 1111happy. 1le st ri kes Llu ul.>t into tl1e mi1 1J
of t he u nht•l il' Yl'l". 1li:; ~ad 1 1t'~s co nsoles.I
FO H

f l'i \'E ~ TI ON.

\Vrite an e 11(li11g to th o followi ng sto ry .
I GO wonl s.

U s e ILb o n t

THE P AG E AND TUE CHERR IES .

" A bas k1·t nr fin e ('hcrri (•S liaving h1·1•J1 S!' ll t t o one of
t he kin gs of l'rn s~ ia al. a t im e whe n frni t \\';JS ext rl• 111 ely
se:u·c·e, lw se nt t ht·m !.y a pa ge l o t he •p1<·c·11. '!'h e Loy
was le mp te<l hy t h eir b t'auty to !!a l onl•, a1 1d fin d in g it deli cio us, he at e th e rest wi t hout t hi11 k i11 g o f t he cn n st•que11<·r~ .
A few <lays lat(:r, th e kin g ask ed th e q1wen h ow s h e! lik ed
tlw (' h c rri es, :md fn111lll ont that sh e h ad ne rcr rcl' c in~d
tl11•111. 1le was ju s tl y indi g na11t with t he yo un g rngu e,
;rnd gn in g to hi s close t lie wrote tlie foll0wi11g 11 ok to tbc

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I: l' /'/,'.cl C''l'J C!C.
VA lU fl..' '/'} ' OF Sl>'NTB:NCK-FORJJ.

11

lli n ·rs ol' ll1L' ru Y:il "ll'll'li'· ·( ". II 1 I
·.
"' ' · ·
'" ,.
<' •<'a n• r t wont ·-f' .
lash.,,; a11d Lik e' l11.-; r1·n·i11l f,, r 11 , 111 . 'l 'l
·) 110
ll ·
ll'IJ l1 u <"tl lod tJ
]lag\' a11d lnl d li i111 111 dl'liin I Ii i; 1101 • . l
'.'t .
IO
, •
' ,Lfl, wui Jor an
<l llS\\'L' I'.
I l1 i; 1....,.. f1·;iri11 ·r i.l 1:d ·il l \l "l ' II 11 t .· J t
LJ
.
,..,
•
' ·'
1 w 1 opouctl
le i wt.e :111d l'l':id its 1·onl l' 1ifs .. . . "
"' '

ropes freqnently p rei;;;e1l
l soo n appropriated a tilllall
piece, but was deLeclecl in tl1 i:; hy the mate.
"He took it fro lll rne, 1m 1l wh ile he was lcdu r in g me:, the
captnin , a nolile 111 an with a great h eart in Iii:; lmsom,
callle on 1leck, wh ereupon th e wh ole matter was laitl l.i1.. fon.i
him. 'l\1.y sailor,' said h e, ' al ways nsl.: for what yuu
want; if it is den ic;1l .}' OU, then take it, if you think proper.'
"I remembered his acl vice, aud in a short time afterwarcl .... "
Iuven t an elllliug, nsi 11g 200 words .

\\'rito a eu11d11siu ll Lo ll1 u full1111·i11" . .· . l
a·1\.0 tll(J story 11111:11 Ji 11i s li1·1
"'' mrnig a lOnt
· , ·1 .,"u·.un e.

250 words.
,

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." 'l'l1 n Lo \1·e r duor o f ~t. L'<1 t1:1 rd'.s <'l11m·l1 in
l (' f t O jl(' Jl 011(.' h . . l I
.

J•~ 11 0-]·11 'I "
l:i '

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. t •·' ' .til t l\'t > y1111ng· /i., 1·s , 11a11<l l' ri11 cr i1
1 ·t~1 1·(~t: Llll' ttl c·a of l'la111li t' ri11g lq 1li u .ll j>/>t'/' f':il'L , \\·~1 er~ ~~; .11 1111 st tl tl 1c·111 sl' lr l's 1,,. /111 11/ >ill '" rr, Ill I..
. I ..
y
Hdl/ 1 lo ic: 1111
Sud
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tJL'11 J v a 101-L ir· 1re \\" ii' . J I I
• . . . ,_, .
'" ' .tllf . l<'ll I 1le ll\':tl/1 011 \1·JiicJi tJ
\H·ru st.audnw lirul\<· A s tl i . 1 . . .
wy
. .
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l ·1 .
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.
' "'.' s ii·t·n· Jall11w tl)(• old er
J;i,
.J1 1sL t1 n11; t o grasp anotl1l'1· l1t"ll11 11 lii lc· LI'''
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llll ss111 g 11. l':l ll "] JL ]i()] d of ] ·. .
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l l s l.U llJ 1,u t' s Jr'""'·
111 tl 118
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t.1·arl.11 I· po.- 11. 1011
t li e L11·r1 h<l · l
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, ~ i1111g. ny111g i·irntly for li e]
"' ill • <lilt' 11·:1 s ill'ill'. At ]( •J •rt/ L) , l1 . . .
p,
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I.~ I
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11.} cJ111g1II" to i.Ji,
IL. Liii 11·/1 lhaL l11 s ~trf' 1 wtl 1 w·ts J"i 1
·•11· 11 " 11
11
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,-,
,, • ·
,.., .
e <'a UC 1 0 11tt LJ
ad l1e l(l1r that l1r rn 11ld n ' t. hnlil 011 11111 c h l111wur
·Ile!
I · let g')• ,,·uid 1o
. u ,;;1rcyu11rs(•]f', · . ,j · ,](] . ,.., · .~ 1,i
1 \t 1
· ic ) ou ngtr

MEETIN G A S E C OND TIME.

L ienternwt Spen ec r l1111l ::;ecn a g reat deal of military servi ce. 'J'h c w ar, howev er, wai; over, and lw had 1H1tl1ing t.o
<lo b u t loun ge 11lJout, aml tlraw half-pay at th e end of l'ae h
mont h.
Oue day as h e sat 11 pon th e piazza of tho l1 otl'l, he
observ oJ a man , who was cviLl entl y a st ra nger, gazin g 111tontl y at hi111. Th e li eutenant appeared not to n otiec Llie
stranger, h u t shiftc• l h is p o~ 1 t wn. Very shortl y the
stran ger shil'tL~<l l1i s pos ition, and still :; tared st raight. at
the lie 11 ten:u 1t. Thi,; 1rns tllo rnu eh for Lieute nant Sp<·ll<:er.
H e rose, and apprnat·h i11 g the ::;lran ge r ;;aid: " Po you !.:111110
m e, sir!-"' "l Llii11k 1. do," ans wered t he strn11 ge r.
"llave we eve r met lidore ?" eon ti11uecl Uw li eu ten ant.
"I cairnot swe:u· to it; lrn t if we hav c - a11tl I a nt al 1n ost
positive wo h ave, you carry a deep sabre-c ut j11 Bt al>ove
your ri gl1 t w fi ::;t."
·write au e udiug, nsin g 11 ot less tlian 150 ll' onls.

'21

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1''0LLO WJNG AlJ Vl C.C:.

" .nr. .,." n"·'L ,, ·r. •·wv
,-,

1111 l IL'·'·
/· ·

n·111·1• I·/"··I I..111

l
ii 11/t'J't• 1:11!1111:111 '" j 11 0 J<'·1st
l t 1 Sl ':l-(': 11ii :1111
. I 11 . 1· .· . I .I
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1u 111 I 1e 11l l1 nr
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• ~ Ill
II

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11·1 1 tl1t ' l'L' 11·:1s 111ill 1i n;: lo d11 . 111 1' 111a lt' I /· ..
1111...;r, llsc· d lo Fl'L ill l' ,·· I" ,, . I·
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_}It , 11 1.- l>. I '1 1111t}J'1'1]')'111!.; lljl illl ul 1
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par .. c: l l1 11 g :1 s 1L w:i .' , .. 111 1,d
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.
·"' .-'I 111 I l J>Jli 11.!.:· 11 j> :111 old I" "' ·1 .
(l ('l'lll'l'i 'd ! 11 Ill ( ' t l1· tl 'I ' lll'i!I I.
1· I
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llt '1'1'" l, I!' s;ii) 11· 111J/tf 'lll S \\' "
:111 ad n11r: tl>lt' /ll l /'/" ''!' i11 111e11tl i11"· 111 ,. </11 .. 1·
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l
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ll'l're wg-1111111 1.!.:· 111 11·,·:i r I lir., 11 ,,.1 1 . 11 ·. , I I J·
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o ' •O\ l It• , Ji \'\'.' \l ' /it ' l'l! tJie
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GHOST

EXPL AINT~D .

111 th e snlrnrbs of our Yill:igc', near th e <"Pmd1· r y, HLlllcl s
a large whitu house whi eh fo r many y ('ar:; kul Llw rep nta-

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54

NNUI, f o ll COJ!l'08/1'{()N Jil' l'NAU1'lC/iJ.

ti o rt nI J1., i11 g lia11n l<,d . U rll':trt.hl _y 8<>t111<l >; were heard
llrurn at 111id11 iglit, a nd lire s1qwr.-; titio1 1s Yillageri:; tolrl
s t r:rng., I :d 1•s n[ 111i st.y whi le apparil illl!::i 8t'l't1 i11 t.11 0 cupola,
:ind lilut· ligli! .-.; lli"k l' ri11g fr"nt t 11<: wiru1uws. No ono
crn il.f ltt : rrn111d i 11 lire· wlt11]e 1·ill:1 gc hraYu c•11u11 g h to enter
t l1t~ li1lll."<', a11 d t ho" n 11· lrn 11·l'rt nl>lig•"I to p:rs.-.; it. a t uight
i11 vol 11nlaril _y 'ln ir· ke11l'd till'ir pa n ·. .It. ;.;(<in d <' 111ply [or
111:111y }l':trs :t11d \\'as gr; 1d11ally g oing In ru111. 'l'l 1e landlord t1ll'l'n·d lo sig11 a lv:t:'l' for fiYe _l" l':t rs. rl' n L free, if :myt1 111· 11·,,uld Jin· in li re hntr"l'. .\ f a1 1y lr:rd :1ll1· 111p tvtl, lrntonc
11 igl1L 11·:1.-1 :r ,.; ·1011g as :111y n11 C' l1:1d n• 111ai 11<'t l Ll1l'rc. '.L'lr cso
p t·o pJt, t•ild t>I" s 11 c h s tra rr,!.;<' ~ i .ghl,; :111.J ~<>1111d .-.; i.lr:i.t now 11 0
Ol lt' 1r"11ld 1· 11ll'r tlru lrnrt :' ''· l'\"l·n in d:i rli 111 t·. Fi11:1 1ly, there
came tu I l1u 1·il la,:.:" a ,.;( r:111 gn who l1varll I IH· slury uf tire
lra1111 lcrl lto 11:;,• 11·ith a snr i lr·. 1\' lr('n t hC'.\" 1t1ld him o f tho
h111 l lonr;; o il"l'r h e d l'l t·n11 i1H·d to at«'<' J>t. it. a11d nr ado arr:c11 ge 111,~11 ts l o laku imnr e<l ia tl' Jl"""l''"10n . Ai:; he lmll
g 11 c·s.wd, Llr t•ru 11· n1~ no J. J11l' Ji .girt " 11•1r 111 i~t y fi ,:.;11rcs to be
1;('L'l1. lmtal n1id11i glrL lr e li l':1 n l sl ra11go• ;.; , J1111d ~ n11 ll1 c:;t:airs.
L i.~lt till!-;" u larn p lw Ii ast cn<·d fru 11 1 l 1i ~ ,·I1a11 1lwr, :llld 1r:1s jnst
in time 1.u <:i!t(: lt it gli nlJ'~ L' p[ "'11n0lli i11 ,:. :· 11"!iit1 · di sap pearin g
i 11 1Jit, hall ht• !.,11·. I f(' d"~·· 1 · 1 11l l'd a nd H':t r1·iH·d t·1·ury nook
u11J l'OJ"lll'r, 1.Htl CtJ t1 l1 l li1 1d 11" t rat"l' o[ U11: g lr"st.. T he
1wxt. c·1·p11 i11 g Jiu t'OH'!"l'tl t he st:ii r,; 11·i! !i fill l' sa11t1 . a11d Lh ,;n
went t o hed h opefu l of ~ .. hi 11 g t.1 10 111 ysltJ ry in Ll1c mo rn-

rng.

W rite

a 11

e nd ing, u~ing %0 to :300 word,;.

CHAPTER IV.
.--.....

PARAPHUASE AND ABSTl\:\CT.
T im PA IL \ l'JIHA SE.
COMI'AHE the p:tr:qil1rn,.;c~ uf !.ht~ fr,J]rmi11g ,.;0]1· r1.io11
with t h e o rigiual, aw l nl,.;o tl te l'il.l":tpl1ra,.; 1, uf ·• 'l' i111
Court of Borlin" \Yi th the po urn, allll uutu t.lw d itfor-

euce.
C HANGE IN ENGLISH PllONUNCIATlOK .
0Rlf;TXAL.- .i 1'h e art. of pn1it111g
tl \\'. a l !lt l JI LllltT tif
boo ks- l1as 1.1011l' lii11d1 to r1·11•l 1·1· 11c·r111a111 ·1 il 1111· l"1• r 111 :' .,f
word s, lJ,11. it can ac'Cu111pli.-; J1 little· int 111: 11;1_1 ,, r li \i11g t lic
pro JJ\ln(·ia t lon uf ou r 1: 111 .~ 11;1 ,;.!l' . 'l'i1l~ \ ' ;1ri 11lL"i ~ 1 111111i .'-'. 1·ni ploy ed aro i111 t i111]'('1·r,., ,tJ _y JJ1:tr k1 ·d l1y l ill' J,·1 i1·1·, .. 1 I 110
a lpi1:tl 1et., a1Hl an1 011g ~o ma11 _y 1'''"[ '11.· a~ 11v 11· 11 "lJ tl11· L11 .:.::ii.-lt
Ja r1g11:1 gc, :t11d sca ttered as they <ll't' u1 c r th•.· 11 lrll l<' ~·l11 i 1t· . it
is illlJlUSsilile fur a11 y st :rn tla n1 (u IJ c: aduplL·d. \,_nr lt1·r• ',
pu rlia11 s. 11·ili 1lrc"' 1.' Y;1r i:1ti 1111s ill' 1"11 111 1,J 111 .. r1· :c i1·.. 11:.:l.v
11 1ark 1•.J or 111n re fr1 ·'1111•11t. t li;111 i11 till' l11· :1rt ,, (' I0:11:.:·i :111d 1i .'1 ·if.
The:: less jlt'"l'l 0 a re a1· c11.-;i t1 111,"i iu 1·l1 :1.1 1g 1· il 1t ·11· :1i111d1·. 11r
t u 11l l'l' t wi th j'('" Jl l" nl' t1 tii(·1· 't: 1t •·< •'i' l'i' "\ i1w1""· i !,, · 11 1.,rn
t('.n:t c im1 s lv will t.l1l'\' adl11· n' to :1111·:trly prrn 111111·1 at io 11 1111tti
it has !Jcc~•lll l' ant ir~u ate il in u l llt'r lJart o uf Lli l · ~· ( ) 11 1; 1 ry .
00

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I'AHtll'!/RA81~· AJ'lD Al?8TJIJ(-:1'.

p;sr; / , /Sf{ CO .Jf!• ,,sf'l't()X I!) ' l ' t:.·I (,'Tf()fiJ.

'l'l 1i .-; t'all )1(• 11'"11 il l1 1sl ra tl'd i11 011r 011·11 (·n11 11 Lry, for in tho
111"r" r" t irl'd lia11 il ..t suf ~('W l•: 11 .:.::l:t11d 111;1y lie l1eanl aeccnta
1rl1i •·li ~ I ri lw !ht· (':I r as 11< •\'( •I. 11111 ll'iii<"l1 a1·" ;U'('O nlinrr to
11 :" sl :111dard (11' tl11· " 11l ti 1·:ilt"I c la~.-; o f En.rl:llld i11 tl ic ~ me
111' .J.,/11 1f'O ll a1 1.J ., 1· .\ ddi ."JJll ... 'I'
"'
l'.11 ~ .1 l'llH .\ SE. T/1\' j•rint i11 .:.:: "f 111:rnv l1ooks has fixed
:il1111 1sl 1111<:l1:111.:.::1·:tld1· t IH· 1Hil lv 11 11·or1.I:; t1 f I hl' En glish
l:u1g11age, l111 L iL (':111 do 1·.. n · lilt le tt•ll':ll'tls 111:1king perma'l' /1 (• •·1l1i li·•I
· a
11e 11L t!1t~ pr(I Jlll!ll :i:t!io11 <11' I ii (' Li1w11·t"l'
.~ ' .~ •
•• IL.•t 18
very ill ('< J111pl1·lt· rl'prt':;C'nlal ion <•f t l1 t· 111:lll_r dill't· \'(•JiL so nnds
used . and Ln :..i.lk upon any ch :1\':ld( \'s to i11d i1·:du uxacLly
Ll 1e pro1111 11c· 1: d ion 11·01ild lit> i 111 l'r:11'! i1·:il d1·, IJl'C:Lll se th e
g rea t nunilwr or 11('<>/>le w/10 "i•«:ik E11,:.::lisl 1 a rc s pread over
al.I p:i rl:; vi' till' '.'·.,,~Id . l'oss ilily 111 <11T: s t rikin g ex mnpl es
ol r:tr11·d pr111111 11,·1:i11n n :tr(' nwl i11 U1t· i11t .. rin r of l<:n gl:uitl
than :1rl' ln l1l' l'<>1111d a11nrht rl' l'I."<'. P(•Oj•lt- wl10 a. re born
:11111 IJl'rn1 glit 11p i11 <>lll• pl:1 <'l', 1rlio se!d fJ 111 gn to oLlicr
pa rt:; u f. LlH·i r ctl111il ry or 111(·..t. persons fr u111 ot her parts,
"1111g w1lh l li1' grl':dl'sl l'l'l'"isl t·111·r Lu t lit• pro111111 <'iation
:wr1 11ired in y111 1tli, !· 1·1' 11 "·hl'n it. li :i:; l':ill L' ll int" di suso
( · ] ~ ( · 11 · l1 .. rr.
J\ 11 ill11 str:ifi<>1 1 of ll1is (':tll I"' 1't11111d in t ho
U11itnl :-: tall'.<. T l1l' i1il1:il1il:11il s of S() Jll() or tli u s111 all scclud...:d riiiagv::; Ol' i\I'\\' i-: 11 ,!.:;l: J1td \I S(' J1l'Ollllllf'ia lit> ll S that
s01111tl l'l'r} odtl lo 1wopk in f' i.. sc·r co nt:H:t wi lli tlw ce nt res
of h 11 sin css a.11d ed 11 (':it in11. :il1lin11gli t li r sf• pronunciations
are perfl'cLly corr1''·t wl 1r11 j11d!..;1•<l hy the usage o [ the cdu c:tl <'d p('oplt~ of .Jul111 st111's a11d .. r :\ dd iso 11 's day.
0

0

TUE C OUUT OF BERLIN.

"King Frl'!kri 1:k uf 1'r11 ss i:L grew 111·n ·o11 ::; an< ·1 1'll
·w11 cn paei11 g lii :; t·h ;tmlrn r une d :1y . .
13cc:rnsc of t h(• :;o u1HI of :L "razy old mill
That eb tlt: retl ::;o o r er Lit e \l':L)' .

"'Ho, mill e r!' c ri ct1 lic, 'wl1 :LL s1111 1 wil l yon Lake

Iu li eu of tl i;ct wrduhed olt1 ::;he ll!'
It an gers my hrain :tml it k c·c·ps 111 e awak u.'
Said t h e m ilkr, 'I tlon't c;arc lu sC'l l.'
' " UuL yo n lll\I St.,' said the ],ing. in ;t p;L~s i o 11 for (1r11·c;.
'H11 L I 1ro1 1·1; said lhl'· 11 i;1n i11 ;t lil'at.
'Uo(b! this lo 111 y fan· ? Y" :ti'•' daf t. or :1 <l11 llt' C:\\' e can !':17.l' yt1 11r oltl 1uill wil It t he sl n ·t•t.'

"' Ay, t rll l', m y good s ire, if' stH.: li lie yo 11r 111 uod,'
'l'lie11 a. usll'l' l' t'd Llw 111 :u1 ll'i Lh a gr in;
.: H11 L n1•\'t• r )' '111'11 n1ov e iL Lill: t1· 11 Ll 1 ol' a
J\ s, lun g :ti' :t co urt '::; in Berlin.'
·u

rt>od

Goocl, goo<l,' sai ll Lh c king, fur l\1 0 a11 "S wur w:LS g rant1,
J\ "S op pos in g th e Law Lu Llie ('rown ,' ·w e bo w tu Lli e cour t, allll t li u 111ill sli :tl l s l:u 1ll,
Th ongh e Yen Lhe palace colli e <lu wn .'"

l' .\lt .\ l'll ft A!' I·:. - T<'n,.J e ri c k, bngof l'r11 ~~ i:1. wl1il!' walki ng
u p :Llltl 1low n lii s ron lll one 11ay, wa,; di sl url wd l1y l he din
v[ :L r ick!'t,y old mill j11 ~l ano::;s Lli e ru:ul. 1\ t last he
callt'tl ou t
l111' Jllil l1 :r. :!'ki11g lii111 lit111· ruu l'h 11 1011 ry he
woulJ. l:Lke fo r Lh e rnill , a:i il s clalll'r not u nl y ann uyud

lo

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{'IJ.Jfj•()s/T/r)~\'

J;

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}'NA CJ'iCE.

PARA PIJR.18l!J AJ'lJ) _1B81RA CT.

0

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'I

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li i111 lm L Jll"(•r . 11tl'rl hirn fr-0111 slt•(·p ini.;. '/'li e 111iller repli<•<l
that. 11t· did 1J •1L \l"i sli l" st·ll Iii." 111ill. 'l'hure11pun King
l·'rr:.JL•rid; hl'C'.t111 1• \ '"'" .111!_'.n, :111d told U 1t ; 111a11 he mu st
~l'l/ iL. 'J'J I\' 111i llt·r :11i.-.:\l't·red l1o tly that he would 11 ut.
·' S 11n·ly yc .11 art· n;1zr or f11oli .-.:h (q tvll nr u tl1is to 111 y fal·e,''
d1'<·lan·tl !ht· k in g : ·· for I hart• t/11· P"lrt·r Lo tvar down
}llll r 111 il l.'.
"Yt•« ." :111 s\l'e rC'd llir· 111 illt- r. s 111ili11g. '· l know
yuu 1'a11 it'·'"' " J'l•::tsl' : 1111[ .\'"II \\'i/J 11 01. \\'hilu Burlin l1as a
c· •111rt.. ·· Tlii.-; a11 ~ 1r1·r. s/ JC1\l'i11 g that t hl' po1r(·r uf Lhc Law
\\'as ahoYu that of t ll\• kin~. ]'lL•asr·d Fn·dl'ri uk so mu ch
tl1 :1 L lie· :1.,,-.:11r1 .. / I. hi: rn :1 11 l1is 111ill .' honld n·nwin, ereu
tl 1011gl1 t hl' j1:ila1_'t· it.,t·J( 'l'l'l'(• de,;lr1q·t·1I.

A Paraphrase. - Tlt0 Pxp r0ssion nf tltc tl1 o ugl1t of
prusu or po(" Lry ill t1ill'1;rent but l' CJ1liYal011t words is a
P u ru1il11 ·11sr.

'l 'li<' l1 Pst parapl1rase gi1·1·s tlif' exac t tlll>uglitof the
11rigi 11:d wliil1· l1•:ist r cse 1u lilin g Ll1c 11rig iJJ:d iu form.

J
"'Ve all lia1-.; lo u;1rn,

HJin!h1·r. 1l1:1t
1'1 1 t lti s ll'"r!d.
n e ith er rn m1 nor lioys g_1· .
l 1· . ,. Ji l'e :- . 1111! 11o t
t 11 I Ii ' L'll t "
(Ill
We all get nc/IJ .. 1ia11 n ·s I . u. L if "in·u111 ,.;t;111<'t'"· Tl1t·
1
l
i l th e sa 111 e M' '
I
is. li" 11· 11 '
secornl c 1aacrs 1. .
, jJt•r<OJI :tilt ] •·ii1•ltlH·r
·
great diffenmce lw \\ et•n u11u
l. ",. it a11d l1<!11· lw takl'~
a 11. • 11, . · *' " '
tak' CS J101t1 " f •111 ., first chan<'u
.
his fall if it i:; sco red aga111 ,;t 111111.
J II

1111\'

\\' :t }

<)J'

t .\('("(///(/ l'it;J1 1<'(',.;

· L·

Pa.raphrase thi::i pllom :
THE CALIPH'S MAGNANIMITY.

. . !hi·· tlusnl
wast<>
"A tr·tYl'llur anu ss
·
.
l .1 .1J .I S w;,'Y "., "v O"I
v ' i1·tl
• 11 t-1;1iadl'd S jll'lll g ,
o u11< o l
·
l o lii s plt:"tSl'd t asto
And l it e .fresh waler sccn11·•.1 .
. . ,: •
I · ll Llw 1\'orl tl t.l1u ino;,;t; d1•lH·1 011 s ~li111,., .
Jl •l
. I 1,
'Great
is the calip
l.
sau·I Jic.., 'I for
. ,lllm
Will !ill my leat Iw1. i.uu lt.l,u lo t hu l!nll1.

F

~~

\, l\

1;-,

·lit

~:·~-

, ~i~;..
~t~~-,
...

Jn )1a r: q./1r:osi11g pros", :tn1 it1 as 1nn c h a::; p oss ibl e

tl11• s:i. 11u ; t'l •J1 st r11diuu ,,f s1 •1J te11L·es, ;u 1d <lo 11 <1t li>i e tl10
"o\'()J'tls of tli<• an l lior, 1'\('•·pt i11 i11 .s t.:u1cps wl1rrc Ho
1>t.l1< ·r \\'•1rd s 11·ill t'\j>l'•·ss ll1<• id<•a. 111 Jlal';l)d1rasi11g
l'"<:iry "'"•i tl tl1u us u of p1ll'tic la11g11:1gc (s11ch 1r,>r1ls
:1.s u'r ·1-, r' n', ·111or11, 1·1 ·1', r• ic.) a11 d a11y s11gg•·sLio1J of
r l1r111 0. T11 :ill l' .\ •'l«· is1·s 111111<_.r )'ar:ipl1rasi 11 g C'!>J1s1dt
a11 1111 ali rid g«· t1 tlidi1111 a1'.~" J,ef. yonr J1a1·apl1rasc lie
as coude11sct1 as is <·011s i,.;lt •T1t witl1 cl earu1;ss.
J-:X l·: JU'JSES.

\\"rilr. a p.1.r:ipl1l'ns0 of tltr. f<>Ilmring
g 1re Ll1 n j'ara1il1rase a 11ar11c;

e xer~rpt auJ

'

I I10 LL] c, f " n·iiw
"Jl csankt1c
· ,., iL to
· dri11k
, 1c g11 rglc emsed ·in I·I ;; Ian k tl 11wtL
Uni.ii tl
' .·· k
.. li t·· shrletl
Oll \\';ll'(l, s111il ud tn thin
A 111 I .is
•
·] i
'l'I. t 1'c
1 for tlii r,.; L horn l:r1d's sol" a11t.11 •1 .i:.
.· 1.l . f' . ,·t} Oill'iS:tllel~ j U\V <lilt ] I I I CC !"
D;oys a tci , 111 1
I' l . . feet
U u laid hi;; prt'Scnt at the ca 1p 1 s
.
.. . ·in"
"For lli ll'it.h lli e issu e o ( ti• IC spi
. "' w·1s
' . poured
t . •1111 o) 1 whose embossed o ut.w le
J ll.<1,L
<. •
)
]
JI'(]

Jcwf'h like sol ill water. s i:qiet a gu1 , .
.
. ' t l nI' I·r'I r·d111h
' ··11·,,·1 ·scu
· 111 ptl well sal1 ,; l1ed.
l
'.N ' IC. 1,1•isr·lv 11luas<'<l.
,
.. »d 1t. wa.)' "'
irav1· comman1
ant l ~·t 1.11.~
l
, e ·with
ha11<
·
·· gol d thu rna11 ·~. 11"rk-hardt•J1t>cl
To.tylin
J
- - -*

-~ .·"·.
. , "11.
Fro 111 " ----Tru e ;\lunltut
)

T11u~1..1s

llL;0 11ER.

-

(j()

l~'NULJSil C(}Jfl'OS!1'10N By l'RA Cl'/ CliJ.

"Tl
I.
'
. IC courciers, ]qoking at the ro111Hl reward

};~r: cipd

l lta L sorne unl11·anl -01" ir o11<lrn11 s rirl11 e 'graeetl
1 lie boltletl liurdl'11 home for L!t<'ir luwd Ion]
::n•l of the licp1id gifi, a~kecl hut to taste.
'
J l1 e calipl1 a11s1H•rt;d fron1 l1is 11ot(•11t I liro1·1c•
' 'L' . l
.
,,
. uuc 1 n ot Lite irate r, i t is mine :d one.'

. "Hnt_ soo 11 -:-after th<• l111mbl c girn we nt,
0 erflu1r111g 11·1tli d .. Ji.,lil wl11·<·i1 l1·1tl1" I J1,· ::.; face,

,

:

,.....

'

,

•

l.

..._ {

I lic! cal i ph f..,Jil l1is C<1t1rtie rs Ilic iii Le nt
Of Iii;; denial, ~:ty in g . ' lt is l1asc
~ut Lo accl'pL a kind11cs~ wlit·n cxprcssrcl

Ly no low mot.ire of self-in terest.
_r '·. ' 'I'! le w ~t t rr was a gift of Joi"(• t·o m e,
. ; ·1
\\ l11 r·h I wdli h" ldc·11 _.'"l'"il1.t11cl(•
., I
· 1·( . ),l,(
1 •
T
W1>11l 1l 1101, l1·I. I lit· liont'.>t "il"l'I' >'t',
'I'!
.
,-,
e
l:tl .• <Il l 11 ;; ll"t\' [Ji" l'I"\' ·t ·tJ IJ
. j' [j ) l! S ) Jil I j (~
Jr:lcl !'l1angc•d. :111d \\'as i11 11 111n• : f,,r ·'o llo '"''
11

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'

1I. 1
•
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l.~ •JI"•', tl111.-; .~( '1Jl'l 1t'd . l1:ul llll"ll<'tl to IJitl<'i"lll'.~..-;.

/', IJUl'ff/t.1SIC A 1\"D ABS1'JU C1'.

GI

Pam phrase this pue m :

.,-.:

THE THREE FISHEllS.

"Thrrc fisners went sailing a\l':t}' tu I.lie w c-~t ,
.\way to t he 1rest :ls th e su11 \l"lOllt dull'n;
1".:u:h thought un tlw wnrn:in who lu1"d l1i111 th(; h1·,;t.
,\ntl Llw ehildren stood \l'all'lii11g th<·n1 Ul 1t uf the tu\\'ll .
For m en mm= t \\·ork, and ll'Olllell mu st \\'C<']I,
A11d there\,; liLLlc to ear n, and 111:u1y Lo kt>('p,
Though the harbor-bar be rn oa11 in g.
"Three wives sat up in the light-house towPr,
Antl trimmed the lamps :1,; t.he w n wen t <1 own;
They looked a.t the S<J11 all , and th('y lookt>d :tl t Ji.-, sJio,1·er,
Arn1 t he11igh t-raek ca111 e roll in g iqi, ra ggl· 1l and brown!
B11t men nrnsL work. :111d 11·orn('11 mu,;t ll'l'l'jl,
'l'l1ou gh storms be suddc·n and ll'a t('r,; Lkl'p,
And the liarhor-bar IJL' 111o:t11ing.
"Three eo rpsc•s l:ty n11t 011 t.11,; shining sand.-;,
In the 111orning g lea111 , a,; t.lie Lide Wl'nL down,
A11tl the W<)llll'll am \l"<'l'j>in g a1ul wri11gi11g t l1<'ir hanllg
For Ll1"se who will n er« r r:o111e l1om e to t he tu1r11.
For n1 e11 must work, and women 11111:;t \\' eL'P,
Aw.l Ll1u sooner it"s over Lho wo 11 er to slL'ep,
Allll good-bye to lite b:Lr an<l its moa11i11g." *

If f1ntl 11•r practice ill pa.r:iplirasing is noces~ary,
seli•ctiuu for tl1is purposn may bo nuHle fron1 tlic followi 11g pu ems:
"Alirah:un D:-tl"(' llJ>orL " - \\"liil ti er.
"Tlin C1111ilwrh11 d

,,

'~·

" -· L1 J11.~ l"•lluw .

''!,

f ,'1\·1; I. IS/I <;() .Jf/'tJS l'l'!O.V

1J }" 1'1{1 r' 7ICR,'.

I'ARA l'llUASE AND ABSTRACT.

l'assa .c:1•s fr " 111 •· Tl11~ C1111 rl s hip n f 'l i!Ps ~l:111di., l1" - Lon"fel l ow.
"Tho Fi11di11g "f lh1• Lyre ··- - .J a1n <'.' 1:1 1s '<·ll f. 11 iq·JI.
<>
· ·Thi ~ Singi11g L1·an •s' 1- - .la1111•:-; 1~11...;,..: 1·/ I J,ow1·/I.
''A Lq,:e 11tl of Brq.:••11 z" - Ad1·laid e l'rucl t•r.

63

unlikl'l y that. 111y s (11t!i es nn th e Yi"li 11 11•Jtil<l s lop, it becam e uxpt•tl ie1il. that tht'.V sl111uld ht> 1lin·< ·f<!1 l. A ftil l- ~ iz,·d
violin \\':ts }' l'llt'lln•1l rne. I han~ el'<·ry r.:asu ll Lo bel1t·1·u it
wo.s 011eof the wornt liddlt •s l evur saw."-l(e1·. IL lL\ 11·1-:1s.

'J' II E ,\ B:S'J' J{ M 'T.

Hent1 cn.refnlly tl 1f\ full<mi11;.( sr lt~ctim1, nntP the ontl i n o of to1>i('s, awl compare tlw alistrad with tlw selection.
NURSERY FIDDLES.

" llfY farori tr in ~t nm1c11 t- tlit· r iul i 11 - ·is a~~ocia l.1'<1 with
my (':l rli L•st n •eul!l'<"f im1s. 1 hl'('all1 L' pc•Ssl'S., t·d, :1t Ll 1e acre
Of six yr:tr~. o [' a Slll :l! I rr d eigl l11 •t'll · Jll'llll_Y fiddlv and 8ti~k,
w1 l h tha t lli1rn:y l1m1· :ind t hnst• thn ·a dy stri ngs. whi..!1 are
111:1.J ,, :q•pare11 lly 011h ft) m ap. c·r e 11 as t!J,, Jiddk· is 111:ule
u11'.1· l11 >' lll:tsli . J ll111s (•:i rly lie1 ·:1 111t• f'a111ili:1r ll'il Ii t !in idol
or im· yrn 1tl1. Hut. hllliliarity d id 110L lirc"d i·<> 1il1·111p t. I
fll'<lC't·t·dt·d tu C'li1·i1. J'ni11 1 t he small 1·ed liddl e all it ha;] to
!f i 1·<'; a11 1l wh en J l1:11l done 'ri t Ii it . 111y 1111r"e ri·11Hwed tho
lit· ll y. a11d fo1111d ii. 111 :1<l e :ln adn1i r:ilile <lu st pa11 or ll'<H •tlt!n
s hnr1·l for ci11dp r,:. a11.J. fl1 1:il ly . PX•' t•l il' 11 t firi·11· .. 11d. :\!any
\\'('Il l fJ1ai. ll':t.I', \\'lt i1<>1tl Ill ,\' j>:l >'>' i111> f., r (.,y fidd/ t>,-;>; 11ffl'l'i11 0t/1u k:1 sl th·cl i11 L·; nay. it. ra l li e r _!:l'l'\\' 111: wli:il. it antl tli~
Ji 1·e frd u11. l L 1nay 11pl, J,e s11pl'rll1w 11 s
add t lial ] liad

to

hy I his t i111t• '"''" '" 11 1,•:1 11 ,; Lo lllak u t lil' lli111 "i'"" I. ,;lr in"S
yidd II)! sn 1111d s 1rlii1 ·l 1 l lll'L'tl 11ul ht·rt' t' har:wti·rizt', and
sut:h p11rp1>"" that. ii ht••·: u11l' a q111>.<I i.. 11 of ,.,., , 11 ,. i 11 f,·rt·st
ii<Jw lo 11g "11 ch sn1111d s 1·01ild lie l'11il11retl by flit< J 1u 111 ; 1n <·:tr.
l du. ll oL llli·an Ill} () \\ 'II . 1\ ll Yi1ili11 i,;b, i;11·li1di1 1g i11L111l8
011 t·1.gl il 1·l' n-pe11 11y li d dl ,·~ . :td111i t l l1a t to flll·ir Pl\'11 t·ar tho
~ on11il.o; prntl11<·1.,.J a 1·,, 111dl1i11g l111t dt·liglitl'11l: it is ""ly
t.Ji ,,,,. 11·lw du 11 01. 111 :1ki· I l1t·1 11 wlit• t' l' l11pl:iin. .\ .< it. " ' 'l' llluJ

7o

O UTLI>iE <JF TOl'IU::l.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Favorito Instrument.
First Fiildh>.

:-iuec l'ss il'e Fiddles.
Character of so unds.
fi. 1nstrnc Lion.

AnsTRA CT.- 1\fy Jarnrile in st rnm cn t is th r vi ol in. At
th e age of ,; ix yt::1r,;] 11e!·:u111· Lli e ow11('J' of :u1 1·i g l1i<-<'ll Jl l' llll }' fi tld lc.
Thi,; fi11ally :;e r\' ed :1.o; !in·w11<1d. )l a11y
otlins e:une to :t like cllll. !Jut. my love fr,r ri uli11,; i11 n1 ;:1 >'< ·tl.
'J'li n so und s I _produ< ·<·d 11·1· n ~ far fro111 pk:1.,:u 1L lr1 111 y
h<·an·r~ . tliot1£;h lll<J~I tl 1·li .~·l1i rul (11 my 011·11 (': II'.
I \\'a ,;,;()
z<·:d•Jtl S. that ii. Ll·cam e adri sal.J e lo hal' C' a IL':l l'iil' r fur me,
arnl :t full- Hizccl l.iut \'('I'} IH.l<JI' riulin was 11rnc·11red.

An Abstract.- A roniln11s<·tl state 111P11t of wl 1:Lt has
u cP n writf.n11 or s p oken is a11 ,'lfisl r<ff'I.
'\Vh cn r eq nin' <l to wrilo :rn Ahstrnd . l'<'a<l eardnlly
tlw sPl ed io 11, uote th e principal topi es iu t IH~ ir nnl nr,
a1Hl tli cu mak e au 0 11Lli11 c l o g11iLle :yon . D" 11nt
writn n1 o re 011 any t n pi e titan its n ;lati1·<>. i111p< 1 rf: Lnce
<l u 11m11L1s. Be e speciall y careful 11tit t.) gil't~ 1'"' ma11y
1l e tails in tl10 £rst part of )'illll' Alisirad, arnl tlirn, in
1,n for to keep wiLl1in li111its, l1e o hli g1,1l to m:.1k c tli e

lattPr part rnn c h rnnn; eomknsed.
l'rndi ce iu 'niting A hstrnds trains ouc to sPlect
tli e lt, :Ltliug puinb of :t11 artidP, led111·P, ad1lri•ss, o r

G-1

/·,'.\'fl f,/Sff CO.lfJ'OSITJ O,,
"'

(jf)

lJ r l 'Ju C'1'1CBJ.

pO(!l11, a11d t., " "l 'l'1•s. tl '
.. t.l1U11"lit u [ tl
. .
.
s
!( . 111.u11
.
01 s1H·:d;,·r 111 a ('l<"ll' ·u 1
,. .,
1e wnter
.
\\' . .
'
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l 'l> il('ISt' sL l'!I'
..
. rll.1: ;u1 u/Js /rud 11f t ilt ,, ".'' ] <' e t.iou . 1ro
111 \r l .
as 1u1gtou
J rvJ11g 1l 11 l'i!.!.if1 !1-1.
An al 1sLrad o[ Llio .S"' ]"d ·t.IOU
. 1ll'(llt
,
l p·
ti
A n al 1strnct of tl1p " ('] ·t"
- ·1 ;rn· l t >l'llf\ p. 98.
p . J.c;.
, ·- " ' 1011 npn 11 A1l1·bitl o l'rnctor,

An alisLr:v:t 1)f tJ ie Ji oe 111, "'l'li e
nimity ," p. [i !).

Ua li1>l1'.~.·
.,

ahstrae;t of ati )P ·t .
t
1
y , c Ut e o r addrL'88
- An
IJS enc( to, or sl1 u rt st" n · \ ·0 11 l . .
1
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1 u• a fI11n1 11 11iri•'

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also s1il 1j. P.ds [11 1.

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'f ·
,.., ' c >mpos1 .ion 8 ugst1 1ry-ll'riti 11" . . 1 11
.
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n ,u,
"W g 1vH11, arnl

.. . '
, 111.e,., 1,,,.

"t·st1n -, J>i ·t

i. L. '

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l\
Iagua-

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11

.

l'l " 11 J 'L

jliL{lt' I'~

·~·

short stor1· Sll!.!!.!<!st1
:1l l1y t11is 1iidure.
""

"Sandwich,"" lnu:-Ltic," "n e ws," "alphahet, " " .T:tnuary," "Fehrnary," "l\LLreh," "April ," "l\Iay,"
"June." (Seo 'I'ronel1 011 tho Study of \\'CJr1l,.;; ::)11·inton's Ram bl cs among \\' orL1s; Dietiouaries, etc.)
Write :t pape r tell ing the origin uf te n well-lrnown
surnam es. (See Swi11tu11's "Hamblos ;wioug \Von l s." )
With out r eadiug or iu qnir_y writo a paper of 110t less
than 150 words telling w liy yuu tl1iuk go kl llreferable
to a uy other me tal for rn mrny.
Write a story, containing 225 wo rd::1, fr o m this picture.

ICSS !o"N 7'fA f ,S OF Sh'J\'1'8 1\'C/;" S7'U UCTUR I!:.

CHAP TER. \/.

CLE A JC.\ J>::;.

HE.\D carefu lly tLo follo wi u" sc u te 11ce , l
.t
.
.
•
" ·
·
·Lllt r ewn e
it so ihat rt sl 1all ex1H"ess cle 'trl)· \v"nt
t
l
l
·
l
t
ll.10 eg1s a ure
of a n e wly-admitted s tate really iu t r ud ell t1 e law to
•

<

e x pross .

"It shall be u nlawful for any pc rs0 11 to fire off or discl1 argc any p1i:;tol, rn olror, s hut -g n II , rifle or any fire-arms
wh:l.t.,;ocYcr on a 11 v pulJ!it.: road ur J1i" ltw ·ly· i
.
t
••
.. •
. •.
rt
'"
•
11 auy coun y
~ . 1ic _0Lttc <'.[~ --,or w1 tl 1111 Hi xty .1·ard Hof such public
10.11] o i l1 1g l111 av, cx"qit to <lcsl wy su 111t ! wil d , fl'l'o<' ions and
dan gt: r o 11 i:; b ea1; 1' u r a11 u lli n• r i 11 t1 1L: di Hc l1 a r ge <if Iii ~ dn ty."
H uwr ite t h e fol lo wi ng sn tli at Jw sP 11 te n ce s hall be
to ruis c<mst r net ioJJ a s l•> it.-; 11 1,.a 11 i11,..,,, ..

opc ll

01·c r the mantel ?ll r. 1Tatton h1rng a fin e cn crravinrr of
0

ll1u
M:ttl, o1rna. aml on it lie 1,hct>d
J1 is cl ·I· '"' i t
.
~
.
.
Ot \. .
'\' fl.S a
~111all
l•
r
•11r-lt t.:lut.:k n ndu r a l'l" \'"t·•l <·o t l1· t ·1
· 11
.
.
, ·• " , ''
·l
I .s rap H y

]H· 11dn ln111 could. be c·1silv secii
1\]j I ] ·]
•
•·
Jae w ors
· .1 •
l ta Ye so nic one hobby amurw ;11' i ·il'le,;
of
f11r11 1.t 11 ·.- J
1 , ., l O WCVer
]"
·
''
• .
neg igcnt (Jf the JJ" su rround in gs. '1.'l 1ere cou ld hl' no doubt
s 11· 111 g 111 g

J

Gli

fi7

fro111 tl1c ea rc wi ll 1 wl1icli .l\[r. ] latlon placed it in its pr>,ci tion, arnl fru 111 Li m e lo t im e cu n1parctl it. wit Ii hi s wa tc l1 ,
t hat Lli i,; wa,; his hobLy. 1L k ept cu r red ti 111 t.: witl 1ciut fail ing; it;; pc11 tl ul11m s wu11 g rap id ly. a nd was Jila inly Y i ~ iL l c .
Tim e past was t he l111ppi 11 css of :\Ir. "ll atlu 11. a 11 d it t ulu
hi m cout iuua lly th at the h(J ur;; of crn ry day were g0ing
orcr in to that past. Uc <l epc·mlell upon i t. He was surer
of its mech all ism than of Lliat u[ bi,; 01rn li L·:trt. "\ 11d what
wiLh hang ing his pi d urc;; a 11ll arran gin g hi s fnrni l11rc',
thro ughout t he d:1y, )fr. llaLton was bn ;;il y cml'l oycu wit h
man y other litt le t hiu gs wl1i eh hml to Le done.

I n re wri ting tl1 e a l.Jorn, yo u l1 arn <1is coYcreL1 tl 1at
ther e a re ::;o m e p 11rases so fa r r e mo Yed fro m wlrnt
t h ey moll ify as to g irn th o s e nte n ee a c1iffRr0nt mean in g from t he o n e in ten c1etl. Such se nte JJ ces are CTm-

ln'. guons.
Yo u luwe a lso n ot i c <~ Ll t h a t it w:1s n o t a hYay s cl ea r
to what the pro n o n11 s r efe n ·eL1, o r, in o th e r \\·o nl ~,
what 1roro th eir a utec e tl c11 ts .
Amb ig nons Pronouns.·-- 1>ro1101m s so ns o<l

tl 1ri.t \\"C

h a ve t o sto p a ud 1l uie rrJ1i11 ci wliat llwir a11 ieco1l 1!1it.s
are , are s aid t o li e rw1biy nous.
0:1n yon fi 11tl a sl1 o r t phrase n e ar tl1 e end o f t h e
seco utl e x. trnc t, t liat 1.Jy its p os itio n m ay moc1 if_y
eithe r wh at co mes irnm ellia tel.r lJofo r e it o r wh a t i mrn1; d iate ly fo ll ows it'?
The Squinting Construction.- A word, a pl1 rase, o r
a ehn se that m ay lie take n t o r efer e it h e r to wl1 a t
p r ece1le ::; it o r t o 11·hrtt foll o ws it h as \rl1 a t i::; ten ne Ll
th o 1>q1t i nti111j co11slrucf iun; i. e., it louks u o tl1 1rnys .

/-,',\'1 ; /. I S! ! (,'!JJl/'US /T/I J,\' } ; )" l 'N AC:J'/ ()Jl,'.

'l 'o s1 '1'1 ll'<'
(r1) f'locr·

d 1•1101css:
11111/if.11 !11'./

words, 7ihn1sr,,., a nd claus~s so

111url(/!1, /hu t. f/w r c N 111 b1>. no mi sla.ktlu•y 11 r l' i11lt'l11 lr•d l o q1111 f (/j/.
('1) .1/ cuitf I /w "mfiig11ons 11·''C 1j' rl{'r,Wmul a11d demons{ rut icr• 711·01101111s.
(c) I 'l11C'e rd11 t iu p ro1101111s su I//(( t t fwy shall ref('r
111 •o r

i 11'./

1111'

1cun f s / /,,.y

1c !t 11 t

!'/curly t o l he

(f)r/cc·r1(!'11f .

(rl ) A v11 itl t lw sq1 :i11t i 11g co11sf.r 11cl iun.
E XEH C' l~E .

lhrnTite tlie folloll"iug a rticles an(l fit''C u ro clearness
•>f staLt>rne11t. To a. n >itl Ll 10 a 11il >ign.1n s use of pro11on11H, t l1c antecedel!t may be r epeatetl, tl1 e senten ce
1u :ty b e d iYitfo d, a synoll ym rna_y be m;ed, o r a n o un
111 ay ]j,~ ,;nppliell.
F AHM MA. C ITINE RY .

A nisl amo nnl of 1nac.:h inery is no11· us ·d on farm s, and
it in<lical cs grc;1l p rogre~s th a t it has so la rgely taken the
pl :tcc of 11111 sc.:le i11 fa r m work , as it makes a !0ss laborious

occ.; 11pation of fo rming.
Hut lll()re is t his to be ~a iu - lhe s11cces~ fol operation of it
re<Jn ires either a ~pet·ial facnlty in t ha t li no or careful
training Jur it. Jt is not everyhnc1 y wh o is ski lfu l in adjusting it, or in using tuo> ls to adj11 st. it, wh en it gets out of
order. .En· ry boy whn expl'cts lo e:t rn hi s lil'in g on a farm
sltnuhl study how to use toob an 1l ta ke a n i11 tcrest in Jo0 1,.
ing in to I.he way it works. \\' hf'n it is h:1ndl e<l withont
ca r0 or 1r itho11t a n in tl'l ligl·nt cornp rcla·n siun of its mode
of ol'na fiu 11 and it:; Wl':tk point", it is nol likely to prove

profi ta ble, hut t he revers<· . J<:1·en. aulomati 1.: m:Lchi1ws : cqui ro intell igence to k eep Ll 1clll 111 goo<l co1_1di t1011 . J\othin g can ta ke the place of i11 tclligu1ce on a !arm .
. .
For fa rm use it shonl cl Lo sekcle<l wi t h care, a.s it is
much easier to buy it tl1:L11 to ·ell it again if found un n ecessar y or not pc r fodly sni ta.blc. T o lie worth .inyth 111 g
it nrn st ·!Jc looked aflcr, hpL well oiled, an d every scre w
an d nu t kq1 t i11 it posilion .
Sl l1 ARTHUR AND LADY MYAT'I' .

S ir Arlh 11r ancl L:uly ;\fyat.l, wlt u lt an· b<.,c n Yisi ling. in
thi s citv fo r U1e l:i st rn o11tli , sai le<1 un Tl 111rs1lay f11r 1\a8·
aan, wl;·e re lh cy will remai11 unti l J 1111e. '.l' h0 h ospitalities
sh own hy t.lll' lll ln A11 1c riean:; at. thei r home when 1·1s1tmg
N :Lssau , a rc so ma11 y and so ddig hl f'ul tl 1at on t heir few
b:"i cf Yis ils here t.h cy are consla 11 tly e11tcrtai11cd . T hey
were ill wh en th ey left llii:; cily, l1aY ing contractrd
severe colds j nst before their depar t ure, m'.<1 t his ill111·sR
h as p reYCn tc1l tli ci r rd u rn i11 g or a.<:k11 owl e<l g1 ng .the many
court esies th ey rcre irnd. 1\ calil e will be l:ml lv the
isl a.n<l fro m tl ie mai11la11 <1 ne xt mon th, a11 d bolh o[ tl1 l'fil
will und ou btedl y fi11J their c1111rle:;y Laxe<l lo th e u t most by
tho in crcasrll Jlltlll bcr 11f vi sitors whi ch its op eration will
!ltt ract to the " Isle of Junl·.''
UN ITY.

Compa re tl1 e foll o wiu g Pre face with th o re writte n
form, a.rnl note tlie lli ffere n0cs.
"I shall be satisfi ed wi t h a mere existen ce for my book,
if only it prove a litll e i11 lcrcsl in g to men an d women, who ,
ca11ed upon to pursue, som e what too ri go rously for t heir
likin g, th eir daily dn l ios, arc glaJ , every now an d again,
when their fed are 011 the fo nder, anJ th ey arc l:l U1-rou11 Jcd

7:2

1-:1\ 'Uf, /S!f ('r)J {f'11Sf'l'/ OX /;}" / '/iA (' 'l / ('fiJ.

more idPa of go ing tn :«·a tha!l I lia \'('. a ~ I :; it wri tina
tlH.,w l\'IJl'(l ~ . of' taking 111." d l' part11rl' f" •rfl11ri t l1 . Pre thi s ink
he <lry, to I hf' la11d 1i-l1i1 ·h lie>~ l':t s l ,,f th(• rn o1111 a11d west of
tlt1· 1;1111, i111kt: <l, I may ~ay - a11il wi t Ii no i11tc11t to exaggcratP - to th e Ca1111ilial hl:t nd .-; t li (' 111.·wh·c·s."
" 'l'.11<: air hrc:tJ nc r·o]d (• r ;111d 1·1.ld1·r :is th e sfr·a111 r r lwpt
stPadl:tsl ly 01 1 111 '1' ll':l_Y du11·11 1111· l1al'l 1or. I l1f' ;; t<•r111 i11 1· rl'asr•d
i11 l'i11l1·11 1·1· 1111 til it ll'a s i11 11'o·' ·' ild u tn 1:s1·apu f'rnn1 its on set
in tl11'.s li l' lt1: r "f' a11J 11 011k 11 1· ' ">l' ll l'r 1111 dt... k. 'l'lil' l«IJ• taiu
1rn<l piln l par·Pd t o a11d f'ro " 11 I hl' IH·id ,i_:·(', sL 111111 i 11 g th eir
f(:l'f,, h1·at in g t li cir lia11d ,,;, ldin king a11d. 1ri11ki11g :1h 1·ad in to
tlw ey e of t he 1ri11rl , fro111 t i111 e to t i111 c t 11rning tlil'ir haeks
Lu th e· gal e t o ca tl' h brcat lt :1st l1 ey rnl1l!l·d t.li eir ll i•scs, already w ; red a:; th e po rt :;i1le -li g !1t or th l' :;tvant(·r. "

" Con t in u in g on wa rd fo r a mil e from wh1 ·re l h:11l pa 11 scd
to " llj ur th is rl1·lcetalil e \'it·11', l c:un e to a 1da1·t· 11·l1C'rl' . nea r
tl1 <• r":1d , a1 1d i•dll' l'l' ll i t a11d tl11 · " '1"r'" ""'rL· .'f• n·r:t! J:ircre
~ al L - p:tn s tl 1e J..,(( 0111 :-; of \\'li it·lt . h i11 g lo11·l'I' tii: 111 Jii gli11·:111·1· 111ark. 11·t·n· 1·:i;; i 1.1· ' '"1·1·r1·d ll'i l It "'':t-ll'al1·r i" J,,. 1.1.,1' ,0 ..
1
r:li 1·d, it'al'111 g 1111 · sali , \\' l1i 1·li j ,; \':1n ·f1ill y "' ·r:qwd 1.. gi·lh cr
i11 1·il1 '.'< , :11 1d t 111•1 1 t ak (' ll :II\' :!." [<) '" ' "lt i)'j 'I'"· ()/' 1'11/' ll St: in
lw111t• 1"111 ,; 111111'1 i"11. 111 I Iii.-< 1ra1-, 1'1 ·"111 t Ii i: l' :t ri 1111 s ,;altpa 11s i11 th 1· i.-l:111d tl1t· n· :t rl' g:t l l1 l' n·d :i 111 1n:ilil' f, 1.t wi't·u
tw Ll l'l: a11d fift (·1·11 th u11 sa11 d l1:t l'J'l'ls ,,f' p11u· H.'a-s;dt. "
:-iTJU-: ~CT!l.
1

'1 h e fo ll o wi1 1g nrti t: le is 'nittPu ill sn ch a mann e r
t lia t i t 11o r s 11 ot mak r tl1 r 1110<.;.· t. fn 1·<·i' l 1_lt• imprcss10u
·
·
u po n tl w n •:i d1· 1" Ex:L111i11 t• il l' l.,s 1!1 1'.

E'!:3S1':N'l'.f..11,S IJ/l 8!CN'l'!i':\' l'fi:-8TU UC T UJU;'
RE.\.rING IN BED .

I am bouud to say that lial1it11al, sns!ai11(•11 rraJ in g in
Led is qui te a.s u111:0111f'urtaLle fur th o l11111 •:rn !'ramr as
it is dan gc r11u s to th o human t.: hitra ctcr.
Jt cann ot Le
un dc rta lrn;i wi t h e 11 Lire success. Y ou lie t1 oll'n , rny, on
your hack , nml settle your li c:ul r os il y 11p(1n t he pill ow,
;llltl pcrli :q1..,, Lo 8far t \\'iLli, liul tl Uw bo11k Lefo re yon in
lint h hand s. Ftor a tim e yon are co rnfortahl e, hu t nut
for lo11 g. The p o~ it . io11 of t he ann s bi: co mr s · fati g uing.
Yon wiL11dm11· one f'rn111 t.he book, a111l co mrn ent:c ag: tin.
13ut th e u t ili zu1l a!'m speed il y g rnll' s ll' Car.v, an1l tlw chances
are that you d rop t.l1e v0lum1; an<l go oll to slee p . lca1·ing
g:i.s, lamp, or cn 11 Jl c lrnrni11 g - wliid1 is n ot. l'L' l',Y sa fe a nd
no t very he:1lll1fnl, hut is p os il ivl'l y unh eal th ful a nd unsa fe. l'en :liancc yon try t li f\ effl!et of rnt.:! ini11g on one
sid e, lean ing d own on one arm , :wd li r, Jil in g tl1(; l1o••k by
m eans of the oLli er. That., al so, i ~ pleasant f'ur a 111 omcnt,
h11t yonr e11Jow- tl1 e one on which ynur \l'l·i .~ lit. is tliro wnsoon aches. l'crhaps y 1>11 turn rou nd and t ry t he ot hrr fo r
a wh il e. JJnt i11 t.111 ,,;l· rnaLlers 011<1 (· ]how is l'< ·n· like its
brotl1l'r, a11d bcfu re l1111 g- yo u nre on th e look -ou t fo r
a1111th L·1· at.L itudc.
W hat may be call ed t.h c last i11firn1i t.y (J f Lili • d ct.n m i11 ed
rc:1d er in bc1l is hi s final dec isiull t.o si t up ;u 1d rL·:l\l in t lta t
f':lsl1iun. F or a certai n more nr !es:; br id l"' riod, nothin g
1·oul1l be better. At th e rxp iratin n o f a fe w 111inu tcs, yo u
rcaliz o that you arc ge tt i11 g a so rt of nam p in th e k IH' Cs ;
that yon arc s toopin g too rnu e h, and bl'ndi11 g )' tlltr ~ p i n e ,
and altoge tl 1er makin g a toil of jtl 1•as 11n ..
The silnat ion, it n ce11 hardl y ht • sairl , is still h·ss a (l. r:tef. i\' Ll wlt en th e weat.lil'r is •·11ltl , a nd the dl'1.rt lo k1 •r· t• 1rarn1
is add t:rl tu llie cncl l'arur tu n ·:1d . Y1111 l1a,·c 11·r;q 1pct1

78

!CS8J.:N'J'l A f,8

ENOLISJl C0lt{]'0S l1'/0N BY PRAUTIC!i.

\\'rite a story su ggeste J by the two pictures.
It \\'ill gi 1·c1 nu-ioty iLrnl iu tcr0s t to let a part of the
eh ss tell tl1e story sugges tell hy th ose pi ctures ent i roly l•.Y th o t' \ll1 Yenmti() 1t tl1 :1.t is s1111posnd. to lmvo
bk1•11 pL teo. Th e writ.i11g of di:duguo is a very valuable e xerei::;e iu eornp()sitiuu.

'.

;. - -

~-- ~
~

, ,-

.: · · -

-

-

~~

'

~~~;;;~r::C- ~--:·
----

-~~--

_

___,..- -

·-

I) fl'

8/CN'l'Ji;NCJC-81'1( UC'J' UJ(E.

70

·:·_,_

Sl' 11.J Lt 'T:-; 1-'<> l l Sl[OJ{'l' I'. \ l'J·; f( S.

rrontl c :111d

\\'ri Lt1 a 111·11'.'4 art j,.],. j,, y on r 1<><'a1 Jl:L[l<'I" of nnt le,,
l.11 :111 J(l l) 11·o r1I,..;, ;.; ii i11g a11n1'<'fl1t11 t 111' n Jiro, a p:H·atle,
u1· ;1.1 11· U\'l'llL 11 [ i11!.>r1 •,..;t.
Yo 1t l 1a1·1· l11·:Lr1l ;t11 i11t.·rpsLi11 g 1·" 11Y1 :rsatitJ 11.
p1 ·ud1 1i·1· ii., g i1·i11g :ill tli1 1 l1rigld; a 11tl
,.;aid .

He ~

\\"ril 1: a .1i:1r_1· <>f Sf'lio1.J lik fu1· U11) pa,..;t 11· pe k.
\\"rif <l an :t1l 1·,·rLi ;.;e m 1· 11 t "f pn>pP rL_r o r g oo1ls

t>

t IUL t- s l 1e

;;1h.t

.
lirng
t j ia I.,

. } L l ll l "bt.:

Jil l '.

i, t 11·:1.; :tlil i ll'I ; I.
l 1;L(';
I ! 11 I ll'<lltl' I.

, ;J .-i lll'l'
j >i>'

'l'liL'

t II

l1 l '

}ll"' l<'l'

ill

t.l1 :d.

1111 g I
•
1' _- ,, . , d 1 ~ :1in
11'1'1. t t '.'I I i•IJ 111_•1· bro w w;i ;-; \\"jJJ1 Ly ;-; u \ i·1111 .- . .l1l iI . ' '
. I 111 .,.1 1. a 11 r 1·t 1 \' 1tt1 c
1 w:1s s 11rt"· :uttl .111 my 1111. 111 l l l i.lt
•
,·
.
. ll
,
.
l
L
rr,
'" '"· 11 I k111·1r 11·, 1. .
J'Ulli' JIH'() CU l!1' l) J'!llli g
il•J' j>:l.;
I l ·
'
I . t
L I f l t l t "1 d ], ('!' t 111 s I 11 () l\<1 ! ! •'h to <' \ \ll'l'c' S t 1c 111 1· r c.;
" _.
J· ,
,J
"'
. ] ."
•.J
\\' ji ! 1 :t llll'l'l'\" ],,., ' 1 li.l L 1 11.1
·111 ·L11" c I had ' I' .u111 . .
.
l I
·1
I
· ·
· 111 ·11
l f .. ·I , l1 1re11· l1 :w;I Jll'I' l 11 ·:11l .1
, 1••- '. '"
lle Yt ·r set: n
ll' 11 11 ..• :--\ lL
I l
I i J
wha t a1 1111....: 1·d
h carlill'. So1111·11·h:d. , ]i~ 1 ·1J1 1..:1·rt. 1"
:t:o;1 ·1 i1·r

\\' :l S

'" L'

lie r, :u;<l ;;he ;;ai 1l ... ·

·...... '

:Fi 11 i sh, ns i 11g :200 " '" n 1"·
\\'r ite :t sb ry ,.;nggt'>' t " ·1 I 1· ti 11·" 11 icl.1t n".
1

1

'.

~:"'.

t-',.'

"

at tlin ca11L11rn
["lJif'r al1011t it.

".

\\ ' ri L1 i a p: 1p1 ·r, :i.li1i11t :21)0 wo rds .I ll lr· ngtl 1, g 1\'lll g
1·r': Lsn1 1:-; w 11.1· .J 1tly ~ Hl1 onld he kept a,.; I 11dl'p(mdence
J )a_r i 11 st1 :ad .,f .J 11 ly ·I.
SISTER MONICA .

Long ag11, wliil1· r \\' :LS k111H'ki 11 ,£; ali<111 L t.h n \\'ill'ltl i11 l L
vain L'lldt•;t\'l ) J' f.o ll1akt: 111 ,1' r(IJ'f.11111 ·, I \\': 1s ~ 11d1li-11l y iak1;11
i ll in tl1 n ;;Lr•·l'ls of J';11·i s. \\ '111· 11 I rl'g :1i 111·.J 1·1111s c i o11 ~ 11 uss
T 1'1>111111 t ha t l had bt:1 ·11 car ri 1·d lo :1. s111:tll pri1·a f.e lwspit:d ill t he ~U fJiir JJ ,; . f W;J S ll l ll'Sl',J ll'ilh f l' lidt•J' (';[!'() Jiy
a s 1rr:et- l'a1 ;1·d wo111 :u1 who 111 t Ji,; p:1ti1 ·11 ts 1' ail 1'<I :--;j stcr
:'II u11 i1:a . ; \ ,; l ,t;rc·w st run:.;1·1· I fo1111 d 111 _l'St·lf 11·011 d 1•ri 11g
id ly wha i. li:ld !HTli i it·l' j~ il -'! 11!'1 ·. ~iH· i1:td 11qL ahr;i._\·~
lit:<' ll :t 111 11':-H', f IL L.-i :i ill' l', l'11r ~ 11l1il' li 1i11.!!; i11 lJt•r pa it', n·l111 ed
face, SO!Jl e fai11t. li111•s 1wr1·l1:11 1rr' ur 111·1 ·1 in!:i e xpn•ss ion,
mad e Ill e think o f Lh1: st un· o r l-:1·:111 .!..il' li1 11 " I fl' r voi« e was
low a1111 c ll'ar, iin olqi jj!-'.J1l a !l d lirn1, :1.11 .J hl'I' 1.. 111 11 su

~·

'f-_'

1 ' ,

\\"h en T ca111 c n r ar l!JC
r<1i lroad -! ra e k, l h (·ar<l Ili c
so ng of th e I<:lcg rn ph -wi n:s.

\\'h e n .I can w n ea r th~
railro:lll-lra ('k , I l1< ·:1nl the
so 1111(l whi ('l1 t he wi11cl blow ing o n th " l l' kgr:iph - wi res
<·a11 ;;ps

CH APTE R VI.
r1c: l lHATI YE LA!\'(:( f ,\( m.

H 1·:1\ D th o s c 11Lt •11< 'l 'S pr i11tnd <l J•)'ositc oac li oth e r an 11
lll>te iu \\·liat w:ty tl1 1•.1· diffo r.

"r rt.Ill an age1l li t> nilnc k.
Tli c slnr 111 s or a li1111 d r1·d
year,; har e II' h is t. k tl I Ii ro1 w l1
rn y b ratl('lH!H."
"'

I a111 an a ,g l·<l 111an. J have
Pt1 d 11 rt ·d tit1 : t':l.l't'S ;u1d 80rl' O \I' ~ 111' a li111Hln "l yt«1 rs.

lh1·111 Lu 111:1k c.

T lw tl1 n 11 ~'. l1t i11 !.1 1(· s( ·11! 1·1 1t'<':-i ou l l1 e ld t s il1r: of
t.li o p :i.g (! is <' ': pr« s"'" ' i11 ( ." inuratiw~ la11 g na g< ', w l1ilo
i n t l11 1:-i<' 1111 tl1( • rigl1 l tL .. S;t.ll ll! tl1()H g l1t is e Xl'l'l 'SS 0l1 in
l'Ltin, or L itPrnl l:i.11 g 11 a g1" Wl1i <:; li is tli e mo re vil'i d '!
I u fi g urntin: b11 g 11<1 ge wonb Hllll phrases are us c<l
in n, Ho use di ff" l't' llt fro11 .1 t.liat g e 11 e r:dl y a ss ign e l1 to
tl 1e rn. '1'11 0 vari .. 11 s 11,.;e ,.; o f su ch wo rds a utl ph r n.ses
are 1"ig un's of ~[ ' < '<' L·li.

T lH' I ca rs rai11 ctl <11 )11·11 h!'r
fa ce.

JI (' I'

"I <'<) 11 ld no t 1"11 Ji .. r. fo r
t h e hc1y had t il·d 111 y l1 111 g 1w
ln· t hl : pl 1•1l g 1•.

I <"< Hild 110 1. lt·ll lH·r, ht·(':lll o' l'
h:1d 1•r11111i s1·d t lt u
IJ11r I 11"< 111ld 11 .. 1.

~w 1ii,n 11 cc ,.;

' l'IH~ g r·1 ·: d. l1 i~ ~ i11 g h w11 11 111-

' I' /,,. gT,.:1/ J.,1·<1 1110/ i i' " frn111
11·J1il' li t Ji ll si<o:llll l'St':fj1t'IJ
wit l1 a sl 1rill :;uu11d we nt
11as l.

Tl11•,.;t: H(• 11L1 1u<·1 :s dn 11 11 t. <:011tain simil eH :
l\: q 1u lro 11 was Ii ku C :\.' ~ar .
'l'l1 u ;;ty lc u[ lii R wri t in g ii; lik e Inin g 'R.
111 oad 1 c a~m n,r o tli c two th iugs co m pared of th o
:-;au1 e kind or of Lliffe re nt ki1H1s '!

( i ru

\l"l' tJ t

pa:; L.

It \\·as fh c in th e rn n n 1i11"
:111 d t he air wns lii t in g . .~f
l1:1 d to bury my harnls
my
p o l·k l'L; and t ro t .

j;,

Th <' tl«trs ran fo ot 1lown
fa<'l'.

I I 11·as fir e i 11 lJH, morn i 11 •Y
a11d 1l1l1 air was very <: hill ~:
r 11:1 '1 t o p11l. rny hands 1l r !'p
d o\1'11 in 111 y p1w k1·I.' a11<1 r 11n
\I ii Ii sl 11 1rt 'Jlli !' k Slt'jlS.
t':.!

SIMILE.

T li e simpl eHt F ig ure of S p eec h iH tlrn S im ile. The:;e
L:n n t ai11 simile s:

11 is ry e iJ ro1rn <JY('rli1111g lii,; faL:C /ik1: 11

s1 ·rrr11.

ll1•r l'a i: u grew n ·d as Jin'.

Simile.- Th e co rn p n,rison of two unlike tliin gH t o
sh ow that th ey httvo so me qualities in co1nrn on is called
~\'i 1 11ik

l'oiut out tli e simi les nu pages 4\) au<l GU.

80

87

B:NGLIS/l CO.l/f' OSJTJON BY PllACTJUBJ.

F/1/ UUA'J'Jl'fi; J.ANf; U.·108.

attrib u te life to wirn]s atHl flo wers iu se11tcuccs (a) aud
(b); tlw.t the \\' on ls "looks" 1rnll "sheds a l'lessiug"
a]l(l "passe1l tli eir we;Ll'.Y shape" canse you to thiuk
uf tl 1u "su.u" <.LUtl the" wet clays'' as persons. 'Vords
wliieh CiLUS O yo n to tlii nk of ina.nimate tliiugs as haviug life om bOlly ;t personification.

Riding all <lay tlic wilt] bl 11 e waves till n ow,
Houghcni11g their cres ts, and sca t tcrillg high their spray,
And swelling the white sa il. I welcome U1cc
To the scorchc1l land, thou wanderer of the sea!"

Personification. - A figure iu 'rliicl1 lifo is attributed
to in n.1 1imate tl1i11g-s i;i <:allcd Pcrsr1111jicutio11 .
l\,int out tlrn P e rsouific11tious iu "The Dawn," p.
101.
A POSTHOPlfE.

Compare these examples of Apostrophe with the
exampl es of I'orsouiticatiou.
(a) "Holl on, tlio11 Jeep and <1ark Llne ocean,- roll!
Tc11 tlwu sancl fl ee t.:; swee p o rcr thco in vaiu ."
HYllON.

(b)

" Bell! thou 80nmlcst rn crrily;
'l' c lle~t thou at crc n ing,
Bed- t ime draweth nigh!
B ell! t. li ou so11mlr·st. rn ournfully,
TcJk:;t th ou th e hitter
Partin g hath gone Ly!"
I ,mm l•' ELLO"T.

(c) "Spirit that lirca t he't thrn11gli my latt.i ee, thou
'l'hat e o ol'~ t th e Lwili g lit <•f Ll1e sultry day,
Gratcf11lly 11011·~ th y fl'l·~ li11c·~~ ro1111rl 1ny brow;
Thon ha~ t bc·v11 out npon the deep at play,

llHY .\:-;T .

(rl) "But, ahs! yon arc not all here ! Time an d t ho
san<l have thinned your ranks. Preseutt, l'ut11am, !::i tark,
Brooks, Heall, l'o rn croy, Bridge! Our cyc·s seek for you in
rnin amid this lirokc11 band . You arc gat hered to your
faLh crs, and live only to yo ur co1111 t ry in Jin g rat ef ul remcmLrn.Hcc and your own bright exam pl e. " - -\\. EU tiTLl(.

Apostrophe.-A figure in which a person or thing,
insteaJ of being spo keu uf, is adJres8ed dire ctly, ns if
prcseut, is called Aposli·opl1c.
·what grammatical persou is 011 1ploye Ll in P ersonificatio n? 'W hat in Apostrophe?
Point out the examples of Apostropho in "The
Chambered Nantilu::;," p. !)\).
ALLEGOl\Y.

Read as examples of Allegory Hawthorne's" Littl e
Daffytlowuclilly," "Celestial Hailroatl, " aud E wc rso u's
"JUonutain aud tli e Squirrel."
Otli er ex:1mples of allf\gory aro: Ba11yaa's "Pilgrim's Progress," "Gnlliv<,r':; Trav els," tlie CXXX.
Psalm, aHcl th e closing pu:;sage of Lo1igfellow's poew,
"The SLip of State."

88

ltLNO f.ISJf UO.lll 'OSl'l'ION RY !'JU U'J'IGE:

FfU u u ,tT! VE LA NO UA.OE.

Allegory.-A fictiti ons story i11trudc<1 hy the very
form :o,dopte<l to snggcst so me trnll 1 or moral without
sp c-: 1.k i11 g of it di rrct ly, is c::i llefl au Allegory.

U')

89

"We plant upon tl1 e :;u nny lea
A sll({dOIU fo r tl1e 11 00 11 ti(lc hour. "

Fables

ilHY .\:0-'.r.

(g) "For in thy lo11cly and lovl'ly i;t rvam ·
An ima.gc of t hat c:i.lm life appea r,;
'l'hat won my ho:ut in my !Jl'te11cr years."

iLud parnul cs :Lre c bssccl as allegories.
;\I l·:Tn:\)'~IY.

Tl1e rn r ntinn <>f tl11• 11·or11 St. 1{p]pna rnlls instanth
to your 111 i11 11 tl'. o 1r,,r,1 .:\'111iul1·1111 ,· tl1 1) 111 ,·11Liu11 , ~f
s111111·, ·1ci11!er; of tl1nit!l\ /;/11'} <1t' (jUl'l: n : of \\ ' lti tt-1
} [011sc', ! flt' P1·<'1i icll'11f. Tlin n·aso11 t.l1at tit <· 111 1~11Li11 11 of
on e wonl can,.;es ns to think of anfltl 11·r, a ,; , for
i11stauco, tl1e lllOll(ion of sno 11· c: t11 ,.;<~ s ns t o tl1iuk o f
" ·inter, i>i b eerrns0 ll1r t\\'o things wl1i clt t 11 0 wonh
1'0j>rr·sc ut are 11:1.tnrall." associ:tlr: d with rae li other.
'\\' li;it l1ave yo u associated in y o ur miud wi th each of
tlie folloll'iug:

Victori a?
Gray ltairs?
J aY:t '!

'l'ho gran· ?
SL11•l.1· tl10 foll 1mi11g nxampl0R :
(a) \\'h e n tho Fn·n c li i111·:1 >1!'1l tli r rr ilony o f New York
Llwy \\'(' J'<l ce rtain o f ll1l' a id o l' a th•11 1 ~ a11d l o111a/11uuks.
(/1) I le rvsc an<l ad drv~~. cd t ii l' 1·/111/r.
(1') 'l'h c 711'11 is mi gliti(·r tita n tl1 c sl('1Jrd.

(1!) lli s wi t set the fut./1• in:• n>ar.
(c) " Th e frnita~l' of lli i.-; ap]'l<'-!r c\',
\\'i nd s and 011r//11y nf st ri pe and star
ohal1 l1e:1r (1) 1•oasts that li(\ afar. "

ilJ(Y .\:-;T.

Metonymy.-A figure in wl1i cl1 th e nam e of 0110
thill g is pnt fo r th e ll: Ll!JO of auo tl1er, tlie bn1 Lcing so
u.ssoci:Ltetl that th o rn eution of one naturally calb tho
othe r to millll, is calleL1 llf P:!ony 111y .
Poiut out tl10 exa mpl es of l\1etouymy iu 13 nutl U, p.
l:l Y:\ECDOC lI E.

Notice th e foll o wing:
(a)
(/J)
(I')
(rl)

Thirt.y sail \\' ere SC'l' n on Llw lak ('.
] fc W:LS a n old lll ;tn Of eigJtt'y /l'lllf('}'S ,
.·Ill th e 1cor/1! k11011·s what l1is l'i1:1r;1 clc r i ~ .
lt was a little hamlet of, s:1y, t1re11ty rn rf~ .

\Yli:i.t i,.; rn c a11t liy "thir ty s"il ., (11 ) '! \\'l 1at l1y
"<·i ;.. : l1 Ly winlas" (11) '! \Vl mt 11y "id/ I /I(' 1cu1'i1l" (1')(
\Vl1:1.t is mea11t by " twe nty rur!f:~" (rl ) '?
Synecdoche.-A tig 11 re in wl1i c11 tl ir: 11 a111e of a part
is pnt fo r the ll:LlllC nf tli fi wJ1oh!, or tll(' lialll O uf fo e
wb o le for that of a part, i:-; ca.11ct1 !:iy11cedudie.
ANTITflESrn.

Nuti ce tl1 cse s e11tences :
flHYA NT.

(11) 'l> ee d~ show what. 11·c· an·; word ~ . 1rhal we shonltl be.
(/1) 'l'l1(')' 11'(, r<; ene111i":; i11 war, Lu t in ]'l'<ll'l', fri en d:;.

0()

!CNUIJS!l COJfP(}~fTJO.\- 111' l'RA CTI CR

(1·) A ~ta r f'1 •r 1·1·• ·rr Si al P a11rl :t kta le ft1r e1·(·ry star
1
rt) "r·or llH~ll rnay \'011 1e :t lld i11c•11 n1ny go,
·
nut I go 011 furerer."-1'/w JJr uu!.:.

!) 1

(d) "EY c ry g reat refonn , every n otable a<lvan ce in ci Yili zatio n , erl' ry ~t ru gg l c for li berty, e1·c ry contest for thr
ri g hts of rn:m, ern ry g rnnol cd11 cat io11:d m ove ment, almost
eYcry co11 ccrlcd :ttten11 1t to proclai 111 t.he gosp1•l of 1wa1 ·t• in
foreign la11 ds, h a;:; found ils in spira tion i11 ~ e w E nt;land .··

Climax. - - A fign re i11 wh ic h a s(']'i<·s of tl1011gli tf; or
s tutc m oJJ b is so n.rrange(l that t li n ro is a gnl.(ln a l
iu c r e m;o i n imp o rtan ce ur iulmisity, is call1 ~ \l Cli111u.i:.

El'l<;JLD I.

i

Ex a 1np lcs of c pigr:t1n:

JHONY .

('.r) Thl' l·ss: ty wo1il tl l1:t1·e h<"cll fillrr, if it had n ot been
so 111 11:.
(11) )lak e h:1stc slml'l y.
(c) l lopt• is In ti. tlie tl r\•a m o f those tl1at wak r .
(rl) l\fa1·y has a sl r0 11 g irill. \\'ell, s he is li er m oth er 's
(] :lll g!t t1· r !
(e) 'J'lic rn ore liasi(' Llw Jv..:s speed .

Epigra m:-..\. figm c in wl1i ch t l1 ere is :rn app11.rcnt.
<'011t rad1'.·t.1011 lwt11·<'r. ll Ll11~ li te ral nie1 u1i 11g of tl1 0 w o rds
:u1t1 tl1 e 111t1· 11d ,·tl 11J narri 11 g is c:tll~! tl J;j1 if/1'l1111..
CLDI.\ X.

ExaJJ1p lPs of cli 111 ax:
.
.
(it ) p•en1· 1· 01c•11
c·(• i.' a '111iv wl1i1·li ma n owes Lo himse lf,
lo hi s r11·1 glil1or., . to :di r 11:111~i11d , and lo C ud.
(/1) l':1 li t· 111 ·1·, l1 1111 1i lil.1'. and u t.ter fo rgc t.fnlnl's::; of self
are t Ii(• l rt11· roy a l <pi :dit j'""·
(··)
" T l1,·irs 110{. lo rnake rr•ply,
'l'l1l'i rs li"l ' " r.·: 1.,11 11 II'
'l' IJ(•irs l111 t. !(> ,) 1 , and die>

,;r,

Exampl es of iro ny:
(a) Ko doubt yo n coi.il dealers wish t hat !.he win ter may
lJC an extre m ely rni lLl one.
(l1) Yon arc a manl y fe ll ow to treat you r siste r in that
m a nner.
(c) T h e com m ittee will have r en<l cr ed its fin al rep ort by
th e next de cal1 e.
(d) Y on ha ve cared for t h em? Y es, as the h awk cares
for the starlin g, aUtl t h e woH fo r th e lamb !

Irony.-A figmo in whi c h a nything is sPrmingiy
p r a iKP<l , wl1 o u tl1 0 r eal pnrposc is tu ridicnk it , is
call e d

Iro11y.
I NTEimOGATION.

A leader to a.rouse t h e gla<li ators wh o w e re hi s fol l o we rs said: "ls S1mrta d ea ll? Is the ol d (:rP•·ia11
spirit froz e n in you r \'(! ins?" Co 111p:Lrn tlr n forn1 of
his w ords with tlris iotatu 11 1n11t: Sparta is i 10t tl calL
Th e olcl G re« ian spirit is 1111 t froz1.•11 ill _Your V(~ i11s .
Co111paro) "\\' ill 1w t tlin .f 1ul ge (If al l tlie earth do

.. -!

f'.i

02
rigltt ?"

F:NO t:IS/f CO.lf/'08/TION JI V /'NA C'l'TCE.

\vith 'l 'l1 c Judge of all tlt e earth will do

rig lit.

Interrogation. - A figu re in wl1icl1 a <}llcst ion is nsked
to o htaiu iufornrnti oll, lmt to ;1 ss1: rt strnugly the
re ve r:;e o f wlia t i>:i miked, i>:J c:dlcd Ill tt~ rr oga ti o u.
tt\lt

EXCLA :'o f ATlON.

Compare the exn rnple8 of Exclamatiu11 with the
8e utc n c_:es printed opposite.

FTO UHA 'l '!VE J,ANO UAflh,'.

(!1) Tltc war es r:Ln ·111111 u tla i 1u; high.
(1") Tt rai11l'd .floods .
(11) 'l' l1c 1cli ute city was present.

011ly tl1ree thousa 11 t1 sbrs ea11 be see n at one time
liy tl 1c uak c tl ey e und e r tl1 e m ost fav o ralil c ci rcnms bJJ Cl) S .

Compare th e statements rnat1 o in tl1 0 cxampk~
about l11c u u111 ber of >:iiars Heo u iu tl1 0 :-;ky, th e lt1)igl1t
of the waves, auJ the amount. of rain, with th e actual
truth.

"H ow dear to my hc·art
Thr. sr0 11 (•,.; (J f my cl1ildarr. l it e scc11cs of my cii ihl - li()od are dea r to 111y li l'art.
ltood !"

Ryperbole.-The e xaggeration of facts to ma ke th e m
more im presHi ve or vi vi tl is call eLl IJ.ype'l·uule.

"\\l l1at :t worltl of nwrr 1'J 'lit·i r nH•lo1l y foretell~ a
lll C11t t li1 ·ir llH:lody forctL·lls !'' mirl<l of lllL'ITi111 r• n t.

ON()~fATOPCEIA.

"\\' li :Lt sigl1s li:1 1·0 h<·1·11
~ ighs l1an: IH·en wa fted
w:1.ft1·d a fl l' r lltat. ~ltif'! w hat ;1 ftvr 111:11 s hip . f'l'a _rt"rs ham
pr:1 Yl'rs li:tl'\' lw<· 11 rilfrr1·d 11p 111·1 ·1 1 "lrl'r\ .. J 11p at lite d ca L t ll\; desL·rt1 .. J lir1•s id L· o[ s1·rl 1·d lin ·s id\• 111' l1u11tL'.
lt o tn e! "

(11)

" H ow they clani.; and clash and roar.
\\'It al. a ltu1-ro1· t li l'y 011t.p1111r
On the IJoso111 of t li e pal pi I.al i11 g air!"
F ro m" '!'li e u .. 11s, " l1y Eur: .·1t t :\1.1 .. 1;-; I'm·:.

E xc lamation. - A Ji ;..,: t1r1• i11 wlii el 1 tlto f.!to11gl1t iH pnt
:1 1 l. lt1~ <' X('l:1.1t1:Lt<>ry fontt iu o rLl l' r tu ex press Lleup feel 11::~ is eallct1 E xcLL1 11ati1111.
J IYl 'E!UlOLJ·:.

l·:\:l11t j1J1 •,.; of h1·JlL' l' lJ.1]p:
(<t)

Examples of ouomatopce ia:

"T li 1· tll"iliglit. l1011r:< lih l1i rd ~ lll'w liy,
;\ " l i .~ltl h· ;111.J ''" rrl'( •;
'/'1•11 l!11111s1 111• I .<l:1r." 11-. ·1-. · i11 i.111: s /;y,
1'c11 l /111 11s11111/ i11 I Ji,. ~ e a."

(/,) "Tli o 1·la<"ki1tg nf Lit (\ mill, tlto l'l',L'.ttl:irh l"L'" ltrri11 g
;.;trokv or lit e flail. Llw dill o r tl 1e lila(~ ks rnitli' ,.; li :lll lllll'I', llil'
wlii s tli11 .L'. .,f th e ploug lnna11. t li e rat.llin g of tit\: 1·:irl., a11d all
ot he r ,;n1111d ;; uf I'll ra l lalto r , ;Lre 8ll SJ> C' lld\ •1 l. "
Fro111 "Tlte \\" id o w a11d Jt,.r S11t1, " l1y \\ ",1~ 111 r; i:'1'11 ,.,. !Jt\" 11'1!.

(c) " . . . antl l1oarsely ro1111d t he: k(·Pl
Th e 11ark wav es 11111r11111rud as the sl1ip fl(•W 011."
Fr11111 ll11Y .1 11; '1'· ~ Tra11 ~l a1i<> 1J .. r •li e " I l iad ."

Onomatopceia.-- A c nrn·,.;1><J111l1 :11cu h nbv f'f' l.l tLe som1d
au ll tlw ;: e 11Sl '. i;; L' :d l1•d ( i/1 1111111fn1>o' i a.

ICNO J,/ Sll COM!'OSJTION lJY PRACTICE.

E XA'\!PL1~S

OF Fl<iCHES.

Point out a.ml name the figures in the following:
1. Those who ham p assed th e win tl' l' in th e country are
Sl' ll sihle of th e delightful influ en<·Ps tlrnt acco11qia11 y t he
r:1rl iest inll iL,at ions nf s pri11g; and o[ tli e:o-r. 11 01H! are more
11 el igh tful lhan lli c first not es of the binl s. Th e re is one
1nod est li llle s:u l-culo red 1Jin1, lllll<"h resc mhli11 g a wren,
whi ch came :1bo11t lhe ho use jm;l on the skir ts of winter,
wh en not a blad c: ol' g ras ~ "·as lo be see 11, and when a few
]'rematurely warm c1ay s had g ir en a fla t tering Coretaste of
S< lft weat lH·r. l le sang early in the da wnin g, long befo re
s unrise, and laie in the crc nin g. just brfore the closing in
uf 11i •'ht, hi s n1:di11 <1. J)(] his respur h y mn s. lt is trn e, he
sa ng -~lcl' :tsinn : tll.1· tl 1ro11gho ut th e day; but at t hese still
J\() 11 rs, Iii ,; so n .~ \\"as llH•r(• rl' markc<l. I le sat 011 a leafless
t l"l'<', just J,l'f,n·c liil' window. a11 cl warlill'il forth hi s notes,
fl'll" am! si111pJ1., hut. sin gularl y swe<·t.. 11·ill 1 so met hing of a
1il :1.int i1·e tn11 c" that. ht·i gh te 11 ed thei r effect.
T l1t• first m<>rnin g tktt lw was hea.nl, \\"a s :t joyous one
amori g tlH· .\'< •111 1.!.; fnlks o[ lll_I" hrn1 sl' lr ol d. 'l'liu long,dcalhli ke ,.; l1·<'i' of wi11 lt-r was :1t. an (•111!: 11al 11 rn was o n ce niore
awak en in g : tlr <'Y now pro1ni>'l'd tlil·llisehl's t he imm ecl iate
:rppl':l r:tll ('l' or h11d s and 1,1.. s.'<11 Jl1 S. T \ \"aS n ·mi11d c(l of t he
t.c·nq>l'S t. -los~l"<l en• 1r <>f C'olurnln1s, whl' ll. :rftn t heir long
d11 bio11 s yoy: tgl'. tli n lil'l d liinls rarn e si11 g i11 g ro1111d the
sh ip, tl1n11 g li st ill far at Sl':t . rnjo il' in g tlien1 11 il li t he belief
n[ t he i111 11ll"<lia le pJ"l) ximity 111" land . J\ sharp ret urn of
ll" ill ll'r :ilrn11sl. sil<'ill"l'd rnr Ii i th· '" lll .!.!;Sil' r. :r11d da shed the
hilarity of t lie h o1J." •·l1t1lil. \"l'L :-rill hl' J•Oll rl"d fo rt. Ii , now
fLJl( ] lJ;e 11 , a fr11· l'hi 11 Ii \"L
· 11<;ft•s, l1d ll"<: l' ll t he frosty pipiugB

'/i'Tr:" UUATIVE LANGUAOR.

of th e brrr zc, lik <• glealll s of sun shin e between wi1 1lry
clon<l s.
F rom "Tile Hirds of Spring." i11 ·· \\"olfert's Boost. ," l>y \\"A s llI!\ O·
TO N l rn·rno.
TO A CLOUD.

2. Beantifnl (']011<1 ' with fulcls :-o so ft au d fair,

Swirnn1i 11g i11 t hl· pure quil· t. air!
'l' hy fl c·ecl's hall1l'd in w11light., whil e below
'l'liy Elrad11w o'l'r the Yal e lll Ol" C'S slow ;
Wh cr P. llli dst t heir labor, pause t lie n·apcr t rain,
A s cool it enmes al ong th e gr:rin.
He:L\ltifnl do11d ! [ 1ro1ild I W l're with ll ree
Jn t.hy calm way o'er la11d a11d sea;
To rcsL 011 llry 1111rc.Jli11 g : : kirt s, and Junk
0 n E:utli as on an ope n l •ou k ;
On stream s l hat t il' her n •alrn s ll'i t h siln·r 1Ja nd 8,
A11J Llie lo 1w wa1·~ that 'c·:irn h(·r land s :
A m1 I rear ] 1 ~~- h u.111111i11,g L·il i(·,, and t.lie s1iu11J
Of t ho g reat nn·:111 l1rcak i11.g ro 1111.1.
Ayc- T would ,.:ail , upn11 t liy :rir-lj()rn e car,
'l'o l1loo !l1i11g n·gion s di sl:r.nl. !":tr.
T o wiil'l"l' Ll1e S llll u r :\11.Jal11 , i:r. -hin· · ~
O n Iii :; c11r11 ,,]i1·c-g rnr C's and ri110s,
Or t.iie soft ligh ts o[ Jtal_y'R <"!ear sky
I 11 smil es 11 pon li er ruin s I ic.
Hu t r would \\'O U Ill(! winds t.o Id, us n·st
O'er CireC'ce, lo ng kl tl'rt<1 :tncl "]>}'l"<">'Sed ,
\\"h ose son:; at length lia\" C h1' :1rd tlw l·a ll that <·omcR
Fro1n t he uhl h:t lt" il'-fil'l ll:; ancl tn111lis.
Anil ri ,.:l' n, a11d 11ra11·11 t li e· s 11·.-1 nl. and on t]1(· I""'
Harn ll ca lt th e s11·il'1. arid •l es pnalt- lilo1r,

,v.

'

..r:

ArH1 tl1e Otl1111:111 pnwC'r is .. Jove11, a11•1 the stroke
Has tll111·hl'd it.-; c:l1:1i11 s, a11'1 tl11·y arc broke.
Ayr" 11·L, would linger, t ill the sunset ll1erc

5.

Slwul1l <'Ulll!'. to purple all tlH~ air,
A11d tl1nu refled 11po11 thl' s:wrL•d grnnrn1
'J'hc rndd y rndian cc stn·:tllli11g ro un d.
Bright rn uleor! fo r the s11m1111·r 11oontitle made!
T l1y pcl'rk~ s liC'all ty _yd sl1all fadc.
Tlw s un, lha t lilb 1rit Ii li gl 1l 1 ~ :wh gl istening foltl,
Shall set, and lc·ave tlil' r dark arnl c1ild;
The lJl:tst sl1:1ll rend lh y sk irt ~, or thou mayst frown
In the da rk hc:1\·,:11 ll'he11 st.nn11s ro1 rie 1luwn;
And weqi i11 r:ti11 , t ill ni:u1's i11 •1niri11g eye
M i:;s thee, fo rever, from t li e sky.

6.

IlHYAN'I'.

3. "'l'l1e sower':; task j,; 1lonc.
The Sl'l'1 l is in ih< ll'ill((·r iil'<l.
Now ld the tb rk-lircnrn n1 u11ld be spread,
To hid" it Jro111 t '11· ;.:1111 ,
A111l 1":1\'l' it to th•: ki1 1dly "are
Of t he stil l eart.11 :111d l1rnod i11g air.
-Y:

*

*

"A 111l tl 1C'y wl1 0 1lwldl whPrc: palm-gro\'!'S so nnd
'l'o s1 1m1ncr wind s the whole year ro1111tl ,
Shall wat:.:11 in gl:ulnc·~ s from tlJl' sl1orc,
Th <• sails tl1:1t br in g thy glislc11i11g store."
Fro111

,l_

1

'

Tl11~ ~ollg of tlw ~1t\\' 1·r," by \\'JI.LIAM (' lJ Ll.EN llllYAN'r.

0 th ese

m on n tn i11~.

t.l1L'f'l' n1agi eal, giant rnonntains!

How thl' ir siltn C'C'. thl·ir Yast r1 es13, their terrible beauty

speaks to our rest.l ess IH·arts !
Fro1.u "Uue Yl'a r ,\!,road," [,y

\J7

FIO URA TJYJ1: LANO U.1 0 g _

EKG f,f8lf COJfl'OSl'l'TON lJ Y l'R1I C'l'TCJiJ.

"'\Ve lmvo hecn fri end,; together
ln sunt;hine :mu in shade."
Wiml of tho summer night!
Wh ere yomler woorlbi11e creeps,
Fold, folil your pinions light.
She sleeps!
My lady slcC'ps!
SlcC'ps.

Frn 111 th e" Serenad e," in "The Spanbb Stud ent," by

HE!'>HV \\'.

LONO~" ELLUW.

7. There are, in<leerl, few merrier spectacles than that of
many windmills bickering together in a fre~ h lireeze over
a woolly country; th eir halting alacrity of wovcmcnt,
their pleasant business, making bread all the tlay with uncouth gesticulations, their air, giganti cally llllman, as of a
crc:tture half alive, put a spirit of roman ce i11 to the tamest
landscape.
From "The Foreig-ner nt Horne," in "Memories and Port mi ts, "
by Honma Loui s

8.

~TEYL•: 11:so11: .

From gray sea-fog, from icy drift,
. From peril and from pain,
The home-bound fisher greets thy lights,
O hundred-harbored Maine!
But many a keel shall seaward turn,
And rnany a sai l out.stand,
·when tall and white, the Dead Ship looms
Against the dusk of land.
From "The Dend ~hip of Harpswell," by .JouN G. \VmTTIER.

BLA NC H E

\VrLT.rR llol\' AHD.

RAOUS ll ('() Jf/'08 /T!ON RY l'UA CTICE.

D. N o w the Ii l'SL ,;I ar:-; \l('g in Io t n :J11 l1l e forth

Li ke U1c lirsl in st r11rn 1· 1it s nr a 11 on ·h"stra
'1'011clH·rl softl y . 111 ie l1y 011t•.- 'l'h t' n· in t lie East
K ind ll:s ll 1u glory nl' 111u1111 ri:'\' : l1ow it s wa \' 1·;;
Hruak in a S i l rr or siher <•n t he do 11d s '. W bi te, 11 1nL i<>n l1·s" c·J ,,1 1r k lik1 · sof l and s11uwy win gs
\Vhi <; li tl 1e g n:al Earth sp 1·tads. sail ing ro11lHl Ll10
!::l un.
Fr11111

·

l·:\·4 ·ni 11 g- , " hy

E1>W .\H l 1 How1. .\ N 1> S11.r..

10. 811 eli fa11ta si1"" · inf1·r111ix\'tl an1c •11 .g g rn1·e r Loils of
min1l. 11:L1· 1· mad" th<· win t<·r·s dav J>:t"s pll'as:1ntly . .l\feanwl1il e. the storn 1 has raged wi thu11L a hall'111l·nt, ft1 1tl n o w, as
t he Lri d afte rno o11 d\'('l i11t':', is loss i11g d l'11 sc r rulumc:s to
and fro a lJo u t tl1t• aln1ns)llil'rt'. 0 11 th l' wi111l o w-s ill t.li cre
is a layrr o f snuw rnach in g half' way np Ll1 <: lo west p:-in e of
glass. The g:ndt •11 is onl' u11l1roli 1·11 bed. i\lon g th e strcut
an: tw(J o r t h n ·•· spots o f' u1 1cn1·l'red l':1rth , wht> rn t he gu st
has whirl ed all' :1y tiH ) s110 11·, h t::q: in g it elsuwherc tu tli e
frm:e-tops. o r l'ili 11 g l1uge lJanks agai ns t the door::! of
h o11 ;;es. A sulitary pa s,e nger is 8el' ll, no w stridin g mid-leg
d el'p across a drift. 110 w su t1<.ld i 11 g oYr r th e bare g rormd,
wh ile hi s dnak is swoll(' ll wit.!1 the wind. And How the
jingli ng of bell;.;, a ~l11g gi s h so1111rl , rrs po ns iYc to t he
h o rse ';; toil so me progrL'ss L11ro11.gh th e ll nbrnke n drif ts,
annou nces t he p a ~s :ige of a sll·igh . ll'it.h a boy clin g in g
behi nd , and d11<;king h is hl·:td t. <J l' ~ L-:tj• U detect io n by tl1e
dri1·e r. Nn;t t'o mrs a slcllgt• , lad1· 11 wi t h wood for some
unthrif'ty ho11 sckecpc r, wl 101n wint e r has surprisi•d at a
cold h eart 11.
B11 t wh:lL di s111 al (•q11ipage n o w stru ggles
along Lhe un c· n·n s t rL't:t ~ ,\ salile h e ar ~e , hrslre wu with
s now , is iil'a rin g a '1l'a<l 111:111 f.1 1rilll .gl1 th e stor m to his
fl'<JZCll ht•d . 01 1, hu11· d r\'a l'}' i,.; ;L Ulll'ia[ ill Winter, WJi Cn t ho

P'IU URA 1'/l' !C J,ANn VA(! IC

~)f)

bosom of :\lot.h er J•:a.rth ha:,; nu warmth fur hl'r i:our
c h ild!
J~1m1i11g - t h l' l'arl y L:1·r of J)ece111be r - bt·gi11~ lo sprc·ad
i t~ <kq1L•11i11 .g \'l'il 01·<'r the <'0111furtl1•ss see n<', tht: lirclight
g radually IJri gh tc m;. :rn<l thrn 11·;,; 111 y tli cki•ri11 g shad o w u pun
t.h e 11alls and cei ling o [ t he c ha111ber ; but s till the SlPrrn
nF'f's a nd ra tt les agai11 8t the wind(>ws. 1\l as!
I ~li iH· r.
a117l tliink iL ti lll e to be di sco rn;o lat c. B11t. taking a fan·w"l l g lan ce a t dead nature i11 h er :; hro11 d, I pc rcL·ire :i t\01 ·k
uf :; no11·-birrls sk im111i11 g li gl 1Lso ml'l y l hrong h th e l<'111pcst,
a nd tli tt. ing fr om cl rif t to d rift., as spo rt in•ly :is s wa l l 1 11v ~ in
the dcli ght.[11[ prime of sn11111 1er.
Wh en et co me they;
Wh e re do t h ey b11ild the ir 11e:;Ls and seuk th eir f'oud ?
\\' hy, h av i11 g airy win gs, do the y not fo ll o w i:;1 1111mer
aro 1111 d t he earth , in ,;lead of making them sehl:s t.!1t: playm:LLcs of Lh c storm , a nd 1l11tterin g on t he <ln:·ary 1('J'ge of
th e win te r's e r e? I know not wh ence t h L'.Y r·o m\' , n or
why; yet rn y s p irit has hee n chcen:.J by that wan de rin g
fl oc k of s now -birds.
Fro111 • · Suo w Fluk e8, " in ··'J'wice -Tuld TaJ .,s," by ~AT ll .HiI EL
HAW T l! O !U'\Y..

THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS.

1 L This is th o shi p uf pearl, whi ch , poets feign,
S:-iil s t he un ,;had owml rnain,-·
The \'c11 t uro11 s lJark that Jlin gs
On th e s weet t-; urnmer win1l its purpled win gs
111 g ulf,; 011 1.; ha ntcrl , wh\•rc: t he bire n sin gs,
A nd <;o ral reef:> li e bare,
Where the co ld :;ea-maid s ri se to sun tl 1eir ;;trcamin g
hair.

:;

l

/\'NU/,/Sfl COJ!l'OS!TION 1;r l'UA C'l'! CH.

]llU

Its wehs of liYing ganzc i10 more 1111f1trl
\Vrec; kell i ~ t.i1r ;,; J1i p o f rwarJ !

Ill'\\' i1•i1liil!'. !J11i1/1•j' 1
; 1.

!1:: '. 1 i

i1 1•

11ii1'l1

L-.; 11irr1

Lie:-; lH:r e foo ll for

1

i1d,

\\'(11'111.-; ;

l I I :l 111 ' \\' 111 Ii! Jl l<li'l' j II·: 1l I Ii [I ii 1·ri j I j 1 • l I,
Corrected a11d a111l'l11kd l1y I h1· .\11! !1.,r."
1111

F r,nn

TIH· ,'\urtl1 \\-i11d,

l1y LD\\' .\ H J1 !:11\\"l.\\ l • :'J i.L.

\Iv ,t,·1" :ir1· 111>1 :d11111:
ti11· s 111·!· l 'r11illi - 111 .,, l
l_.'lit::', J'!L...;! ; 1 11,~. \\ 'll1 'l't ' Ill( ' 1 1:11 11i1 •,1 ii1;tYl 1....: ;11·1·

h :-. !,

ii1trt.,..;l111g·

v r. 1rr-:1t \\ . E:>1>EL1.

1·l:1v

THE DA \1;N .

l:h' · ~0011 :-:lit· l:ad ~in1.~~11·d !11

il11t;; 1· :1111n· \ 11.-.:.I,

l1y :1i·,.-,..;

:1!

,'{ j'1J\\" ! J.

l-'ro111 "At 1t 1JJJ1ll \\.(lud ::-:, ·· i1y \\.ILLL\.:'.1 ('t . LLL'.\ H1·\ -_\'.:T .

:t <'l•rtain

l1illl11p ,

l'ar· lH·furt: lit·i· tl 1l' ;·.:t l L·rit ir1: io od11 1.~· id' tlH' d:1\·.
1it~av111g Li11 11l' vlltgr11\\·11 .. : l1t·ii

r •."

Floi\1\t'cl p;1.-.:i th e 1.<!:i11~l:-:, ii~)\\' ! 1:1\i · furli·1l 1l11 ·i 1· \ri1 1:.:...: ,
J\11d i1111irt!1·d fri c;iitcl 1l'd at tile 11·han1·S- .JLl't as.
.'\ n1111111·11 L ' i11.-1-. :t. f1<"'k ui' t 11·itll'l'inc; Linls
\\'liiril'ri tlirn11_:..;li iii(' al11101Hl-f 1 ·1·1·~ lik1· ;.;cattn1·ri li-:11'"'•
J\11d h id 1i.,yo11d t l1l• lir"l l!<•.

1 11 tJ1c~t · l1ri .'-'.lil walk.'<;

~"Ill.

...

Tii!· f11rrll\r('d IJ ili l' , ."a1 c 1 li :1 t t 1,; ,;t:u·1··~ d 111 t lt iua111,
L li<ii'l' and !'illl'i} :1.'< 1l1l' ;.;l;y r>!' 1·]r>11.J.,;
For :ii] tli(• 1itriP F:iil". t '1:11 .'.""t('rdav

1-1.

1•:tc•1i

c .,

Yl' t the ll'Ork it,:(•![ ,.:l1:ill 11ot 111 ' lu;.;t,
I'or ii. \\ill (a:..: ilt' IH·li1·\·1'll) ;1 ) ' j •t•;11· ••t11'i' llHl!'P,

t 111· ht':J\'1 °11 !_1· nw ~s :1 g n hrnu!!ht. hv t. h rf',
Child 11!' tl11 • \1·:1nd1•ri1J[!" Sl ·:1.
('a st lrorn hl'r lap . [orlurn 1
_Fru 111 U1y 1kad lips a c leare r 11ote j,; horn
'l'lia11 l'Yer 'l'rit.on bh•w l'rom \ITC':tt iiL·d ho rn !
\\'hil" "il 11Ji111• r:1r it· rill!!''.
'l'l1rnu ~~· h t Ji(• dt'!'J' c:11·e,.: 11[ th "t1'!!it l h•_•ar a Y"l " •'· U1:it.

1 ,( •!

J:J.:F<1 Jt1-: ll J.'; J1J:.\ Tll.
)!

'I' lit·

frll·

~huL Lii~·e i'r1_1n1 1w:1\·i · :i \\-:i i i

\'LI Jt;.;

J\11d ;-;L ril'L .. r its i1·ll.L·ri1 1g a11d gild1 11g.)

YcaT aHer year IH·hl'ld th e silent tuil
That. spread lii s l11stro1t,; 1·o il;
St ill. as 1iil• s1 •ir:tl urcw ,
Tfr, Jdt till' past year';; d11·ellin!.!· for !!tr n e w.
Stoll: wit Ii soft s!Pp iLci sliinin!! arl'lmav I l1rn11!!h,
l)u ilt ul"' ·it~ id k· d nqr,
:-)tretc11ed rn l11s i:1-'l-f•>r111rl l1lll\11 •, :1; 1rl k11<'11· 1111 • 11lrl
1norc·.

H11ild i IH·P n111rP 'l:ti!·il· l\l:llJ!'l"ll' . ' ) lllV
!\ ~ tl11 · ~wil't :-:;•;1:-: ~1n:-: rnll!
f..1 ·:\\'{' thy l1l\\·-\·; 1iili1 •d 1· ~t~f !

~I.\:\\'

• • r I' !ll' I ~ ( 1\' I ) r
ilc;J 1j:1 1IIi II l·'r:l 11 k [ 111 , J '1·i Iii<· I',
(Like till' 1·r11·t·r ,.i· :1:1 .. 1.i 1,.,.,J-,

L:.

\\' here its dim •1n•:1111i11g lif., """' \\·111:! 111 11w.,1J,
As Llw frail ten a 11 t. .-.:11:1 p;•d his gnm i 11g sliull,
fh_d'ul't'. { 11t.T 1it·:-; l' l' \'t«tl 1.:d, ~
]!ti iri,wd <'t'ili11g r\'ili , it s su nless n~· p L 11use:d ed !

Than ks

DR. FRANKLIN'S El'l'l'APH ON HIMSELF,
l\'ltl'l'Tl·:'.I:

J\.1 -i(1 r--r t·· ry f'h :1n11-H· rr'd r·pj\ :

]1 1[

Flu UH.-1 n J ·H 1,.-1 :\·1; u.·J 1; g

:'l·a!

llou11·:>'.

:11id

(>:it

(1f

~: \ '. \.

1i 11·

J·~n:--;L it \\'t·l lcd a 11d \\· /1lt.t~1it 1 d: Ll11~ darkr11.•ss .tt·•·r1:L i1·d iii~11
liglil; amJ Ll1e bLar~ wuru cxt i11gll i.-;J 1c;d like tlie ~lred-la11111'

.

~-

l 02

NN U / ,/ Slf ( 'O,lfl'USITJ O}i J!Y l'RA CT!GliJ.

or :1 h urna n c:ity. 'J'h c whi tcll l'i'" hri.~lil l'l1 (' 11 i11lo :.:iln•r. th e
,;ih·1·1· wal'llll' d .i nt o gold, t he gnld kindkll in to p11re a11d
l il'in cr Jirn ; a n1l Lhe f;ien ol' thu Ea st wa>i harn•1l wit.h
clc 111: 11Ltl sc;u·let. The day drew il,; fin;t long hreat.h,
,; ll•ad y a n1l chill; :w<l !'or ka~lll' ~ a ro 11n1l t he wood s sighed
and ,;hil' en•cl. A 11cl tl1lrn , at oue l>onn cl, t he snn had lloatell
up; and her st;u·tlt-11 l'}'C8 l"C'l'C' iY ed il:1y':; Jirs t. arrrl\v, aml
, 111 a ilc·d 11n r11•r t h1• lm !Td.
On <~ Y1·ry :-;i1k, t. lin Rl1:t11 uwi:
1.. :qll'd rr.. 111 1lll'ir :in1h11,.;lt <1nd fl'll )'l'Oll!'. Th o 1lay. " ·as
.. , 111 w , 1•1: 1i11 and gari ;; h; and 11p tll\~ 8t.c1·p a1Hl ;;<>l1tary
<':1 sll·r 11 l11·:1Y1·11 , t hn :.:1111 , Yil'l"rin11' on•r J1it1 co111pctitor8,
' "'11 t i11n cd :.: lo wly a11d l'<•_1":1 lly to 111011 n t.
Fru 111 .. l' ri t1< T ll tL., , .. l•y \\ nn:HT LOllI S t:iT"\' l•: NSON.

THE CITY.

Th ey d o neith er plii.;ht nor wed
111 t he City o f l11 c I> cacl,
Jn th e c ity wh ere they slee p aw ~ty the h onrs;
li11 L t hey li l', whil e o'er th em range
\\'in tc r- lili gh t and sum me r- ch :rn gl',
A nd a humlruu ha ppy wh ispe rin gs o[ Jl uwers.
No. Ll1 ey neith er wc1l n or pl igh t,
Allll t. h e llay i::i lik e th o Hight,
For t h eir vi,;ion is of oth er ki11d than ours.

16.

Th ey do n eit her s in g n or sigh,
In t ltat lrnrgh of by :md by
Where t he streets ha Ye g ra:;scs growing cool and long;
But they rest wit.bin th eir bet!,
Le:ivin g all t heir thou ghts un said,
Deemi 11g s ile nce bette r far t han sob or song.
:No, t hey 11 eiLl wr s igh n or sin g,
T hn11 £(h t lie n. l, i11 111! a-win g,
']'] 11 ,11 ..·1 1 t l 1 l~ i;·a1·l':; nl' :111t1111111111:1r(' lr :1 million ~ hong.

"'

FIU Ut:.A Tl J' f·: f ,,1NO UAUIC.

Th c•rc is only rest :rn<l peace
In t li e City uf Surec:asc
Fro111 tl11~ fai lings :ul!l t ho 11·aili11,i_;.-; 'n eath the :Sun.
Alld tho wings of th e :; w 1 fL yean;
Beat. ]Jut gen tly o'._.r th e bi ers,
Making rnn sic to !'11 0 slPPp"rs eH·ry one.
'l'ii ere is ouly peace :u11l n•sl ;
Bnt t o th em it se(,lti t:l. lt lws L,
For th ey lie at e:Lse :rn11 know tha t. ]ifl' is d .. 11 r· .
H.1c11.\HD lh :1tToN, in" Thi~< '1·1d11ry J\Ia.~azi1ll', ., 1\l:i .\·, l K."-< ~ .

WINTER DAYS.

11.

N ow com es t ho p;r: ty i1(•:ml .,f th n nor t h:
Thi• fo re»t. , hare the ir rn ggell I Jl'(·:t~ I .~
Tu every wind t li: Lt wai11kn; f " rt h,
J\ 1111 i11 th eir arm s, th\: l"ndy 11l·sl ~ .
'J'hat, it O ll SCI[ the Uil'!J]ini_;s lllll!lf.!i s :l'-'.•l,

Arc Pggell with f1ak Ps of drif ted snow.
Nu m ore t l1c rob in pipl's l1i s lay
'.l'o g rel·t. tl w f111sli1·d ad\'a11 L·1: ., f' 111 o n1;
Jfe Hings in YallL·y.~ far away ;
Ilis l1l':trL i,; wit.!1 t!t1 : s1J11t.li lll-dav;
H e c:u1110L t-: l1rill an1<•ni.; tii1• ""rn.
F o r all t hl: l1ay and corn ar(· d"\l'n
A11 <l gan1 t·n··1l ; a11il Lhe witil!'t'l'd lt•:ii',
,1\ g:ii11 st th e lir:lll i: IH'S bare :rnd \,r"1111,
IlaLUes ; anLl all lhe 1lay.-1 are IJl'i l:f'.

An icy lian•l is on t.li e lanll;
Th e cln1Hl y sk y is H;u] an11 " T:n· ;
But. Ll1ro11'-'.I;
til!_~- rn i,;t. ,,y sorrn,; ~ l·r:·a1n ,; '
' .
U11 Ls11rcadi11 g 'l'i d 1·. a guldeu ray.

'f .· ·~·

j ()..j,

1-;;H: /,/ Sir CO.If / '() 8 f'l '! ON JJ Y l'l{.I

.'\1 1d 011 t i" ' l1r• >11 k th at 1 · 111 .~ tlw l'lai11
1\ d i;1.1111111tl \l'l>lllk f' j,; il,g l11 \I"
Fa i1·l' f' t !1:11\ I h: it \r lii1 ·l1, l11 n g :1 gn,
1 >1: li uh; t1 1 sta kt·d a 11:1111 1· l •l g:1i11 .
ll1 ::-;1lY An11E Y.
l'Ol t

('()~ J

1 oti

("I'J C I~'.

l' \):' JT JP:\ J·: .\ J·: IW l:-;J·:.

\V r ite n story frn m tl w p ictu re . L PL :L part !lf ll1<·
ch,.;,.; l1·ll t l1 e ,.;L1> ry :< t1 ggf·,.; k1l 11.r tl1 u pi d lll'l', 01it.ind y
L.r \lialog lle .

S U !l,JE CT ::i F<Jlt

A 1luscript.io11 uf
Sn111hy.

~llOH'J'

l'Al'Elt::i.

th e ,.;c nil' u y1111 altl'11d 1"I List

'\\ ' ril1 ~ a ~d1ort pape r ou "Ll'gal Huli11ay ,.;.' '
Y" ll
llli g l1 t 1li ,.;e n:-;s llri etly " ·h e tli er tl1 en: s l1 C!n l1l lJc 1110 1·e,
a11<1 11·lw 11 tlt e::;u sl10 11 ll1 co nw .
\\ ' rile a 11P,.;1:r i pti o n of tl1 e fr e B u:-;i1w ss .
'1' 11 0 l1i slory of " l\l y B est Day Last Sn1111 111·r. "
A ~ · n11 11 g 111<111 at oigl1tec11, li egiuni11g li f1\ wil11 a
goo 11 CLlu ea tio11. A yo 1111g wan ut r~ i g ldP f ' ll , licgi11 ni11 g li fe witl1 a YCIJ' i111pe r fcet e Lht!'a t i(J1 1. 'l'l1r, vro s p ccls liefo r e ca<.:11.
A l1 os cript.ion of n cliaraeter - tl 1n PP:u1u l l'il' a11 , Uu)'
Nci,.;sor s G ri11lle r, etc.
T h o l1istory of tl1 c so11 g "Tli c S1t\\'alll' C H i\'t" 1', " ;1.1 1.J
tli c (' irc n m s ta n< ·r,.; u1111 L~ l' wl1i('l1 i t wa s ,·0 111 p" s 1•1l .
Snap n 1H1 w:1.tP r.
'J' li e wo1Hl f~ n; il l! ')' S()IJ l l' f i111!' s
work. Thi,; snhj eet :Lff.,nls 1u1 "l'J>nrt1111it.,y f11r :1.

hnrn o rons pa] H' r .

•d==ii:::=~--]J c :-wril> c :m y PX)l• ' ri1111_; 1d, } " ll l1a HJ 111ad u or ;u1 ,pi 1~ L' O of apparatlt:< y o 11 l1awi 1:011st.r11d,.1L
\\'rile o ut tl1 e 111iu11l<'s of tl 1u 111" " ti1 1g <•f s <> 11 1e as s ot iatinn or co1111uitt(, (' , au Ll si g 11 J OUr lla111! ~ as s 1•(·r d :uy.

'\ \'rite ou t a llln t io11 o r r e solutio u 'd1icl1 y u n iJJLr~ 11 1l
to ul:'er a t tl1 e u ext rn 0ct ing.
'.l' <~ ll lww to plan t :L tree.
N a i11 e a utl t1cs (']'ihc th e Lirds of tl1 e ll r ig l1 h11ri11 g
w o rn1s.

B cgiu11iug ll'itl1 th o e xprnssw11 "As l :<at n·a.li1 1g

j ( )()

l1'11>U /,f ,,·fl C().lfNJSITJ ON IJ Y l'JU C1'1 Cli1.

111111c r t he ap pl n- trcr ," write wl1at is snggcste Ll to your
Jll i 11d.
·w rite a 8tury 1-rnggcste1l l>y thr pidnre.

ENFRANCHISEMENT: A

"TWICE '!'OLD 'l'ALE."

(A\ ,\i,i, Et ; 1!11 \' .)

' · T!t(•rc rxi>d1· t! 11td 1·,·ry !1111 _:: :1 .~n a mi glllv kin g<ln 111
111 1l ik1· a11y "llwr ll1 :il t· r1·1· J,..f,,1"<· "r ~ i11t·t· Px i.-; ft ·tl. It. ll'as
a ,.;l r:u1 g 1~ ki11 ;,;·1l n111. lt :11i 11 g 1111 li 111i fl'd ho1111darit•s, 110 1r.-il-

Ji'LG URA 1'1 VR f,ANU U.1Ult.

107

to n la ws or fi xetl in stit ution s. Eve n the num hcr of suh j ed:; was 11nk11 nw n, th fly hcing Rcattc retl ov er all par t.Hof
the worl d.
J11 fo rm of gorn rnm cn t, it wus reall y a11 absol ute
111ona.rchy; fo r tho l.:0111 pletu co ntrol of th o peo pl e was
vested in on e porno11, their king. Th o king was c1·c11
strnngcr t han t!tc kin grlom. Not. on e of hi s ;;11l>jech l1 ad
eve r :;con him; no 011 0 k new where hi s pala ce wa:; localt'd;
a few even do u btcrl his cxi:;te nce. N evertholcs ~ , ti ll;}' 1r(•re
all completely in hi s power, and ove r t hem he had a lll_Y:; tcriou s intluenco so po ten t that it scorned al rn o;;t supernatural.
'J'lie pec uliar offoct of t his infl uence npon th orn was pilif11l to beh old, whil e a t. th e sam e t im e it was lu d icrous.
]~ach person ::;ee 111 cJ to regard him self iu mot.le of li ri11g .
l:0 11 Juct, k11ow ledge, aml , in fact, in e l' ery poss ible way
\'ast ly snpcri or to all of hi s w;soc iatcs. an tl oac!t l11<>kPd
wi t h min gled pi ty a nd co n temp t 11po11 h i:; 11e i gltho r ~ .
Th ese th0ug h ts were plainl y \' isi111 0 u pun t he co111it enan ce
of t li e strange suhjecls; fo r eac h wore an ex pre::;sion of
satisfictl self-im po rtan ce mingled with a loo k of seorn allCl
pi ty for his 1111 f'ort.1111:t to fri end 's ign oran ee an 11 Yanity.
E1·e1 1 LIH•i r walk s ho wed t his foc i i ng al w, L·aelt l:arryi ng
him self wi t h 11111 eh di g ni t.y, and !t u! tling lii s lil':tJ 1·ery
hi g h, see min gly a.:; an adve r ti semen t of hi :; inq1orlance.
But what seems most 8in g 11lar oi' all is, Ll1al uot one of
these suhjec!.s was al all con:;cion s o( thi s king's pow er
over hi111 self, Lu t rca.Llily perce il' etl hiR inH11 cncc upon
oLltl:rS, and g reatly wo1Hk red at it. lf a11 y u.f t.ltern were
told tlwy were 1111 dor his co nt rol, they wuuld i11di g11a11tly
d l·n y it, fet·lin,g Llt :it it was so me g rPat tli ~g r;11· e . lnd t;l·d
t. !tL'Y \l"'l'l\ an ocltl j>l:ople :u1tl were rnl cd i 11 a \'l'l'_V ut!t! way

J08

HXU l.!Sll CO. lf/'08 /TJUX B r l 'lU C'lJC:H.

by Ll1 i,; J,ill g . 11 (· Sl'l' llif'tl to li:tn 11 0 ot lic r dt·.- ire t li: 111 lo
gl' l Lli l' llt c·11 1111 1lt'f(·ly i11 Ii i ~ ]H mvr. t 11(' 1\ l u :u 11 11 s1: lti 111 self
hy w: 1it- li in L; l li 1• 1•ff,.,.t oi 1 1111 •111. lli s g reat. :1 i111 was Lo
l'rl':tlc · a j lt· d ul'L 11 a l inn , ;:o wu11 d1·rf1 1l 1li a t. it ~ li o 11l1l aLlrad
tl w n oli t.:c and ad111 irali u11 u l' al l ollH• r 11: ll iu11 s, ;11 1d l li c rcs 111L 1ra.-; U 1e p rud 11 d iu11 ol' t h is 011 (:-s ig lil,·d , i:;d[-pra ii:;ing,
;i)l - k 110\l' lllg j>l'OjlJL..

!!
11

I

:-;" i 11 ll· rpsf 1·d in l1is work clid lw l1rcn 11 1f• . tlial .. ll lll'Oll ""' i" '.1 sly Lo l1i111 st:ll', he h1·1·anw so111(•11·li: it. :1fft•c fl'tl J1y t he
be 11:1ltl 1;r1 11 g tl, ·]11 s 1< 111, and t.lw11gl1 l liv li: 1d a(·i·o rn p li.-; h od Iris
dl's tred oli.J L'd , :111 11 Lli al t l1 1•re ne1·1·r lidur1• li:id t•xisted so
ll'i st', :1cco 111 pl is l1 l'd, 11 r fa ul t lt';:s a J!L'••pl e. I n li is 1..1.1.,; t hey
:lJljll':1r l'd a lisoln tl'ly jll' rl°i· l'f , a nd li e hl'l' :t JJ ll• "'' ha p py a ri d e x1il ta11 t t ha t h l· 1011!!1·11 lo lllak l' lrirn scl f 1·is il1le to t !1\•1 11 , tu tell
tlH·m th a t h o was the• c : u 1 ~ u o f all th t ir great 11 l'ss. l \ u t h e
k new t l1at f or cN tain rtaso n s as soo n a ~ ho beea rno ri s ihlo
tii l· e harn1 would L•l' h ru kc n a nd h i ~ Jl ll ll' (' I' or r r tl w m wo ul1l
fo r1 •\'t' I' <·(•;1 H·. Su l1y a .~l'l· :d. l' ffor t of II' ill h1· rcs t ra i11l'd l1 i1 11 ~t · ll' fr rn 11 d11i11 .g l !rat w lr ic lr won Id h:ll' l' lJt·t ·n so di sa ~t ro n s
t o Iii .-; pn1r e r. I la d I l1i s k in g k n oll' n 11" ]1a L o t lri ·r riat iun s
t 1i,, 11 _u: h t 11 f lii s s1il1j1'l' I.<. lr1· 11'1\/ild 111 1t li :11·e ! " '(' Ii ,., 0 j 11 liihr il .. lnrt, lir: li :rtl 1· 1!1 irl'l.1· los t. si ,!.;lr t of' <Jt ii l' r na l iun s ; for
l1t• 11·:i ,.: wl1ol ly 1r r:q1p1·d ll JI in t liat r11 .1·st il'al l'l'il ll' h it·h ('ll f11ldl' tl l1i 11 ; :t1 1.! Ir is s 11 l1j l'ds, b u t wlr ic lt in a ft f·r-Yl':t l'::! ll':t li
~" ill' r1•11 t :1 s 11 n d1 ·r.
·
'1'1 11 ·.-:t' J" '"l'l l' 11·1· n• ll1 o r11 11 g hh <ll'l1'.<f1·d li y ollH· r 11 :d io ns,
ll'lr o g rc:11".i y l\'Ol ll ivrl'd a t tl11: 1·:111sP o f t h c•ir b1·i 1w i:;u .Ji sag l't' L' a bl c :11 111 1·:1i 11 . A t bsL it 11·a, n ·n ·:lli·d tP il 11•111 Ly
s"11 1u m 1ra1· 11l u1 1s 1111':111 ~ . t lrat tl r i ~ sin g 11 l:1r p c·•• ple \\' ;i,;
u n,] e r t h e C\'i l i11Jl 11 l' 11 1·t, o f :t st ra 11 g-1• ki ng. wh1 1 n· 1r 1:ti11L:d
i11r isi lilc "·hi le h e l\'t ir kl'd 11]1«11 l li t·i r lll i11d s l1v :l ,. 11 r i o tt ~
t:11 cl 1a11 Llll t.: ll t, Th ey :1 b u k a r11t.:t! t1 1a l lite Jia.111 c uI t his

}i'J OUR A1'll'l!-' L A NUUAGE.

1(l!)

k in g was C\ m c-c•i t. Fro m !hi s o ri g i1 1ated l li l' 11 a 111 u 11 f the
p eopl e w h o we re t111 d('I' l1i s eo n t rul. Hefun· . nu ll'11ril
1·0111.J lit: f'ou11d wl1 id 1 c•x:id.ly dl'st.: rilic1l U11·ir l'11ndi t io11 . s o
fr o m t.1 1at ti me tl 1ey 1re re said Lu be <·on et' iLl'<l.
.
T ho q 11 cs li on 11 o w w a ~ . ·w hat co11l d be cl on e for tlr is d1 •l1 1d1·cl p ro p lc . 1!0 11· co11lll th o l errih le Rp <' ll l'a s l •·i·t· r t l11· i r
111 i111l s ht) 1ltst ro} ed?
J\Jlcr ;;0 111 c de lilie ra li 1111 it 11·:1,
n11 all _v tll'l'idl'd t ha t, tl 1ry \l'Ollld appeal to a (;(• r t:1i11 wi,,·
lll <t ll wh o l il' od a t t ha t t. im e . . .. "
·w it l 1 tlt e assi stm1 cfl o f tli eso t o pi cs tiu i:-;h tl 11• /\ llegor y, usi ug al>o n t GOO wonl s .

1

I

T li is wise man read y to a id a ny on e lWrp le xed.
Gn'a.ll .1· rPs prc ted IJy pe<•pk 11·1io kn!' w him 11·l'll. grc:i ll l' fean·d
and di sl ik ed by ot hers.
..
·
Tolrl Jll'O ple pla in ly wh :d. h o lh ot1ghl of ll H•m and l l"'i r \l' orks.
"lli 8 Se<' mi11 gly most el'll l' i 11·ords ;ind tlecds fo1· !he pnso n · ~
g re:tl. l1t·n1·f1 t.
To liin1 th is pc·oplc cam e for :r rh icc alltl aitl.
li t: rl' pli<·•l llrat Ji n lia11 long knmrn tli e co ndi tio11 fl l(•y ll' l' rc in .
l>l' l•Jl'Jll incd lo help tli 1· m t lir() W o ff tlicir liorrtl ago.
All soo n f1· lt a \' t1r in 11 s pai11f1il inll 111·nt 1· 11·c1rki11g 11 11 ti 11 ·ir
m inds.
lhld bet; n bl incl heforc Lo el'crylhi11g b11 t llH·i r O\\' ll " IJ>t• rir1rit.v.
N nw sa w 111< •i r l' X:rel eo111li l io11 . l1 11 mili a lt·<l.
Wi11 ~ 1 1 fr l'!'d . IH •g:in t<J i11 <111 irc t he nam e of lli1· 11·i~ c rn :111 .
Le;1rn <•1l fr.a l his nan tt: w:1 s Urili (' ism.
Aslo11is li111 e111. Their prc\'; uu ,-; id1•a of liin;1.
l low li e 1111 w ap peared to t lu• 11J.
Kin g Co11 ct•it. fi 11 d i11 .g l1is in ll1u•11 ct• go ne, rPI irl'd to sol it11dc.
Brood,•11 a1q, rily m·c r l1 is loss of pn wer and th e en fra11 cli i:;cmont of h is subj ecls by Crii ieis m.

11 1

U i;'l''/'/1,' U W!l!T/ 1\ "(}.

Q1Jz tA'e ajleinoon ef
wal!fecl clown l o " 9hnny #ule. "
eft t;, hautc:
f l/!j :>tiuatet"/. c/oJe to the itvet. ~ baJe koJJ
/"u-1t the dcune atJ th jtrctr1,Je:J 'l ti uM lfave '1t'e1t.

QJfvtil' a:Jed lo attencl.

CHAPTER Vil.
LE'f'l'ER-WRI TING.
( lfrading.)

&Y. 1$(

ektt.ytow11,

Jul/

~ efoat

10, 16'j)I.

(Salutation.)

Gf7 clea>

( ll od y of Letter.)

you ttJad

the /eaclti",f

o/ thU> &ttd .

ifroze :Jci'oo/cdioccl. evet;;td'ti7.

10 ei1cltcate ttfat

ft lh

ca 71"" t' ll .
e, 1t

otti

(/j

when

ofjottmj·tf't

Q./710/rl yo", oeemer!

efo£oarf/ fizd ,,, jtojettt·n en <ffo&clo

:Jw11111Mz.

ota 71 ceJ a

ef flww,

j0Jd<01t.

!!!!Jut

t!f'tf'((J'k

tt la)11

r;( ctlcum:

i'ete 11'(0 #)er/ lllt', ruu:f IJO

~r(. w r// lt>cal/ /r;1r' ctfr1111u·d

/;ie?.atuu

1ve.

ef

,/.

a:J

//

Q/,,Jt elfoulay wao
m r,J ru i'j'

ef uM1tl

to

my

l'e1e.

Qffi

On comti1,f

110

efcan , lhe

to tf'tml t?ul, (

load a /-i17 'lt•hc./ efi;/,,,.

/{Jc! CGta.ne tr-oh ,,{~ mttblfjr./t hrlr-.

Q/t J

loo ea?!}; /;;

'lltt'

. f

h·at,

.~:g lColllplim
e ntary
cit) Se .

-;::;
i:

'3

'/IUJ

lo

jozm, rz, ,;i1r(1- n tt'lll rlfr,fll

vo;/.-: oo efo/r,,//Jay lloli't.i7 noru o/~'1,J jt o.>riti·n.

c;;t

1/e <ytjaijw!' cJ;1lch tl'.tf'ete

c;f l/uida/ ajlezJ1ooniJ efeillenr:/ lo v rjt"t

r;fl/;ejtj' r{)Z;/!rnl' ctft1tch and eJfivr i7 'J jltave. a llfl

we.?e

ttfe

~

"lott!lj 61Ztc!Jon," etc.

l/icr1di,f jo1JLr-t1:J.

f l:Jt

, , "y

t;{~ " no//; 8ll:t.cl:>on/ '' t,(,, ·· mtjh',t J(ur/.;on ," lcze

?I"/ 1

1frj

the irvei

ant"/ th jttclrtie:J7ae h,;1; Cc;yoncl, efr111dei:J/aod 7l',{J'

c!/t.1J wet£ eYfvei:J''IJ "c::!1%e1c£

:!!!JM-./ '· wtfrc/ h/j vwde

ttf'e ol'rule mu! /oo~et"! rjtNt

the ci/Z.cioon /ru/ ouctf rt /aocei1atto1t ft Q!Ivei:J'.
o/~u ?emem/ci lfe ~ 11cvei tt-1.ed r/ ojteahi'j' cj e"t

CGl/a?id .6j/ou wrl? /,, :Jt1,ytfr:ud,

tii

~i gn atua c:

f

11111,

y,("la, MOil·.

112

f,fff'lIC!i- l\'RJTI NG.

ENUUSll COJJPOSl'l'JON JJY PlC10TJC!R.

1>c gin: n 111 1t1·l1 pmdil'n lit ], ,i[, 'r-1nili1 1g.
TIH'\' shnnld l>D a,skel1 to \\'rit.o l..t!.1·rs of fr-i 1·11d sl 1i1 "
" csi-; Int t<,rs, j' or11 1: L1 atll "l 111
. 1·.u 1·11 1a1. 11< >f< ' S, i11 \ iLLlrnsi11
·
t
1
l'
""
t·
c
t
t1ons, ac1·Pp .a11ces, :LU\ ,.,.., "·· I t is· •., ,..,uornl
. . ] •1:111 '
afL<·I' .r 0 i 11 g ()\'\'. l' tlir\ <lil'isiPJJ 1tpu11 I,dkr-1,·ntlllg, f, '
n ,vpr t'"' t.> it f< >l' l>rid pnriods 011ee or t\\'it:o lwforn t ll<'
yr!:Lr's work in Compositiou c w1s.

sl tonll1
S ta mp.

(Supersc ripti on. )

EXA:'l!PLES OF IJEAf>!NC:S

<24/ount &2t;~11on, ~Jtckj/et Cf1ri., C?/f.

Oji..

,/~If 15, 7d_JJI.

·'

L ________ "In m~uiy sc h ool s boys :rnd g ir l~ are taughL t o pnt co 1111nas
J,etwcc 11 Ili c 8CV1·ral p;1rts o( Ilic address on th ec 11Yclopeof a
letter. Thi: rnk wo 1ild IH! <·t11-rccl ii' tl1 c w ord~ formi11g the
address \l' Cr c \l'ri1tc11 c·•mt inuou,;Jy, a:< i11 tlH' lJody of a hook;
'-•11 t th e sep;t1·ati< >11 of cacl1 part 11f the addn·ss from en· r y oti 1cr
p:1 rl. ail<'rs I lie qtll'Stiun. C•1J1 s<"1111·11tl.1·. S'•lll" ol' 1l1 u lllost <·ardnl
wril1·r.--\

I f _p Q!icuJI

C>/ i{// 0/ve.,

I~

Oj/r·r1helJ, C::A~ &/f.
c,J/r'/ :e.1. I Sy 2 .

fol!o wi11i..:- 1h1• fns/1i1 111 nf 111nd1·ri1 1i 1l1· p:1 .~1·:-1, :111d

:--:t·ript io 11s 011 11101111111v1 1l .'\

i 11

p11l1li1·

,,f j 11 •
~qu:1n·!{ and t't'll 11'1 t•ri 1· .... - Pi! !1t ·r

pill f'L'riods al I lie e11d of 1·acl 1 lira·
1 l1ose ll'hi r; J

ObsPrve C'.lnsuly the le tter gi\"(~ n, au 1111a1110 the parts.
Lctter-writiug is ;1 rnry illl portant part of e01u positio11 \\'ork. The rn:tjnrity of pnp il s after leaYi11g
sdtool \\·ill se ldom liaYf' oceasit>lt to nsc any ntll(\r
form of eorn1>ositi1lll. lL is 11• 'eessary , tl1c11, tl1aL tliuy

EX :\ ll!PJ. J·:S OF l NT!!Olll.< 'TIO:\:->

Q/~JJ).). C(;,;f',.,~!/.> c::lJ;1t"!t1ei'j <?..9inJ.

7 4:; .J!/JuH1rlway. G1~1u

o/r·I/,(

ye:ntknu:n:

1//l!jua;
~nrl/y mar-I mfi, ek.
v

.

1 l ·I

/<.'_\"(; f,{S f!

0/Jrf

Ui.lrt'OS !'l'/f!N

r;

r

/'U .·I r:n

1Jcri @//' C(/,~loon,
CPitYclt101t'll,

r:H:.
Q//?:i:!t:J

<;:JO/I !l.

1rn

l.F:T'l'fe:h'.- WIU'J'INO.

. '2_!)

,S)1;"l,f c£!l:,/t

<j·

C?Jo. ,

'J/~Jt 2.Yc/ '2Ytted ,

CP/& cle1d ~- .·

c;f:II'
M11}

·Jf uf.

(JJ;;.J, - Qftt'Cll~I/),/ ;>·111/fl({

,~a. n cJh,f

Nt

td'c

2&t!!

1·de.

Qf/c:;J. <J:.11e G/l.~ <2h11.Jcl,

?matca,

.Q;,?' effland, cyr
if?2fca t r2/fr.ulam .·

<?f.
EXAMPLES OF CONCLUSIOJ:;o.

(.- .'

I;

Q//tJ.. G/(.';,1:r 1f'..

c'N;}'j"

430 0 .d.t71cc c~Y"t: .

02~:r

1e.y11:ct/lrJ y('u M ,
c?/,;n1)/ c;;;// / ,/tJ11cJ.

~O?
/l U'
<.:::::7uva11na11,
J/,.<t,.

[f3jfea;. of/aclam :

eYlncdt'r}; /'"'''·1,
a u£t If' //%eel.

-;.

j

i ()

117

LEJ'7'ER- WRITING.

l'.'NO!. ISH CO .lll'OS!TION JJY l'liil C'J'/ CIC.

In '' lrnsin oss le ttel'" r o11rs r rspec(/111/!1" i.-; an app r op riate C<l ud11sio11 for "]) p:u: Sir; " if "l\fy dear
~ir" is rn: H1o tl 1e s:t!ntation, tl1u c< •lll'insi o n may lie
" Ver y lr ul!/ yo1l'/'s" or " }'011/'s truly."
Otl 1c r for llls of colllJ1limc11LLrY d(lsp arn ·• Y" 11rs cordiulfy " _: "./ls ('1•e r, yo1u"~"; "l•i.1illf11/ly yours"; "Be{ir•vc ·1111', S 1:11c,.rdy y nu rs ."
N e YPr s ign yourself " Yo11rs, etc." _; it is uot re-

•gee t,f pJzm;=a--

Stamp.

----

%.

Efaox 456

c;;.

EXA)f PLES OF Sl:PEI\SC'BTl'TTON.

-N I
&/bi.1 .J D/0a ztlui <.fl{
If 9

)~ocu,;t

I

t:_

~

_<__Davenport

[)TG'l. [}eo'l._9e CCJ. ~) Lvmen

<._!Ci/L c~?fPe .

Efi3eLLport

<j}onlici.1
-

---··-·- -

95. <jj.
_ _______ _

<!!fuffoL/i
C\~ood 8-gc'leo

CBo.
<{5.

c;J,

_;

'I'lie stamp f:il1onld be p lace(l

coru er.

JU

t.lie uppe r rig l1l

l l8

ENG LISH C01lfPOSJ1'lO N JJ Y PRA CTICR.

1. Simplicity of Language. - All la11gu:1go sl1ould he
si1upl e iLll<l 1111affl'ded. '\'rile as von 1\'ullld talk.
Nat nrali1uss is tl 1 <~ highest charm 1L J,:a.,r can lmYo.
2. Condensation in a Business Letter. - A lJusin e;.;s le t,.
h:r s11011J,l b e a;; brie f as n elt;ar state me11t of tl1 n
111aL_te r 1rn,for cou s itl c ratiou will permit.
K eep a
lrnsrnn:-is le tte r dowu to oue page, if posBibl e. lu varia lily lJu conrtrons, eveu if you arc r c plyiug to a
brnsqnn or rude letter, for iu sucl1 a c1ts1~ you haYe a
gr.:•at a\lrnutage in the correspoud euce. Answer all
Lnsiu ess le tte rs promptly.
3. Topics.- \Vhou you have tak e n up a topic, write
all you lrnve to say upon it b efore goi11g to auntln~ r.
l u passiuf.; to 1L 11 e w topic, let your illlluututiou show
tl1at yon l1a\'e bq.; 1rn "un w paragraph.
4. Margins. - i\. Jett(' r slwu I L1 Im \'H tw•> margiuHnu u :Lu inch awl a lialf in J e ptl1, at tho top of the
]mg<', the oth e r l1aU :~u inch wid e , at tlie ldt, of tlw
pagn. A : > hort l e tter of l ess thau n, pn.go should lrn,1·e
as ru ud1 m:trgiu above th e l1eadi11g as b e low t11o
condnsiu11 . '.l.' Jie adclress :tllll eauli paragraph slwnld
l1 r•gi11 ou a liu o li:i.H an inch to tho right of tl1e
rnargi 11 uu th e left o f th e page.
5. When to Inclose Stamp.-N ever fail to iuelose a
stamp wh e u writing to a p e rsou for infonnatiou or to
rnaku iurp1irie::> of no iuterc8t to him.

1 Hl

[,ETTER- WJU1'JNG.

6. Form.-- Correet spelling, goOll E11glisl1, and cl ear
handwriting are esselltial to a goull l ette r . Th e
- squarn enve ope with u11rnled le tter -:;]we t. foll1 P(1
- - ·li--.ou ce o fit, ·s tlteCl 1oice of the grt>ater muube r of
r-!!!!ill~:i:i
c:fi
uJJH!ifi11iJ1~
w people fo · letters of frie ud~;]1ip mHl soeial
- -•- corr<'l SJHmclm1ce.
7. Signature of Lady. - Iu s iguing a b11si1wss let ter, a
lady should put" l\Iiss" or" l\Irs." in bracke ts b efore
her nam e, tln;s: [J1/£ssl Alice Raw.~on. She slwulcl
uever sigu it 1Jlis8 .Alice R awson.
NOTES.

Formal notes are generally written in the tl1ird
persou, and inclu<le notes of invitation, acceptance,
and regret. The tim e and pla ce of writing nre put
below the body of the note at tlie le ft sille. The day
of th e week is usually m entio11ed, but the y ear is
omittecl.
EXAMPLES OF FORMAL NOTES.

Q,,/li. and Q,,/(iJ. e9?fetmcui u7ueJt

o/ <2/ft.

th / "fca.itde

~uHtU GJ.£vet.f 'J com,ftany <2/Xrd:Jrk7

7/

CJ/f'%ve11uJ~1, Iwen
iiit, at Jevtm
2& F'~avet&y 22%-ce,
Gf!ondr-7. Q/fg,lMm/et erjheent-h.

evem'',f•

o 'ctoctf'.

] ::21)

h'i'iG!,JS![ CO.l!l'O:ilTION BY 1'RA C1'1CiJJ.
2

g,/f;,; :JZ!),,!( et7r1c.1/J th

/1/cf/,)rt)c

oj

c .f!tj.1 J!J'r.Jd cr.111j cu~ 1 at clr7znel , &r;('.) rlay.
<?:0l'cr•11Lf·,/' t, 1u11rkr11//1.
. .
./ a l oeven o ·c/rictf.
~
,,- n A
7 J U

I

5

Gffi.

and

Q//?,;.

.Il!awiencc i",llel t!'fat a

jitevt-,,a:J ert,tc'}'u1tcnt jticv1mlJ

Y/;:i .

,--.r/:
/ . .r/.
i:::://a(e; '.::!/ /).{'C f.

121

LETTER- WRITING .

thtt

ehtivum 'J htitef eizvetatt'on

acce;/dtl',1

jot

00a1.1dtf'

t:Vt:?U·/7j!"

/_!} Yf%:>t 4jJt.! ~
QJlrj.1 !!Zlfo.1c o ccr;fd.>

Q/ltJ. S!!Jcl! 'd

3
wtihf1·1!-a.1rt!e

ei1Vt ialro11 / ;. %e.1da/'

tf2feco11/.~t 11ti1,./uv t /. a l .1t111o t o•c/;ic,.{

40 C:) f y /'lr'rnrl c -fve.
.{{}:ece·m .hi. vri-lccnt/.

7'.f1clne0clay. .@Jecemt~i /ouit.£.
Notice, iu the m.:1trnplus, that th e uarn c :llHl th & titl e
are placed l1pou tl1e same line.
· .. i11 l>a(l fo rm to
L1ivi1le a 11:tm e o r to sq1aratc titlrs a11 ! u a 111 (' . .t 11otl 1ur error often co mrni tteJ is tu ~a.y , "A p re viPns
eugagp,m e 11t will 11revc 11t." " A p re vi uus e11gagc 1m· 11 t
p r e \'!Jllb," is the corred form.
Iufornrnl uotes are wlrnt the te rm itself inipli cs.
E :·C Ull 'LE OF

if?25eat
4

/!{/(' Q.-f!;;;.1

hi1rl(:; r.ua.1c <fOaNte ':J
tJcho/ 7c4 lcic/rJJI, and ol1fe

&?°'kom.1on

nccf'.1.>a1,f. a /;encc j!.ov1,,

tf~t 'l!tot het,

GYR't.

I N FO!t~IAL

1\ 0TL

8it'rttt,j :

GY//t. yciahl and ef,wt!l'
ca.I'/ at /oat liouJtJ /o:mjd't fd 7.:JO, lo lltcl.l'e Otl/
lhe ~t cf loo£:> /() /e /.ouytft th.) ·m o111tf (oi th
QZliaiy.

y1ovt1 Q9'/;cc(.

~1wla_y

m oimi'jl·

e9fnceu/,f ;youi:J,

&ne:>I

~cmi/.~i jouutf..

<i/C. cywv~.

122

l----

ZCNGLJSJJ COJfl 'OSJTI ON J:r J>JU CJ'J CE.

J,JJ,"J'TKJl. WJUTINO.

G. Write n. l ette r to your fat h er or 111 otl1er, snpp nsiu rr eith e r uf them to he away from home for a w,.,.J;: .
0
"
G. ·w rite to :tll ab ~wnt fric u.1 giYin g au al'<.:Oullt of ~
"atheri n"n Jvon r cceu tl)'
attn11tl e<l.
n
•
7. D n11 c:u1 Bro wn of Peo ria, I ll ., i11close>>- $-1 ln tl 1f'
Century Co., ·uuion :-lqnnre, New Yo r k, as tl111 s11l1scription price of tlH\ Ceutu r y 1\lagazi 1ie for 0 11 P yea r.
Write the lette r.
8. \\rrite a forrn:d uote iu\'itiug a fri e111l tn c1i1111< ' r.
0. \Vrite an a ccept.wee of the invi tation. WritP :L
regr e t.
10. Y ou haYe lately met n, pPrson of nntr, or l1:tYe
l1<~ n.rc1 an c miue11t m:rn prr :Lch, ]('<·.tnrP , or "Jl":tk.
\Vrite a.11 iuterestiug Jett.er ahont tl1is to :L fr i('ll11.
11. On.for of R L. Ktdl ogl=( & Co., 2:) Cli 11 to1 1 Placc.,
New York, 11 copy of " :Ear autl Yoice Trai11i11 g, " l1y
N. A. Calkin s. T h e priee of th e Look is!)() cP nb .
12. \Vrite an apprueiatin-l lotter to th o all tl 1nr of ;L
JMtga.zine article nr slrnrL story 1d1i1~ li l1as l'l"as .. d ;111d
inte r es te tl yo n. Adtlress tli e a n tlior, i 11 can· of t!1L'
puulisli ors.
13. A leLter Lo a friPtH1 ,1,•se riliillg l 1u 11· yo11 11·n11 111
som e garn 0.
14. A ldte r inl'itiug a fri e ud to 1·isit y• •ll.
lG. \ Vr iie ;L1 1 iu fo rwal 11ote to a fri1 ·11tl asking l1i111
to l e nd you a honk.
Hi. \Vri te an iHfo r 111al iwto tl 1allki11 g l1i111, "11 tlw
r eturn of the l >onk, fo r tlw n so uf it.
1 7. \Vrite an applieai iuu for a situati on in a11 s,rer
tu an adv er tisc~ n1eut .

-

A 11ot c se ut l>y a fri e nd shoul1l uot be scal ed.

a · oi c;n t of town for a
f., rtni gltt.
tile f'llll of tlw first week , wri tu tn l1im
t.(,!li11g all nf i11ti •r1 •st that l1as <1('.C l1rrc d at s(·l1u1d ,
:111d al so stating tlic a1hanc·1: tliat has 111·1' 11 1nat1 e iu all
J1 is lt!SS(IJIS.

~. \Vritn to t l1 n J111lilishers of lit e pape r yo u tak(', n.ski11 g U1c 111 to cl1angu tl1 n 1t1ldrrn;s. Clim your ol(l a~l - .
dr•'ss in wri ting.

:;. ·w r it e to a friP1111 ,,·Jio h as rnon'.d else " ·l1 e r e, infon11i11g l1in1 o f tlt(' 1nisfortn1J<'S o f a11otlier.
·L \\'rilu an infonna l 11 otc~ ton. fr iu1111, in\'ili11g h er to
:L g:L m <~ of tc uuis or crrnp1ct to-m o r row afte ruoon.

1

/i:J\'f;/,/81! COJ!POS!T!ON lJY 1'1L1(}1'J(}Jr:.

;

,,,.

18. A Ya ca_tio u lette r to your fricud who i 8 nbo away
upun a ntcu t1011.
l!I. A11 i 11formal J1oto r equesting au iut\•rview
illlp()rtant l1nsi11 e::;s.

:r''
011

'..'.0. 1\"ritu a u u te ackuowle clgiug a prcscut.
, 21. ~Jt«lcr of Remy Holt & Co., 2U W est 2;51.1 Street,
?fow lnrk, b1·e nty- ti1·0 C1)pics of tl iis Louk, Htatiiw
lt<lw tl1l'.J' sl1all bo sl1ippotl to yo n.
"'

CHAPTFR VIII.

22. A leit(!r tn a friPwl expressi11 g your opiui ou
npoll a11y pn l1lic occ11rreuce or queHtiu 11.
2:1, ])(~ el in c au im·itatio11 to atteu(l a cot1cn rt.
. 2-t Y()n l1arn jnst fiuisl10d rradiug a l"<'l'('Jitlv pnlilisl1t )d l~•J•>k. ~e111l it t() ;lJJ in tilllate fri .. ud wl;n you
lu_1u11· will Lo pleased to rc·ad it. \\"rit' ~ a 11otc tu Hencl

PIWPIUE'l'Y.

w1tl1 tf1., hook.
26. \\ rit" a llote co11grat11lati11g a frit•wl wl10 lms
\\'1111 i11 a11y 1-.111t('st.

~1;_ ·\\"r1t1: a ldtor i111"losi11g pay111011t of yo ur groce r':-;
!. ii I.

'.27. \\"ril.•· "],.tt,,.r 111 .)O lli" f\>11cill'r asl;i11g l1illl fur a
l..t l«r elf l'".c·o1 111_11<'1Hlati()u, :u; yun iHte llil tu apply f()r
a ce rta1u sJ tuatwu .

DlC'l'lON.

I~ the follow ing exercises J..t th e pupil (kfrrmine
which wonl expresses tl1n id(!a co rrectl y . For ex ;w1plo, we r e one to writ•', "Tli1~ air uf tli c: stJt1tl1ern
part of the isbml is l1ealthy," tl10 11·01«1l1c11lt!11111·0:1ltl
J1 ot be the proper wunl. Tliu i\l•~a wliil'li the 11Titcr
wislic:-; to express is t l1at U1u air of t.IH, s"11tl1t·rn part
of the ishnil is colJll uc in· to l1 c altl1; it is, tlwrcf"rt',
l1l'11l!lf11I. Tl11, :·w11lc•111·., sl111ukl 1,.~, '"/']1,, air of illf~

8unt.lie rn p:Lrt of t l1 e isla11tl is li Paltl 1fnl. "
111 :dl "·ork i11 ))idio 11 1'C1lt :-illlt a11 1111:1li 1i.J ;..: ,.d <ii«tiu11ary. Tliu fullo11·i11g l>t> uks 11·ill abo all"unl H1u cl1
li el p :
\\'.,rds :ulll Tl1l'ir Us1·s. Hich:tr<l Cr:ldt W!tito-.
\\", "-.I'" Tlt eir lis1· :11111 /\li11s•'. !lt:i111i.,11·s.
:::>yn•Hl_Yms Di scrimina: \.' d. :::;111ill1.
011 tl1c St udy o( Word s. Trench.

1': \ 1':1{( ·1;.;1·:.

'!'he wliah'-fi:;li cry ll Sl'1l uftc:11 Lu be car r il'cl 1111 111
vicinity
I- v f· 1ar.rc 1.1e 111 s ul. ·IC:l',
.
0
•
l luca!tty I

i

J

w

I10rr. 11·l 1l·11

the

I JIL' 11·l'a t J11·r

] :!'. I

lt:NU l!S !I COJ!l'OSITION IJ Y l'UA G'f'I CE.

DI CTION.

asHist:mce, anJ leaping upon the whale, held up the line,
J \\' li il c ( 1
..
1
I t rn ot 1icr, raising t he harpoo n, drorn it deep
\ \\' 1l (' t\

E XE!lCI SES.

128

D ocide n pon t 110 i'Jnony m t o lrn nsf'<1 l· n th 0 fol1 1m inrr exer cises. U se tl1 e simpl er wonl wl 10 11 otl11 ·r
rc~sons d o 1wt determiu e aga iu st it. On1i11arily prefe r a specifi c to a gcu c ral term.

i11 to ll1u flesh. Bdore t hey li ac11111i ~ l1 ed, the whal e was under
I t ri·ii I
way. Hut m akin g a herculean - JT · t 1 lhl'y leaped, and

1 L\

{)J'

)

dash ing tl1ro n.t;h the wa ter, ca11 g l1t !1 0!.l of Lim edge of
t ho in! a nd 11·t're drawn 011L
J11foriafrd hy th e 11 e w WP1111d, th e whal e pln11 gc1l against
t II C l·«C,

·
1 t0
\\' l ll·C ll l· t CO il t.111nc1

d istan ce, wh en it l.1cr·:11 1:c

JI

lJrca l( .f 0 1'

'·'

I

l

l

T.
Damascu s has fo r th onsarn]:; of yDars he<·11 t li 0 rn ost
farn 0 11 s
)
{ disting
ni s l1e1l f

q u j. te
·1 a bl }
a cn ns1t era e

t ired
(
t l l <111d
C.\ 11:1 11.'i t:l

": u1k

J

attract ions

I_

I allnrcrn en ts I ·

to the

~pot. n n

g l u 1.1c f <>I' ,. JI(' g l .. ry '"'

Th e old c;;t o f th e

existin g, arn1 tli e

It was aitcrw:trd. s •I lift l'd )· 11 Jl, a 11 J ·\ l1:1.1•11cned}
.
I ha1li1;d I ·
I 1•rornd
to be t he l:u-.~•·s t whale we t ook d11ri ug that \"<•}'age.
butlo m.

t hC'

nl(k~t i n

. .
have swept orer i t rn

.

Y:lln ,

w o rld'~

(' ilit·s 11o w

j

l'l'lll:tlllS

J~.

11·: 1:·~

the nnivcr,f' . pnh:qis.

. . ,.

·1 t 8

/_

for it still 1 .. 1,1iti11111·.-;)

Jl· _
.1

j

,·,;

mascns tlie p ccrl e~l'. 'l' l1c sec rl't of' its lo1· ,· li11e".~ i.<. l1n1r ever, very ;:;i mJll <'. if nne c·a res to an alyze it. 111 tl H! ~! 1 · : uly,
protrnctc1l h <!at of' that <'lim:dc, 11nt so much c:-;1·"·'":11, :1s

Propriety. - 'J'ho nse of sn cl 1 words as f' Xpr0;;;s correctly th e m ca11i JJ g to lH~ courny c J i ~ ca ll ed i"r1Jpricty.

· g, not l illl
· g ·1 ~· 111 " 1..l
unrom1· tt111

Prn:crsw N.
an(l rnnninir wa t1·r.

Jn t.liu l:11gl ish l11. 11 g 1t11.ge tl1No an~ nfl0 n wnnl:;
wl1 i1·li co11 1·c·y th o t:in 111<' ge 1H' rni id1 ·a., lrn t. wl 1i 1.: lt l1ave
tlill" ·1·1· 11 t sl1:ul f's of rn cat1iJ1g. Fo r c xaiupl c, Clf1li or aml
r/1'/nt C!l l1 \·cy tl1e gc iw r:d id ea of st ro11;.; t1 i.-.;] [l;0, lmt Lo
0(1/io r is to .Ji s likn wl1 at is r c p11gn:u1t t u onr higher
fL~ <'li 11 gs , w l1ilu to df'l1'sl i;i to di t:i like what violates our

h ours.

priucipl <~ R o r moral vie ws.

1

Synonyms.- \\Tonls that havn 11 carly tlrn same meaniug a.r e S y1wn y ms.

lj

:1 tmo:~:·hcre }' and

All t hese
·'

(

rr ratcf11]

J

co nditi o n~

1

frnit ,.;

I sn rrn1111d 1. n~"

)

,..,
.i.:rntifyi
ng- \-

J aln1111
pll'nty
lr ,,f
:t11c·c J

w1"t]
. 1 (

L'

fum e the {

(
J

}

111:111

,Ji;1d c

n n 11·1·rs to

1·1 ·1--

1
id lt>
f,, r ·1 •
I

1·

!

111d1> r·11t. .

arc

eo mhi nc<1 at l )arn:1 s 1·1 1s . Tlw l11n 1s('s :1 rP i.u ii t i 11 : 111· f· •r1 11
' a h ollow squ;1rc nro11n d a co ur t pan·1I 11·: 111' 111;11"""
·' I 111
of
the mid st of which is a fo11n:a i11 ,o; 11rr1)1111i11·d 1•.1 • l:i 111!,, ·1ill <T vi nes, rnSL'"· and j : 1~m i111· ,.; , and 1aullt·d ,,,.,T i"· 1IH·
J e7i sc fol iage of rnul ocrry, oran ge, fi g . and ii11d \ ·11 I re cs,

{

-

1
"

- - ----

(

'

I. J()

A .\'1;/,/S/l 1·11)fPOS /rt11 .V /il' ! '1U (''f'I {; /(

n t CT/ ON.

a 11.! ]" '1111'.~ra11;il""' s f11d d!"d 11·i1 l1 S('adel. l11Hl s. l-ifq1pi 11 g
[r., 111 llic 11arruw, ('l'< )ok\•d, d11,ky slrc1·lo'. ,!!; l.,rn11t·d IJy
I
Ji 11ds
(
lllL'\'l i11g l':t\'\"o', \!Il l' :-;11<Jtil'Jll\· ./
l1i 11 1,l'li' in ;L
iJ i"l' U\ l'l'S )
1';1r;1di s<' of •':lo'L', 11·!1<1"1" •p1it'I. a1 1d l'\'l'us1· arl' ad 111irahly
I ad ;1plt'd I
.
·i
.
I I.' t" :'1111 ! h l ' t It l' ll l' l'l'1·s n I t It<' 11·<·:1n'.
I ;oi llllt•I

f;tlli11:..; tn pi(•r,r , . tltl'. gale:; an• olI th e hin ges ; old li la(' lJ11 s li1 ·"· ll'il It l'1 11i sh, 111 1J1tldv-luoki 11 g lea 1·e,; l' l'"ll'd t 111· yard
as if 1.n·i11g t hl'ir lies!. lo 1·:)\t·r 111• so 111 et. h i1 1g. F11 r )'L':trs,
.
.
. .
\ ]'l'l!drnted I
II() ra.v or :rn11lw ht l1as i
.
1. f t. hts lwtl SI'. Yul!
.
o
I
Ull l l'l'l'<
mi g li t k 11ul'k l1111g and lu11d arn l }'oil wo11 ld

r

l'l'll<ll\'1\ I .. r I )111 1 1 a ~L' ll ~ ha s
I 11 ot uri ct 1· I
d u11 ht k ' s l1t•1•1 1 ll1 u n1a 111J l'I' 11,r whi .. Ji iL i:s H]' proae li cd.
.
\ 1·xl1a11 :-; Ii 1w I
;\ fll'J' ; L \\'l':ll'I S<Jlll l! a11d . . . . ,., l' jOlll'll(',V 0\'l'I' I.h e
I Ja t1g 11lllg
.
J arid fI ;;:u1ds
u f .\l l'' "Jln L1111 ia. "r tl1 c iar 111 11ru 1
I dry
t ha l lie lid 1l' l'1·11 }:.!.(_l']> L and J'all'slirtl', t l1 u LJ'aY l' lle r Sl'( 'S
.
I " ·iif 1· I
. a long 1111
. 0 { intense ly f/
r j1lat11.
l1efun' lt 1111 , 011 a ·i
I \';p; I, )
l'Xl l'l'lll\•Jy
dar k a 11<l gn•1 ·11, J'('"\'ll 1lili ng th e s liaduw of a l1 ear y c lu11d
IJrood i11g Ol'l'I' t l1L' la11d st·:1pc. A s !tu approaclil':s it, the
i J'('St 1ll'f•f' I .
.
- 1tsl'lf 111 !0 tire de nse fol i:wo
dark 111;1 s,; "( 1
of 1wl111,
(• l ii ll ,~l' S 1
l:""l
11111l lw rry, li g, or;t1 1g1', a11d lin de n f l'l'L' s , Ia,Ji11g t Ir e s1roo11ing
:\ 1111! IH'J'

l';ttl >' I'.

ul' I li t• ·'

. . w ! lie e .d y with
.
jJ ""'J'<1f\-f1ll
}
air wifh jll'rf11111 r., and fill11
.
0
\ Jilea:; tng
·
s ltade.

IT.
011 on e ,,f· th ese s111111y l1ill, id cs is a s mall h on sc, left
1111p;1i1ifl'tl "" 111:111 y y1•;1r" , tl1;1L it ha s g ro\\'11 gray as a
g ra11i t1· l1n11ldl'r. It s d11urs a n ' :illl'a.)',; 1:d 11:t, it ~ wi m!ull'S
j ,.J.,sl'ly I
( tig htl y r) c urtained to tli c :; ill. Tit<· frnce a ro un d it is

\ l' l'S f' O ll ~\' I
j certa in I_ fl1aL 1111hudy
-1 a11 s11·e r f ·· yo tt wo11ld pa>'S 0 11 , J\ .,~ 111 . 1. I
rc;; idi11g (
\ n · ~ idi11[!" {
con Id be ~ dwelh11g ( lhur u. No one is .;, li1·i11g. ( the re.
l lt\'l n <r )
/ dwelli11g)
Yd, i11 :;u111 c on e of Lh t: ro0111s sil:; ur li es a 11·uma11 II' lw is no t
over } .
dead . She is {
L c1gl1Ly. \Y ltt,11 she was 11 girl , ~ li e
pas
·
lol'ed a ma11 wltu lo l' cd h er si:;tcr, and n ut h e r.
.

.

J> .. rlia ps

j lltl'll I

- tu
next. 1
a11ollt cr, ev en among s isters. At any rat l'. t l1is girl "o
l oved the man who was f'o he h er s i:;ter's llll ,d 1a11d, t hat.
it was k11own and wltispl'n"d about. And w!tl'll 1i11" da v
.
. .
. I po :-;~ i l 1 h I
j arril' cd I
r for th e w(·dd11w, tl 1e m1111 ti l cr, li<·11 1g )
] · ( earnc J
'"'
1 JH ' I' 1a I'~ 1
. .
I fo rl 1tnr" I
a u c rv ons :11:tn , an d lt a l'ill~ thi s !10or g1r1 s s a1 1 ·1 fa le
th e n, as now , me11 111adc love Hll y, lm; L t<i onu,

I

i .

i

.

.
.
(dreadful
m11 el1 m Jw; tlwught.s, rn:ule t he ) Le rnl1k ( 1111 ,; lak c " f
( awJ'll l )
r·alli11g h er name in stc:id nf lwr s ister 's in t he 1·cn·111 011y.
\ s :-;11111 1 as t lt e p oor c rcat nrc l1 card he r narn r , sli u 111 ll'r\'d
0<1dly l
it loud Shriek :tl!U fl~d .
•
{ CJI Oll gh, 11 0 0110 bad
{ C•
,:J Lrange 1y J

!(,\'!;/,/SJ/ CIJJll'OS/T!IJN l tY l'RA U'l'l(;b:.

/J ! CT / ON.

. (l to j . stop } t he milli 8fl'r 1111.J set
I pre~l'llCe o [· 111111
tie
11 111t err11pt
. ( n1islak(• I _ .
.
rl';illy ~
l11s - 1 1 1 \ n~ht. and the bride was
·
ar1 J llll! er . ·
ad.11ally 111

1

ri e<l, not by hL'I' <111·11 name, hnt. by lier ~ i~tcr's.

_

day I.he s1sler
"

Frnm that

j :iroiL1e<l l
{ m_ai11L1i11 ct1}
r <'wry 011r. :::ihe
m~1stcd
\1 s 111111n e( )
1

.

that the hrnl rg rc11)1ll had bern

1IH:<liJL'. LJ }

declared

to her; lrnt she
marnrc1
ll'islt r lt m·i·t•r a'.;:ti11 h1 ~er a ht11lu111 facP. She is past
L'ighty . a11d h:1s 1101 yvt. hl'C ll able l<i dit•. \\'i11tcr lH'fore
_( Sl'\'( 'J'l• t
.
J OIJ;-;(• J"\'et] ~I
Lisi.. in thr ti111c of I
eu ld 1t 11--1s I
t (' rri hle l
'
'·
11ot.i<,.·cl \
fo r a 1Li1· or t\\'1> t l1at 11 (1 ~ rn11kc· ca me out of t li e t: hin111 cy of
this old hous('. Oil LIH· fo11rth d:iy, the nrighliorH lirvkc

11iS('()l'CJ"Cd I_. t l 10
·
fo11 rn1
)
wo man lying i 11 ~ens ihle Oil thr floor. 1w:1rlr frozen. A few
t' ml)(' rs 11·Ne smollldering on the hrarth. \\' hen thr_r ron sed
ope n t l IC ( I oor

alll I

11-e11.,I

1 ll.

' ]']1 (' \' JI

her to co n s<· iou s urs~, she cnrsrd t.hC'm
. •. _ .

h,ti 111 ~

111nlC'str1l (

_I

I di sturhC'd l

~

~ for

fnri on sly
fier cely

)

..
lll' I . lint., as the wa rmlli from the

:l

~

j co1111tw t ions
(

n·laLi res

l\

whn g o to the

l

"""'"

t

take
l1L'r fn11d . Sh e knows t.lw ir voi('•·s, :111·!
\ carry 1
aft.er parleying with tliC'm a few minui('S i.hrn11;,;ii :i1n
closl'tl (Joor, will 011cu it, take the fv11d, a11 <.1 so11H· l i111.-s
c iet
) permit ( tli e111 to come in. I ham twif'e st•en lwr st;111d/ alluw J

ofk 11 a 11 tl

I

in!.'., at t.wilil[l1t, in tl1e J nark I_ sl1a11e of Jt .. r Ji11J, . 1:i:-il_
··
~
1tlauki
..
·
and J1 to •V j I JI'
at the j l':tVl'>i· o f l j 11~ j"1l:1l's. ,...,"} l<'
_,.., )t :u1n1essly
\ fum\Jlrn g 1
..
j l j l't l
did 11 vL 1 . - lit·r head, n1· l1111k !011·ard l i11' 1-.1:1d, ;111.J I
1 nu~e 1

J mm·ing I . . , . .

half-i:crd.nry.

"

..
l, .

"

"

,!·'...

... ,

A 1 . ..
r sl1 .lpe 111 .i, i.;1,111 1 1111g-J
tg1r
·
.
,
( a pp1•;1 n·d /
van] n.t lll!..'.hL W•>til<t n11L ]i;irn ·1 · · __ . - half ,;o 11111 -: 11111 _1
•.
-t lit; Clll C(1 1
so li t. t.lo of this world.'

dared not speak Lo her.

Precision.- Detc r mining wl1at Ryno11 ym to 11;-;e 1· •
expresR the exact shade of mea11i11g is c;dl ed l'rr-

cis·ion.

\•'

(11

d c~ ire

lips for

~h e has

r C'l 1cmr11tly 1

slL·al i11fn hr1· hlno(l, :olic Ui:m kcd
J tha11kf11 itll'ss I_r heard from h er
Lhem,-thc only word s of I
g rat if nde
1
fire and 1ri110 hog:111

to tlic !

A(t\·r all ::;he did il nt

( ''.I

!'t'

wish
1\':ll ii.

.,

EXEHChES IN l'!Wl'l\IETY AND PHl·:c1s100f.

Detonnino in tlH-\ foll<rn iug e:-;.ereis(~,.; wliat 11"1-.1 t"
u,.:o, ;u11l !1 ~ 11 11-l!i·tl• <· r it.s 11,.:e is i11 a,\'()ill all 1:l'J'(IJ' 111
l'ropridy or in PrcL"i:--<iuu.

I...
.-.;•

'' .~
··~

.

.

/;'.N UL181l G'UJii'U:Jl'J.'JIJN 1J Y l'IL. I G'J'J<.:ffJ.

n~

I.
'l'J1e Loudo n fo 0" wl10,;c

J c·haraekr

nI C:1'10N.

"

)

is

J

rrc·n er·il )

,. .,
'
\.
/universal j

( r1'j lldat. iu11 f '
\ murc c 11r iu11 s I
is Of !.WO kiJltlH. 'l'li t• )
1
·
• .'i l't'l' il':l allU at Lhe
{ 111 1/Sv 11 lll<jll U )
'
1
s:11111· li 111 0 liil' 5 ' 'a,;L ~ lla11gc·ro11s, is t he liLu:k fog. It is
( 1i•,;s )
.- i111i'l.Y tl ark11, .., ,., wli i(' li i>'l'1J1111il l'le a11d i1tl t·11 s1•. :\ ,.; it re111a i11 ;;

it <::rn 11 ot he seen CV!:ll at the i:;hortcst

Traffic

.

.

st.npped, t he llll stlc of t he city

18

'J'h c 1H·wspaper

.
t ha t ]10 is Ill

lilll'S~ .

] l 1s
. w .I 1'1rn1ilia.r
I }
( 11al 11ra
n·g:i. rd
.
lo tuo i >co11 lc 11( L on tlon th ;~t they tl o 110 L
l ll 1(.
{ ( '0 11 :-i ll (~I'
11 par l i1·ular)
.
•
us a11 _yll 111w . ·
a1Hl lr:tflic g"t''i 011 n11i11Lt· r,., l J't'l'i1I 1ar j
1
hala1H·c I
rn1>lct1lv for tlw J
. l
. of the day.
"
( n: m1u 11 l N I
111
Tlw _( ""(. tft'JTiflil lt' ~ ], i11 <l is 1lic n·ll ow fog . whi ch t.hc
/ lll<!l'C ca r 11
J
"
l·: 11 gli.;J 1 1·all "J'l':l -s1111p.
'J'liis g iH•s 0 11 c a c liuking
I St' llS:t Lil >ll I
·( i11111n ·ss i.,1 1)- . a11d i r lit: tl1Jc·s not. wi :-d 1 lo lJc Sl'i;\ccl wil II
a11 a t. lac k u[ l1l"od -spil ti11g lit• is l/liligr'd t•> L'V\'t'l' hi ,; 1111111l11
. lo r. ,I,li e "a.-; .ts I a l111.v::;t I. .I . 11 sc les:;
}
wi.th <L r csp 1ra
.
"
( <[lttlt: j ( rn1pracL 1eab1e

}

Ct:

·

\ lfll il'I !·cl l
hu ~ li cd ) and

Io -

1

II.

c;u:h oLl l(:r, it ·

sl l'l'l'I, at 11i .~lit .

! l ti .all

for a j co uple of l h ou rs all seem s lmricJ in i:;ile ucc.
( seve ral \

i 11 t ii l: 11 pj>l' I' al 1110,;1.J11 ·ri1· _\' ''jl'l<'l
·. ' ·S .,. , i L dl!l'i> 11<1 l I jl! 't: ll1 par/ n·g11111s j
1
1iarly
{ dfl'd I
\\" I . . j Ja,;fs I
11
1
lieularly j
aiTl'l:l f :lll yni ic.
tl iL t t·11d1 1rl's f' t.he
.
.
. .
I
1
"W:i 1:; lwhled e\'l' l' )'ll' ll' l"C :Lllt OIW has tlw
-( illljll'C.'i::i. l(11J }
b
•">
•
'
( i;('ll H;d 1t 11J
t Ii !·

.

] ojllLC:C
' (

{

t•a rl h

l_

is to the

wha t

{ wurld \

1

I i 11mal.c:l I .

1lll (• lll l)(' J'S

I co mpl ete)
·1 l'lll ire i
J l'U ll\'l'rsal.inn

. oJ a ho11 s,· l10 ld.

\

I c ult 11 rr cl
1·il'ili zcd

i

1:,;

S JlCL'l'il

I

f

to Lim

lt h ·c· ps up f>ttr i11 tt· rl'st i11

I n •cl c·c·111 s /, ui:; frn111 the 1i l'\·ils I- uI -I lo11C'i:;an·:,; \
{ ill ,; )
1 is•>la{
liY C )
I.
To
as a 111 c mbor uf ll1 c g rl'a t w 11t1 :

I

t. ion

lr

exi st

J •

J lla!ion l
1 race f
j s lmrc

whid1

f

has fill ed

E11rupc and

Ar11 t: r iC'a, to

i

r fr o1 11 day lo day ilti c;1rc:>, its tliou~lit~, its
( t1il'idc f
a;;piratio11s, it is 11 cccs:;ary that every n1a11 ;;l 1ot1 Id J'L·ad
h i,; dail y 11 e wHpapcr.
\V l1y are the .Frur1 c h pc·as;uils
i:;u

.1 J lbzzled l ., ll ·18 1uccau
.
se t iH'Y
' · y l bewiltl c n ,d rJ •'

(" L ~l

J

1\os lN1 ) 1>y j n1 edi11 111 r/ u.( Hc wspape r,;
in fnrn1t'tl )
I nu•a11::; J
'
1-' i Ill tt J[ illl l'C!l l ::i
}
) con Le lli pora ry
C\'Cll t ::i.

l

( co 11tcmpora neo us

ar('

11 c \'!·r

.,,.,, c,c·ti.ti ,"'
,..,
1 ~. , 11 ·

F;\"(;'/ , /8!! CO .lf/'OS /'f'/IJ,\' /JJ ' /'/i .·1 l'T/(.'/(
i~

the jlO[l11 hi ir1 11 )
r o( tl11 ' 1"11it1·d 1-:>Lat i·s
:trl' Lhl' JH·npl1· J
j s1·;tt I 1, n·d i
.
lhn1wh 1 .
'°' \ I1IS J't'l'S (' \ .11.- 01·e r a tC'rnturv" f11urt1·en t:in 1t•::; I. h e
1\ 11d why

-1(
t

an·a o r Frall l'C', so 1n 11ch nwrc
\ :wf ion ) .,
pol ii i1·:ll ·1 :wt r i .

_\

s11 itr·d f"

I a t C1111 :u r tcd

I cap:1hli- 11f ).

\\·it.\.' a 1·1, t lt1·.r ~o 1111 w lt 111 on' i11t,•r-

1·:-;t 1·.J 111 11v11· d is1 ·01·t·r i1·s of all

tl1L' 111.•.<L 11[ t iil'111

~

It. i1; hL·1·;111 se t.li c

11c11·sp: qwr prn ctralrs 1·H·ry11·hl' rr, :i nil er1·11 th e

J '<o lihry
'
r/
1

1., Il l· I I ' )
dw1· llvr 011 llH· prairi e C>l' i11 t lie forest i,.; 11 nt. i1it l' ll<•1·l 11-:illy
( st·pa rn l1 ·d I ,
( 1111!.li c 1
- · j t [ r fr 1l!ll Lil(' grr:tl. Clll Tl ' Jtl ,.; of _
, I Ji[c
I 1.~o a l'< )
'
I f rl'C f
1rliil'i1 flow Lhnn1 gli I. he (.(dc.s;ra11h a11<l llw ]'re:;s.'
l' U nlTY.

L{1•atl tlw fn]lrming ExN1·is<', look np tl1 e it.alil'i W<l
won ls in an n1wl1ridg-e d dictionary, and 11oto w bat is
sai11 of eac h.
SELECTING A CO A CHMAN.

, \ ruw }C'Hrs ago .\! r. :\I ilk :111 t·ldnly gc·ntl e111a11 of a
111·i .gl1linri11g to wn. l1:11·i11g lo.'t l1i s 1·.,ad1111an l1v <ll':lili, adn·rt is1• d fu r a11 oll11·1-. l 1 11f11rl1111;1tl'h·. ,\Ir-. .\Ii.II,.; had the
r(•pt1latiu11 or lit•in!_'. a ('/'(/J//.·: l1t1I :i,; 111• h:id II/ls of lllOJI ('}',
f111"11i ,; lied :1 sll'dl li1·l'1·y. :111d 1': 1i d t:'"'d 11·:11"''" lll•,.; idl'H, tho

JJJOTION.

137

po,; i1.ion was 1l ee mcd a (]o:;irahle one. Ire 1li1l not 11·iHh a
110M1.11 1·111wlrman who wonltl clriYe fasL and nrak e a g-n·at
s7J/11/'!fl', buL he d u:,; in·Ll 01 1 t he eo ntrary a 111an who \l'uuld
Llrirn slo wly and keep ont uf da11gc r.
J fow ;;h :dl l ,;(·lect from a m1111bcr of appliean Ls a man
th:d; l ('a ll rely llJlOll !' qu e ri ed J\lr. J\lilk I <•1>i1w that the
t:I,;k will be a difli e 1tl t on e and I tlo 11 ot l'iil!tus e OYer it.
;\ f[(·r i;t1n,;idl'ri ng t h e 811 Jijl'd Jie rO:;o] ve1l ll pon the folJ<>W i n!_'. r·ufr plan, :u1d dir1•dl'd hi,; senant to sh 1iw in the flr;;t
<Lpplir:lllt. Jn a sfrJ/f/ fruirl mann er Mr. 1\lill:; lidcnc1l lo
what tl 1u appli ca n t m i1lof hi:; qualiJi ealiuns for the p<·~ i t i o n,
allll then a;;k ed him how nea r li e could 1lriYC Lo Ll1c Pdgc
ol' a ro:td at. the top of a high c mban.krn ent. .. 'l'o 1r ith i11
an inclr," an :; 11·L·red ll1e rnan. Our friend di:;n1i~scd him .
;;ayi 11 g that if li e wi s hed Iii ;; se rvice,; he 11·011IJ ee ud him
w unl in a few dny s.
Of the seeornl a['pli r allL \re :1sk(~ 11 the sa me q11 est iun. Tln•
rn:w, wh o was "omet hin g ol' a lrtlkisl. rrplil'd, "A ]'crsun
uf any y11111;dinn at all onght lo 1lriYe within :1. lialf an inch :
and,",;ai1l lr c," m:rnyatime I've 1lon c it." lie to<>k hi s
departure, no t a little disgn111/ll'rl, wilh the nnder~t ancli11 g
tlmt he ,;ho11ld be sent fo r if lti H iq1pli c;1lion 11'll.H success ful.
The Lh ird appl icant on hearin g the qm•,;t io n said t hat li e
reall y <li<l 11(J t know, as he had never tri('(l it, buL as a 71rr·r·r·11loli1·I' :i gain"t ai;cidl'nt h e ~ h o nlJ keep asiar away from
t li e cdgt' :is poss ibl1>.
J\lr. 1\lill,; 110 longer i11n:rla/11. wl1i <· h of the ;q 1p li c : rnl~ to
chou,;l', ung:igcd t li e lasL u 11 e, g ivin g him whatev er wagl'S
the 111 :1 11 plca~etl to ll:lllll'.
Yon li:tve 1rnti!'('d tliiLt 80llle uf tli e italicizr.L1 words
ca11110t l ie fo m 111 in the Llictio1rnry; tlrnt some are
fon·ig11 wurLls; tl1:d; oLliern arc 111ark eL1 cullo'111ia f, lmr,

1:J8

JCNUUSU CO J/f'OSJJ'J ON RY f'lt.-1 C1'/ Ck'.

7I.'1 rovi1u:ia7,
o r olisolrtr. E1·e r}' itali cizP•1
, 1-<ii· l 1 lll
· tl w
.
.
, ,,
:i won1 n ot in re1)1.1 t" i.1 -. 11 .
,. u e s<', 01 . 110 t pure.

.exc r e 1:-;e Js

Puri t y.- Tl 1c us e of such words u11lr as lieloJJo- to
t l1c l:rn gnagc of onr 11est write rs a11d s.peake rs at°the
prPs <'ll t ~111ie r n11,;ti t u tes P urity of Dieti nu.
\\ liat '" a fo re ign 1rnnl?
\\ ' 111 ' 11 .is ;L ironl ca ll e 1l local or ]'l'<lYinciid '!
\\ hat

J,.; all

CHAPTER IX.

ESSAY-WRI'l'ING.

"hs n li>tt ~ weird'!

.\\ .l1at is tli n l1ill'erc11ee l1et we· e11 au uu:sv
i.
I e t e allll au
<1l1s1d1· s('(;i1t \\'Ol'll '?

WHITE au essn,y npo n "Tl1 e Bntt.011-Box" l1y usin g
the q n otetl ni ;tLtc r anil cu111posing tl1e pa.rts sngg<•st C'tl
l>y tlie heat1iugs. Directions a1Hl l1i11ts a r e put in
]1;Lrc11tl1 e s is-marks. Tl1 e qu o tell rn atte r neetl not lie
ill clns0L1 in q 11 o tati011 - 1narks.
THE DUTTON·BOX .

t

f

"Ev ery family h as :L recepi.a(:]e f'u r h ohlin g cas t-off butt o n s. :-iom e t imcs it is : L hag; ::;o 111eti111 es a jar; sometirn es
:L dr:t11·cr; 0Hc11cr, iwrh:tp~ , a box.
" What a var iety Lhne is in its co11l:enhl \\'h 1·rc <lid
t h ey all co mo fro111 ? An old garnwn t is co 11 sig11ed to t he
rag ma11, bnt the carefnl h o11 se kcl'per <~nts u!I th e 1Jutlo11s
a 1t 11 thrnws them in to t.h c liox.
:-:>ometi 111e llH' _\' wi ll be nseful, s h e t hink s. Ul oveH that ha v<· sc n ·t·d th c· ir Jar lll :t_\' gn ;
tl 1cy lc;L\· c t heir bn Lto 11 s. C hairs a11<l sufas mn st lie 11 e\\'l y
11pltol stneJ, bnt the olcl liutto11 8 an· sa1·etl . \\'h o k111111·s
\V l 1;Lt l >t ' f' O lll CS (Jr LI IC sl t1 !l' of garm ('Jl ls or fo I'll it 11 )'(: ?
'I'll (•y
ha\' c ldt a mr mory in ll1 0 hnttu11-liox - f'a('h set , or si11 g le
representative, ' tlie abst. rad and brief t.: hroni cle o f' its
ti m e.'
" So111P arc ~o old-faslti<JJW<l, ll11·y will no t t1o to pnt 01 1
li.l\I

· ·'

14()

HNUL/Sf/ COAffJO~!J'fON f JJ' J
"
'U. 1 C1'!Cg

b'SSA Y. W!U'l'JNO.

t 11 )!f• Of ll SC ;
half a d uze 11
S ti ll, t.li cy acc 11111utl1 ese odu uutto JJ 8 a
1'h1'~

l 0 1·sr•n

lll<l!J lll' y i1 1e n tu
siii ·h 11 ,, .,.1,111 ., )

th e r:l1ild /'/e1t
tu

111'

~·ti iny

NATIONAL FLOWERS.

(1C,;,·a111i11 e

" ' lIC' ro iHa Lutton off'
tl
'I wond(• r if l ' ,;;i ·n; IC ma ttL· r-of- fact. l1 0 1 1 ~~ eL(lx.' "
. c:an 1i11d a match ill tli e bu t.tonJ(('L'pcr.

•

( fJ;-.1·<'r i l1e 111 11111 / d,, /lie 1.~, 1 ,., .
.

{11d
r 111!1t s lu11ie
.

.

'!/ lli P'f'!

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11 101

11.r 1111 ,1 ,. / . ·
•
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.

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.
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(hi e ut 1'1 <
/ l 1l

I ~ ll/ / ll l il'nJll / S(' 1//1/1!1 • 11/, /,/\/
.
.
I"itfo11 s i n th e /111ft u .t, r
, .
· · ·.
11 0

c

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lie .".!
· {.

' V u1

I .

!li e size is
I
u11t 11 ot u.f

UlllJI 1111it tliat th e
. n e1n lll fllt-lt tli os1• o1tt r!f ' ii.)

" , '

I o t he ll ll s<·t ilirn c ntal l1 on:-<e wil'i·
.. .. ,
B11 t. I .
. t1 11 ~ I S ,t l'Olllill Ull
.
1011 l11 any Hl'l' Llierc · d i '
.
tha t .!.i'J l1t•v und 1 /Jj .; 1111 d . •fl L
' < .) 01 1 811)1/ HlS(',
..
·
H ec 11p1rn tlit• 11 t,
\
m·t·r t. li u hux . ll'i · )'i l' k "li L . f , . ,
;1.~ ·
.I s we /uok
.
.'
.L <\\ ' /iat l1a1·(' a h isl11 n · ..
() ( ' (' ll!TU !l ('(;

1111• l11 s/11 r!J 11 ( , 1 /i•ll· / 1 ti
.
-·
lL
(
.
.
I I
""·'I/lid lf'//fl/ /111 ·11 l'f'('((/l)
Ull ·uu.r reca lls 111 a 111 ,
·t .. ~
·
··
"'" r i /,_, 1!1ese. 1
!! J)a.i "'' 11''"' 11111 1 1111·111 or i1·s.
( (/1rr'

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ft ,

., .

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t

L e t t li e p upil r eatl eloscly tl1 e pu·t g i1·eu of an
e s s a y 11 pon "Nati1111:d Ii' low ers," 11oti c<~ t.l1 u 11wth oL1 o f
treabn eut, obtai n iuformati on upou tli o sul lject from
every so urce at cornrnam1, a.ml foll o win g the suggestions of th e Leadings, compl ete th e essay.

Oil slun11y da !J>'.

ll 'li a ! t h " l1lf(/u 11 -l11J.1: u t fror:/s
Ifi e <:111Jl e11/s l/ ll rl c/eg r ilii'.)
lo it lies idt'.Y Ul/tli)//S.

/0 11111/, .

141

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.
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p;rc·at n1y our s111 al l 11·nv1 If 1't . . .
, i }011t i;elf! H o w
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ll () t, I1ave ))("l· l' l j ' "~ O Ill .rn
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lift'. ll o11·\·1·t' r h11rn l l ·- . , ·.· ',' <H1.'1 11 g lia<'k rnh1 o1 1r 11ld
J l
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l IJ
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j,, , 1·.. if \\"'" I J·U Ii () ( j i() ) l11r, _l°llll . .' '
' e l l';U , ;t 11</ \\'()

"l\fany oJ Lhe c·on1 111011 flo wers. h(l t l1 (If ll 1c ti cl rl and of
th e g aru e n, hav e acq11irt'd signifi cation s pr c11l iar to t lt e111 seh-es. In t.l ii s Urn rnl c src ms to be t li at Pach Jlow cr
c xpr e s ~es tk 1.t se11 tirncn t or tho ught whi .. 11 wonl d nat11 rally
b e th e first suggested lJy its form ·and color. T hi s is trn<·
n ot only of fl owern, bu t a] ;;o of shrubs an ll l! \' Cll of t r e •·~ .
Tlrn s, t h e sign ifi catio n of th e yew is s e ri o u~n e ~:; an t1 ~n ­
le n1n ity , th at of th e i: ypr c~s i:; :;orrow .
"Hy tlie agrn cy (If flo11·r rs. ~ e 11 t i 111 c ·11 ts 11wy he co111·pyp![
in a l:u1g 11 a g 1~ which i ~ lwauLif til , aH'1 11ugh ~ i le 11t. :-l1·11 d
t.h c· rosl' to the lovr·<l 011 e. the g er:t11 i1 1m to th u fril'n d :
Lwi11 e t he laure;I l'o r th e Yicto r, a11d t he oak-lea\'('S for tht•
pat riol.
"B u t flowe r:-; and il1 vir sig11ifkat.i o11 K 11re o[ i1 dl'l'l' ~ t
110L Lo individuals a lu11 c, for 1n a 11 y 1·n11 11t ri P~ ha1·u (' " " ~ <·11
11a liu11 al fl owers- so me l1eca11 se of Lhe s1 •11 ti 11H·11t s t. h"v
s uggest. aml oLh e r~ 011 ;)('('(lll n t of so mo end (·arin g a:-; ~ o (' ia­
t io n <·01111 ede<l wi th th e rn. Th us. l ~ ngla11d ha s th e ro ~ n.
I. ha t frag rnn t l'lll Li em of alfed ion . N1·\'t•r w; ts Jlmr cr >'L>
111i ~ el 1 os e 11 ! I !ow 11111 ch love docs Engl:l.lld l'Yin ct• t:o wa nl h1·r
sistc r-11at.iu 11 s, ap;a i11 st wrn e v ile of wh( •lll :;he is c:on t i11 u:il ly
wagin g war? ll ow mu ch toward th e !1Popl e of f n ·l:i11d.
w horn m·e11 now ~he is nppres8i ng. :~<; Rh< ' on ce did the
lf nit e<l ~ta t e s ? 1fow tn11 c: lt i8 visibl e at home a11 1ong hr r
ow1 1 iwuple, Llw lurd s a11d Ll1 e co 111111u11 ::; ?

J -12

Ji:J\'0 JJS I! COM/'08TTJ ().N lJ

r

ESSA y . WRITING.

1'UA f ''l'ICF:.

" \\' h<·11 ll10 t·iYi] ll" :tr was f(l111rl1t llt't 11· ,, 11
Larwastt• r and y., rJ.: f 11 . ll .~
. l< t lw ho11 sr;;: of
•
1· It' ] "'""l''"
.,.;/t
(' f"IJWll f /i l' ·
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•, . • Ii1 11 ' 11· t' IIU I.•, 111r} 1
·'
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o .
n·d r-.1,;u a 11d iht· wl.iitt· r . '
'I " s ,1s ie1 r sy mli ol:; Lire
""C. ' as tlil'J"(' Hll )' lu1· •
ti
.
Iia t,t I•'-l1t·ld, wliL·re hrnlh' . . f
c n11
iat
I t"ll l
( 1,, Oil<' l 1t >' () li.l' l"t'l' h·.
wholt• la11d wi th !hf' 1]"1.101
. ·l
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. J a111 1 t'• t li e
. .
" ' oft.l1<·1rstnf·; Jt ·. ·
111 11 t1'· '" tlw ·siir111·1·1
.
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t'"t'
. 111111
o f ti If' n·l. . 1 t. . 1 . , lss:r 1d that
jni11l'd
\\"ii , LI
l
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11
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iu n" I'll-<<' uf 1 "LI
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ru,;t• of Y11r k iq·re 11 11i t<· l I'. t I
" wa,, t· r :111• I l1l' ll"l1it e
LI· ]'··
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. H
r 111 .. ess }.l rwlil't h i1f Y11rl· I ]. L .· . , . .
. o
th<·11 YI'!'_)' :tpprop ri iite fn r til t• I,.~ ~ .1.1. s1g1 11~1 .. at1on was
]'I<'. ..
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, t ( i 11 g~ of 1li e ]-, 11 gli ::; lt peo.. ~ c·0Lla11d 's farnr ito flo wr r is the tl . ·tl
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ht: 11 :d 1011:il tlo irt·r <if Tr ,1. 1 . . ,
l11t• li<·arts of IJ('r 1•r 11pk
'. . .1111 Is d 1u ::; lialllrcwk , •lt•ar Lo
" l:u ssia 's faro ri lt~
l111pt" .. . "

tloll"l' r

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IS

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J 1ll r . t 111 · "'1n1al rnn . . :1s
l11•r l'art1rilt: ll11wt•r
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I , IS 1111 lll'lf j 11 ,
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l1:111glify Sp:iin
' ' "J'l'l:t t' t· 11ili/1·11 1 for
•· l'. l':tll t" (' I1;1.s 1·)11 1,S 1'll ilS J1 '• . 1·
111 1" 11 " l l i/ 11·"""111 111.. fl 1·11 1·tI I ·-1 ·Is.· II·II ·It' II ' I·"11 ·11 .t ' =", .•L 11.:lffll't ' II/' ·JJllJ'J
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tul<l .. :'·' <Im,111.1, .111d <'0 111·t·rn1 11g it, a11n·I Lys lury j ~ 11fteu
" 11 <·s11· 1es thosn Eu l'OJH'"
.rn 11.t. t.l • •lis
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0 LIW I' ll :1t.11111s wli ii·li h· ti·t· 1 . 1 .
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1a , 01 1r 1·11t11 il r Y 1S

OUTLINES.

T h e m an1 t hree p:u·ls to e ve ry fini s h Ptl compositi o n, Th e IntrOlluction , tl 1e D iscussion , antl th e Coucl u siun.
Discussion. - Th e Discuss ion is tl 1e h o tly o f th e com p osition , a ud contrti11s what is 8ai t1 of tl ie lh ern r .
Introduction.-Th e l nlrUiluclion iutlical es th e rno!lo
of tre atm e 11t o r giYes o tl1 e r p re li111i11nry 111 attm· to le a t1
u p t o t h e tliscm;sion.
Conclusion.-T li e Co11clnsion gi \'es a. s nrnrn nr y of \\' ]1a t
has h ee u saitl or e rnplrn:-1i1r.es t h e p o iut:-i 111 ade i u the
di scu ssio n .
In tl escr ipt ive ancl narrative essays, il1e conclusion
am1 ofte n e r th e iniro<lu ct io n may b o o n1i tt.l'1l; b ut iu
these Crt.8C8 e ith er t]1 c o r<l er of tim e :-;] 1lllll1l ht, f.,j.
l o we tl or th e tlis cu ssim1 s lr1 1nltl t e 11tl tn a elirnax.
Evc>ry co rn position :-111 1\ll ltl li1L\" t\ n11ity a11<l 1llr·tl1 otl .
That is, e 1·ery Sl' nlmwe s l1 n1 iltl l1avn a di :-1l i1 1d n·hli••ll
t o th e th1 ·rn e, n.11cl th o tlt11·elupm1·11t .,[ th e tli Plll<'
slio11l1l fo llo w a. 11atnrrd onl1 •r. To ol1Ltin irni ty 1111tl
m e tliotl, p 11 p il s sl l() nl tl write ontl i11 cs for t1 1e ir p,.;say,.;,
i11<l icat i11g th o m a in l11 •:ul:-1 n11d1•r wliit·h U11•y wi:-1 !1 Lt1
trent th l' ir tlr r. nH1:-1, :Lrnl Ll1 e snh-1liYi :-i in11s u ndr r tl1 P:-<t).
Ca.r o shonltl h e t:d;0n to co11:-1tr11ct a eo 1Tr•et outli ne' ,
for np01 1 the nui ty a.m1 rn e tliotl of t li n o nlli111 ) 1lP]lt'lltl
th e unity an<l rn e tli0tl o f th o cs8:1y . Bnt in w ri t i11 g
the e s sn.y, the pnp il may cl1a11 ge l1is o utlin e Lu ndmit
more r eec nt id e as.

~pok! · ii

rl

arn

.t
11
: ""l'I <' 111n · r~ . It
1111 t <• Il l' 11f j 111 •,.; 1, .. ••1

DIHECTIO:\S F O i~ .\IAK T1'C: OuTL I NES.

1. T h e !livis ion s <,f Ll1 n tl 1rrnrn sho1il1l in th e mscl\"es
Le :rnfl-ic. i•· 11 t to g i vo :1 elt•:• r itlt>a .,f t11 e essay.

fi,'SS ..1

2. Oue m:iin diYi s ion slioultl uot i11 clnt1 0 auy part
of anotliP r ma iu d i \·isi o n.

II. D o nws f ic I l<l l'scs.
(a) llow lra.inrd.

(/J) Ho w ca red fo r.

3. As n. rnl e, tlto maiu <1ivi s ious 8l10111Ll b e n early
equal iu importn. neP , nutl a lmnt tl1 0 snm e tinie s l10uld

b e g i n~ n to the <li sc nss iou of o uc a:; of nuotli e r.
4 . \\" lieu practicable , th o mniu lie:t<1s i;J1ou ld Le
a n n.ngod s o as to form a <' lirn:i.x.

If th o s nhjPd is \'<'l'.Y si 111 pl e, ma in d iv isions aro all
tlrat is 11ccessn ry iu th e untliue. If th e :s ubje ct i:s 1wt
s i111 pl ri, tli c ro sli o nl tl lJo srilJ-<li\'isions llll tk r som e or
all of tlr o main tli\'is ions, a 11(l tl ie sc 1:rnli-<l i\'i s iuu::;
8l1011l1l follow th o snme rnle>i in r i>s pcet to t ir e 11 111111
l1 eat1 urru e r wl1il'l1 tl1oy co me, :tfl tho m a in lte:td::; tlo iu
r Pspect to tl 1c tlr c mo.
'rl1ese <1in:dio11s

\rill li e <'a sily n111l1 ·rsl1)()(1

fr 1J111

a

carnfnl sti1.Jy of tho 0 11 tl i11 cs, i11t rudnctio ns, au1l couclnsions wl1id1 fullow. Bl'fore i11 akiug a u o ntlin e for
ltirnsolf, lot tli o pnpil cl1 oosp 0 11 0 of tl1 e give n o u t lines,
ll.llU wri t e th o CSS:L} as i11di <.:: Lt. ' iJ, lH' i11g <'iLl'Ofn[ llot to
p ut nn ytli in g in tlr e 1•ssity wlii c li does uot co 111 e uud er
on e of th e gi \·eu h eads.

14G

r. WRI T / NU .

EXUL!Sll C0 .1f/'OSfJ'ION BY l'HA CTJCE.

...

\ ' lll C ll f S f o l' ll n1><es.
JT I. Yan.11 us r n1p l"J

] V . Pt ·c ul iar traits of H o rses.

"' () n1 e h is tnri1: H nrs1·s.
. If \
' · .u
. I ee n ma11 , s cons 1a iii :rnd fa ll 1 11
1
Co i/('l 11sin11. 'I he h o rse ias '
I ·m i n n ·t urn is hill
I 't ll \\' C IJ(•sfn \\' 11pc. 11 II
r
sun ·ant. Tl1 n !11\· u \\'II.
T . t l • hor'<J ,,.,. 011" ' 111:111y ill'lils "
11is fitting an d j ust. l'l :\\'ard.
•)l .. ' ~· l' t o r•a y f\i (' lll liy ki 11d '"'"
grat it ntl c. :-..·11' 111 Il l \l'u not cm i , l\ u
''

·

( 1 n~sc 1tn•rt vr,

F:-<~A Y.)

.
I ' !l ow
hli• among th <' Bt•rksli1 re Ii i\ s.
f
I11 l ruil11,.l1on. A i. 1111 ,
:
. 1· . ·I i11 tliu \ '\' l'I' 1,..:1rt "
.. t
w h o has ah\ay s I H•
. .
.
. .
1.
mu ch t m ca 11s o nn c
f
. . r wi th tli(' ir \\'J lik"t li :1 11111"
.
·J11 1 i 1·L· «rown amt 11a
f
· ",.,
th u Bt·rk slii rt·s, "
• ti ey h'L\'C lJcco m e a part "
1
1
,
1
lo
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th
e
m
unt1
'
1
and h as learnuu "
v
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hi s l i fu l

1.
11.
111.

\)1 •sl'ripti1111 of f\J('

lll tll'll ill g .

~ ta r li11).( o11 1111' ra111."l c.
.\ rn :lllltl'act 11ri11:-: ,·Jil:i ge.
'

I V. Tlt u \\' ei:pi 11g ]{o(' k s.
V . !J o \\'ll tho 111 ou11 tain.

v r.

llom cw:ml.

ST. FilANCIS OF ASSI S I .

ll ORSES .

h a l'li rendered man ~int'<' the creation of thu 11·orJa..

I. Wil d llorses.
(fl) \\'!t en• 1'01111 d .
(0) 11.. 11· ear•t lll'ctl.

I

'i

g (' 11tl1i tr1 •atrn c ut ?
ILLS
·
A RA.MDLE AMONG T HE BERKSHIRE H

No form a l cn nr·lusi on.

Inf ru1/111 ·ti1J11. 1f•m;i·s ha \'" :illl'ay,; lw ld a promin ent place in
t lte histo r y and n1 i11d .'i o f 111 cn . \\' hen w e co nsid er how d 1•1w11d cnt man has hcc 11 1q11n1 tl H·m unt il th (• d i~co v1·ry o f st ealll i11 the
la~t ccnt 11 ry, \l'P ca 11 form so 111 e i d1•a of the aid a11 d service they

·:

.l,,

No fi.rm :d in trncl11 cl io11 .
1. Hirth a111 l t•:1 rl y !if..:'.
11 . l 111p ri sn n1111 •11 t an<lf sick ness.
111. Tl1 c r:ris is uf l1 is ! 1 c.

1V. llis ).(l'l ::t t wo r k.
v. Hi s di sciples.
V1. !Ti s ch :irac tc r.
V II. lli s d eath .

No form id co nolu8iun.

11
I
I

1-lli

!·.~\'(,' l.J:SJI C:OJll 'USJ J'/ 0 1\ '

J.'l' l'N : l f "J'/l 'h'.

DOGS.

THE SKY.

I11!rud11 !'/io 11 . T l1e d<w li11 l( / · .
,-..,
·' .L p I ' I ('(' in . I J
.
ti w ai I ceti1111.' of lll l'll
•t
' ·
,lJ ,
1ter:i t11n· anti
1
.
.
.c Jh ''"1"11J.. r In" II t l
'

(A DESCHIPTIVE ESSA Y. )

pre-e 111 111 .,111 ·" o1·1·r aln1<lst. ·JI I , .
. ·' iu l'l'.t.,un., f<lr ifs
l
.
.
.I
ol "J do111('s f le ;t11i1n ·tl s
· .\;1l11 ral 111 ll'll io:'Cll L't' uf 1hu !>iii.'.
\' · ·
11. 11., / )11 <·. iliii·. . :\ ll (;l'( I<>ll'.
.,
• .11ccdutu.
.
llL /1.-: F;i i1l 1fri l 11 , ..,,. _, 111 .,.d,,i,.
( u11d11s11111 . \\' e , ,.,. fn 1111 II . . I
..
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. .
lh t ""Iii!· do" ] JO " "
I
( 1.l1ael 1·r1 :-.!1 t· s 1nir· . d · .. . .
t'-o
:"!:"If ~:-; i ·s I JC rn aln
·. . .
" 11111'' '" IJJ1111 :111 h .· " .
1.11 1lit11l11!•ss wl1i 1·l1 du " s " / ·1 ·
. t 111,.,,. Al10\' e all, li l!J
.
..... L x " "L lo s•1 l11 "l1 'L I .. ,
.
<ilia I ilj' 11·t· dc111· 111d
f . I
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" ' 'L,...rce 1.-; 1lu.: 0111 •
.
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II
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lll/11;111 11·11• 11(1 . I 11 I1
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1·11 111 it' I he dn" lo 11 1 , ..
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' .till
· .1' sl1111ild ii Jilll
.l '·1111(' Jl• ISl / ll)fl l
Tl
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.
111·01·1·d l1i1n s1·lf i111 11 1111(·1·.·1l1I(•
·.
H ' lr1.·11d o f '"""ill' l1;1s
f i 11u ·s : l 111 l II 111
i·dg,., Iii .-; ri glll 111 1lial till,•.
'
"
" \\'urld a <.:1·: 11011'1
ROBIN REDBREAST.
./11lrrul111·/i(I //_

.. .S .L:'l'('(;f(',/ \l'i[IJ 'o • f . .
· 'l'/i p H»l1i11 i·.
' .t I I\«,\
k ill) \\' 1li;1 [ \l' illi 111111 (;fl llli 'S ' fll'ill"
\ 111 I 1l
.I ) ' (ll \I C
01 l11· r l'!'a.-:< >11,;
\\" 1. 1-1
.- - ·
"' 11 ll' t_; all l•11·e lii111 fur
llflf. I lit' l"olii11 · ·I1 11
'·
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ll:tl•1·:; i11 !li e \\' o I ., \ l
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' '' '' c 1·(· r.-d "I' 1111· po.,r
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"'l,111 and JL'llll,I' 11·r,·n,. ?

l.
l I.
l II.

do

II' •! llUL

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·iii k11 11·
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pi1y '· Cud;

Tl "' "i'/'(', ir.111(·1• nf I hi · I ' I
11 11
"J 111 · "' "'t.
. and ( ',!!g.-; of 1l1 l''" 1:<>1Ji11.
l l: 1lii 1s of Iii« l«ilJill.
( u ) l I is a rr i ,-:ii.
(/1! II is dt•j 1ar111 ru.
1
( ·)
11 is f<1 •1d.
l i'. T iil' st11 1·,· of s11111e P. l - Co11d11siu 11. T1 11 . H 1 ; "'Jill .' "" li:i.\'l' seen.
.
U hll IS tl l }(l of Il l/I'
..
('111111 •s l':1rl 1· ·u111 -:/·1 1·. I t
lll•'·' I ('11 11 1111 11 11 lJirds
Tl o
··
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' ' · ' " ' ', a11d l'i1·111 .. rs . '""·'a
ll.
'rt
a·11
I l11· i· l1;11·11 1i11g li111, . ,..,'" '1111 I ·1II,.Il l 11.-JI 'd .1111'- ,,... .rf111ay
I
.
( I l'jl:l (' flJ j' (•, l :il\\':t\':; f "i [ I ,/
• ,( \' ll'; IJ.-;f ('() :t t f: lkf:'s liiS
. · · ce
I.l e a j)l' J'S(Jl l' I !' 111
.· 11 l I
·
f u r tlie win f.t'I'. "
· "
· t 1:1s •• gorH· ~ou 1 li

147

Jt:88A 1" WJUT!NO.

T11trollu ction. All hough th e sky i~ 11at. un ·'s rn o;;t b1•a11I if11l wo rk,
it. is th e lt-ast ohse n ed of all h<'r lJl':t lllil's . H11ski11 say s, "lt. is;\
t.l1i11g ll'hi,·h tl1 e anw·ls \1·ork out for us daily, a 11d _l't·I ,-ary etl'l'll:Liiy ;" ;t1 1d lo prn \'l! 1111' 1r111li .. r 1l1i s sla l1 ·11 1(· J1I . 111' dl':;c r ilJ<·R
\\'ilh .L:'l'l'a L \'i,·idtH·ss ,_l;i1·s ll'l111s1· IJl': illl,I' s.•1·111s al111w;t i111pnssil•l••.
F rom n•adi 11 g t lt• 'St' d1·"· 1·i1·1 i1o1 1s I ll'as kd to 1r11 tt'l1 1li u clian).!ing
lu.; a\'L'll:i, a nd 11 o w gi \"t' 1!1 1.: l't· . . . u l l~ n!' 111y obst J'\ ;11 i11 11 s.
l . '1' 111; <'ilsl l't 'll "".\' i>ufo re si111risc.
11. Tl11· '"''"\1·r11 sky l1dorc s1111ri st"
ll I. '!'lit· risi11g of 1li e sun .
I\'. Tli.- s•·l I i11g of t li e sun .
V. Tl"' 11···st('f'n s k.v aft e r ~ llll S('t.
\ ' I Tl"· ~ky ;ti llight.
C r>111'!11si1111.
,\ J'l1·r Sl'e i11 g a ll th ese glo ri P:s of tlH• sk !'. l s:1:·
with Hu :s ki11 , " t l1 1· r u is 11t1l a m <1 m e11t of :tlly day <1f ou r li \'l's
\l'h<:n J1alur1: is 110L prndJ1<•iJ1g st<·no a fte r n ·(·Jtt'. l' i1·111n· a fl<·r
p ic t 11 r P, gl"ry a fl <'l' glory, a li d \1·ork ill).: st i11 \lj'o l 1 ~111·! 1 ('X'J 11 i, i t c
atJ<l cll 11 s laut prill(:ipks of tl1 u mos t pnf1 ·ct IH':111ty , t li:1t i• is
q11it 1· c1·rtaiu it. is all d1 1nc for u s, and iJ1tc1Hkd fo r 011r pe r petual
p leasu re."
1

THE VALUE OF CRITICISM.

At ti 1111 •R we arc ;ill mo re 0 1· l1·ss irH·lill cd lo
q u1 ·sl ion th e n·;.I Ya l ue nf c ri I icirn 1. (Jn th is s 1il 1jl'Cl 1n ·i ll ).: sa ys,
" I d111il it ,,·]1 ('1 l1 er t•i i lll'r readei· o r II' ri t er i ~ IJell\:li ll'd IJy n i1i(·isn1, eo 111rn o nly so eallt-11. " \\' hen wu rdlioct. Jio,,- i1111ch 11 nj11,l
<: ri licism is w r itt e n and Jinw 111 uc h liarni it, l1as d(llllJ se11siti\'e
author.-; :u1d d1·p•'lHknt . r<•;1 <k rs 1 \\' U aru really to own til"L ll'\'i11g
]J ,~~ :st rong foundal io11s fo r his d1Htl1ts.
1. (A) J\ in d ,; of c riti c is m u ul o( rnluc.
(11) Of illfe ri o r nili<·s.
~ /1) ()f 1•rnjudiccd e ri ti cs.
(e) Of li u rri ed c ri tic~ .
I11tr1,rf11 .,/ i" "·

~

JJ,'XU /, / Sf! C()Jf f'1),°'J'i'J01" 1·,, J'

·

'

(1)) l:il'««is of 1111 j 11 st
(a)

l'H.·1G'1'JCJJ;.

0 11 tlie a111hor.

SUilJECTS Fon E S::\AYS.

(b) 011 tlie r eader.

11. .lu.-<t eri t icism oi \":d u e.
(11) To ;1111 lior;;_
(I>) To r ea d e rs .

MY FAVORITE .NOVEL.
("Sil.AS MAllN EJt. ")

f ~ 1· /· . ~
0
tl' n •st frolll l/i(• f:id tl i· 1 . 1· . .' '.'~ , fanif'r d C' ri,·es ils cl1i ef in.. 1
·
o1 . J J.,,t / 11 ~ 1r 1 rr nf t/·)
1e 111 ma11 h eart. It ·
s 101r s ho\\' the ;if)' ·c:1·, ... 1 . .
·
l
..
' 'ills" 11 a 1 .~ see k s11111l'll1i1 ,
.
iow, m 1./11• ah.~ 1 · 11cc nf !1111111111.i 10
. . l.
ig to cling to. and
.1
.inc snn 1>·11l 1 · ti
I11/rod // d io 11 .

T / 1., slo n·

°

:inu n neo11scio11sirt winp ti ,
)·
·
· .\ , 1uygra<lualiy
•I . l I
.
.
iun sc ,, .,, ;d1r1111 ih 0• [
·1·
" lit· 1 JI :1y :;u i111porh 11 t ·i . ·t ·
n1Jn rnr objects
•
• 11" 1 111 CYCrr -d:1y life.
1. ~ilas

M:1rn 0 1· ',, 1·01 1th

;,:it

(a) ll is t«111ficli11;.;
111 .l'
tlJ) Ii i.-; s11trcri 11 g.s .
·
(c.:) l!i .,l11ssof f;i ifh .

II. His lm 1<·lr life at H:1.1·<·lo1·
(a) llis rr •l :ilio11 .-; 11·il/1 11·,..
. 11
{J
.
:'I lll'lg" J H>t","\ .
() 111.s :ill:il'11111(•11is I ii
.
.
·
"
H' SJ 1J1pl e olriecl . . b
.
(r:) 11 1:; 111 0 11l'.)' and its loss.
. s " out luru.

III.

1-4D

1C:ii:3AY- l\'JU'J'JA U.

crit icism.

Tli r. rN 11rn of fi :' l'f'illC'ss.
(fl) 'l'li e cl1 ild Eppie .
(b) 11 is lore for li e r.
(c) Her dc1·o tio 11 to hirn.

<'i111··!11sion. Th e kPn1otp f
.
afTtTlit1 11 111 t•i«l " lft• ·11 j.
foj t h r 11Jir1lf' Slo r v is th e jlOWCr Of
.
• " e llll <• ' t' 1111! "11ar:i('l1• r.

1.. Th e Life of a Merchant aml tliat of a Sailor contras ted.
2. An AJ1-. nturc wilh a Dog.

3. Th e 1Talll1k 1·r<:l 1i cf.
4. A Look i11tu the nexl Century.
5. Bi rt ht lays.
6. An ltl cal S11n1mcr Day.
7. The Wat.1.; ring-placcs of the Unil c<l States before th e Wnr of
1812.

8. "Jn an old h o 11 ~r , a my ~ tr.rious knm·ki ng 111i gl1t 11c hr!ard
011 t-. he ll'all, 1r hc rn li;1 1l fo rm erly JJep n a tl oo rwny, now IJrick ed
up."- llAIYTJt OllNF.," Am e ri can No te- Hoo ks."

9. J ol111 Hnll'a rtl P ;1yn c.
10. Th u Effect if tl1c E art h rotated fro m East t o West.
11. A11 l d eal Winter Day.
12. Fe~ ti na Lente (1 lastrn t'l m,· Jy).
13. "A fair.v tal n :1hn11 t l'h:1si11g i:: .. 11 0 to ht>r l1idi ng .. place. "lTAWT!l OnNE, " A rn c ri«a11 Nnt <' -Hook s . ''
14. "Hail Col u111hia,"' "Th e S1iH-S pru1glc<1 Ba1111 c r, " "The
Red, Whit e. tLncl Il1 11L'.'' etc. (Tl11" 11t: l'a .'> i1111s that s11 gg1"SIC'tl thl'rn,
aud th e circu m s t a n(·rs nntl!'r wl1i l: h til l')' we re co mposed.
15. CrazPs. (G i 1·(' cx: unpl cs.)
Hi. 0 ll f'SS · \\' Ol'k.
17. Writ n an r~say sl1 owi11 g t.lw imagina ry r C's nlt ~ s hou ld lh o
sun be <l a r kc 1wd fo r t h rr 1• m o n t hs. bPgin n ing ;1t th o fir st nf J1111 e.
18. Tht.! ant lwr of " Loi>-li1,.!Jy-1.h e· F in·." 8nme nf h e r otl1c r
stori es.
1!l. Local J\ t tachm cnt ;;.
20. Isaac Sear~ . ( Li1· c<l in l1 1e p('riocl of ou r Revolntion. "His
em inent sc n ·icPs ha ,·e bC'en oYe rl ou knl. " 1
21. Gam es. Of what use arc t.}l(•y ? Do th ey d e Yelop any of
th e mind's power s .,

22. Th e J{otnn <l ity of th e
time.

J~ arth - prnofs

bt>fore Columbus's

. .'··.

mo

!CNU/, /81! CO.l!J 'OSI J'IUN HY 1'1UI CTICH.

2:J . \\' Lat l purpose to do wil h th e Firs t II 1rnd red Du liars [
gi•t.
:.'·L Do ll'l~ Ap1•r•·ei:i t0. th o A g!' i11 ll'lii<oli "°"I ii'<· ?
2:>. Hnn d:-\. Th l'ir i 11flu e11c1.·=-- u1 10 11 I lit! pr"grl'ss of civilization.
~ fl . • Ja ck-al-all -I ra<l t•s and l\la s l«r uf 111i1w.
2 7. '' :\11 o ld L ouk ing - g-la :-:~ . ~1 J 1 11e l 111dy fi11ds out th o sct· rt·f. of
makinc:; all 1l1 u i 11 1 :tgl' ~ that lia1·u l>t'l'll r1·lk cll'd i 11 it pass hack

H,C:: li1 1 a1T1•ss ils ii llrfaee. "-- ITAWTll1J!l\1.:'s .\1 11 ,. r iean Note -B1Juks.
( /1,, 11uf tf1l'l !I 'I I/IOI/ //, (' jl/'CJh'SS /,!/ 11 1 1i.-/1 f/11 ·s(' itllll!Jl 'S 11re
l1n 1"!Jltl 011/. (//ir/i • un'r ll1is 11.11 s 1Jll1t J !J l' ll11·1J/ ur l1n1ud :staten1t'11 t
//fl(/ 1/.-.,·1·ril•1' riri·lly 111<' itll U!Jl'S tl111/ ' "'·'-" /1(1.-1.- U!)<1i11. )
'
:!i:> . l 11dia. lb \\'0 11 der l'1il l'i:o1il1•. ]1.-; "Id eil'ili1.a1ion .
:! !J. 'l\ro (; ran·.-; al :'t. fk le na . .'\apoleo1J 's and Mrs. J11d so 1J's.

Co111 r:1 s l of I li e l in~s of th est' p1 •rso11 s.
:io. " .-"' i"'""" n nr f:1m il y long- fksire;; so m n p:irti f·u lar good.
11 I b st 11 <·n1111•s i11 ~ 1 1< ·'1 prof11 si1)J J as to lw t 11" gn ·at pe:-; t, of the ii
li1'<· ~ . · · - 11All" l'1tnn :-> 1-: ·~ ,\ 111eri ean N1H e- llo ok~ .
ill. Tl 1e l,asl ll• H1k I He:1<l.
:J'..). Tl1" Isl and uf' :-'u1To 11·s. (T rl'hnd, its hi tito r y a nd th e struggle it ha:-; 111:1 il1• lor ;;elf-go1·crmn u11t. )
;j:l. Cod a11cl .\111l'r iea.
:i-1. Hry:111t. l'ol'I a nd 1'11hlicist.
3!i. \\'hat a \\' tJlldl'i' ;i, Book is.
:!Ii. llr1 ·a d.
:i 7. Geor·go s 1.. pl!\'IJSl/l l. (fl onl'sty a nd DrtN111i11a1ion.)
:1~. T» tilt' ·; \or1li 11·ard.
(Th e efforts that har e been made to
n·a (' li th e Nn r t h l 'ok.)
3!). Tl 1n ll 11d ."Oll in Lill'rature.
40. !:;1>n11 • Cr1 ·;1t ll is !1) ri L:al Loealitl'.
41. Tl11; J-'if1<•p11tli Cc11t111T
•
.('..)_ Tl11: Ti1 is1 ~ l o( 1]J,. 1\ ge·.
'J:l. Till ~ A r:il1 ian .;, 11i,, l'reserl' crs of Sci ence in th e Dark Ages.
4-L S"co nd Tl 1n11glits.
4!i_ Th n J~xti: 11 siun , d11ri11 i.; a 1«' nt11ry pas t , of th e 11 ;;e of t!to
E 11 '., li.- li Lan g1 1ai;c. (l 11di;1, l'11i l"d Stalt ·..;, \\' 1•:-;t J 11 tlit's, etc.)

lfd

1!.:S8A 1"- \VH11'1NU.
46 . The IT omt' of Sn11H; Ge niu s.

47. A (;rea t 11nc 11 tor.
48. !low Spoo n s ca n1 e ((} h e m:Hle.

(

rr 111a/.N i ul

g riin e1l /,!J r ea.tl i1t !J, 1Nile an i111uui11<1lioe essa !J.

ra 11111.t lie

::>uy!/t'S/iu11s:

/ 'ai m rtf' t !t e !t a 11<l , /.hill S!1dls, awl so Oil.)
•1\J. Wa s it the Lad y or th e Tige r ? ( U eu!l l!fl'. Fnmk I I'. 8/ w k l on's s/1orl stor!J, "'l'he Lady or lit e 'l'i ver ?" a111l 1c il/1 u11 ,,/111'!'
st111 l e11t w r ite a d ebat e u7101l the qne1;tivn.)
:in. Th e 11 mlson i 11 I Iisl or y.
fJ\. Charlotte C1 1shman.
!i 2. Janirs T. Fi elds m1<l his Literary Friends.
5J . Doctors.
54. Wh en were Plates fi rs t u sed in Europe ? (Trace tbei~
ori)!in to the East.)
:,5, P reeio ns Stones. (Where founcl 1 1-1011· cnt? H ow Get~
W hat. 1l ifl'e rent stones signify.)
56. Jl cn r y l\L St.anlt>y .
GI. Dr. S:unu el .J oh nson's Ecce nlri eities a111l Odd iti es. (See
Doswell';;'' Life of John son " o r Les lie Stcpl1en's" Li fe of Johnson. '')
58. Wh en did Forks co me in to Use 1 ( \\'as th eir use at first
limi ted i 11 any 1\' :Ly ?)
59. "The Ho1111d -H11h i11 ."

( Wl1at is a [{ound -lVJbi n ? \Yhat
n sc is mad e of 1 his fo rm 'I Ts ils nse hono ra lJl e ? :::le<: cut of 0JJC
in Ifoswe.Jl's " Li fe of Jo hn son .")
Jl ow Ladi es drrssed Forty Years Ago.
A 11s11·N ing Letters.
62. Bores.
63. Bu,;y-hodies.
64. AdYertisP mcnts .
6:>. Wh at are Books good for 1
66. Grea t W om on.
67. Tlw P1~rversily of Inanim;it0. ObjPct:<.
llo11 ,;ekeeping n ow aud ho11 sckeop i11g in the early part of

J .-1:2

Kt1·r: us11 crn!J•us tnr;N J; r

/'iU l TtcH.

!l !l. \"i 1·11·..; fr,>111 Ill.\· H<•ilroo m \l" i11d o11·
, , , \ i·t is l.011~ a11 d Ti11w is FltTI in ;,.,

:-11.

'11 .

< >111

-uf-dunr S;>n rt s for Girb.

7::. "Tlrt•nglt ts tl 1a t Brcatlic ," ll tl
1•

~ · arn j dt•.-.; . )

7:~ .
'l·I.
'"·
7(i.

"

o·
ir

"nnls that B urn ."

(Gi"ve

'f'li l' Ot·c 11p:uit :-; of .M r D ('sk

"De:1d Trel's Lo \·c 1i 11 • Fin·· " - T
. ,
Tl 'j' . I
.
II 0 HtAL.
11· i·1a s o f a L1 •1l1 ·r-!"arri1·1·.
A Co 111pariso n of fli t: l"li:ir;ieli·rs < f "\[ .. •.
,.
.
'· Lcg-011< ! or R ip Yan \\'inki.... . I ) : IS. \ .111"111U1 · rn the
111
1
"I .f',!.;<'11< l of l ltt• M1101"s LP·•·1(·t· .. 1'. . .' ." Mr..; . f'pr· P"1·il
. tl ie
,...
Ill
1\ rng :s " All1an1br·1"
~~
.~ · · '
1 1
'·
· A llh11 wlrn lratl a lf oblJy.
7 .~ . H f·I ics of Seho ol Da \'~.

7fl. \l'li a L ,\ Jnia nnt::; ar~ UooJ l:'u r
'10. Silent People.
·

CHAPTER X.

co l\Il\f 0 N Elmo HS.
THE follo wiu g arn :;orne of t.l 1e rul•·t-> w11i c.h nre J'r0qucutl)' violated iu writiug all<l spP:Lking. Co 1TPd
t 110 exa mpl e s nnLl e r eac h rul e, giving fully tlie n·asuu
for e a cl1 correctio 11.

r

~ -~

i.P... .
'

c

f''

l

·;
TllE AHTI CLE.

I. T l1 c~ ;-.rticlfl is l1Sl\ tl li0forn f\; 1.C'.11 o f s<·n•.r: Ll <'X]' l' CS ·
sin us in tl1 c samo c.011str ndio11 wlii cl1 n·for tu pp r,.; ou,.;
or t l1in g,.; to be r cgan1 c d scparntely.
l. Th nt. wiy :ige mark nw l1nth a rnil or a111l llll' r<·l1a11t.
IL i ~ the ri ght a11rf <l 11ty 11 f L'H'I')' 111c 111 lJn 11f tlriH
80C iPt.y to ~f'C that. tlw Hnh·s of Onkr are dul y ulJ ~ < · ncd .
:1. \\' h i1·h cxert isL·s th1· ~t rongcst int111L'll l'C 011 thL· lilPrals
of a pc o1 1ll!. t lw p11lp it-. p rc·ss. or s« hool ~
-L It. is hut. l'allt that 1r1 11 1ltl n'prcsc nt tli1· trll·rclrant a11J
lJ;rnk er a ~ tJj ,jntL• r c~tcdly Luil i11 g fo r 111 a11ki11 d.
;,_ The o fliCl'l'S or this J\tiso<" iat iuu ~hall f'Omist of a
l 'r P~ id c nt , :-;ccretary. :1 11 d 'l 'reasurer.
ti. l f hL' is a sw itd rn1 ;111 ur c· ngin l'er and i ~ slu1r in attunuing to h i,; d t1h·. lie 111:1 y rn use irn·para ule Jarnugc·.
~-

1[;3

i\:

J~'NU/,/SJJ 1·11 .!ff'l)S!'J'! () .Y Ji)' l'ic.·I ( 'T/Ch'.

1 •

C<J ,)f ,\l(JN lt'IUWU."-

.\I ).f Et 'Tl \' J·: s.

TTT. \\' ]w 11 t]i(> snpnrlatin~ 111•gr<' •' of tl11• :1f1jP1 ·. li\1 '. i'~
nsod , tlw thing co1 1q1are1l 11111st l.o i11<·.111l1,"l 111 t!11:
dass with ll'Jii,·lt it is eu 11qi:n1•11.

-11J U aL1j edi1·L~ 'i 1/1/s aud tlial , au1l ll1l'ir 1Jl ural ,.;, these
:11111 ll//).w', i'il1011!11 agrnc in 11n111lmr ll'it.ii the 11on ui-; tJiey
11!!alify.

l. Wlii cli talih· is 1i1e1•n:Ui1·,;i, Lllt'oak 11r1l1l· 11 1;1 l1< •.:.::11'.\
'.! . :-liher i ~ a butter co 11 cl11i'for ,,j· el1:1:tr i1·it_v tlt:111 :111_1

J. 'l'J1esc sort· <11' fl o ll'e rs are* nr.t worth c·1tlt i1·at in g .
'' J <Jo ll11 f C';tl'(' fo r (]l(1"l! ki11rJ or app)l'S.
'. i. '.J'li L· d" <'r" 11·,·n · 111/'kl'd: J,v I )w,e 111 P:111.-< IH· '.rn ." d1•1t·1Tl'il
frol11

mcbJ.

Tht·s1· ki11d a re*

:,. 'l' lt 11SL' , ,.t of i11 strn1111·1it s l' alll e Ja,L 11 igl11 . din·d
1111• Ln11d1111_ 11 1ake r.

.

· r•·111:1r ]' " i· }"" r"r: lll lJ ll HH.t ' f t)ri·i · \\'t·n' ll<>L .\[r. Hn 1\\'ll"
fu l t li;m t lie re 1nark ::: ul all i !1c ·"'l" ·:ik•·n' ".
-1 .•\lar tlw i ~ tlil' y<111ngl·..;t 11t' tiJ,, l\111 ..,1,,tn-.;. _
: 1• J
\l'W YCJ r k is la rger 111:111 any C'ity in :\1m•n(':t.
(). 'l'ci-tla i· is l\' :Ll'lllL'I' tl1a11 any cl:iy t li11s f:11· t !ti-.; -.; 11111111 1·r.
~· . Tile y~yage waH Lile ro1 1g li (•st I c\'t· r 111ad1· lid"r'"
:1,

fuilillin.~ Iii .... i t.~Tl 't 'flll: 1d.

-1. \\'lii 1·!t k ind or l111Ltll•s do you wish?
f!'O"d l'll O ll ).;-it.

•

_J,1,j

f'ru1 11

K11ti1·e u1 rd11lly t li 1•sc: Sf'Jttf'u1·1•s, ll')1il'i1 are co rrect:
l•\·t\-li 111 1• t h:1t t\l'o - l'oo t nill'.

(j .

·~ . '1'11 1: 1·11111111i ss i11111·r." l1an· d1Ti1/t-d f11 !av 1111 L a tl1n·erod r11:id.

· 11eirn t.\'< 1 1'11 tl1t• si11 !...'llhr
I . The p o s sess!· H 1 l':tsn 1s
·'
:intl al~m ill th e plnral , uxc 1·pL i11 pl11r:tl 1111111 1s 1•111li11g
in s, h y a11.1ing the apostrnpl 10 :u11l thn ldt(·r s .
IT. i)Iural nouns e mli11 g in s m11 l o ll l.)' tl11•. ap"s-

:-\. \\' ill Y1111 l,•11d 111 e t his l11111dn·il-fuo t f;q)('-li11e !'
CO.\! P :\.IU :::iO~:::i.

tropl1 e.

J. Tlw 1·0111 par:tf.i 1·p tl"grcr of Ll 10 1u1j .. <'tin) is 11 srt1

Ex.\~ll'LE:

\\']1nu 011!.1· bl'o tl1i11 gs arc C.: •lllljl:il'Pd; t1111 s 11 pP rl aLiYe,
wltc11 lll1 Jrn tlia.11 t.1\' 11 things arc 1·nn1pa r ut1.

III. 'r l1t\ll

I T. J n 1·n111pari11g •>t ie tl1i11g \\·itl1 tl1e r<•st o;· Llic
(·hss (.11 11 l1i<'li it lwl•11 1g s , 110 •·ard11I , wl11·1 1 11si11g i,11.;
1·1J11 11>a1·ati\'t' il<'gl'<'<' f)f t.111 a.l j(• t'(j ,·p, 1111!; L11 i11l' l11d 1! th e
t.l 1i11 g i11 t l11· 1·las..; ll'itli wl1 i1 ·l1 it is 1·u11 1pa r1•d. 'J'l1i .-i
"J 11:L1· lH , a1·ui.J"il l.y il11 ~ llS< ) of utlw1· or all 1,q11i l' ale 11 t
\\' 1 >I'd.
1

Tl"' Nvw Ynl' k

I

S!atu Te:1 1; hl'r,;'

.\ ,;,;.1,.ial

t\\'O o r 1n or e nonus li111il ing

i1111.
il11 '

~:l.1~1 1 •

··es·"·inll t tl11 • si
" ll 1,/
Jl <>llll l· il t1·lt':L t (\ CO lllnlf>ll 1)< )SS
'
,.-,
poss r. ssiv e is 1Llltle1l only to the la:-;t 1101111.
EXA~11 ·1.1-: :

l 11t·

ll:ill :t11d B··rg"11' ,; l'l1y ,;i<·s.

IV. Bnt wlil'll th e !imiti 11 g n o uus in1li .. :1L1· s<'J>: ir:i: .·

·
tl I ll\ '"~ i M' ll of U ·1P· JH>s;--;1· .""' ;..; i \·1· i."
ur -i11tli\·i1 l n:L ] poss0.ss1011,
a1l11< ~ 11 to <':tt :l1 11 01111 .
I·.. .\ _ l~ll'U: : \. l.·tr.\-',;, ] [,. 11 r.\··s, ;t1 11 l J,,J111'" rq Ju rts art· 110[. y1· t
lll :uk UllL.

Hi8

li:NU USJ{ ['rJ.l f /•1181'l'fl)N /l l' !'HA l ''l'f('h'.

r:O.lf;lfUN JCHJWH8.

t.1 1<: 11n111 cni 11 ,; :111d Jiran! if11l l1a ll .-; a11d rno111 ,; of t hn lrnildi11g i11q1n•,;,; UllL' 11·it h <lll id ea uf the JJ1ag11ili Ce JH:e Of t hat
a11 c ie11 t pi k·.
tl. Till' odo r ul' t he rose,; re frl',; h t h o se nse•.
q. A t \\'hat h o ur docs the sc n ·i,'l' ·· l.Jcg in?
10. Thi: two 1·ari dies of t riangll's are alway ~ s imilar, no
rna tte r 11·lia L tlw size ul' th" t.riangll·s arl'.
1 I. A ro11· ol' :;harpl' lll'tl ~takL'>', ur palisad es, d c fc11d the
bu ilding.
I:!. lt is an ;1 rtic:lc whi,·h 11·ill ph·asl· th e in tell igent
pal !'lJllS Yo11 r fin11 cr<·ry1rlien· st•r· 11n·.
I ;1, y ()ii ask Jill', .. \\' hat. ll('ll'S?.. r rq1l y, .. Th ere arc
11<> n uw". i\rH·r ll' l'l'i ' affair,;"" <p1 il' t. h1·n""
l-L 1Ii s t ak11 L \\'a s r:il11a ld(: 011l y 1111d l'r that "J •l·c ial co nj111wl11ru <•[ ci n·11111,;l:1 1JC'l'S 1r ltirli 111J lo11gl'I' t·xi,;l.
Li . ;\L·il !i('J' t Ii(' L1 tl 1l'J' Ji(IJ' (•it iil'r ur 11is twu iilJllS are
1wrn1it ll·il to 1·11l1•r till' ]'l'L'lllisc,;.
Iii . \\'111 ·11 I 1·alll•d , .n111 ll'a,-; 011 llll• opp11s ill' side u( tlie
sl r1 •1·I .
1·;·. Evc:ry <>Ill• ol' ll:<·"e ]>:11: kng1•,; an• addr1·s,;1 ·d Lo l1im.
lti. :\11 l'1t g i11cl·r wi t h a 111111il )(' r "r a,; ~ i s La11ls were eng ng(·d I u "il l'l'l'.\' 1lt l· I ra d .
l !I. 'l'hL· sistl'r :i s well ;1 ::; ll1e brot her t lti11k Ura l the
propl·r ty slllluld he sold.
;!() . I d id 11111 nlis(•l'\'1• ll' l1dh 1·r <·ithPr of th ('lll 11·1·rn Uwre.
:~ !. 1':1wl 1 ,if lhl' sp1·:1kn,; l1a\'t~ di,-1i11g11islH·d lhn111srhes.
..., lt d1>11'L 111a ttl·r 11rn1·l 1 wh C'tl 11·r 1·ou g" to-day ur to111 01Tow.

of lrnt in t l1 e vlnr;tJ \1·l1l)ll tlw /11Jividwi/ '[lf' i'Sll //S lll'
th:·nys "f th e coll edion am tl1onglit ul':
Iu cadi of tho fulll>wi11g llnter11111w wlietlwr tl11\
singular or the plural n~ rb ,;\t onl <l Le u,;e <l:

('OLLl·:(' Tl\'

J·: !\< >Ul\ :-;_

11' t.l1e snl >j •·..t is :L <'1)ll1·L·t.i1·(\ 11<>1111, tl1 e \'P rl1 s!tonld
l11 : i11 tl1n si11 g 1tla r 11·iil'l 1 ti:.~ cull1'1'1i"n only j,; Ll1011ght

was I

l

.

The rn ob {
· ll1spersed.
were\
The rnou ,\ was l. Lhruwing sto nes.

·

·>

l

\\' ('!'()

1

( is l
·1 'J'h e co mmi ttee ~ · · rl': u1y tu rqiort.
··
I arc )
. l l'' l .111 l I 1l~ .1 r op111
. .111 ' 1 ~, .
-4 Th e co inmi tl•·c .\ wa s I (1·11'll
·
( wen•\
: ,,

'!'li t• J' 11 r v ) is
J
( :i.n'

l. u11alil e
I

.
1' h:ts 'l
'!'I
~
(i.
w ,111ry
hav e)

l

lo :.l"l'l'l> upon a 1·1·rdi !'I .

'°

li:1s
rd11 r11cd , b ut ·
11111
( hal'l' I

:J"l'l' \ ' (1.

" ·;'. Th u stri kers i11 s i"L "11 th<· 1lis<:l 1argl' 11f all ll 1<· 11<·11·
.
i ('ill pl .. ys )
111 e 11 w lio111 l li L' cu 1111111ll1·e ·1\ l·.111p I oy (,
\ j' \ IK f. I il'L'd ll f Sllt'h
l". ll u tlm·s not ~l· e t.l1at Ll 1e pu '1<; 'i arl'.
111a11ag v111l'll t nf t li n ."llicC'.
.

I

IS

)

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'

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'l'h e irnbli c)
. n·q11 estc1l to rcg i,;f l·r Jl'l .. n : 1 · 1~1l.·
( arc I
i1w th e utl 1e r roo111s o [ I.he buil11i11g.
q

·.· ~:

to

} llL'l'll 111-

l\l. 'J'hu large forc e o ( in s}'t.:eln rn {

~ i. n11 : 1 1 ·d (., l'X all1i1 w CH• I')' sla111l in tli(\ .. it y.
' is )
·
11. 'l'!t e large [.,n:u
" j' ·111~1•l'•~ t.ur.-; .lI a rc I

i " J'"lt•l1·r
,

'111d i-

vidual n:porls Lu-day .

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JCu

1'':YO /J.'J!T (;().)/ f'OS!Tf()N

ny

]'fl!J C'T!CliJ.

1"~. 'l ' l11! n•g ·11 11 1· 11t •( l1 ··1s· )_ ,t· . .
• .
( liai·,, j · · .It 1\(' (1 li 1t•1r 11111 skl' tS.

1

:l,

'l'l

1

11iar..J 1

I

· 1 1l
f IJJ.o
1c

1argc liall.

. Atl prn11"llll

11:-i•' .1 :ts tliP s11l1 j·f·ct

nl'

l !! J1!11J1i111tfiH~ (':tSf'.

l

a i ·n r)

sh,ntld be

;t gJ"(TJll\'!l! :.1

'"I

". \ ,.(' \\' i
t ('•·111 I'"."
I :1 t1111n· l'l li<· i,·1 1( 11 1a 11 I li:111 l1i111.
l•. J ,e; I 111•· 111·111111s1• t l1:1t y1111 a11d lll L' set. 011!. 11 0 11'.
.\FT!.;J{ Tiil ·: Vl ·: l<Il "'!'()HE. "

'1'11<.' \'1'r l1 /I) lw t:tk!' S t IH·
I IPr rt a:-; 11,• fn r" it.

:-i:Llll('

n ,·1.~. .

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tl1<·

Jll't!IJ!Jllll

I. I 11 ·:1.' 11 11 t 11<itit i, ·d . :111d ·1·
ll ll'.

' :11 1r '"I t' is to ld:1rn ,, it i.-; not

.,·•

I t . 11·as not li er.- li11i hi·r ·,j,· 1,. 1. t l.I.I t .) _!>I I 111 !' 1..
.). 111.~ drl'ss r<•.-:t•111'1l1·d 1111· fatl1l'r' s ·1 11d ·I1 ti.1 1L 1·
] took it t.u lie li t·.
·
., '
· · ' 1 r. ·ta11 ce
.. . I t l'Ottl.J 11(1!. li:11·1· 1,,.,.11 1'1 .. 111 t l1 ."" t
11 0! 11:11·1· '"'t• 11 l1n.

S. Th at. cou ld

\V e

H[.'.l' Pn

Ill

..
~-

1.'i-

und n~(q11d

1. ,ii, (' '!'Ilk<:
lu t.!11: lwv
wli n111 hr ~...t\\ . \\ii
. ~ l i llll O.
.,
.
·
••· l li c r1· rn11l d IJC littl,e ! J( Jl l J) •, :t ;: t_( ' II'} 10 Ill \1'(>11 \,)
hu:orne
1.li" Yil'l11r.
:;. Yo11 111 ar jlil.<s }1_v any
11'/io m yo n know will 110 t wol <·on1 f' 1l"· s11 .c:·c:·l·st io11.
·I. \\. l1y 11·,·1·,. rou :111d
hi111 so lo11 g "' <'0 111i11 g to an

l'lit>\'<!( ' :--1

T11R l' r o11 on11 :L rll1 ils a 11 tn\' e.l e 11t s!toul.l
nn1nl1 Pl' a 11<1 p e rso11.

1. Mr. J\[Ol'so a11d 111y faLii e r ditl liu~itll' SS t"g"I iu·r; t h•·1·
l':t('h <.thn, an•l t·:lf'h fr]t. that tl l(':· 1·fo:ilo! trn,1

l'IW:\l'ol ; N AS SL: IU E<:T.

:1

ti . .\ ft, ·r 11·hat. was saitl, 11· c n11derstood it. In lot · s Ji, ..
Can iL lie ]1i111 you 111 L:an '.'

I has l
in r1•g in1,•111 Il l1a 1·,, )~ e;a11 t11rl·1l t l11 · .f.,rf..

' 'l'l 1c sch ool ·,I 111:1r..J H•s
1 -..

111

COlrfMOH XJUWU8.

~aw.

th e oth er.
:2 . .Ernry nn e 1li1l all in llwir power Lo 1·<>11 t rihutt• t .. 11 .. ,
nnfor l u na.tc man's re; Iid .
'. \. I 11<1 not· sec ltoll' u 11 u l':tll Yl'ry well 111."C t Ji,.i 1· h:ila 11•"'.
in a tar.
4. l 1 i; nally th ere is a t·: 11· 011 a train wlll'r<' 011 " n1 :1Y
sm oke lo l hi: ir li ea rt's eon t .. nt, a11u 110Lotly hi11 dl'r 1h1·111.
!°> . E1·e;ry one t>f 11 s has a~ 11111cl1 ll'ork aH ll' l: l'all p os~il.Jy
do.
ti. Th e d a ma ge t.ha t. rai 11 or wind has <1<>111; i11 t h1·i r Ill rn
can l1ardly 1 11; f•st.i1nat«d .
7. I b1·lieY e t.l1at. l'l'l'ryb11tly, wlt e 11 1lis1·ol'l'ri11g t ha t ti 111 e
is lost !Ill 1hiH roa tl, ka1·1·:; it :>s so o 11 as l li l'y l'a ll .
OllJEUT OF VEHB Olt l'HEl'()::ilTIO N' .

'I'lte object of a ve rb or n, p re posi tion is iu tl1 P nhjecti ve case.
1. Will th ey compel you and T to 1Pa1·L: !h e st ati o n~
2. Yon wi l l find littl e t.roul.1le in l>eleding from !11l' gn•at
number of appli cants th ey wh o wil l u1akc good dri1t> r><.
3. W e did no t tell h er who tlrn packa.ge came from .
4.. The lady in front of us aildresscd herself to a sto ut
ge ntleman who I saw a.s I entered.

.
.

'

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~.

-.1

r . .1

J;?{r: U81f COJll'OS!T!fJ.V J: r

·•. \\.l'r<.' hl' 'till di tipi»'t·d lu gn lill'l'I'. 111y 111 1r,.;l' ~ l1all ho
(I Ii i Ill .
·I. IL 1r;1s t iw <·krk ',.; 1l11ly t11 li;1r1· i11forr11 l' il \';lt'li 111 (• 11ilJtll'
.. 1· 1h1· lll l'l'li11g.
:1. \\' lio w"1illl l1:1re lJ1.:l ic\'\·d it JH•s., ili l\' 111 kt1·1· n·1· eirnd
a11 :111.-;\\'1 ·r l'r111 11 :-:;111 Fr:t111· i,.;1·1> in ,,.,-,.11 1l;1r.-; ~
Ii. ;--; J1e 11·111ild li:11·c~ d1>11L' lwt i1• r lo l1ar l' w;1 il1'< l.
~ .•Jane sai \l t li a t she did l11 11>e y o u wut dd ha nl cvme
earl ier.
11j' l·11 l

THE PHE:-;E;:-.J T Tl·::\SE.

I . 'l'h c p rcsf'nt t.' 11sc is requ ired i11 exprcssi11g pre:>e ll L fads :rn11 nHiH' rsa.l t rutl1s.
JI. In Yi1·it1 11arra li1rn , past cYcuts a1111 SC'eues nre
ofte n 1lesnil1e1l as if a ct ually lJe f()rc tli o writer.
\\"1 1011 tl1 0 jll'('sP11 t te nse is tlins ns1' 11 instead u f tl ie
past, it is L·;1il l'1l t l1c ./[isluricul .1'1·('-'"ll l.
I. Wli 1· r 1~ is J\Iary? I wis l1 J k111·11· ll'iiat ,.:]i,~ wa;; doin g.
" 1I t· :-;aid fir :-\L tha t c1d ori ne \\' ;1 ~ a l;lt\:11·J1ing n .~ e 11l.

:c I c· ;tJll lOl \\Til 1·, fn r

r har e

CO .lLlfO N ERIW R8.

/'JU C"l'I C8 .

f11rgnltt'll wl1a l. li l'I' a<.ldresti

1. \\"h(•r1· th e' 11a1·r<tliY c is m usL intcru,.;t i11 g, the ,.;(•111l·11<"<·s
;1 re 1•x I r;L sli .. r L
·• '!'lie ln·c is ;tho11 L 11111.t. l1i.C'.l1, l sh •)llld j11il ,'. (<'.
:1. He: is rq1nrll'tl 11 > 111.: ,.: ontt> lil'lll'r .
-l. I t 11·as ll•J L liis f:utlt, a.nil li e felt. badly wl1t' 11 h1· l1·:11·11t'd
th;1t Ji e \\':t S J1l :t lll l:ll.
: •. I It> wlio l'ili'l''J~uly i11j11res another l1111 st ft·\'! ' '"11Ll' llljl lilJly .
ti. 1 \Jl 11!1· lirot hers arc r c mark:tble tall.
-~. Ye$lL·rd ay was au ex cccdi11 g eol1l day for the rnicl dil'

of J.\ pr il.
s. Uc was scarce six teen year s of age wh en 11 0 went tn
SC<1.

!"l. Vii·e hun <lre<l d olla.r s is th e n ow estilll atc of wha t wi ll
he r1.. 1uin.: d t o con1pkle Lh e 1rnrk .
.
111. Be part icuLLrl y c:t11t ious just oe[orn you dnvl· o\' 1· r
t h e bridge, as t he carin g vf Lhe earth haH lliad c one spot

r eal d:u1gl,l'O UH.
1·! . On t' i ~ arn:1zl'd to ~l't' hnw ri dic ulous allll inappr oprlalc i-;o mc peopl e arc dresi<cd.

''' a~ .

·I. :-l11<'1·;i11's ll!'li1 ·r1·d l hat. lli1· srn 1l 11·;1,; i11111111rtal.
i>O U BLE N EGAT I VES.

l I i,.; ul1~c na t i1>11 had co m·irn:.:c:Ll liiru 1lia L holl csty was
t h1' lies! pn li(·y.
Ii . l ('< 11ild 110(. n•1·all wh1·r" Frl' illl'r.:.; 11·11;.; bit 11at.cd.
'?'. \\' l• lt·arned i11 t he l a ~ (. k .-;sn 11 t. ha L wal er wa.;; composed
uf i 11'0 g:tS<'s. 11ydrogro 11 ;ind nxygr•11.
i:i. Lon g fellow ~: 1 i 1l tha l life 11· ;1.-; n·al. li fe ll'a~ earnest.

l. ( · 11 ~to lll crs nlll sl. n nt. lit\ ,;(•11 t to t h e s111wri11 tl·11llenL';;
ofliee 11 ntln 110 ('.O n ~ idna! ion.
:!. J\vi l h('J' Mr. Cos,; nor no1J01ly else k11 ows ju"l how llH·

AD.IE CTI\'ES A:\D ADVE!rn;-;

Jire 1>rigi11a lcd .
:1. T <l o not purpose to repair the uou8e, neith er thi ~

:i .

Adj edi,·rs slt oul<l n ot

li t~ 11.-; cd 11·lH ·r1· achcn-l1s nm

n «111ired, no r :t(hcrlis \1·li e rc ad j .. ctiY1 ·,.; ar( •

ri ..

11irntl.

1

In expressing a 1ln ni:d 1ln not nsc two 1wgatiYe s .

I

year nor tlw n ext.
-L 1\1Jtlii11 g l1a,; 111·1·cr seemed tu alfe<'t him l'i O much .

I

~

CON :\fON JCWWUS

lG6

l.Jlf !,' f,/Sl/ C0.1!1'08/J'l() ,y /Jr l ' U; l (,"f'I CE'.

~ f· Jif {'ll('l'S

jj j;('

t.l11 !

f11 llo1r i11 l""")
" '"
.. 1.,,, tt,
. ·11·1e'l

to ihoiio

alH >l'l' :
;, Tltl' law do1·s 11' t alln\\' u11h· t>IH ' •h )"s I 1·1· t '
1
11 , l . . ·
·
· . · 111 .1 1ca !Oil.
.
~), I (l I I/(
. ~ 11 L 11<> 1\' ."(".· 11'1'1'1 .1· v11·rgt11J1
1l1·re11i11gs .
'·
< l• ll 1. ha rdh· l1« l l1'\'l' 11 1· ll'il l . II
:-;, \ \ '
·
~L' a pa r t 111. Lhi· Joi
i· \' :1 1111nt li:11'(: l>11t l1·11 d 11 II·. ti ..
. . by
~ t 11 I11 ' l'X1'!Clllled
11 11 r 1·0111 11 1iI h'I'.

I \T. .l.11 quoting 1.lw w11nl,.; o[ a11ntl1 0 r, u:-; 0 sf"·'" 11 r
will :tl' l'< >n l i11r; as t h e 011<' ur t.lw ollter 11·01il1l 111 : 11 ,.;ml
uy Ute 11 ('r,.;11 11 qn11te1l, if lu~ \\'l ' l' C spe al,iug.
T£x.H11•u:s: JJ,· say,.; lw ,.;h all 1·otl' fnr tl 11· i!l·st 1na11.
He s;cys he will ;..:<> if ynu iw;ist 11po11 it..
;,

"~llOULD" i\NI> " \VOL : LD "

Tlin

:-; 11 .\LL'' AN D "WILL. " *

\1:-i('"

of s/10"/d anil H'(t11/tl l'o rn·:-; 11 011 d i11 ~1 ·11Pral

. l. ,<. .,' /"di ,.;]1011].l ],,. 11so1l in tl10 lirsi
in tJ,.. "''1·01111 a111l t hird
.
p n rson, arn1 w£1l
' to i 11 1l ic :tto \\'hat i:-; c:oiug t<>

to tho,.;n of sft (I /[ a.1Hl ici/1. l\lo"t ca :-;r-:-; c:Lll lw k,..;tl .,]
l>y cl i:tllging s /1 0 11/il. Lo slHtll :11lll 1m!lld t.o ·1cill, :1.n1l ap-

t; 1 I; ; : 1..l:l('('.

pl y in g th o furegoiug rn1 cs.

~

J\ ).:•"»l rnl 1: fnr t1 1e pu iii i- " I ., .
,
' IJ '1, s!t u//,'a.11d 'l\'e s/1 01'. 1,1.· ·', ,1 1111lo:iU!f, [ slw/l,''Islwitld,'

wh o

.' f'11 ···t
. II.
tl )/"ill :-;]1 o u ltl lie u :-;Pd in ti i1
:-; J>P rsn11 a nd slwll
111 • io • s 1:co J1tl and tl1inl ' lo «x• .1•r1·' s,
. e ' 0 1· det '
· :--1 l l 1 .1 > 1t11~
111111• at 1uu 11u ili
l'' i nr
i 1 >[ il 10 s11 ca I\nl'.
· · er·
(
L. x .1~11 · 1. 1·:-•: r "·ill 1111 ·1·1 .,." '' •·11 ti IL' (l l ' J'U l.
1. " " s l1 :dl 111•1 :1 "'" 'l'ia l1· 11·i 1!J !J i111
]it' ~Ii:tll ri ·t urn yo11r book .
.

. III. ln ;•sk i11 g

qncstinn, ns o s /,ull nr u;i/l n..,
rn g ..:1s tli e un e o r tl 1f' o t l1 c r i:·: i c "l'Ol
.
·l!" 1 111
. re plv.' ccord\\il l ca1111nl lie

Ex

\\ ill yn11

i[,. Ill>'

d i- ;-.;;~t~ ~~l -~

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in

i11 t!J e tir,;t l\Pr:m 11 I 0 . ·I·.
.•
• 1' ' • L q 11 e~ t 1on.
• ·
1H~ i'('ad y at ti\'e tJ\:luck 1
1l1e fa1·1J1' to call?
.

u;;, ·d

<•1ily 1111' J11ai 11
11 111 n· i •'.\J1; 111 ... li\·1· t n· atllwtlt
I

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11

II:-; ( 1l 11·1ilt
f/ r,fl1u111 tr :11 1d ('

ll 1:1'11' r i'.'11;;/i."!1
1: \\·. Ilt'llli'' ,<.;f, 11// ' '"" ll'il/.

{:1 111 :-.;

~ir

.

1·rn1r H l'I '

:-.td•j ' ·t
. ·. ' '

g- i,· 1·11 h1·re .

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'"" l'""iltu/1 (,,·1 1111ltt •U"

llllU

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<::1 n

t1u 1tlJLle~s f1111l ~olll l' p r r:;on t•ll th e 11rc·111i ~cs

i 11 forrn rn e.

J (w e i11vc~t ig:d c the 111:1.t.t c r, we will as1·1·rtai 11 <"Xai'th·

th e f';tllS C .
·L \\'i ll I get yo nr 111ail a>< l 1·nme hv ll 1u l'""l -1>lli cu r
fJ. 111 011 0 11·cl·k m oro 1n· will prolial.Iy ti11i ~ l 1 t IH· 1·11 1il r:w l.
(i . Ill' 011gl 1i l o lia\' C k 11 111r1 1 tl1a t. we wo 11 ld \.,. l1· fl.
'/. l would be liurniliall'tl, I would lit' c 11il1;1l'l'<J :'~1·d 11.1· rn1·h
an a1·l.
ti. l wn11 lt1 li ke t o l;n o w (11 whom t h: s 11111l1r1 ·lla hr·ln11gs.
!.l. Lt·L thr pri 11 te r t. r:u1 :-d'1·r thn~c lin es t o tl1t! 111·xL p:1 gc .
n1111 11·1' wi ll ha n· 110 furt 111'1' dit1k11lt y.
](I . \\' e 11·ill rl'atlily gr:ud lli1' lrnth ,,[ tlii~ ,1 :1il' illl'll l.
\\'flt•JJ \\'( \ ]1>ok O\'l'l' th e pagt•S ()f ]1i sl01'.V llitd SI' !' lit>\\' f ('\\'

1 '' I' F · . ...; I . I I .
1• .~. • 1' 1 -' 011

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1. Trn s ti11 g U1:d. 1 will soo 11 lH'ar from you, bl'li PYP rrw

yours trnly.
:2 . But. I \\'i ll

I ~ h ail be at liiil'rl\'. tl11· ~... t fl t' l'll <l•lll
' ou \\'lll .fiml th e ri n 'l' n : r .i· 111111·1
. . 0 lle11.
.
Tl
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H) cl 1'efHi11 11·ill Ol'C lll' ll <'xt Tul' ~ da i-.
~11·1.
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~ r l':1L wri ll' rs t. lil'rl' h:t\'\.: lJ1·1 ·11 .
11. \\. ill you ha11, to 1nitl' :1111.tlll'r ll' Lln:
V. llc sap he 11 ill 11<.• L lw al. t !11· "Jll'l':t thi s l'l!'t1i11 g .

r,

CO Jffif(IJV

Jm

lo'/WORS.

1. Tf h e w;1 R Ollly he re,"'" f' Otil<l set out t o -ni.~ht, a11<1
thu s ga i11 t 11·1·lrn hn11rn· t im e.
:!. l'lt·:i se do 11t1 l t.lii 11k iii' lilt:, fror if J \\'a s t i1«•d l s lio11ld
sugg<'st Ll: at 11·0 p,,st. po11" t liv t'Xf'\ll's i•l ll I ill to-111<>tT11 1r.
3. \\'e lJollt n:ry mt11: lt wi sh Liiv wealh(']' 11·a.-; li110 tl1i ,;
a ftt' l'I HlOl l.

4. \\' hl' l hn th1• 111a11 is l1 0 11 cst. is 1111 l·c rtai11.
G. \\' lt ctl wr tl1L\ :n:cidt•11t. lil' d11t· to Lhc boy 's JH•gligcnce

::)LJB.l l ' 1\ ( 'TfVJ.; :lf<>OIJ.

. I. ] Jn <'Xpress in g a l'uitll'l' !'()J1 ti1 1•"Pll c 1· •1
Ui('
. t· .
.--. . . . ' · snpposition
. - (OJ I ,J ;t n · H ll)( •]' ( • .

111 11• .1·111•"
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ltt u Ll lll P, or a wish

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su bJ1. 111d11·c
rn oot1.

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tl 10 Yor li ·]
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i·1rc111t1sL1.111 ·1 \ ;1,:-;.

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' · • u 111111· say :u1 tl l l.ieli e r c),

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.
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I lt;11 . 11·J1l'r·e 1ltt· s1 1l1j 1111 ·r' . , .. I
.
r lt.t ,. a lll1·1·1· suppos i'

('()l'J't-·l :d i 1·0 uf nl'il !i n -.
l'il/1n· . . . or, 11l'ilf1,,r
?w1·, '1rli (' //11' /' •. . rJ r, ?1ul only ... 1111/ ulso, <Ll'L\ 11 s t·d , ear,li
c1•rrelatin.\ mn st be follo well 11y th e sa.111 0 coustruc-

Do 1wt use
'\\'l1 r. n tl1e

o ·,- ;LS tl10

cn rr e latin ~ s

tio11.

\\1 · r1· l11111 ·t! <·1111..... id1'1';t tt• .

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A l>DlTlO;-.IAL H ULE S.

tl.

E x ,1'11 ·1.r'. I l . ' I
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'..' . It " ' lr:ttl a t·op1· 11· , ·I 11
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ru,. k,. ;111 ;11l<'11tpl .
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' "ll d ''" r;i s l1 111 l1 i1 11 to
·I. l wi.-.. 11

or not, l1is 11'on11d s 111u s t lie tlrcsscd im111 cd iat: cly.
G. Jf h e \\'as tu <·o me to me, I \\' onll! hf·lp l1im.
7. ]f he give l1i., promi,r . yon ma y rely ttpon i t.
8. I wottld aCC'l'pt Utt' offer rpti ckl y if 1 was he.

An•itl usi 11g like a s
(/ s

.

fL

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nor l1 is 1·1c r l;"

~ltould

l•t'

I 1is !'I 1· 1· k. n

co 11jnndi011 lll pla(' o of " "'

11r

·{!:
l·:xAMl'l.t·:: "Ile writes like 1 do " slio nld he "lit! 11Ti l"s : 1 ~ I

do."

ff

Ill<1lcat.ive

" llt• 11t·itht'r s:111· 1111•

I It · i l Ii t • r t Ii t' ; 1g1'11 t. II ci I'

AYoi<l nsrng ii sce111.s us U1011[1h, [Jal us f/,011[1!1, f<tr
81'('/Jl.'I (IS ~/, T}"l'f (IS '~/.
])n 11 ot nsn tl1P ath1 •rl> t·ery lH•f11rn a pa:;t participle .
E :<A~1P1.1·:: li e is ""I')' d1 ·lig ht e1 l with I.lie

resul t.

]71)

} ;,\'1; US ! [ N !Jff'OS!TI 0}1 fl Y f'I:.-1('J'rCE:.

T) , , 1w L 11,;1· l11d 1cl1u l iu place nf

IJ//t t/iut.

trenth f•e n t.nrv experi e111·l's . :ind t 11 1· 1•r;ii~1·s a11. I li 1iJ1 11; ·'
wh ich are lH' <lJ>l'd up on him, <-r1·aks " ,], · ~ i1·i; tu k1" 111 if!"·
wuttl.J h:ir•· '''l"'ri1·111 ·1·d tl11· s:i n1" f1« ·li11 µ· !tad 111· \111 ·d l!I
l he f1111r1.-. .. n1i1 ,.,.:,1:1rL

J ·:x.1 ~11'u: : " I <l1o1 1·1 kn nw IH1t 11·ha l T l1a1·r 111ail1· a m htn.ke"
;..d! •>tdd lu· • i r d c) l! ' I kJll)\\. l111t tliat I l: :\\"t• !11i1d1· a 111i :·:i:tk e. 11

I. 1 .< l1: i![ J1t · it l1 n gn to T,011.Jo n 11r to l'aris.
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J"ro11t
I Le ll'a 1· th e cl 1iud.~ an' g:at lil' ri1w it looks as
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LllOligii i L \\"t_'l't' ,!.!Ll{! ) g tu l ~ un .
·'· ' !1l11:y ~t t· t ]iJ.:c ! h1 y v:i_·r, ~ lnr1l-.: "f i'ri·:il j, 111
LL ) ~ ( 1 11 :u··· ,-,·ry ""t 'H~r!i 1 11 hv , ·n1 1r j n urn~· \· .
.
!"1. f :1r11 nPi flH· I' :1 11 ;i.. : r0! i('.-i i ~ th t'n rr u r ;Jl';icti!.T .
1; . 11 o n Jl' r was n ot only the mak e· ;· 0[ a 11 :11 i(l11, but also
,if' :L L 111 .~ 1 i:1;..;,·e a 1111 a r1.: 1ig·iun .
1

... 'J'li 1 ·r<: i ~ 110 tl oulJL bu t what ho will lie l1 ere lo-day.

lit\

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]"n];i1t.L'. ont tt\H•ll 11 ,,r1l1t·!'lt st'<'Tt1·.'. i sl 1"11l.J l1a1<· a" 11 .,,
Iron 1 ~ ti l 11(111 II:-: ( ' l' 1 \ 11 · ( i1i i;1 ;1 ....:...: .
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r i'lll'. .. ( ·: t illt·t· l 11ll' .Y

'( ' ;1 ] 1.'~

.. \\ "t ·J'i ' \\ ' l' J i l l'l l

!iy ( '\;;i\ lf ' l ' J' .

1-1. Th e sl'ltlteni eiil <•f 1h ::1 ,·lai:11 11 :1 ,; g i1·1·11 111" lli'•I-,.

lr utt ],J,. t li:t11
e:; t.atl'.
l ' >. \\'ill 1·,,1 1 ~,.,. ! l1al tlw 1·11:1 l -:1 ,l11 ·,;

j ,;

n r>t: >')1 ill 1·.J (>Tl tho

g r; i-.:.,.;:. ~

MhC I·:LLA l\l-:<Jt;S EXAMPU::-;.

Ir;_ 'l 'li<• 11r" 1,; !!0•1<l.

] · 1 r-: 1rn not h ow m:111y sn pportrrs t li e plan h:1 R, it. is
ll!'i llif•r :L \ri st~ or l«'il!I0111i r« il O JH' .
'' (J11 I lie \rcs l s ide t•f t li e I:u.:l 0n-, a11o t lt(·r 1·lii rn 1w v lias
j1 1sl i11·c 11 l•ui!L lifly Jon t lii g li .
.
•
... \\. !1('11 a t-:1p 1art• i:.,; di.,-idt·d in 111 tri;t11'..-'11
_ ·:-; in 11 1,. 11, way,
11·]1;11. k i1 1d of t 1 · i:111gJ,. ~ :1n· f;,r111cd ?
-1. I l:i1·1· 11·1 y ou 111·1·" r J"I. n· cc iYt·il 111 111 1·1· rl ili 1·1d._, ?
'' · I 1·it l11·r s;1w :L r11 lii 11 o r an ori0J., i11 t Ital t 1·(·e.
Ii . Tl11 ·n· :in• 111:L1ty 1>1 l1(' r as i11l(· r1•st i11L( u1..-111-rt· 11 ees 011
ll'!1i1·! 1 I s lw11ld lik, ~ tu l1a1·1· 1hrdl..
.
·;-_ '!" Ji,. 1111 11 1lil'r l)f l11ls ,.,J,l Y:ln'
frn
m
s
ix in fl'JJ a 1L-J -.
.
" · J wi ll rna kl! l1i111 111 1111il crst:11 1d tl1:tl: fair dl'al i11g i~
l' .\ jll'Cl1·d v( }1 Jill.

! 1. J\(· il li er l1i .-; :u·t i"11 nor \rli:tL ]11· 1• r11fL· s:;1·~ lo lrn

Ii I

f' nJnrox Rrmn ns.

show

f li;ii Ji ,. i.-; s i11r·"r".
Ill. \\.lt11 111 1l id _1·"11 fv ll nH· ( l1is c:1·nll1·1 11:111 ll':J S ?
J I . Tli 1• j11y ;i 111 l p r id!' tl1: tl a .di ."''O\'('l"l'r 0[ l11e 1iino-

S OT!lt~ )"l ar~
1

H!,..!:U.

c

1·;-_ I know that. i1on e o[ 111\' g irls arc an ad1<w:t! L' "'
s n..!1 id t« L,;.
1;;. l i e :1d11 11,11is livd t.hc jury to c:1 rl'f ll ll)' <·0 1is11i1·r 1I H1
i"e ~ iiJllf1J1\- IHl l111 :1 i ~ iifr ·· ..o .
J'.1 . T 1·:1Y• ·lli11.c: J,y I ill' ""1 1Ii r<>:11l :it 1\11,, ·"' '" "'" ,,: t lw ',·:ir
j,; 111urc l'n·f1·r:1 lik t !i:1n 1i,- t hl' 11<>1-1 i1 r .. :1.J .
20. l'lea ~ c 'll.Y J slt111ild l>l' g rl'at.ly o l.J ig .. ,] In li i111 i f 110
w il l Jt.n.J lllU t h e J'trsl. lllJlll]Jl'r Of t.J1P ltl :t_t;':tZiltl'.
:! I. I\ .. 11r, f f 1·t·I 1·1111l idt·11L, is rnoru kim1l y 1Ji , 110.-1 ·d
towarL1 Lhc cJJt e rpri:;e, nor 111 0 n~ willin g lo cu11lril11i1L-, t l1a11
h im .
"" '!'li e ~port l oo ofl un is ]J a~ctl 11po 11 so me o ne ridi1·ulin g :rnnt!tn.
·,!;\. 'I'l ll'rn is ge ne rall y ;;;cYnal n 1r· n al!•illl the ~Lal in1t lo
tra1 1 ~rl~ r l>;t .~ .~age.

;!~. 'l'lt 1·ri· :ll'L' nn f, ·111•n1 1•1il -lt 1111 , 1·,; i11 tl1aL cily .
Olll' 11: 1,; :t it"TI Sl' :t.ll1l ]11 l to i l11· 111.c1·ll·l's.

Ln· ry -

~-:.

.·

J72

ll'Xr;f,]S/f C'IJ.)f/'l)S//'!(JX !Jr f'l.'ACT/l'FJ.

CONJ!UN L'JUW /!8.
;: .->.

.1\ron• sl 1" rt st· 1Jfe 11 cc·.-; ar" ,,,,.. ,/. tl 1,·11 1 J

wr ill'r.
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c

>.1·

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lll OS I. Ill !}'

_, _ ~h<'
•)

\1";1.-; k111° 11·11 lo li:1re li i'l' ll a ''l' l'l" 111J t i
11 llt ;d. li ouso.
l ' r111 .. t· I );irid .,[ ~ 1·ut land wa s r1·a lly in (Ji,. ( 'r tt kad ur 's

;: ,'-i . <)11p l';11 1nnt form ;111_1· opi 11 in11 of lt <'r t it (' first t ini e
t ltt'_I' 111< •c·I ltl' I'. as sl 1f' ~; 11· ,, 1«·n· I ii I le ·.

'!'I. I f1·;1 r 11 1;11. lt· 11 ,:t·111'..; J1,.111·(• I will l'i'grd i lt t, I d ill
11
not. :1"t't' pl. I lJt · pos it i1111 .1n1· 1111c-1,. ,,ff,.,., .t/ il H'.
:w. 1'111. a 11!Jl'dt·r aro1111d the litd al iuul, llta t 11·idl'.
:J 1. 'l'l1 e roo f it':t ks l1;1 d .

:;:?. ft 11·as a •1111.,.:liu 11 wlil'lltl'r ltt' nngl 1t lu ]1aru Lee
11
\\"i d1·/1111 akc·r. l:tll'_n•r. ,,,. n1 i11i,li·r.

:u. T his

);1rg1• rn lu1n 1•. tngdl 11•r 11 iL/1 I l1 L· kll1<tllt·r

1Ital. acc ·11rn11a11.}' it _. 1re re 1rnrc- li:1;;'·1l 11·J1 ,· 11 J I

the s 11 bject.

L

)(•g;llJ

t

1l1t · l'•H'1 ·1· '. \1";1s_11nly 11r!_!-:111iz1-.!
;1go . l l is ;1..; \\'t·ll t·•111i1 1pl'd as ii 1t 11:1:' a 11:1rt
o[ t IH· l'l',:..'.t tlar arrn y.
fi. Jt' yo 11 aru l10111 e tl1i>< nft .. r11orn 1 I w111iltl 11\' l1:q 'J'Y In
call.
'/'. l l L• has 11mr l1l'C'll th n• u } l':tl's i n tht• 111i1 1i stry . an d i.-;
very 1>l1·:1 o"1·d 11·i t Ii 1lia t. :t l"<ll':tl IOI!.
:-i. \\"o uld 11n t ~l1: 1 k1"'Jll': 1 n: l1a n : ]J('l' ll likl'l.)' t" at lc·:i"t
ha re li t·ard of Liit'H' :' :tl"< lg\'s :'
!\ . !\eithe r lie 11 or li is falhl'I' 1\"l'n: (·d11 c:tlc·d lo J, c
!'i. Trn 11 p :\. tl1r f':11·:1hy 11f

a l'c·w

_rt·: 1 r ~

lawrc·r~ .
11

.
011 18

() ~1. 11d y

J; ). Il l' clairn ccl U1:1t Smitl1. whom hu SllJ'l'Osl·d wa.-; a11
A111t·ri 1·:111 , h:trl wri tlc ·11 h illl :t ll'l. l1•r.
11. I "ll JllJUo'll 1liat t ii l' ·p11rp<""l' or i11a 11 g u1·,, 1i11g ll111~t.:
ganw,; ll'l'l'l · t IH' prornol i()fl of p hr;.;it ·al "11l t 11rl'. .
1:!. I 11t·r(•r h a n · :111d I llClf'L' I 11t'\"l·r ll'tll o't'l' li1m .
J :l. I t l1i11k I 1rill b(; :il1h: tu j1:1_v yon with in a 11"L·d: . 1'11r
I am li:t bl t; t() rl' <'l• ir l' 8.-,oo l' r0 111 Ill / fa l. li('r :111_v day.
I-!. I do 110!. k noll' In tl 1rl>al I f>ll .:..'.l 1l to h art · IJl'1 •11 " l1· :ll't ·r.
I ;,_ Tlw l ' 11 il l'd S1at.l•>J ure 110 [ l101111cl to a trl'al y c· 11l1· n· d
11 po11 wi t ho11t its au t liorily.
.
. .
11;. '! 'li t· ro le "r 1l1 e ! n1 sl1·t·;.; 011 11 11· n 'sCJl 1il1 011 011st :1 111111 .c:
l'n·sidc·11 t Ila rt k t L was Ii i11 1IJ(' allil'ln:il ir ... -1 i1 1 1lil · 111'.!.!"illi i·L· wi t Ji Ollt ' 11 1t·1<1 hL'I' o i' ( I I(: li11an l :11 1.>t•IJI. 11"1 1111 11 i i i<
c la i ;111 .<1 lir t Ii,· t1 f>j1osi l it1 1t won 111 lian; \'() t1·d i 11 th e· 111·.g:tl i ,.,.,
J ';'. ;\ 1 · i~ Ji('r ~t· 11a tor~ ll: t1rc ·s 11or llo:tr wern i11 t.li t·ir ."t':ti s
to-tl a v.
JS." lf l' fohkd iL a11Ll pu t it. i11 l1i ..; breast poc·kd a11tl lai d
dow1 1 o11c1: 111 orl'. a11<1 it was 11t1 i. rdn red to a~:ii11.
1~). SIH· wa s :t good d 1·;tl 1111 rt, a 11 d ii l' r lia11d >' O ."<·H·rc·l .1·
illjllrl'd that 1111lt · ~s ,.; l1 c· l1a s t li t• fo rdi11g'<'I' :111q111l :il(·d . ,.;l1l'
will cut irel y lo."l' I lie ll o" L; of iL.

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174

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I

l~'1\'G USH OOA!l'OSTTJON BY l'RA01'JG'R

I

20. Jf J wrrn nlil P1w11gh to hr. rnarri ed, I am ol
tn n1 a 11ago rny J1 11 sband's

'

I:I

h o n~e.

d enough

2!. Th!_' nn1·l' l i t~ l'lf ·1 s rno't. ll 0 f c..
·
·
.
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'" r \V alter Sco t t'~ are
1R 0.' pCCJ:tlh· ill ll' l'l'.<tin g.
•
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· I
.
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I L, ~ ie w ;t t li r r aun t aJHl a O't · 1
Q11 p11 i,111 a rc Sl'11 t aw:1y to a c a s t le .
"' IH o und
;!:>. 111 t lw p 11rit 1· r f I · n
l
.
kh• •t·r f1H· r·<, nf c lr:u.'. L< .: ·r ';·~ ' i_ e a111 :wl 1011 s, :is well as in !.hr

lf:,

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•I

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'

CHAPTER XI.

CAPITALS.

ll JS llll C<jll:lll e d l1y IJOll c .

. ·-~. A \l <>ll lil1 1 wh o l'<dt' d d itl'erl' nLly L1.
l '. l
J,lJJ
IL J 111sband
did ll' fJt1 l<l !Jc a 11 <'Xl'Cjl t i1J n.
.,- \ I
·- ·> . ,. s t It' hoo k C'. "l"' 1111 1li (' k " 11 ·· llc .
t·
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l
.
' " ·g.i n ° ~P L· I 10 st
a ".! ,!_!nn<l point,; i11 hi s jll'Oj>le's cli ara ctl' r' ·111 ;)· . . rong
S!' ltJll S )\' J>ass Ol ' L•r i hl'ir \\' l "1 i ' ll ' . t
. ''
t.o UllCO ll•
<- 'OIJl
~

~ Ii . f\ 1·11· ~t ra ta, is laid doll'n o u tl;o i:;l'a fl oor m ·]

.

nc l m o1e

'jl ll d dy t ha n 011 la n<i .

·! ·~ . If tho tariff \ l' t ·l'l ' l··rkf' n < tT cf
l
1
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woo , we wo11 ld b(\
,., t cu l ' ose ()[Jr m 1lls ll l l ilt'l'llt lll t or r . ,' .
..
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ol! 1g11 t,01111ie t1 t 1on
~· . J
ra t t/i p1· !'\l ul d ~Pc of iii•. " ··1 l
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l1oofs.
L JJJ\J~I J e <1 11 0 were !us
11

'!!J. It l' rC \'L1 11t s hi 11 1 l
]'
Ju 111 llr g llie el bo ll'

Jlll.l l'l'

titan a little

:w
Hr:1 11 d 1·,t't · i 1 - 1·
l f
.
"
.
. . . ·'
i ' " " "'n t i,, 1111\'l 1011 s of tir e bod
tl.
Ltt1gue or L·111 v t1u11 !rav e l•aral.r zed.
y i.it

READ the follnwing extracts aud c:rn.mples and uoti cc
the use of capital letters.

"Ollr excursi on to Vesuviu s was l1elaycJ for some days to

awai t th e :trrival of the Fr:rnkli 11, which "·as to brin g us tho
lieutenant who w:ts our trav elii ng co mpanion i11 ( ;cr111a11y
la.; t summe r, aJl(l who \\'islwu t o make the ascen t in onr
compan y. At length, 0 11 Thursd ay, the firin g of hra\·y
gnn s tolll us that the great ship was l'O mi ng into th e harbor . . . . The .Franklin is th o Jla g-shi1i uf our Jo:u ropean
srp1:ulro11, :rn J bears tho fl ag of Ad miral .John L. Word en,
th e galla11t ofli cor whoso co tir:t .!.il! :u1d s kill in fi glr ting t lro
Moni to r again st th o l\Icrrimaek in llarnptvn lioad s in l0G:l ,
savetl tlw country in a11 hullr of i111!1lin ent l'eril."

*

" Afte r tlr o long sil ou rc of t he <l csert, it was stra11 go to
h oar Lho \' Oico o f the Hca. Jt was llo111 ur·ti sea- tl 1c 011ly
sea vf ro man ce a11Ll faill e- over whi c h J[ol en sai led and t ho
Argo nau t~ , out of wlii l'h ~ ai lt- d Culurulrn s. Jt \\:t S ~ t.
J ol1n's sea anJ Al exand er's- J lad rian's a11d lh c Cru sade rs'.

*

"Fro111 t llll La kes u [ l\ il larn .. y to tlie Uolden !l o rn," Ly llKNl\Y

l\I. F11, 1.1>, l>. !J.
175

C.·l /'l'f.1 f.S.

17Li

FN!i f,! S!{ roJfl'l)SfTIOX lJY PllA CTIGfi:.

1·1'{1SS. ( ':lll
rc s1 ·11t al i11 11 '.

:t

Upo n ih s hore ~ loot1 C ar tl1:1 .~ c . alll1 anni;i; its callll the 8}'r c 11 s sa11;:;.

TJ,..,,., hm(-.4 <lltil ilg11r1_•,; 1•a!'o•:.J .

l'.ul

ll 1l'

Ji'''· L'ti 11orJ11

i'f-_:' l i litlii :

I . . t .11 \ t ,I ii' \. . o>\ .I I I. l

01 11· \1in l1·r t\1:1 L ~11 ' 11
t .11 l l ' :-; . "l l lt l ()
·1d1 ·d t'('\'t·r;i \ I
. ''

'l lm·r all wa, tc
pln~<· s . whPrn "'"taste
Tl11• pJ,•as11rP ,,f l11 •li1· \·in g- w11a t we Rt.'e

An1! so!itnry

1

·

.

] 'l 1

l'll ,\ ' >)'CI

Is Uo11n 11l e~s H!" w1· wi:--h our soul s t o hf".''' *

I .

JL

•\ ·

\\':l>i

• .

'

. l i11tn

I

. '

.

')' ] , · '

\\' il ii

l':tl'l' ,

f11 11 1)f ln ·d~

: J111i .. ,1rr j 1\r :""

tha t 1')'1\ so le11d L·r :'

J•:i'{'t~ llttJli O.'-' , lt11! IH >L

O !lt'

1 ! 1:1i

i1: ·1,\r .

fh~ : f .~ : :\·f ·

fi ll '

:t

f 11'\\' 117'

fJHlri'

t'X-

a i fl·1l intJ11T ;-; " i' 11 1 n f iL 1· ~a \·i . i11r 1i i" ; lii· \',11rl 1l ! )1;11 1 i o lilain

fr1m1 t.h e 1\1•11· T cs lamc 11 L Ill! !. if it >'1 ·1·111,; al1111>,;( ]>l'crnmpt. ion to :dt1•111pt to )':ti 11l onr :-;;1,·i o11r. \\'h:Jf "hall \\'P ~ ay to
t.lie in l rnd111·t i1 >11 of ll1 L· :-;lli'l'l'lllC ll1·i1 1g 111'11 11 t he <':tllYasi'
Yi· L fli i s :q 1 p !'a r~ \ ' f'l'Y ol'l<•J1 i11 ll11· j>:1i11fi11g,; of ll1 P oM
111a,;l1· rs. l l'all lrn t l li i11k it 11·as sni.:·geslt·d l1y tlie fa ct t hat
t. l1 n (;l'l'l'k >' c tt!p i or.; rnad e 1-d :1t 1H·,; ,.i· t il e g .. ds f11r l1 1ei r
t1 ·111j>k . ;, ,\ ;; tlt1·y 11n.J 1•r lnnk to gi1·\' tlil' ht' :td or .J1 1pile r,
"'' lliL' 'C (' ltr is t.ia n arti sts tliouglit tl11 ·y 1·1111ld pai n t lltt~ Al111iµ·ltty ! !\ot 1Jl1fn·1 p11•1illy. lllf •y L'. i1·,. th,-, thn· c· j11 ·r.' ·• 11,;
or t he T r ini ty . tho F:d lier l1ei11g l"t'J'l't'S('lltcd :1~ a n oltl
1n1111 11·1t Ii :1 ln11g bea rd, fi oa!ing 1111 a 1·1111111, ! hr· ~ J> lrit as a
d1 1\·1· . \\' i1 il1· ti 11· ~nn l ~: i ndi1-·;d ! d Ii \ · :i f i1 1111:it1 f11r111 IH·;1ri11g

•

mu <..: h abu ~cd .

c

-

r://,

. / ,1y I

:-<J
-.·
ii· ··

,-

l t .1 .:: 111.,o i. lDt/J

a; (~ . r· 111 · 1--11 ·
1

' Y,·ft t,1

.

l

l 1a l (I .

-

j / / / ( 1t///!

--~

I~

~J;fr1 !

/1r}1 I

i

, .,

... -.-·--·~

....

ari :--;l'S
f \ d " /-)~ )

1

-

-I

,·n11 1·" r":tll PI!.
. I.
" i fl' :lr ~
liu \ t1· r(·1L \,; ]1u <' lllT.
.

l i f·;t\,V

i iiar o H·1· 11 l 1 11 1Hir e d ~ v f

1

O' >' \\ -

J: J\'

"\\'li en lhr old rn as t r r~ . af tl'r J«ti1iti11£; l li e \ 'irgin Mary,
Yc11 t11 n· on an id eal of 011 r L•ml lii111 r.: C'l f, l.ltl'V are less sncce:-:s ful. lJl'(' au :-: (~ Ll1 e ;-;u hj t~C t is n: Orl' diJ 1if·1;Jt . '1'}11.•y attGlllfit
Lo 11orlray Lli n Ui1in1~ ~l:rn ; i•11t 11)111 1·a11 1':1i11i i] w l iJ] ,~s, ,,d
<' 0 1: :1tc11::11«(', :~n

.

J1

(I !'

>'" ~j>;l l ' II l g .

ll ll'l) I\' l \ll "ial i•-il " \J UJll I . !'
tr-111T . "' \\-,J L 1 wa.:-5 grca lY
\'NY

1

1

.,j

l:1 .'·
' 1· I I I' J ... ·'l··· ·l 1.. 11. \,,,11· l
ll t. I .~ l
11
\l ~
1·'
· 1 t l1 "· · ·1lt
i' r\\:1 r11 . l
t ·
111 l) \
'
ti\ •'

-..:1l,,.
"

/;/

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?·~''

,-,

·:\.

,·1

.,

178

ll.\'ULMI! CWlJ'US !rtO.\' I I J' /'!(fl

f ' J'l('g

('.1 I'! :t'. t I ,S.

.:!](]; r ~j;0 ,. ? ! , ''(::~ n n.

~

@~c . 2_!}, / cl]/ I.

c::ll;JI( i ,( .·

jM I-

g t

i f ;{;u·c Mttjr;,llj ;,,/< }/'''' ' r'J.11/·
m e JJ1';'Jl"'j/

;;{~/!.
' /I

/; a lt ? ·on t/1 e

/t a;;eo

y};ou ;/,,,_,,. th
1ZJ;ZJP/!, .

.

..::2lt:;-otm.alff'!7 ,.

l1i11r, 71w INt'itie

and

rl,,vol e

the

.'

tfett !we,.

to t'c.

Sv11ll i. Eas t. 11111! \\' (,Sf , ll'lro1 1l 81°d tu 1frJ1ute /ifl/'ls u( the
cu 11.11 t rr1 sh ould br·_q in II' ii It. a rn ;11 /rt!.

5. Na mes of Months , etc. - '!'!r t· ·11r1111cs r'.f 11us11/ !rs, d11 ys
of th e //'eek, hut J11SI rf tir e sl'((s1111s. s/11111/,/ hf'!fiil witlr (llj)! t a1s.
6. Titles. - 'l'i/ fros 1 f !11SJ1nr IS/' ' ~(/i,·r'. 1l'lrr11r·1·1'/' tl1ry are
fl/IJJ!il'l l to II / lil l'li1·11!11r /11'/'S<i// II/' 11'!11·11 tl/('.1/ /1/'('l 'l'tfe a
;1roi1er ·11111111', .<lr o1ild l1r'f/ i11 ll'illt a n 1111t1tl.
E x A~!l'LJ·:~.-S t' nril•!r

E. L. :-;;u11pson; Attorn ey-General Taft;
P res id e nt. .\l o r l111i.
ln til e a fkrnoon, ~! oll 1 e r eall etl upon Aunt Mary.

\' i <:l: ·

Q./lo:Jt J17zceiet/

)''Jlt1:1,

,~meJ cf7 cl/i1t.'d-z.
Tieru1 th o fulJ ,miug tliredinns for t l1 0 nsf' <Jf CAPITAL
LF.rn:ns, au.I te ll wl1 y oad 1 capital is usell 1rn pnges
1, '.2, nuc1 :3.
1. First Words.- 'l'/J r Jirs/ 11·1m / ~( ercr.11 sr11 t c11 cc and
Ilic .first ·11•1Jrd of f'l 'Cl'.f/ li111: rf 7u1!'/ r_r1 slro11i<L f1f'_1JiJ1 ll'it!t fl
ca;1i lri1 .

2. Proper Nou ns, etc. - J'ropcr 11n1111s, 1/'C"rr/s r11' ril'rdfrm11.
' 1!1, r11ul 1101111s ·11scd as pro11er 1un11 cs , sh ould bt•9 i 11 with.
a r·aJI ii 11 l.
l/1

j -q
/,

1

ExAM1•1.1~s . -Cliri sl i; 111 ;

Sidn ey

Slr<'et;

Re<!

H iYcr

of the

11·orrls
··

I

slro11 !1/

n11d
1111 /

0 slro111tl o111·ay s be rnpi·
hf'!Ji11 1l'itlt a cap ital, except

11t tlt e bcyi1111i11;1 r!f a s1'11/!•11r·c.

4. The Words North, South , etc.- T/i e

ca ;1il11I.
ExA~!P L E,. -T h c port. Virgil was r ight wh en he said,
i s h e wl 111 k n 11 11·s lh c cau se~ of things.''
The only q11P,tinn is, th erefore. \\'as t hat a wi se art 1

"Happy

8. Nam es of the Deity.- .1ll 11m111's of /h p, Dcilf/ sh ou ld
bt·riin 1C ith a m;1ital.
.9. Nam es of t he Bible.- .A 1l umncs of I he lJ i blc r11ul ~(
books or /)((l'fs r'. f' it slto n 1'l l11';; in 'l l'ilh l'lljlitals .
10. Imp ortan t Events, etc.- 'l'/w names uf important
ei·cn ts i n lris/11r.r1 slr olllil h1°!fin 'tcillr r:a11ilrrls.
Ex .oi1·1.r:. - Th e Ci Yil \\'ar; th o H1· f11 rrnati on.

11. Abbreviated Words.- A11 1ilil1rev iated word usually

Nor th : (;reat S<>ntli Hay: L;ikc Erir.

3. I and 0 .- 'l'!r rJ
tu/.,·. Tir e ·u ·ord" 0 !1

7. Quotations and Direct Questions. - T!i cjirs/ 1cord of a
dire,.( q 110 totion or a. direct q11cshvn should be,r; in 11:it!t a

1/'{IJ'r/,,

North ,

/,, •11i11s ll'illr rt l'llJi ital.

.12. 1'he Words Sir, Friend, etc.- hi a ldli'r, the 1l'Or d;;
Sir l•' ric11<l, etc., of tltc r1ddres s, {l)l(l tir e .first ·1conl r'./ ll: e
ron;plimr•nlary pl:raMJ at Lite end, should hegin wit!t capi-

tctls.

~

'.

.'~

, {._

.

'·

l·.'.\'1:/,/,,.fl ('(). Jlf'(JS /'l'llJN

JI)" f'l.' .lr "J '/t '/c'.

.· .

CA I'l1 ALS.

13. Titles of Books.-Jn Ilic Ii/ It s o/ lmf/l.:s or tlte fteadi'nys if cssrry.', d e., all 1101111s and 11/i{(:r i111portant words
s!tuuld bcyin 1c ith a Ca]Jilal.

t

Give r e a sous for tli e capitals u se<l iu tlie follo11·i11g :
"On the morning of the sixth day we passed the i-:land
of l'urim, whi ch guards 1.h c gates of the He<l :::lea, and durin g the day passed m any islands, and were in full sigh t_of
the Arab ian coast, and at eYe11 ing to u ched at Ad en. H erc
the h eat r each es t h e superlative.
In go in g dow n the
He<l Sea, one may u se all d egrees of compari son-h ot,
hotter, hottest-and t h e last is Aden. It is a barren pr1i 11 t
of rock and sand, wit hin twelve d egr ees of the Erj11ut or .
und the town is actuall y in the crater of an exti nct vol c:rn• »
in to wliich the su n beats do wn wi th th e h eat of Nc:bu d 1ad n ezzur 's furnace. Bu t th o Briti sh Government holcls it, as
i t commands the en tra nce to t he Hod Sea . an<l hns fo rtifi ed
it, and keeps a. garrison h er e. l:fow c\'er, it mercifully send s
few E1wlish w ldi crs to such a s pot, b u t sup plil'S the p lace
chi efly ~•ith natil·c r egiments from Iudia. All the otl iccra
hold th e place in h orro r, co unting it a Yery pu rga to ry,
from whi ch it is paradi se to be transferred to luJia." *

E.!A MP LF:s.-Mc t h od s o f Ass is t in~ I he Work in!( Classes in the
Enforc:ern c11t. of their Lega l ]{ igllls ; Tli o lirowth of .Manufac·

tiir i ng si n co tl1e War.

At!Jre~s t o tl.Jc V ote rs of tlie United Stat es.

14. Personific~tion.-1Yi1111 es 1~( o1~/rds s7H1kcn (fas persons, or pcrso111j1l'd, f rcquent1y lll'yin wil!t a r;1ilals.
ExA~!l'LF:. - " My Yillagc, I tli i11k, is a spec;i al fa\' Orite of Summer. Every 1rintlo1r -s1i l in it she touclu·s witli c;olor and frag ranco; c1·o rywhe ro s he wak e ns I lu: tlnm sy rn11rmurs of the
!ii n:>s; every plac:o sho scents wi th apple-b lo:sso ms."

EXEllCISE Fon DICT.\ TI ON .

"In t ho ol<l <lays wli cn J fir~ t tr:11·e:le1l in I li e so 11th of
Europe'. N ic'o was an Halia 11 tu1rn. .lL Ldonged tu the
~n1 :.tll k 1n g do111 of S:1rdi11ia. But in 10fi0, as a return for
tlil· li_elp of ~:1pol ~n11 in 1 l1c ":t111pai g 11 llf 10:) !J against
; \ 11 s l na, by wl11 .. 1i \i d.or l·: 1111n an1 1t'l ,!.;·ai11L' tl Lo rn ba rdy, it
w:1 s _ceded with :c-;aniy to France, a11d 111111· is a .French city.
I tl11nk it '1:1 s ]11'11.<pe rc d hy t li e <' liar1 g l'. l t. l1 as g ro w11 very
n11 w li. u 11trl 1t J1;1~ so 11 1l' fift1· th1111 s:rnd i1 il1: tl 1if.an l.s. Its
J•r i11 .. ipal a t t r:wfi 11 11 i-: :is :i wi11t.;r r1·so rt fo r J<: 11 gJi sh a nd
i\ 111 (·ril':u1 s. 'l' l1l'1·c art.: :1. J1 1111 tlwr (Jf l'r11ll's i:1.1 1t ,·· li11rcl .s
11
J.'r.:r1« li a11d l ·:n~lish . Th u Fr\' rwh 1 ·:1· :111 .~c li <':il t li11n ·h lia~
fur its ]>:tsl <Jr HL' I'. L t:(J 11 l'ilalll', wli u i,; 11·L' ll k1wwn iu
Alllerica. "

No·n:.-A fte r th oro ug h ,J; , .:; 11 ., s ion uf tlrn c11pit1dizat iun of tl1if
ex trnot, le t the cliiss wri te it from <.lictation.

*From "Eg ypt to .Tnpan," \Jy

l

HEN HY

J\l .

FI.ELD.

./.
>'
--.

~. ~{
~

APPENDIX A.

RULES FOB. PUNCTUATION.

• <

•·

TIIE CO\DL\.

Fon co11ve11im1en of r e foro11«0 tllfl rnl ef; dnyp]np0<1 111
C h:q ite r I •Hfl h ere gronpod l.y topic. 'J.'lu: origi1i;,J
llH111ht1 rin g lrn.s he()n ruta. i111•cl on 11111n11}()1Ji<: g ru n1 1<l ,.;.
1. Words or Phrases in Series.- \ \'urds or plirn:=:t·s i11 t!tP
sa nw C01lstr 11 ctio11, for111ing a Hericl', are s1 ·par:l tc·d li.1· a
co mma wli«n tlie c;n11j1111dio11 ii.; 0111ittccl . If Lile <'Olljl11wtiq11 is ux11n·s.'<'cl hdw«cm Lli e J;u;t tll'O m c111lwrs of ILscri rR,
t.JH, 1·011111111. is phc"d t.li•·rn 1Ll so.
2. Inserted Expressions. - \VJi,·11 an cxpresHin 11 " ·l1i r·h
11al11 r: illr lwlongs in '-'O llt \J other p:•rt o f a sc n tt·JH'e is p11t
at. tlie ll('gi11ni11g, :-;o as to be lloti ecably out of phicc, it is
fol J .. 11· c•l lis a eo m rna.
3. Intermediate Expressions.-Inte rmed iatc ex 11rc,, io11s,
wlw11 tlil'v co nw between tlie closely related parts u[ :l ,.;c ufrncl', are sl't off by com mas.
12. Explanatory Expressions. - Ex pln na tory expr essions
<1r ~ gcn rrnlly :-;epar:ited fro111 t.lte rest o[ the sentence h,y
corn rnas.

~-·.;

. t-Y=·

JW J,/l8 FOU PUNCTU.A TI ON .
Af'l'Kl O>JX A.

184

7. Cont rast ed Expressions. ( '011 I rasl t·d L'X press io11 s are
't·p;1rat cd l1y a t·o11 111 1a.
1 7. P a r enthetical Expressions.- Ex pre,:, io11:; used parcnl lit'l il'ally ,; hn11ld ht• ~l' para terl fro m lhe rnst of t he se 11 lcnce
hy t'lll ll lll;t,:.
11. Cla uses of a Compoun d Sent ence. - \\"h en l he indcjH'1 1tknl 1·la1t,;1.,-; o[ a t·11111 111•t1 1t <l srnt.e 11t·f· or t li e pa r t~ of a
t·1111q1t1111PI pn·dit ·;if1· a rt' ll L•I 1·l 11"ely n ·l:d ed i11 1ho11g ht, they
an· 11 ,:11 ally "l' J>;1ra l1·d l•y 1·0 11 111 1;i,:,
9. Ellipsis.- .\n l"ili 11:; i,; is frequl' n lly i11 d i('at.e1l by a
f'Olll ll l:L.
6. Words i n Pairs. - \\"llC'n a f'L'l'i1·,: uf wo rds is rirra1well
0
i11 pa ir,: a 1·11111111:1 is plar·pr] al"t Pr tw :li pa ir.
4 . W or ds in Apposition.- \\'onh or pl 1rast·s i11 apposi t i1• 11 an: sl' C u!I Ly 1·omm:tf'.
15. No uns of Address.- ;\ 11111111 of ;1dtlr1 ·,.; s i.' ,.;(•t ofl' by
L'Oll Ii I l:t>;.
24. (/1) Terms con nect ed by " Or."- '1'1·r111H eon 11 l'dtlrl by
11 r :t11 d l1aYi 11 g the s;1 11 1P 11 11•a11 i11 g a rc "'p:traLcd liy t· um111 as.
3. W ords R epeated for Emphasis. - \\"I H·ll a wunl is reJ•l';d1·d for (' 111 pli:1 s i ~ . th e t.11·1, words aru st:p:u·atetl by a
t' <1 r111 11 a.

13. Absolute P hrases.-1\ l.snl 11 t.e pli rn ses are set off by
(' () !ll

tll;t,;.

26. Propo si tion used as Subj ect. - J\ p ropos it ion fo rmin g
I lie ;; u lijt·l' l. of a Ye r h is;;\'[. off h r a c·o l!lm a.
18. Dependent Clauses. - ,\ dc:JH·11t'le nt cl au ~e n ot closel_y
J"(' la tcJ to t h e woru it limi ts, is 1'(' jlilnt led from it by a

corn ma.
19. R elative Clauses not Re st r ictive. - A rel alil'l' r· l a11 ~n
ll'I H'n 11nt rL·~ I rit·I ii'<' i~ :-:t·parat1·d fro m t he re~ ! o f tl w sen l.1·11 1·1· J1y \'\l lllll l:tS.

31. The Words "Voted," " Resolved," et c.- :\ co n11na
is s11m l't i111 es l'laeL>1l after tlie wonl_,; l 'ofc1 I , H 1•s1i/!'rd, Ur -

dercd .

A colon may be m;ed.
TH E SEi\ll CO L ON.

14. Subdivided Members of a C.lmpound Sentence.- :\
se n1 i.. olo1t i,; ph<'ed bet wee n t h e }>ri11 cipal me1nllL'r" ol' :L
l:Olllpou ml s1·11te 11 ce whe n t h e ksse r cll'men ts are ,;('1•aral,··l ·
fron t each other Ly comma ·.
21. Clauses having a Common Dependence. -W ht'll ~l' Y ·
cra1 ehnse,; h :Lve <L common depe nd ence n po n a110! lier
e\:111,:\',-t!tey arc separ:Llc<l from each o ther liy ~1· 1 1 1i"11 !01i,.;.
28. Clause of Reason Introduced by "For." - :\ da11,.;e
of n·a~u n i11 l rvL1 11 eell lJy fu r i:; gc 11 c' ra1l y prc•t·1•tlt:d l>y a
Sl'lll ievlon.
29. "Namely," "As," " Viz.," etc.- -\\"l-.vn ;111111c1_11 , 11s .
1·iz. , tu 1cil , and l /u1! i s i11tr111l 11!'l' Px: u11plt·~. ill1 1 ~t r;ili111t,.; .
or :1 11 e11 t1 11H•ral io11 of p:ut ieul ar;;, t hey a re p reeeded liy a
sc mi culvn <tll d follo wed by a comma.
'l'llE l' ElU O D.

10. Abbreviations.- A p1:riud is p1 ace<1 af te r a11 al>L rev ia ted word .
'l'I IE D ASH.

5. General Term preceding Particulars. - \\'h en a gene ral t erm preccLlcs seve ral p ar t ic ulars, an ll 111unel.'f or as i,;
0111i Ltcd a fte r t h e ge neral te nn, i t is genernll y fo1loweu l.Jy
a dash . :-:;ometimes lL se rni coln n is u sed in tead .
2~. Particulars followed by General Term.-A comm a
d :l tla::;l1 arn u sed lwt. 11·l"l' IJ sev eral partic ubr::; and a
1111

·_,

1.·. ;" . ·

A l '/'E,\"f>J X A .

.'..!·•· 11e ral f t•r111 w \i('11 t h<· j >: 1rl i, ·11 la r ~ p r<·<· <'<l c th e gen e ml
t\' l' I ll .

-:a
·- -+

27. Dash Used t o Mark Break in Se11tence.- 'l'lie tlash
is ll seJ wl1 e rn Lhl' re is :t

s11dcl c 11

l>1\·;1 k in a sc 11Le ncc, or a

.»=

-~~

.'IL\.J(K::; Vl" ll U OTA'llON .

AP l)t:ND i X B.

16. Direct Quotations.- A <lirc(·t qnntalio u is iu closetl
i11 q uu la l io11-1nark,; . :u 1d Jn;t_y li e prl' ce1kd by a comma;
lHI L if i t is i nt rodu ced in:. fo rrnal 111an11 c r, i t is preceded

l•y
i;-:;

hlA.ltE.S

r s ED I ;\ CORRE CTI NG CO-:\IPOSITIONS.

a c1_1]1111.

20. Qu oted Titles.- \\' lie n th e 11 a111 e uf a l> uo k <ir a ]iapcr
(111 u !t• l. il i.--: in r·l1i'.'l '.-l 1n tp tn t :d i(i!l-nl; tr k :-: .
1

i' :\lU·::\Tll J·> J:-: )1.\1: 1\ :-: l :\<. L< >:' J:\ (; I:\TLHH<H:ATJ();'t.
l'<l l i\'T.

25. In t. 1; rro g- ri. ti on-poin t wi t hin I' arcnthe sis-m ri. rks. - - .\ 11
i 11 l 1 • 1 "J' ~) ~-'~ ; 1ti 111 1 - ! 1''i 1 1L , ,· i ! l1i11

p ;1 n · 1d l1 1.·....:i ....:- r11: 11·ks r idi(· ti1t· .-.;

(q'

ii) .
\\ T

.\ 11
-~

l:: q > . .

<1111:,;L io11 s \\' l iaL j !l'CCt•th·;; .

Cl.
BHA CJ\ET S.

30. Inserted Expressions. - ' l' li !' l1r:w k t·ls 11n · 11,< 1·d !11 inclusP all t'Xj >l'l,s i:; it111

i11 ~ <·rlt·ti

l• v :t110Ll1t:r f11r l'Xlilallalioll ur

..\ 11 iJ , \ ~ 11tl :

......". _..

j 11 \ 1; 1.J I :io i " .
:\ I\ l'l' n i r i ii

capit : d i1. i11.~ .

"' " l t: k: u»
;,:1t:k ,_,f t·n11n1;d iu11 wit Ii \\\\ '

t.' ·u ·il y {'Ldl ~L l' Ul' 1 io1 1.
,

11.

<l . .. ..

<.;u rri:cti on.
M:C..
lw -e.

:-;'"{· .
:-;I'
:-;y11 ..
Ir. . .. .

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V iulatt•>I>
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or with tllr cn1 1 " ~ ' ·

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ol \>llii l ) ,

~111 it t \ 11· j ll ii 11l. 11• 1 \ \' l''

\\ ' ( )j (l, Ill

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mark is dr;1wn .
Bad 111allll St: r ipt. j{('-cnpy .
He-cast se nt en ce.
::>·.:qu ellc•; u[· \e !\ ~ l'»· 11 ol· ouser ve<l •
\ ! i~ :·qw\ 1 1·'1 w, ·, nl.
N,
· t ot

tt r ; u11u1~tl1 c:. 11.

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.

dr :1 \,·11 1 _~

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,.,·,1111'1 11 1o t1s li 1w abo ve on e ;l! H

illld \ \

ril~li ~, . tr.,. i11 I \w tuar .:..!:l lt.

..

-;,

API'.KNDIX ll.
U ... . .
?.

-.

Lack of 1inity.

>.

(,'

Qunr.v.
H the truth or corrcd11css of ·t st· t
or wor J ·. .
·
· • .,1 ernent
. l . l~ qucst1011 cd, draw a li11e under tli e
, t

y

<Jll C·J·ied am! put a11 i1 1t ernwatio 11-)Joi ut 1·11 ti
. p.u
I i·
.
"'
. 1e ma r"m
IH 1eate arnbwuous pronou 11 s bv J.. "
. 0 ·
fr
ti, .
"
.
.
" J,twui g a 1Ille out
om . irni. and rnakrng a11 rnt crrugat io11-point at tl

l'llcl ol tlin lin e.
/\

,.

....

ff . . . . .

·

APPENDIX C.

ie

ADDITIONAL l\IATERIAL FOR COMPOSITIONS.

one \\' Ord . ,18 c·i ur;-i ot a ~ 11
'c ' '
(
'
n 0 ' ier.
\\ o rd or lett er omitted.
~
tiome fa ult so obvio u~. ti· wt it
. lleed not. be stated.
Wri tP
r

:1 s

Co m pl etc the following Stories:
A BOY'S SERVICE.

,\.

"Speed boldly, J ean; the safety of God's elect depends
on thy fleetness and courage,'' said a :French pNtsan twoman, as, standin g at the door of a hut perched ovl·r a
gorge in t he Oevenues mountains, sh e bade farewell to her
yo un g son. Uc, m ounted on a small wh ite pony, looked
fearl essly ou t of hi s lir igh t li1ne eyes . and, tosoing lm t.; k lii s
abundant t resses of fa ir h:tir, bent to ki ss th e rno t lwr's
ha11d; then d escend in g a steep, win<l in g path. ove r wl 1i" !t
hi s intel li ge n t animal pi ckt'd a slow. su re [uoting, t lie
young ri der disappeared in the dark a isles of a pi 11 e
fores t.
.lea n Caval ier w as tc11 years old ; his c rndl e had heen
rocked to t hu howl o l' 111 011n tai 11 Hto rm s: ho wa,; :wcn stomcd to scale h eigh ts with fearless agility. l1t·i 11.L'. ~u refonted on paths that on ly t he mountai n-born t.;ottld safely
tread, and he 11 ow dauntl essly faced a hazardous riu e and
th e peril of impri son ment to save . ..

·I ·

'
''·

.TESSIE'S HEROISM.

)
J

U11c su m mer afternoon d nring Scotla11d ·~ ~trnggl e for
i11d upend c11 cl\ it lit.U c c:ot.tagc g irl calle<l lrnr dog Yarrow,
n11 d started on t wi t h him for a rnn on lht• rno orti. \\'li eu
Oil t (If urea (, Jt i; he d 1'1\]lpOlJ . l:tnghi ng, O il (lie gro : t 11d.
lt{!.I

'

\'

AJJlJl'J'lONJI !~ Jf;l '/JCJU AJ, FOIL CO.\lf'(J;-if'/'/U.\.".

mo

A.l'PENDJX C'.

Sn rlde11ly th o r hilt1 star ted. fo r tl1P rP w:i s a rn ornrnent in
th e low bu 8h at h r.r sicle. and a tall man 11 1 grce 11 arose
fr o m the rarU 1. S111ili ng kin<lly. h e hatle t he chi ld have
no foar. "lfl~ who is . ulkring w lllllf' h r.-.r dear ~ c· nt­
la1H1's 8akc; · ii e 8aid, "wouiJ 11,·11_·r iiarn1 u11e uf lil·r
chilJrcn .· · ·' tiire, an ihou \Lilian: ':·· :1.,kt·d Je1>:;1", ii alf
douhtfoll v. " And i [ I am;., he ans wered smi lin g.
"Then l pr:1y thee. ltt me kneel."
·'It 11 cetls not." \ Vallace sa id ki11dly. a11d fo r sPvr.rnl
n1itH 1t\: R g;tzc·d
:h oHghtfiill.r Ht. the child .
.. \V onldst
thou sav e \\' al Lu.;e ',; lire:" lie a>'ked at le11gLh . "If I
cn11lil, Hire,' ' she :111 s11·c·rcd simply.
'' Li sll'tl , tl1t ·1 1," ii l• lic•gan, pla(' ini:: his ha11d upon he1·
hair:" tlil' E11 g li sli har e pul a pri ct• 011 111y IHwl a 11 Ll are
t'\'t'll 11u11· ,;ean·l1ing fur Il l !' .
Jlern l 111 11,. t liid1· u ntil th e
da11g('r is pa ~ t; · an d p 1d1i11 g as ide thl: thid\ L 11 ~ltes li e
rerealed th e 1·11lra11 cc to a ca1·e. ",\l y e!tild, fo r t hree
<1:1y s I ba rn 111>( t:i sl t•d food. Cuuldst thou, wi thout m entio11i11g that thou hast tiCen me, !.i rin g a uasket of food at
ev1:11 i ng?"
''I w ill try," a11s 11·e red .letisie. wiLl 1 ![l':t Yt· sin r:e rity.
'' ,\ 11tl. d1i l<l," co nlinncd \\' al l:H.:e titcndy. ·• tli on nni st
pro111i sc lH' \'Cl' to I'l'H:ll U1:1 t Llw11 hast l'l't: ll Jill' . " .. r \\' ill
pr!)mi se n cYcr to tell :111yo1w ... "aid .J ess ie. half friglitei11:d . ·• Th en farewell . :llld rernc 111l>n tha t till' lire (If
\\' allaci: is in r o11r hand s."
"1Ta1·e r <l111H' right '! .. ]ip llllll'llllll'l'll. .. to t rn st the dest iny of S1·ot l; ind to so yo 1rng a cliilil '.-'" Th en ht· pu shed the
l111 slie ~ :1p:1ri :in d 1'ntP rf'd i IH' r:1 1· c . . T.:·;;:. ie \\·:dkt".i tl1,-iugl1L0

f1iliy

ta~ "

iin11H ' \\·:1rd. :1 11 d

w h1·n ~ht · <':tlllt' i 11

.-..:ig! 1i (1f tL 1_· cut-

"ht• 110( i('\·d 111·1· mnthf'r "tandin!..'. i11 t ii<' d nnr-W :l \'
talk in g tu three 1-'.ng]i,_;)1 ::\lld icr:'. " .\ 11 : .. <' Xt·l:ii 11 1('d u11 e,

1'. ) 1

. 1 '1
11 [>t• r cci \·f·d .. h t• re i:-; :L
:u; Jt·s:>ie t.rintl to s1ip "Y ,, 11: 111 i i
,
l1:1p•y· o1111~~." Le r wh o has lil:en roamin).,_' a1 1u1i!. .I Ltn :. \' Ult
.. "
t l ( Jl\l)()j' :-- ~"
. I . . . ' <l LLll rn:rn tlre1's<'il 111 grC<'ll u11 . I
, ..
pe 11 ~.1 Lu c,ce
.
. 1.
"Here i-: :L f•luc· : .
J .,.,, i., tur ned 1,:1] 0.J \111 t. made HO i e p) ·
, . _,.
1lot'
c.J~ . - ' .
yr, ~1111 .. ;-:l {'t .. 11 · !1
.·. ' · " ' .(,.1··1.. 1l 1iic rn:u t 11 1 ;.nultl['II.
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L' . fr1 ..·l it1·l11 '<I 11 1111

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~e11llcman,' co rn 11w1t<« ~" ne.,..,
.
J .. ssie b'Lld
lll a )0 11 LODC . · · •
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ClJ,!lll0 t 1cC ll"
>
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1111'

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...
A l'l'RN[) /.\

t.

Like 1111 t ny o tl ll'rfl lir f'c n et ll· h r• l"' l
Pules, " ·hilu prnfl'>'i' iiw t .. ·. ' IC.• tl ie cause of the
"' 0 i enialll 11 c utr·tl
Tl ·
" ·a:; liot at :il l liked hj· Ll 1c, Sc•1·[.::; o 11 I 11,;
. c '·t ·· t 1u ;; uobleman
('rtlt' ty a11cl cxlo rti• >l
]I
"·l l', >ecauseof his
I
I.
(' ·tJ ll"lj' ·
]
]
C't>J•Cck_ll])llll an :wrecm • .· '1 ' ::; t c 11 1a1 11 e<l the last
I
...,
en1 .. wt 11 0 ph"l f . k
ia ncsls t"ausccl lii m t u rcl~nL
, o 81c ·11ess or bad

J \';tll :-;[ep:111uff 11·a:; Olle 0[ t]
.
t h o estate• :lilt] ·1 · I
.
ic mo" t llltclligent sel'fs on
'
' ,., Jc \\ :tti \\' (' 11 t l .
l loLwtT, who oftL'll lo ·t I. 1·
- ,,_. •> 111_ world ly affai rs
s J,l!H::; at <" trd · f·
j
'
monl'y uf liim. O , l·
. ' ~, tl'qnm ityhorrowed
Ile t .ty aJ ll' r ' L I .
J'
.
master ,.o t •'or J,..
' o~s C• · t li1 s ki11d the
11 ·'
.i.n, am1 a>'kcd lii 111 f .
l
mo1 w y . I i·:lll prnll'Sk<l th· ' I I 1
u 1 a . a rge sum of
·
] ]
·
' de IC l:t< 11 ol l l · t
co11 ' 11ot r:use it
Tl .
.
· i.t amount and
. '
.
JC! c 11 po n I II ·t ti l
f
wit 11 a. lilnll' f1·lle1l him l
ti '
,
o anger, Dolal'ff
<J
i t• "r< •u n<l
11 LI
a1r:ty, I111l 1101 lidore he l.J,l< l l lL" l l'ci
,.., [Ji . [ u icn t1_11'11 eJ
Jn\' C JJ 1_1· l'l'l'l'll.~l·."
•
l' sc r lllllltur, "I will
I
,\. . ir v!'k latL·r . Dnlacff 11··1;:;
·t"tc
• . ·t1·1
'
" '(1 OJI ti
I
011
n·alJll"
r1•ltt·I"" ,11 1 l I ·IS p,; ·t t C l f
IC e 1arore
.-.
"' of· c 1
( ; .,r, ' n1111(•1J t. town t .: .l ,.r
L' 11·;1, tak l'1 1 to t he nearest
"I .
' i 1c1 . J<ilinLl ir 11il f1· . I
:-ii •Cffl:L f'or ] i ft•
\t t
.
• "
. • .uH :<e11 tc nced to
.
· · ' 1ie t I lllL' 1d ( li l' t r" I I
111l. b11t w·t" ,,,,,,1 rt·
l . i.i . va11 was not t.o
l H' lu11
.
' " .
II l'l'l\"I['(
I .. rt I .
s1·n It ' <'. H t•rt· 1 . l "t.
. ,
'1.1 " ' 111to Ute R11 ssi·m

1 111 111
s ·I r 1'Y so groat '8ki11
'
11,..1 t"• I1<' .. "<...1111"
• 1111tlt'r li tin1
' t
I .
·
.
wlw w:is ~" \l't•ll ] I
.I .
'' ""' lt't' .,,. t he ('z·1 r
..
'<'<!!:'< " wit Ii hi111 t in t 1 . .
.. '
:\ :<k :1111· fa1·1>r ruu ·I
.
.
. · · ie o:LJ'I Lo l va11
., .
.
•
( }tJ(I:-(', :111d I 11·t! I "..
I . .
.
'
l L i ,; 110!. f.,o grC':tf."
" 1.t11L i i., provid ed

and

l1r:11·t'l'I'

~ ""'"'

·

J \';ill · Jiu:< i L'I[ lt i l lll't'J i•
rl'111l1l111 .?.;ly 1•rt•sl'11f 1;d it

I. II p11·p·1n
.
. 1w .
' .lll'
-. l'.i411' Jlil l''''"
. t•• t II (; .},Ill
'l'l a1ul
I' tl1 en
g In.11ecl1 a momc1tt at the <l .
. .
ie
~111peror
1iway. • . •
ucu 111e11t, fruwncd, a11l! t 11 rn etl

I.

ADDI1'JOJl', I/, ftfATfi:!UAf, Jl'OU C1J 1\f/'1i8 /Tf' JK8.

i

HJ3

THE HAUNTED CASTLE.

N ot many generations ago, it was co mm only 1Jl'li1,,.,.,1
that there were s1H:h pl.tees as h aun ted house:;, and tl1:1t
11irc ·m isfortune befell those who dared to lir e in Ll 1t·1n .
J<.:reryhody at this <lay kno ws that ghost» arnl "pedrcs do
~1ot reall y exist, hnt ar c co njuret1 np by tl 1e imaginalio n
w hen th e mini! is gn·atly exciteJ. Jn pa ·t t i me~, ho we ver , this belief in h annted houses was o fte n e ncOHl«ll!;C•l
hy deRigni11 g me11 in onl l'r that they might deter pe•Jj•k
from discov ering the eYil prnetieC's they carri ctl on in n1<l
h on seR. It wa~, tlie rl'fnl'l', often rn ry duugerous to slcq> in
a. h ouse tha.t wm; sait1 to be haunted.
Wh en t h e Duke of Vil \artl was a you ng nrnn, it happcnC'll
tl111t t.he kin g sent hi111 in to Germany on bu siness of in1 portance. On his journ ey baek h e was overtaken one tl;1v
just at ni ghtfall by :L vio1t:nt storm. The only shclte.r
open to 11im \\·as in a Slll <Lll village coiu;istiug of a few
1n i,.;cr:iblc h oYel ». SC'cing, however, at i t sh ort dist:incc, :1
ruine<1 castle, h e in quired of the vil1agers if he rni gh t not
pa~s th e ni gh t t h ere, as it scC' mcd to promi se a more agre<'ahlc lodg in g. Th ey tol d hi m in reply that no one dare1l
to go tl1erc after 11i ghtfall , hcc:1use the cn..-;Llc was hauntctl
by so me fearful-looki n g spectres.
Tho yo un g t1nke laughed aloud a.t this reply. "I sh oul1l
1i ke to sec those spec tres," S<Lid he. And he orderctl 11 is
~en-:t11 ts to remai n in the Yi11 age, a nd takin g hi:; sword
with him, he went alone to the C<LStle.
In t he middle of the ni g ht a. terrible 110ise was heard . . . .
THE THREE VASES .

An ea.stern king on ce ,.;urnmon ed hi s three l:lO ll S into lii6
present..:<" :1.1111 pl acin g before the m three vases-th e ti rst of

·-.

I

.

,'

t

..

\.

l !) ..I

A !'l'f,"JY/J!X 0 .

gf>]d, IJin f;(•('.f) IHl Of" :tlllher , ;111d fJi r fJiiriJ (If C OllllllO!I t;Jay,
l.ad(: tl 1e t·ltl(•s l. c ho m;c ,rJ1iC'h H'l'l 11 ('d lo l1im rnos t valuable.
Aftt·r a li tt le IH' >'iL;il iu11, li e cii<>,-t: U1 r. l"iL:-it : of gol11. '!'hen
the kin~ hadn i]1(: s( •t·1111 d ' 'lll "hoost• fr11111 th u rnmuining
l11·n , a11d lie i 11 11111·rl iatl'ly st·k1·IL·d tli e Y:1s<: of' lllnhr. r. For
I lie ~·01111 gt's l. so1 1 liH'I'<) n •rn:1i11 cd 0 11l y llie v: t>'(: of clay.
\r lwn Ili c l111yh ad fakt·11 U1al, ll 1t) ki11 ,i.; said,"Lct the
pltiln,.opher" <'ll l t•r :111tl It'll my su 11,; whi ch of' th em hn~
1·lt 11>t ·11 1li o lll osr. 1·:tl11:tiilt-. rac;r .''
.\ t'('111·1li11gly, the ll'i >c 111<•1 1 en lc n•tl anil ll 1c 1·ascs of golc\
a :1tl of' a11il wr 11«· rr. '' )'"ll t'•l. ]11 th e first was Rimply a
j•i t·t ·(• of p:1 111· 1· "" 11l 1i.. h w: 1.< 1rrill1·11 "<:lnry." ]11 the
Rt '\'tll 1d I ht' l't: \\':1 s iik r 11 ist) :I J>i1•1 •n Of jl<ljH'I' ll'it Ji f it e wnrd
" J.'a111t:" \1Tilll'11 11 p11n ii.
'l'l 1t.: J>hil11.« 1pl1ns di sp11 tr.1l
11 1uf'.h "" 1/11: (·1111111:1ra ti1«· 1·:tl11., (Ir Ll1l's<· tll'o 1111 Lil at
lto ngtli lhu 1·ltl1·>'t 111' tl1 1•11 1 ;iJ) >' :iid ... ?lly hrutli1 ·r,-, l lie ru is
.~I ill a 1· a ,,~ 111 ''" "i •l' lll'tl. \\ '11 .1· d1·,·iil1: lid.ween these two
wi Ll1on L k 11011' i 11g I lie p;i f'L tJf I lie (Iii rd!' "
\\' rito a Htory from tliis pict11 r1 •.

~

'

'

., f

,,
1

t.

~

'·

APPENDIX D.
I'

BRIEF BIOGHAPHICAI, NOTES.

"

TrrEsll notes tou ch only authors from whose writing;< r xtrnds are in cluded in th e volum e.
AHllEY, JI ENRY, whose poe rn s p vsRess a m:i.rkt•d irnlil' id 11 1l]ity of sty lu, simpli1:it.y, as well as frc;;hnl'SS fli' th1111.c;li1 .
was horn at Hondont, N . Y., in l o-J.:!. ] [1 ::; ;;I 11d1L·s 1r L·n·
fiiii :-;h cd :lt Lit e K in gston A(':lllcrn y. His first 10111111(' of
]1<Wms \\':lii p11lili s lied in 1 i:lli~, and his ('ulllph:tu Jl<1t •111.-; 111
J H:-15. U c now res ides a t }( i ngsto n.
Bit YA KT, WILLIAM Cc LLE~ , p oet aml p 11bl icist, was hnrn
in Cnn1mi ngton, Ma:;s., in l~!J-J. and dil'll in lH~' H.
Ill'
l'arl y di s played a taste fur vtm;ifi caLi on, and his" T l.1 :lllal.o}'si s," 1Hi l.Le n wh e n he waH not yd 11111 (•f,('(!ll yc·:11·s ol ag•'.
pr•l\'Cil hi111 an u1iext:cllc<l priest 1t1Hl interprdur CJf J1a L11n"
Tl'n vears spent as <L Stll;t;OSsf ul lawyer ::;e rl' ud 0 11l y ! 11
Lurn 'i 1im tl ceisive!y Lo li tc ralnrc. H e h ccam c cd ilor of
the ; \ '1!/V .J'urk Hcri•~ W, an1l later of tho H1·c11i11!J !'us!.
Th otwh
a •J·o nrnalist of the highc:-;t m e ri t, it is a:; a pod
I:'>
tha t he will ernr be h onored and loved.
Hf'a<l " T o a Wate rfowl ,"" Insc ription for th e En trnn eo
Lo a ·wood," and "The E\·cning " ' iud."
H tlfffOX, TI1c11Ano E., whose pocmR during th e l:tf' L fe w
\'f • :i.r~ liaYll attracted wide altcnt.ion 1 w;ts uorn in ll;1rl f11 rcl ,
l :J,)

-·

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'I

r'

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l

l ~JG

!.
APPENDIX D .

BRIEF lJJOGH.:ll'JII CAL !t'UTES.

('01111., in I A5 !l. After g rad11;1liu11 fro!l 1 Trilli tv. Uolh.:"c
,,., he
p11rsnr1l a pr>"t -g radnat.e co11n<e i11 ,J uh11s Hoj>ki11 s U 11ivcr~ i ty, tcaeh i11 g th ere a sho1·L tim e afte r recei Yi11 g J1i :; d(ldur's
drg rce. llo \\"a:; nex t editor uf '/'h e G'h11 rdu11a11 , and L11 cn
\\:C' nt. al>rnwl fo r a year, keeping up Jt(, ll"Fp:qH·r anrl magazmc Y:<i rk . :\ t p rese nt he is the li tl'rarv t>di to r of the
lla r~/11n/ Co11rr111t.

celeb rat ed Boston publishing hou se. Ile died rn that
city in 1:381.
Head his" Yesterdays with Authors."

1t

HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL, ranks as one of the great
masters of 1£nglish prose. He was born at Salem, J\Ja~ s .,
in 1 SU-± arHl died in Hlli·I.
He was grn<lnaLctl from
l\nwdoi11 CollcgL\ Long fell ow, Franklin Pi ere<', Ceorgc B.
Cheev er, and ,Joh u S. C. A bbot.t beiug fellow- HL1ttlt 11 t ~.
In cl earness, beau ty, and fini sh of style, in anal p is ,.1
cliarncle r, anrl iu imaginative power he has no ri raJ among
Am eri can writers,
Read the "Twice-told Tales" a,nd "The House of t he
Seven Gables."

"

( ' t · 1n1:;, <:1-: v1u 1r-: \\'JLLlA~r. editor, orato r, aud esRayist,
wits l1orn in ProYid crn:e, Ii. 1., in U-l;.!.J . He ear ly 1·11tererl
mcn·:in tilo lifo, bu t left it after one year to return to hi s

stnlli l's. fn early ma11l1 ood he rnjo\"Od th e soc ictv of E merso11, I f:tll"tl w rnt•, :\largarct Pull er," and ot hers <iJ' li terary
taste>:. 111 11'.Jli hr went abroad, stmlied in C orm any, and
trn1·clled in the ~011th of J::11ropc and t he Ori ent. In 1850
his" l\ il c i\ol t'.-; Pf a l lcm :idji ·· 1ras p11i>li ~ hl'cl. His style
is grnC"d11
v
k . l and l>vl ishecl.. ]Ip, died. ,·tt St·it
' ' ' e 1I Tti 1all ( J • .N. CW
' or ,, m I sn::!.
Read th e" Po tipliar Papers."

Hor.mes, 0LIVEH WENDELL, the poet-ph ysician , was
horn in C;m1 brid ge, Mass., in 1809. After grad nation at
H:1rvard College in 1 8~5 , h e studied rn edi ciu e, and occu pi ccl successiv ely the chair of Anatomy in D ur tmou th Colltgc und in Ifarvanl. Not only has hi i:; medi cal skill won
him reno wn, but his literrtry genius has instructed and en ter tained multitudes of reaclers with its humor, its pathos
and poeti c fan cy.
Head" i\ly Hunt after the Captain" and" The Guardian
:\ ngcl."

Fru .1>, TT1·: :\1n· :If.. ('ditnr of tll(' .Yc1c )'ork /~'1·m1_r;cl i t
d is t 111 g- 111 sh ed t rar ellL·r ' ll'll s ]J(l n 1 1'11 JC!1.1 .,.,
. • ~· 1 ·k
... .... , 'lli
hrulgt', \f:iss .. a hP:1 11t iful rill:t,(iC a1no11g th e Jl erk sliire

ani]
:t
•

8

1"""1 , ()(.,

-

11 ills. Cradu;1! ing from William s C11lh',~C· he ~Lu<l i cd t heolngy :111<1 pr<o;wh c1 l t ill 1R:'.i4, wh en he becam e cflitor of
1he F1·" 11.r;d isl . Jr i ~ books of trnvel arc re markable for
fhe frrsl111p ~~ :rnrl ori g inalit y of th eir desc ripti on and comJn rnt, an<l fort li l' ir c•:isy a nd g-rac·r' r1tl Htylc.
I/encl "l"rv m the Ltkcs of Killarn ey to the Golden
Tf orn ."

, Fn:r.ns, J ,urn~ '.l',, 110tecl fo r his wi<l e acqu11i11tunce wi th
Ln gl 1sh :iml Alll erica 11 wri te rs of lii::; day, was born in
l'n rt;; 111 011t h, N. Jf. , i11 J.t-11·~ . F"r se 1·eral years he was
cdit<Jr of th e _l/ fu11 /ic Jfo11 /hl!J, a11rl was also a }Jartn er in

i
'•

10 1

""

JlOWAJW, BLAN CHE \VII.LIS, a remarkably sp irited
wri ter, was b orn :tt Bangor, Mc. , i11 18.J.7. 'l'h e frc·shll C'8S a11cl ori g inality of her first norel , "One Su mm er," a t
once made lier popular. Her next work , "One Yl':1 ;·
Abroad," made h er ;;till more popular. Sh e is n ow Mr~.
'l'cuffcl, and resides in Stuttgart, Gcrm:.my, where she
<~•lit s an English magaz in e.
Hen<l '·One Summer."

,,

I

·,v

I ~)8

.·IP!'/','};li/X D.

IJ/UR'/i' /Jl<JU/lAJ,lll CA /, N0'/'/1,'S.

. 11t·f;11 E:-;, 'l'llO\I .I s, who bt·(·arnc wiilf'ly known t hrough
h1 .'l b11"k "'L'1Jm Brown's Scl1nol l>aY~ ... was bo rn in BerkRhire, Eng., in 1s~ :) . Like Charl es- Kingsley he espoused
tht• ('ii ll ~ O of t he wurk i ll g' - C bi'Sl'S. .Ir i:; "Tn111 Brown at
Oxford ·· i:; " sequl'I tu " Tom Bro wn's Sc hool Days."
Head ··Tom Brown',; School DaJS."

11101lern langnages antl of letterR at. Harvard U 11 i1·l· rsily .
lie died in 1882.
Read •· Evangeline" and" Morit nri Saln tamu s."

T1t\' I :q;, " '.1s 111 ~ 1;T01', w a s

horn in Nt• W York C ity i'1
dil'il :LL " S111111ysi de," 011 t he ba nk s (Jf Lit e Ilud so 11 ,
111 1 :-;:,~1.
11 1• was th e fir><t. g reat 1\m eri ca 11 wri ter, and his
l'll':ir . . Jl1H'11L ;; tyhl h:1 s <'Xl'rtl'1l a rn arkl'd i111l11 (· 11 ce upon
1\lll ur1ca11 il'l lt' rs . llu is luvecl fo r hi:; ge ni al ity , li is reli 11 c111P11 t, Iii:; ll' IHl!' r 11:\111<1.-'. liis qn icL h11m ur.
llis "S kelchBook" lia>< lrn1 ·.,1110 an Engli .- li cla.-;~ i c.
Head "'J'hc Sk clc h-Buok" and ,; Knicke r uoe kr t"s History of Ne w York."
l '~~l:l,; u1 d

K 1 ~i;s1.EY, C 11 .11:r.Ls, :t cle rgyman of wid e i1dl11Pn e c, a
n o1·eli.-;t., arnl a ptwL W:t» born in De1·0 118hire, Eng., in I Sl.!l.
T he sufferings a nd I rials of th e w o rkin g-el a;;~es enli sted his

in te rt>st a nd sy mpathy, and l i e la bo red a11Ll wro te to imp rove their comli t io11. H is pr in ci pal 11 on·I:; are "Alton
Lo,.J..t-," '' Ycn:; t.," '· Hypat ia," a11d "\\'c;; l.ward Ho." H e
died i11 !S?.i.
l\ ea1l "Westward Jio:"

Lo1'0FELL0 1\", lI E l\ l{ Y W. , the most pop ular mul wi dely
k nown of Ameri can pods, wns born in j'(Jrtla11d , .Me., j~
I so·~. ::>bortly aftrr his g radu al io11 from Bowdoi11 Coll ege
li e speut three years and a half in E urope i11 order to
q11ali fy him self for the ehair of 111 orll'!' n lan1:,'111tges to
wli1 eh he had l>ee 11 call ed in his alma ma lt:r.
Afte r
h·:whi ng six y(·ars a l Bn11·tloi11 , he was mad e profe:;~or of

SILL, E 11w A 1w llo w L I N D, who;;e passion:1te lore of
11at ure g ires hi :; poe1n :-; a s ubt.l o eliann, wa;; bo rn in
\\' i11 d:;o r, Co11 11., in 1841. At twenty he w:1 s gracl 11atcd
from Yal e l'.ulh-ge, t:t nght i11 a11 aea1Je 111 y i11 < lhio, J;ilcr
i11 t he Oakh11d Jligli :-fohool , anil in l:i7.J. ht•«:u11n proks:;ur o f E11 g Ji,.d1 Lilerat.11n: in the U nirnr,.; ity o( ( '. alifornia. A ftcr seve ral year:; li e return ed 1.o Lill : Ea:<t . :111d
dernLl'd J1i msclf 111 ore folly tu literary work. l fu dil'd :it
C uyahoga .F alls, Ohio, in 1887.
He:ul "The Hern1itage."

\

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,..~ ' ~... i

"'.'·,,.:~

.,

~TE\ .EN'iON , l\011E1:T

Lou is, w ;LS horn at .E.Ji 11 l111rg h . i11
Hre1l a 11 e11gi11 eer, lie >iL U\lie(] hw, and Lli c-11 l.ieean1('
a writer, tir:<t uf e:;:;ay:; 1L11 d travel, th en of rorna11 ('l'$, all in
t li e mo:;t capt iva ~ i11g En gli sh . H e dcligli Ls by I lit' play nf
hi:; illl aginatio11, by lii :; i;urpri:; i11 g powers uf ulitierrntir.11,
hy !tis cha rming cle:;criptio11. His '' Tr t> a~ ur e fsland ," a
i,;tury o( Lrea:; u re-liuntin g 0 11 the Spanis h J\l ai11, is a 1nasterpi en: of vi1·ill narrntive.
li L::11l .. 'l'lie Merry Men" :mil " ' Vill o' Llic Mill" 111
" 'J'he i\l urry i\Ic11 and oll 1er '!'ales."
I :-\[JO.

\\ ' 11 ITT! LI( . Jol!X fi .. tlw Quaker-poet, 1r:1.s born in
I L11·urh i ll . Ma;;;;. , in lH<r:'.
li e began li fe 011 a l'ar111 ,

(':tril' ill'ca111 e an ed1 Lo r, ;11111 was co nn ected a.t different
t i 111 L·s wi t li sc \·e nLl pap1·rn. ] n 1840 he remo ved Lo "'\.m e:';i!llry , Ma:;;;., a nd res id ed Lhl're many years. .I Ii:; l'ersc is
n ott>d fu r its simp lie ity . \\'hittier has been call3u the
p•H.)t of ·t ·l'edom and humani ty .
!fond ;)11ow-Bo n11d."

:\:.

.. l

INDEX.
'I

The nu Ill uers rererto pages.

A bstrnct, The. 62
detinition of, 63

Clearness, 66
T o secure, 68

Allston'&U11jinisltecl Fainting, 24

Climax, 90
deliui tio D of, 91
Colon
direct quotation, 14
uflcr "Voted," "Hesolvcd ,"

A11titl1esis, 89
deli 11itiou of, \JO
A po ~ tro ph c, Sfl
dctiuit ion of , 87
Brackets, :.?2 ·

"Boy's H evcuge , A," l SfJ
Ca liph' s Magrrnnimity, The, 59
Capitals
J\ hbrevinlccl word~. 170
Jo'irRt word o f e very ~ente n ce,

178
l mportn11t even ts. Vi9
Na m es of the Bible, 170
Na nic8 of t h e Deity, 179
Na m es of mo1111i s, 179
J>c rso 11iti c,.tio11. 180
l'n >pcr 11 011us, 178
Titlt·s , Vi9
Ti1 !cs of hook~. 180
\\'t >1d s "] " a11d "0," 178
\V onls "North" "::io11tu,"
el.C. ,

178

\\'onl s "::iir, " ·•Fri end, " clc.,
l7!J
f'/iu111/xrc<l J.i{wtilu.•, 'l'/1 e, 9\J
t 'ir<: u111 :ocut io u, 7[)

Cit 11 . Th e, 10:.l

c1,;11 se, dcpc11dcul, 13

22
Comma
Absolute phrnses, 11
nf ter ''viz, " '' as," na111cly ,"
21
after· ' V ol<'d," '' lt<'~Oh1 t·tl," :.l'..!
Cl11 uses of coui pound scIJtCIJce, 8
Con 1rnsl ed expressions, 5
Dcpeud eut elau se, 14
D irect quotation, 14
:Ellipses, 7
1

'

Expl:urnlory expressions. 11
I nterrnetl i111.e ex prcs, io ns, 7
luverted expressions , ;J
No11u or address . I ~
Omi ss ion of ver h, '..!1

P 1Lreu 1h e1ical cx 1nessions, H
P ropC>si1 in 11 \l ~l'd ass11lijec1, :.!!
Ht:lal ive t: la11,c, 17
·words iu 1q>1•11si t io11, 4
Words in pairs. 5
\Vords or pli rases i11 se ries, :l
'V ord s rqucal ed fur c nipl ia ·

relative, ltj

201

! NDJt:X.
'u 11111Hm ErT1 1 r ~. 1.~0

,·\ ti j v c li\' t ·:-i. dl',!! 1'n· 1) f. 1.-1..J
-A d k<' ti\·t::-. t1:0-:1· d r11r advl'rb."
H ll4! nt.1't' r1 •r .-.:11. lli·I
0

..:\ g Tt'l'lllt'lll u( prUllO llll Hlld H U ·

l1·1 T dl'lll, Jli !

.\ r ! ic ! 1· .

11:-;1·

1.-1 :~

o f.

·' a ..; l '1o t1L! I 1, · t I."<· d fn r ' ' a s.

Jti I
,
:\ 11xi li:1ry \'l'rl1:-: , lli:t

if, 11

<1f' t1 ii jtT t
o'.'-li1i o 11 , J(iJ

1•f r1·1 iJ

<JI'

prl!p -

o i' [ll"i> ll<Hlll /I~ Sllltjt'l'I., J(iQ
(._ 'i 1111 p : tri ~(t ll " . l ;,.1
( ·., rn · I at i \' ~ ·:-:, 11-; u f, l fi !l
( ' ;t'I'

1:

ll» tth le tll ',!!;Hl i\' l'~ . l(i,j

" Ii lu•· t1't·d for " ''"· " ](l!l
;"..;II Ill IH' r nr \' t·rh , 1.·,7
.\1111 tlll' r pf vnh witlt t·nll1·c I i Ve 1\ t H l 11 l\!' S U ll jt:c l, 1;)~
j 'o ""i:o;f'";;~j

\I('

(' :l ~I' ,

} fJ,-1

l\1·\;11ivt~ p r~11 1n 1 1n~. ](j',!,

~ t·pan 1t

io 11 u f sig n "to" fro 1n
i11 1i11i1 ve. 16'!
~1·qUt'll{'t' nf ll 'll ~('.". l(i :i
·· ~h all " a tt d "will, " Hill
'' Sl1011Jd " aud ' ' w n11l d," 1G7
~ II h j ll 11 t ' I i \'t' Tll t)<:d . ifj~
.. "" "." .. tis"d 1,L'f.,n: a p:isl pa r
ti ciplt-, J(i!J
( 'n1 11pnsi tirn1s,

s11 h jl'('l!'I

for,

G·L

><11 . J tt ~>. 1-l!l

( 'n111" l 1t,i<>11 .-< lo I('! INS, l 1;j, 11 (i
( '•Il l"! n11· t io t1, sq11 i11 t i11 g- . 1;7
1J:i ., 11
B11•itl< i ll a ~w 11 1 1·11(' f'. :!I
( ;C' IJ CI ii 1 li' r lll 1•rt•( 'l' •I i 11 t• par .
1i1·ti h r-.. . t,
,-.
l ':t 1·1 i l ·tila1 :"! f~i\ ]pwcd J,, ..~· clll' t'·
:ti l<·rttt. I !I
J1 .ur11 , T i1<', JOI
l)i c lion
J > r e(' i ~io n, 1l1·1l11it io 11 t1f . i :tt
J' r.,prit·I.\'. tit'l i11 itio11 of. l :!b
f'11 rit \', cll'fittil intt n f, 1 : ;~

&:11fr1rtt;'!ti."'''111'11t. ion
J~ p i g r:Ull,

!I()

N11nn tion
J) ir<:cl nlld iuJirl'ct. ·l-t
Notes
vxa111plcs of f.,rtnal, 11\J
('\H ll\ )\Jt. Pf i11fPrlll lli,

Old //,, ""· :!7
U1 10 111:1 t (Jplt·in .

deli 1ii 1i1 111 of, n~
Fi~~ 1 1raii vi· la11 g 11tige,

l1t ;1t1 1ti 11 ,

88

7()

11vadi11 gs lo it'll t·rs, cxalllp!es of,
11:1
J!ypnhnl e , 0:2

na

d 1·fi11i1i{l ll of.
lnf~1 1 .i1iq•;-;. L l'H11sf'~1 rrnin g to parl1 t· 1pl<·s.

2!J

] 111 l'l' roµ:; 11 io11 . ~} I
1lt-Jittil it111 or. !J~
I 11 lt·1Tt1g-a1iou - p 11i n1.

ll'i l ltitt p:trl'1> ll1csi s- m a rks, 21
111trnd1wtio11s l o ldl t ' l'."i

l'Xa 11>pl t•s nf. 11:\
l11\'t'1>lio11 s, ~"k:> - -111, ,j J- 5-1
I ru t11-. !>l
dt ..lilli l i<>ll llf, Il l
.f1 ·ss 1>'." J/,·rut . '<111, 1!'-tfl
f. , !fn1d 1~/ 1i.. ' /11t1 1d1111. A,~:>
I .t · l l 1· r..;
0

lHH' l 11:-.i 11l ;-; , t.:X llllJ!dt ·."l or, 115
l l v: 1dit1 .!!". t' X;t111p lt·s of. 11;;
J 1Jfn11!1w t l•i11 ,, 1·xa11q1 l f!~11f , J l:t
(

:--- 11 l1j1Tf ...

4

ft • I',

~11 ·'.~1· ... 1i1q1 s

I :! ~

f11r wrili 11'' J IH

~11 Ji '1·r:..c ripti1111~, ex a111}.i1:~
11 (i
,\lat gi11s
l11 t '11 1 11 pu~i 1i~1 11 s, 23
lo lei [('l's. 1 Jt!
~! .. 1:1pl1or, ,• q
dl'littil itllt <>f, 8 1
.\ I i.\(• d 111<·t :q >i1<> t', R5
.\ lelutt\'t>J\', :::;s
tl1·ti ;,ii j;," of, t'!J

fH{

of,

Th e 8k_11. l ~ 'i
l'alue of Criticism, 148
Parngrnplt, :26
Pa rnp li ra~l'. t>!"i
d L'lin i ti (1U of , 58

P1rn•n1l11·ti c:d w o rd u r phrase. 1:3
Pul"lidplef'. t ran s forniin g to i11fi 11 itives, :2\J
Period afl t·r
11lt lircvi:it1·d w ord, 7
I\:r:-.011ir·ic1\ti11n. Ht>
deli11i l ion of, 8ti
Ph rases, abso lu te, 11
I 'it:! 11 "'-'" fo r cum posit io n8, (i4 , r,;;,
~ti. 'ill. ti!, 10·1, JOii, J!H, 1\J4.
l 'rrxou·e of ,l/i111l, 24
1
l r n 11 nu 11 s
H "l a 1i vc , lfi
A 111 hig-un1 1 ~. 67
~2

J> iri· l'I q1t111 :t1 io11. 14
Titl1 ·s .,r 1,.,.,jc~ and papcrn, l ~J
l( ed tl!ldHltl'Y . 7.f
J{1 ·prod11c1 ic1 11 s . 23-ZG
.·1 J,er;P111/ of 8!11111r/011.,
.· 1 11.,f~ n'> On/ini•hetl /'nintin.q,
2-1
.·1 '/'11 rki.,J, He lief, 24
(}/t( 111111.1' 27
l'r1·xence of Mind, 24

z;,

001'/. A. 77

; -~

lu..: for t:
"a ~ , ··
"viz, " 2 1
Clau~t' ..., having n.

,.

"1 1:1 1111,;y, ..

rn11111tnn dP-

pt· 111 l1·1w1~ .

IH
Cl:tu:<eof n·a slJn iutrodlle(•d l1 y
" for ," 21
·
Gt·tternl term p recl·di 11 .:,; [»tl' ·

:;

·"

i icll Jars, :)

I >iri·{·tion s t'ur.111:iki11 g. 1.1:~
/Joy.<, l ·lli
}fur."''·"· l ·i ·l
M.'I }'l1roril1· 1"01·f/. 1-lt!
H.1111 /1!<1111 1011!) Haf.:.,/11·1 ·1; /hi/.<,
14;,
Uol1i11 H1·d -lu w18 I, 1-16

<.l 1111 111 1.ic H1 - 111 arl<~.

,.

:'<1•r11irolo11

0111 !i11es f11r t·s .... ~l\ ' :=:,

f 1-. 111 /.-/111 ·s J-,)1ilaph., 101
l Ia r1111111 y, 7:>
J fqw

121

d..ti1> ilitlll or. 11:l

~Ex1 ·l:i 111al io11 , !12

C a-..1· :lflt·r "lo lw," I i i \)

Ca . .: 1·

J-:pigr:tt ll, d e li11il i1011 of, !)()
/·,'11ilo 1;1/i !,_1; ]J I' Fr11nkiin , 101
Eq11i\'all' 11 !. exprl'ssio 11 s, il4
Es,oa ys
C<;tl('l11 s io 11 o f, 143
Pi s1 ·11 s - io11, 1-l:J
I 1il l'l Hit 1t ·t io111 l<>, 14il
Ott! I itl\ 'S , 1-1:!
~1tl• je 1 · 1 s for, 14!)

··.·•·

:-;t1 ltdividcd nwn1hers of a co1tt po1111d s<: tt I C llCC , Ii

:

t.,

~1·11l 1·11 u..: :4

,

Bal>ut«e<l. ;;o
{'n1nhin ing sc nfC'n ccs , .-J'J

..

i:.·<

..

> '
'

con 1po1111d. H

l'llillrnc:led compo11nd, .'-\
c han ged
lo cxcla rnat ory (ir
inlcrrognt. ivc. -1 l
Pni n di c :inrl loose, 48
::\ho r t papers, s11hjccts for, !o-1.
bO, 105
::\i mi le, 83
dctinition of, SB
S tr('ng1h, 72

.,

~

~\

To ~Cc u re, 7.i

~ttli jt · c l s f o r
~o. 10;;

~hort.

P1q1<.:1s. I0-1

~

l

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